ORCID Profile
0000-0003-2844-655X
Current Organisation
University of Tasmania
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Publisher: Frontiers Media SA
Date: 28-08-2020
Publisher: Frontiers Media SA
Date: 16-11-2017
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Date: 20-06-2018
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 29-03-2021
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 29-06-2017
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 09-2019
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 28-03-2023
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 31-05-2021
DOI: 10.1002/AQC.3621
Abstract: The recovery of overexploited populations is likely to reveal behaviours that may have been present prior to harvest but are only now reappearing as the population size increases. The east Australian humpback whale ( Megaptera novaeangliae ) population (group V, stock E1) has recovered well from past exploitation and is now estimated to be close to the pre‐whaling population size. Humpback whales were thought to follow a ‘feast and famine’ model historically, feeding intensively in high‐latitude feeding grounds and then fasting while migrating and in calving grounds however, there is growing evidence that animals may feed outside of known foraging grounds. This short article reports on the first photographically documented evidence of bubble‐net feeding by humpback whales in Australian coastal waters ( n = 10 groups observed) and provides the first evidence of a second site in the southern hemisphere for the formation of ‘super‐groups’ ( n = 6 super‐groups at discrete locations). The formation of super‐groups may be linked to changes in the type or density of prey available, either along the migratory route or in the feeding grounds of the previous summer. It is also possible that the increased population size following recovery make large group sizes while feeding more common. These findings strongly support evidence that feeding behaviour is not restricted to high‐latitude foraging grounds in the Southern Ocean, and that prey consumption prior to leaving the coastal waters of Australia may be a significant component of the migratory ecology of this population. Understanding how environmental variation influences the extent to which humpback whales depend on foraging opportunities along their migratory route, and where feeding occurs, will help to predict how future changes in the ocean will influence whale populations. This will also allow for more effective management measures to reduce the impact of threats during this important period of energy consumption.
Publisher: Frontiers Media SA
Date: 24-06-2021
Abstract: Local drivers are human activities or processes that occur in specific locations, and cause physical or ecological change at the local or regional scale. Here, we consider marine and land-derived pollution, non-indigenous species, tourism and other human visits, exploitation of marine resources, recovery of marine mammals, and coastal change as a result of ice loss, in terms of their historic and current extent, and their interactions with the Southern Ocean environment. We summarise projected increases or decreases in the influence of local drivers, and projected changes to their geographic range, concluding that the influence of non-indigenous species, fishing, and the recovery of marine mammals are predicted to increase in the future across the Southern Ocean. Local drivers can be managed regionally, and we identify existing governance frameworks as part of the Antarctic Treaty System and other instruments which may be employed to mitigate or limit their impacts on Southern Ocean ecosystems.
Publisher: Frontiers Media SA
Date: 13-05-2021
DOI: 10.3389/FMARS.2021.622721
Abstract: Knowledge of life on the Southern Ocean seafloor has substantially grown since the beginning of this century with increasing ship-based surveys and regular monitoring sites, new technologies and greatly enhanced data sharing. However, seafloor habitats and their communities exhibit high spatial variability and heterogeneity that challenges the way in which we assess the state of the Southern Ocean benthos on larger scales. The Antarctic shelf is rich in ersity compared with deeper water areas, important for storing carbon (“blue carbon”) and provides habitat for commercial fish species. In this paper, we focus on the seafloor habitats of the Antarctic shelf, which are vulnerable to drivers of change including increasing ocean temperatures, iceberg scour, sea ice melt, ocean acidification, fishing pressures, pollution and non-indigenous species. Some of the most vulnerable areas include the West Antarctic Peninsula, which is experiencing rapid regional warming and increased iceberg-scouring, subantarctic islands and tourist destinations where human activities and environmental conditions increase the potential for the establishment of non-indigenous species and active fishing areas around South Georgia, Heard and MacDonald Islands. Vulnerable species include those in areas of regional warming with low thermal tolerance, calcifying species susceptible to increasing ocean acidity as well as slow-growing habitat-forming species that can be damaged by fishing gears e.g., sponges, bryozoan, and coral species. Management regimes can protect seafloor habitats and key species from fishing activities some areas will need more protection than others, accounting for specific traits that make species vulnerable, slow growing and long-lived species, restricted locations with optimum physiological conditions and available food, and restricted distributions of rare species. Ecosystem-based management practices and long-term, highly protected areas may be the most effective tools in the preservation of vulnerable seafloor habitats. Here, we focus on outlining seafloor responses to drivers of change observed to date and projections for the future. We discuss the need for action to preserve seafloor habitats under climate change, fishing pressures and other anthropogenic impacts.
