ORCID Profile
0000-0002-9098-7800
Current Organisation
University of Tasmania
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Publisher: Routledge
Date: 03-2013
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Date: 11-2002
Publisher: Cambridge University Press
Date: 12-06-2014
Publisher: IGI Global
Date: 10-2007
Abstract: This article examines the potential for e-technologies to address the problem of political exclusion among some currently excluded groups of voters in Australia today. It canvasses known and suspected patterns of such exclusion and, in some cases, suggests likely reasons for it. We review the capacity for electronic forms of voting and registration to address the following issues: low voting and registration levels among indigenous Australians, declining registration levels among the young, restricted access to the secret ballot caused by disability, informal voting among minority language speakers and people with low literacy and numeracy competence, low voting participation among people who experience difficulty in attending a polling place on election day, and low voting participation among the Australian diaspora. We begin by providing some technical background, after which we report briefly on the electronic voting (e-voting) state of play in Australia today.
Publisher: Taylor & Francis
Date: 2014
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Date: 11-2010
Publisher: SAGE Publications
Date: 10-01-2011
DOI: 10.1111/J.1467-9256.2010.01399.X
Abstract: In a recent issue of Politics Ben Saunders argued that the use of compulsory voting to increase turnout is misguided: lower turnout – even if unequal across social groups – is not necessarily undemocratic and may even serve democratic values. While accepting Saunders' normative premises that democratic decisions should be made by those affected by them and that distortions should be eliminated from the electoral process, I show that when implementing such ideals against empirical trends in voter behaviour and government responsiveness, compulsory voting is vindicated rather than invalidated.
Publisher: Cambridge University Press
Date: 12-06-2014
Publisher: Springer International Publishing
Date: 2020
Publisher: Cambridge University Press
Date: 12-06-2014
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Date: 04-05-2017
Publisher: Springer Netherlands
Date: 2020
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Date: 04-05-2017
Publisher: SAGE Publications
Date: 06-2020
Abstract: By focusing only on the composition of representative bodies, the traditional ‘politics of presence’ approach has inadvertently diminished the value of participation for representation. It overlooks that there exist ‘elite voters’ who reinforce discrimination against abstainers at the policy level and create obstacles for improving the lives of the marginalized. We offer a remedy to persisting patterns of political exclusion by arguing in favour of a ‘politics of presence’ at the polls. This requires high and socially erse turnout that will make representation more inclusive, broader and qualitatively different it will be more descriptive, not of group characteristics, but of the interests, opinions and ideas of voters. Our alternative is a fusion of descriptive and substantive representation ‘descriptive responsiveness’.
Publisher: Edinburgh University Press
Date: 03-2017
Abstract: In order to operate effectively, modern capitalism depends on agents who evince a rather morally undemanding type of moral character one that is acquisitive, pecuniary, recognition-seeking and merely prudent. Adam Smith is considered to have been the key legitimiser of this archetype. In this paper I respond to the view that Smith is actually sceptical about the value of material acquisition and explore whether he really believed that the pursuit of tranquillity and virtue—especially beneficence—offers a superior route to happiness than the commercial world of materialist acquisition. I approach these issues partly by considering the roles of beneficence and sympathy in Smith's system and partly by analysing the story of ‘The Poor Man's Son’ related in Book IV of The Theory of Moral Sentiments. As he narrates this story, Smith seems highly critical of the unrelenting drive for worldly success. But what is the real moral of the story? Should people contain their ambition for recognition and material success and pursue tranquillity and virtue instead? I suggest that Smith's discussion in and around the story of ‘The Poor Man's Son’ points to a significant tension between his personal ideal of happiness and his observations and recommendations as a social scientist.
Publisher: SAGE Publications
Date: 12-2002
Publisher: Cambridge University Press (CUP)
Date: 05-1996
DOI: 10.1017/S0003975600008031
Abstract: This paper seeks to locate Adam Ferguson (17231816), a leading light of the Scottish Enlightenment, within a tradition. Ferguson's work seems to straddle two traditions: classical civic humanism, on the one hand, and liberalism on the other. The claims of those scholars who have perceived in Ferguson's work prescient anticipations of nineteenth and twentieth century social thought are of particular relevance here. It is the contention of this paper that although Ferguson's work must be understood as classically and theologically inspired, there are, nevertheless, clear anticipations of modern social science in it. The dimensions of Ferguson's work focussed on are: his historiography, his theories of spontaneous order, habit and conflict, and his anticipatory detection ot anomie and alienation effects. Ferguson's unique contribution lays in his ability to give ancient insights a sociological twist thereby bridging the gap between modern and classical traditions.
