ORCID Profile
0000-0002-4028-949X
Current Organisations
Monash University
,
Deakin University
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Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 19-01-2018
DOI: 10.1007/S00421-018-3806-2
Abstract: We examined the concurrent characteristics of the remote development of strength and cross-sectional area (CSA) of upper body skeletal muscle in response to lower body resistance training performed with an applied blood flow restriction (BFR). Males allocated to an experimental BFR group (EXP n = 12) or a non-BFR control group (CON n = 12) completed 7-weeks of resistance training comprising three sets of unilateral bicep curls [50% 1-repetition maximum (1-RM)], then four sets of bilateral knee extension and flexion exercises (30% 1-RM). EXP performed leg exercises with an applied BFR (60% limb occlusion pressure). 1-RM strength was measured using bilateral leg exercises and unilateral bicep curls in both trained and untrained arms. Muscle CSA was measured via peripheral quantitative computed tomography in the dominant leg and both arms. 1-RM in the trained arm increased more in EXP (2.5 ± 0.4 kg mean ± SEM) than the contralateral untrained arm (0.8 ± 0.4 kg), and the trained arm of CON (0.6 ± 0.3 kg, P < 0.05). The increase in knee extension 1-RM was twofold that of CON (P 0.05), while untrained arm CSA did not change (P > 0.05). Lower limb BFR training increased trained arm strength more than the contralateral untrained arm, and the trained arm of controls. However, there was no additional effect on muscle CSA. These findings support evidence for a BFR training-derived remote strength transfer that may be relevant to populations with localised movement disorders.
Publisher: Frontiers Media SA
Date: 21-08-2019
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 10-2021
DOI: 10.1111/RESP.14159
Publisher: Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)
Date: 06-2018
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 02-2017
DOI: 10.14814/PHY2.13142
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 13-10-2017
DOI: 10.1113/JP275149
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 24-12-2015
Publisher: Oxford University Press (OUP)
Date: 19-07-2019
Abstract: Creatine is a metabolite involved in cellular energy homeostasis. In this study, we examined placental creatine content, and expression of the enzymes required for creatine synthesis, transport and the creatine kinase reaction, in pregnancies complicated by low birthweight. We studied first trimester chorionic villus biopsies (CVBs) of small for gestational age (SGA) and appropriately grown infants (AGA), along with third trimester placental s les from fetal growth restricted (FGR) and healthy gestation-matched controls. Placental creatine and creatine precursor (guanidinoacetate—GAA) levels were measured. Maternal and cord serum from control and FGR pregnancies were also analyzed for creatine concentration. mRNA expression of the creatine transporter (SLC6A8) synthesizing enzymes arginine:glycine aminotransferase (GATM) and guanidinoacetate methyltransferase (GAMT) mitochondrial (mtCK) and cytosolic (BBCK) creatine kinases and amino acid transporters (SLC7A1 & SLC7A2) was assessed in both CVBs and placental s les. Protein levels of AGAT (arginine:glycine aminotransferase), GAMT, mtCK and BBCK were also measured in placental s les. Key findings total creatine content of the third trimester FGR placentae was 43% higher than controls. The increased creatine content of placental tissue was not reflected in maternal or fetal serum from FGR pregnancies. Tissue concentrations of GAA were lower in the third trimester FGR placentae compared to controls, with lower GATM and GAMT mRNA expression also observed. No differences in the mRNA expression of GATM, GAMT or SLC6A8 were observed between CVBs from SGA and AGA pregnancies. These results suggest placental creatine metabolism in FGR pregnancies is altered in late gestation. The relevance of these changes on placental bioenergetics should be the focus of future investigations.
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 04-07-2015
DOI: 10.1007/S00421-015-3213-X
Abstract: Light-load blood flow restriction exercise (BFRE) may provide a novel training method to limit the effects of age-related muscle atrophy in older adults. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to compare the haemodynamic response to resistance and aerobic BFRE between young adults (YA n = 11 22 ± 1 years) and older adults (OA n = 13 69 ± 1 years). On two occasions, participants completed BFRE or control exercise (CON). One occasion was leg press (LP 20 % 1-RM) and the other was treadmill walking (TM 4 km h(-1)). Haemodynamic responses (HR, Q, SV and BP) were recorded during baseline and exercise. At baseline, YA and OA were different for some haemodynamic parameters (e.g. BP, SV). The relative responses to BFRE were similar between YA and OA. Blood pressures increased more with BFRE, and also for LP over TM. Q increased similarly for BFRE and CON (in both LP and TM), but with elevated HR and reduced SV (TM only). While BFR conferred slightly greater haemodynamic stress than CON, this was lower for walking than leg-press exercise. Given similar response magnitudes between YA and OA, these data support aerobic exercise being a more appropriate BFRE for prescription in older adults that may contribute to limiting the effects of age-related muscle atrophy.
Publisher: MDPI AG
Date: 26-01-2020
DOI: 10.3390/IJMS21030806
Abstract: Creatine is a metabolite important for cellular energy homeostasis as it provides spatio-temporal adenosine triphosphate (ATP) buffering for cells with fluctuating energy demands. Here, we examined whether placental creatine metabolism was altered in cases of early-onset pre-ecl sia (PE), a condition known to cause placental metabolic dysfunction. We studied third trimester human placentae collected between 27–40 weeks’ gestation from women with early-onset PE (n = 20) and gestation-matched normotensive control pregnancies (n = 20). Placental total creatine and creatine precursor guanidinoacetate (GAA) content were measured. mRNA expression of the creatine synthesizing enzymes arginine:glycine aminotransferase (GATM) and guanidinoacetate methyltransferase (GAMT), the creatine transporter (SLC6A8), and the creatine kinases (mitochondrial CKMT1A & cytosolic BBCK) was assessed. Placental protein levels of arginine:glycine aminotransferase (AGAT), GAMT, CKMT1A and BBCK were also determined. Key findings total creatine content of PE placentae was 38% higher than controls (p 0.01). mRNA expression of GATM (p 0.001), GAMT (p 0.001), SLC6A8 (p = 0.021) and BBCK (p 0.001) was also elevated in PE placentae. No differences in GAA content, nor protein levels of AGAT, GAMT, BBCK or CKMT1A were observed between cohorts. Advancing gestation and birth weight were associated with a down-regulation in placental GATM mRNA expression, and a reduction in GAA content, in control placentae. These relationships were absent in PE cases. Our results suggest PE placentae may have an ongoing reliance on the creatine kinase circuit for maintenance of cellular energetics with increased total creatine content and transcriptional changes to creatine synthesizing enzymes and the creatine transporter. Understanding the functional consequences of these changes warrants further investigation.
Publisher: Frontiers Media SA
Date: 13-08-2019
No related grants have been discovered for Anthony May.