ORCID Profile
0000-0002-5739-4560
Current Organisation
Deakin University
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Publisher: MDPI AG
Date: 10-06-2022
DOI: 10.3390/NU14122421
Abstract: Advanced glycation end products (AGEs) are glycated proteins or lipids formed endogenously in the human body or consumed through diet. Ultra-processed foods and some culinary techniques, such as dry cooking methods, represent the main sources and drivers of dietary AGEs. Tissue accumulation of AGEs has been associated with cellular aging and implicated in various age-related diseases, including type-2 diabetes and cardiovascular disease. The current review summarizes the literature examining the associations between AGEs and neurocognitive and mental health disorders. Studies indicate that elevated circulating AGEs are cross-sectionally associated with poorer cognitive function and longitudinally increase the risk of developing dementia. Additionally, preliminary studies show that higher skin AGE accumulation may be associated with mental disorders, particularly depression and schizophrenia. Potential mechanisms underpinning the effects of AGEs include elevated oxidative stress and neuroinflammation, which are both key pathogenetic mechanisms underlying neurodegeneration and mental disorders. Decreasing dietary intake of AGEs may improve neurological and mental disorder outcomes. However, more sophisticated prospective studies and analytical approaches are required to verify directionality and the extent to which AGEs represent a mediator linking unhealthy dietary patterns with cognitive and mental disorders.
Publisher: MDPI AG
Date: 18-01-2023
DOI: 10.3390/NU15030504
Abstract: Excess consumption of ultra-processed foods (UPFs) is currently under investigation for its potentially detrimental impact on human health. Current evidence demonstrates a substantial association with an increased risk of metabolic disorders, but data on mental health outcomes are just emerging. The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between the consumption of UPFs and depressive symptoms in a s le of younger Italian adults. A cross-sectional study was conducted on 596 in iduals (age 18–35 y) recruited in southern Italy. Food frequency questionnaires and the NOVA classification were used to assess dietary factors the Center for the Epidemiological Studies of Depression Short Form (CES-D-10) was used to assess presence of depressive symptoms. In iduals in the highest quartile of UPF consumption had higher odds of having depressive symptoms in the energy-adjusted model (odds ratio (OR) = 1.89, 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.06, 3.28) the association remained significant after adjusting for potential confounding factors (OR = 2.04, 95% CI: 1.04, 4.01) and became even stronger after further adjustment for adherence to the Mediterranean diet as a proxy of diet quality (OR = 2.70, 95% CI: 1.32, 5.51). In conclusion, a positive association between UPF consumption and likelihood of having depressive symptoms was found in younger Italian in iduals. Given the consistency of the findings after adjustment for diet quality, further studies are needed to understand whether non-nutritional factors may play a role in human neurobiology.
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 04-2021
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 05-2020
Publisher: MDPI AG
Date: 15-08-2023
DOI: 10.20944/PREPRINTS202308.1110.V1
Abstract: Background: In this secondary analysis of the Supporting the Modification of Lifestyle In Lowered Emotional States (SMILES) randomised controlled trial, we investigated if the beneficial effects of a dietary intervention on clinical depression were driven, in part, by reducing the consumption of foods classified as ultra-processed.Methods: The SMILES trial enrolled 67 adults with major depressive disorder, randomly assigning them to either a 12-week modified Mediterranean dietary intervention or a social support control. Our analysis included 44 participants with non-missing dietary data and at least one valid Montgomery& ndash & Aring sberg Depression Rating Scale (MADRS) assessment at 12 weeks of follow-up. The Nova food classification system was used to estimate the proportion of ultra-processed foods in the overall diet (percentage of grams) based on data from seven-day food diaries. We fitted linear regression models under blinded conditions to determine whether ultra-processed food intake-change from baseline to 12 weeks moderated the dietary intervention effects on depressive symptoms. We estimated mean differences in depressive symptoms along with ninety-five per cent confidence intervals (95%CIs).Results: For participants in the dietary intervention, there was an additional 2.5-point improvement in MADRS scores for each 10% reduction in the dietary share of ultra-processed foods compared to participants in the control group (between-group mean differences in depressive symptoms: & minus .46, 95%CIs & minus .71 to & minus .20, p=0.039, & eta p 2 of 0.10).Conclusions: These preliminary findings suggest that the therapeutic benefit of a dietary intervention for depression may stem, at least in part, from reductions in the dietary share of ultra-processed foods.