Publisher: Magnolia Press
Date: 08-2018
DOI: 10.11646/ZOOTAXA.4455.1.1
Abstract: Increased s ling efforts in unexplored regions of the Southern Ocean (including depths m) combined with the use of an epibenthic sledge resulted in a large collection of mobile, scale-bearing worms from the family Polynoidae Kinberg, 1856. The greatest taxonomic novelty was found in the genus Macellicephala McIntosh, 1885, the type genus of the exclusively deep-sea polynoid sub-family Macellicephalinae Hartmann-Schröder, 1971. Recently collected material from the Amundsen Sea led to discovery of four new species based on morphology and COI, 16S and 18S genes—Macellicephala gloveri sp. nov., M. linseae sp. nov., M. patersoni sp. nov. and M. brenesorum sp. nov. The holotype of type taxon Macellicephala mirabilis McIntosh, 1885 as well as historic material of Macellicephala collected from the Southern Ocean enabled comparison with the modern material. As a result, Macellicephala mirabilis is re-defined, and two new species, M. monroi sp. nov. and M. macintoshi sp. nov., are erected from the historic material previously ascribed to M. mirabilis. Additionally, DNA-suitable specimens assigned to M. monroi sp. nov. were collected from the Scotia Sea. Genetic data enabled the first test of the monophyly of Macellicephala. Based on current taxa coverage, these taxa form a well-supported monophyletic group as recovered by Bayesian and Maximum Likelihood analyses of our combined genetic dataset. In addition, the analysis shows strong support of a clade comprising Macellicephala and other exclusively deep-sea groups (including cave-dwelling taxa).
Publisher: Cambridge University Press (CUP)
Date: 11-2019
DOI: 10.1017/S0032247420000194
Abstract: The term “Antarctic ambassadorship” is increasingly used to represent an in idual’s connection to Antarctica and their subsequent advocacy. However, there is little clarity regarding the concept. To address this, we combined a literature review with an expert elicitation workshop. We argue that (i) the concept of Antarctic ambassador has been understood in myriad ways (ii) Antarctic ambassadors have a connection to, knowledge of and passion for Antarctica (iii) they also have a commitment to defending and advancing Antarctic values and (iv) Antarctic ambassadorship is about more than advocacy. We propose the first comprehensive definition of Antarctic ambassadorship. We hope this will provide a cornerstone upon which future research, and a more informed governance of Antarctic tourism, can be built.
Publisher: The Royal Society
Date: 11-2016
DOI: 10.1098/RSOS.160432
Abstract: The Antarctic marine environment is a erse ecosystem currently experiencing some of the fastest rates of climatic change. The documentation and management of these changes requires accurate estimates of species ersity. Recently, there has been an increased recognition of the abundance and importance of cryptic species, i.e. those that are morphologically identical but genetically distinct. This article presents the largest genetic investigation into the prevalence of cryptic polychaete species within the deep Antarctic benthos to date. We uncover cryptic ersity in 50% of the 15 morphospecies targeted through the comparison of mitochondrial DNA sequences, as well as 10 previously overlooked morphospecies, increasing the total species richness in the s le by 233%. Our ability to describe universal rules for the detection of cryptic species within polychaetes, or normalization to expected number of species based on genetic data is prevented by taxon-specific differences in phylogenetic outputs and genetic variation between and within potential cryptic species. These data provide the foundation for biogeographic and functional analysis that will provide insight into the drivers of species ersity and its role in ecosystem function.
Location: Australia
Location: United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland
Location: United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland
Location: United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland
No related grants have been discovered for Madeleine Brasier.