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Date: 06-2011
Publisher: Philosophy Documentation Center
Date: 1999
DOI: 10.5840/IJAP19991311
Publisher: Oxford University Press
Date: 08-10-2020
DOI: 10.1093/OXFORDHB/9780198805465.013.2
Abstract: This chapter explores Australia’s well-deserved reputation as a democratic innovator and, in particular, an electoral innovator. This tendency has been driven substantially by two uniquely Australian inheritances: first, a relative absence of rights protections in the Constitution and second, a pragmatic political culture less concerned with in idualized rights than with utility, fairness, and equality. Australia introduced a number of electoral innovations that have defined and distinguished its democracy, some of which were enthusiastically adopted by other democracies. These include the secret ballot, preferential voting, mobile polling booths, Saturday voting, and, more recently, direct update. It was also an early adopter of women’s suffrage and compulsory voting, the latter of which is arguably Australia’s most important and consequential innovation. The latter also helped to drive the development of integrated, effective, and inventive electoral management that is respected the world over. All of these developments have resulted in an electoral system that is well managed and highly trusted and has unusually high and socially even rates of electoral inclusion. In turn, this has made Australian democracy quite robust.
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Date: 09-2007
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Date: 27-09-2023
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 03-2009
Publisher: SAGE Publications
Date: 03-2002
Abstract: The legitimacy of compelling citizens to vote is rarely explored beyond claims about partisan benefit or infractions of liberty and democratic freedom of choice. Using the Australian model as a particularly successful and well administered case, I explore more deeply the issue of whether the state imposed obligation to vote is a legitimate one. The problem is approached via a number of questions, among them: Does compulsion have any properties that make it superior to a voluntary system? Does compulsion place an undue burden on voters? Is voting in the interests of in iduals? Does voting do any good? Is there an obligation to vote? And, if so, to whom is the obligation owed? I conclude that compulsion is reasonable because it yields collective (and ultimately in idual) goods and protects a number of democratic, liberal and moral values. It is suggested that although there may be an obligation (but not a duty) to vote, this obligation is not owed to the state but rather to other citizens. An important effect of compulsory voting is its capacity to make voting a more ‘rational’ activity because it limits informational uncertainty and reduces opportunity costs. Compulsion removes most, if not all, the barriers to voting normally experienced by abstainers in voluntary systems. In doing so it releases or generates a variety of positive values, utilities and capabilities.
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Date: 02-2000
Publisher: Routledge
Date: 27-09-2006
Publisher: SAGE Publications
Date: 11-2004
Abstract: Adam Smith (1723–90) provided a novel and subtle account of the new social physics that emerged to accommodate the economic changes taking place in his time. This article explores Smith’s views on the effect of commercialization on friendship, and then questions one prominent interpretation of his approach, that of Allan Silver. Against the contested reading, we argue that the new ‘strangership’ described by Smith is not warm, but rather, cool-friendship enhancing. We suggest that Cicero’s treatment of friendship illuminates Smith’s views on this topic.
Publisher: SAGE Publications
Date: 03-2000
DOI: 10.1177/144078330003600103
Abstract: This paper attempts to go beyond the usual liberal/democratic debates about the justifiability of compulsion or arguments about partisan benefit, towards a discussion of the social and economic functions of compulsory voting. The main theme is that given a number of trends both here and in comparable contexts, it would not be a good idea for Australians to consider abandoning the present system. These trends include: policy driven socio-economic insecurity greater time pressures upon those in work increasing alienation and apathy among the young and a global trend towards political demobilisation. Abstention is understood as both a political and emotional response to economic marginalisation and social isolation. Subjective feelings of alienation, neglect, cynicism and low political efficacy are treated as socio-psychic norms which govern the behaviour of non-voters, culminating in what is termed here 'political shyness'. The politically shy are shown to be among the most vulnerable members of our community and it is suggested that under a system of voluntary voting, political shyness would negatively affect the welfare of these groups. The importance of compulsion is also linked to notions of reciprocal obligation and the centrality of inclusive citizenship to Australia's anticipated republic.