Publisher: MDPI AG
Date: 21-08-2023
DOI: 10.20944/PREPRINTS202308.1407.V1
Abstract: Objective: To evaluate the existing meta-analytic evidence of associations between exposure to ultra-processed foods, as defined by the Nova food classification system, and adverse health outcomes. Design: Systematic umbrella review of existing meta-analyses. Data Sources: MEDLINE, PsycINFO, Embase, and the Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, as well as manually searching reference lists from 2009 to June 2023. Inclusion Criteria: Systematic reviews and meta-analyses of cohort, case-control, and/or cross-sectional study designs that evaluated the associations between exposure to ultra-processed foods and adverse health outcomes in humans across the lifespan. Results: The search identified 45 unique pooled analyses, including 13 dose-response and 32 non-dose-response associations (n=9,888,373). Overall, direct associations were found between exposure to ultra-processed foods and 32 (71%) health outcome domains spanning cardiometabolic, gastrointestinal, and respiratory conditions, cancer, mental health, and mortality. Based on a pre-specified evidence classification criteria, convincing evidence (Class I) supported direct associations between greater ultra-processed food exposure and higher risks of incident cardiovascular disease-related mortality (RR: 1.50 95%CIs: 1.37 to 1.63), type two diabetes (dose-response RR: 1.12 95%CIs: 1.11 to 1.13), and depressive outcomes (HR: 1.21 95%CIs: 1.16 to 1.28), as well as higher risks of prevalent anxiety outcomes (OR: 1.48 95%CIs: 1.37 to 1.59) and combined common mental disorder outcomes (OR: 1.53 95%CIs: 1.43 to 1.63). Highly suggestive (Class II) evidence indicated that greater exposure to ultra-processed foods was directly associated with higher risks of incident all-cause mortality (RR: 1.21 95%CIs: 1.15 to 1.27), heart disease-related mortality (dose-response HR: 1.66 95%CIs: 1.51 to 1.84), and type two diabetes (OR: 1.40 95%CIs: 1.23 to 1.59), together with higher risks of prevalent obesity (OR: 1.55 95%CIs: 1.36 to 1.77), adverse sleep-related outcomes (OR: 1.41 95%CIs: 1.24 to 1.60), and wheezing (RR: 1.40 95%CIs: 1.27 to 1.55). Out of the remaining 34 pooled analyses, 21 were graded as suggestive or weak strength (Class III-IV) and 13 were graded as no evidence (Class V). Using the GRADE framework, 22 pooled analyses were rated as "Low" quality, with 19 rated as "Very Low& and four rated as "Moderate" quality. Conclusions: Higher exposure to ultra-processed food was associated with a greater risk of adverse health outcomes, especially cardiometabolic, common mental disorder, and mortality outcomes. These findings provide a rationale to evaluate the effectiveness of using population-based measures to target and reduce dietary exposure to ultra-processed foods for improved human health. Systematic Review Registration: PROSPERO CRD42023412732.
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 09-11-2020
DOI: 10.1111/OBR.13146
Publisher: MDPI AG
Date: 17-02-2023
DOI: 10.3390/JCM12041610
Abstract: This umbrella review aimed to systematically identify the peri-operative risk factors associated with post-operative cognitive dysfunction (POCD) using meta-analyses of observational studies. To date, no review has synthesised nor assessed the strength of the available evidence examining risk factors for POCD. Database searches from journal inception to December 2022 consisted of systematic reviews with meta-analyses that included observational studies examining pre-, intra- and post-operative risk factors for POCD. A total of 330 papers were initially screened. Eleven meta-analyses were included in this umbrella review, which consisted of 73 risk factors in a total population of 67,622 participants. Most pertained to pre-operative risk factors (74%) that were predominantly examined using prospective designs and in cardiac-related surgeries (71%). Overall, 31 of the 73 factors (42%) were associated with a higher risk of POCD. However, there was no convincing (class I) or highly suggestive (class II) evidence for associations between risk factors and POCD, and suggestive evidence (class III) was limited to two risk factors (pre-operative age and pre-operative diabetes). Given that the overall strength of the evidence is limited, further large-scale studies that examine risk factors across various surgery types are recommended.
No related grants have been discovered for Melissa Lane.