Publisher: Palgrave Macmillan US
Date: 2009
Publisher: Oxford University Press (OUP)
Date: 2003
DOI: 10.1016/S1449-4035(03)70014-9
Abstract: This article explores gender differences in voting habits and explores the question of whether it is possible to speak of a distinctive women's perspective when it comes to elections. Drawing on a wide body of existing data, the discussion focuses on the “gender gap” in three settings: Britain, Australia and the United States. It canvasses competing explanations of political gender differences and seeks to account for the similarities between the British and Australian cases and their differences with the American. A key puzzle is this: Why was America's “traditional” (that is, conservative) gender gap superseded so readily by a “modern” (that is, liberal) gender gap while Australia and Britain's traditional gender gap retained its resilience? Future prospects for the gender gap in each case are also considered.
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Date: 26-05-2010
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Date: 02-07-2016
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 08-2000
Publisher: Mary Ann Liebert Inc
Date: 12-2013
Publisher: Cambridge University Press (CUP)
Date: 2012
DOI: 10.1017/S0034670512000411
Abstract: There is enormous and unabated interest in Smith's thought partly because he remains—rightly or wrongly—the most important touchstone for the liberal, free-market project. But it is also because his work is so rich and therefore capable of bearing multiple interpretations. In fact, Smith studies is a surprisingly large and competitive field, with its own journal: in 2003 the quantity of secondary literature on Smith could be realistically described as “enough to sink a small boat” (Margaret Schabas, “Adam Smith's Debts to Nature,” in Oeconomies in the Age of Newton , ed. De Marchi and Schabas [Duke University Press, 2003], 1) and today it is even larger. Here are three new books to add to that growing literature all are important additions.
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 06-2010
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Date: 12-2004
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Date: 1999
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Date: 02-01-2015
Publisher: SAGE Publications
Date: 15-05-2021
Abstract: The most important parent of the idea of property in the person (self-ownership) is undoubtedly John Locke. In this article, we argue that the origins of this idea can be traced back as far as the third century BCE, to classical Stoicism. Stoic cosmopolitanism, with its insistence on impartiality and the moral equality of all persons, lays the foundation for the idea of self-ownership, which is then given support in the doctrine of oikeiosis and the corresponding belief that nature had made all human beings equal, self-preserving, and self-regarding. On the Stoic account, self-ownership (or our preferred term self-guardianship) is a natural correlate and consequence of oikeiosis, the natural urge to self-preservation, proprioception, and the in iduation that came with it. In recognising that people are separate and in idual, and entrusting each in idual’s welfare to herself, Zeus appears to make everyone a ‘self-guardian’. We uniquely argue that Locke was directly inspired by these Stoic ideas, which he then develops and incorporates into his own theory.
Publisher: IGI Global
Date: 2009
DOI: 10.4018/978-1-60566-130-8.CH010
Abstract: Due to compulsory voting, Australia’s turnout rate is among the highest and most socially-even in the industrialised world. Nevertheless, some voters are still left behind on election day. In this chapter we examine the potential for E-technologies to address the problem of political exclusion among some currently excluded groups of voters. We canvas known and suspected patterns of such exclusion and, in some cases, suggest possible reasons for it. We review the capacity for electronic forms of voting and registration to address: Low voting and registration levels among indigenous Australians declining registration levels among the young restricted access to the secret ballot caused by disability informal voting among minority language speakers and people with low literacy and numeracy competence low voting participation among people who experience difficulty in attending a polling place on election day and low voting participation among the Australian diaspora. We begin by providing some technical background, after which we report briefly on the E-voting state of play in Australia today.
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Date: 02-10-2015
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Date: 19-02-2016
Publisher: SAGE Publications
Date: 05-2001
Abstract: This article responds to recent cases of parliamentary speech which reflect the ascendancy of a totalising ‘mainstream’ approach to public discourse and a political leadership that may, at times, be overly attentive to the majority-rule dimension of democracy. These developments spark a more general discussion of the phenomenology of privileged parliamentary speech, the role of speech freedoms in liberal democratic orders and the duties of parliamentary representatives within them. I make two general conclusions. First, the ways in which we normally argue and think about free speech will not generally apply to the speech of parliamentarians because their speech rights cannot be universalised. Secondly, even if parliamentary speech could be treated as standard speech there would be no legitimate defence (from a liberal democratic point of view) for a strictly populist approach to its use since this could undermine the deliberative function of parliament and lead to the violation of other important liberal democratic principles.
Publisher: Cambridge University Press (CUP)
Date: 27-10-2006
DOI: 10.1017/S0034670506000210
Abstract: This paper seeks to locate Adam Smith's thought within corruption debates and traditions. The discussion commences by outlining the material and intellectual context within which Smith wrote, after which it disputes claims that Smith may be readily aligned with either a classical or proto-Marxist “corruption and decline” tradition. The remainder of the paper is devoted to exploring in detail how he approached the topic. It is argued that he does not fit easily into any of the recognizable corruption frameworks but that he forges one all his own, borne of his anxieties about the activities of the English state in a rapidly expanding economy and his desire to develop the new science of political economy.
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Date: 03-2001
DOI: 10.1080/713765225
Publisher: Cambridge University Press
Date: 12-06-2014
Publisher: Cambridge University Press
Date: 05-06-2014
Abstract: In many democracies, voter turnout is low and getting lower. If the people choose not to govern themselves, should they be forced to do so? For Jason Brennan, compulsory voting is unjust and a petty violation of citizens' liberty. The median non-voter is less informed and rational, as well as more biased, than the median voter. According to Lisa Hill, compulsory voting is a reasonable imposition on personal liberty. Hill points to the discernible benefits of compulsory voting and argues that high turnout elections are more democratically legitimate. The authors - both well-known for their work on voting and civic engagement - debate questions such as: • Do citizens have a duty to vote, and is it an enforceable duty? • Does compulsory voting violate citizens' liberty? If so, is this sufficient grounds to oppose it? Or is it a justifiable violation? Might it instead promote liberty on the whole? • Is low turnout a problem or a blessing?
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Date: 11-1998
Publisher: Cambridge University Press
Date: 12-06-2014
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Date: 11-10-2015
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Date: 09-2012
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Date: 11-2002
Publisher: SAGE Publications
Date: 04-2006
Abstract: America’s turnout problem is among the worst of any of the established democracies. Even a reform as sweeping as the NVRA (Motor Voter Act) has failed to remedy it. Adopting an empirically informed normative approach, the author proposes and defends an ambitious solution: compulsory voting. Anticipating considerable resistance to this proposal, the article explores likely cultural, practical, political and legal barriers to its introduction and, in some cases, suggests strategies for overcoming them. It is concluded that most of the likely impediments are not technically, but rather, culturally and politically intractable. Yet, compulsory voting could have many benefits. Not only could it improve turnout more effectively than any other measure, but it could also close America’s yawning SES voting gap, limit some of the problems associated with c aign finance and break the cycle of low efficacy, alienation, non-participation and exclusion that characterizes American politics. Finally, compulsory voting can serve and protect such important democratic values as representativeness, legitimacy and political equality.
Publisher: Palgrave Macmillan UK
Date: 2014
Publisher: SAGE Publications
Date: 11-2007
Abstract: Adam Smith (1723—90) and Adam Ferguson (1723—1816) shared a keen interest in the social, economic and in idual effects of specialization. Though this mutual interest led to a protracted priority dispute between them, nevertheless their approaches differed significantly. Ferguson was generally more negative in his attitude and was also less interested in the economic effects of specialization, focusing instead on its adverse social ramifications. In fact, his work on the subject probably constitutes the first fully developed sociological account of the topic. Karl Marx quoted Ferguson approvingly and declared that he had been inspired by the latter's insights. But Smith too made some extremely negative and apparently pessimistic observations about the ision of labour, giving rise to suggestions that his comments also `constitute a major source of inspiration for the socialist critique' of commercialism. This article compares and contrasts the respective approaches of the two Scots. It also pays particular attention to claims that there are parallels with Marx in their thinking. To what extent is this true? Further, if it is true, do they anticipate him in the same way?
Publisher: Cambridge University Press (CUP)
Date: 29-07-2010
Location: United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland
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