ORCID Profile
0000-0002-9682-7541
Current Organisations
University of Bath
,
Georgia Institute of Technology
,
Deakin University
Does something not look right? The information on this page has been harvested from data sources that may not be up to date. We continue to work with information providers to improve coverage and quality. To report an issue, use the Feedback Form.
Publisher: Elsevier
Date: 2015
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 03-04-2019
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 12-2023
Publisher: MDPI
Date: 03-2022
Publisher: MDPI AG
Date: 27-10-2021
DOI: 10.3390/NU13113830
Abstract: There is increasing recognition of the importance of nutrition for reproductive health, but little is known regarding the diet quality of younger vs. older reproductive aged women, and how their intakes relate to dietary recommendations. The purpose of the study was to examine the diets of younger (19–35 years old) compared to older (35–50 years old) reproductive aged women, and how they align with dietary recommendations. Women aged 19–50 years from the 2011–13 Australian National Nutrition and Physical Activity Survey were included (n = 2323). Dietary intakes were assessed by a single 24-h dietary recall and were compared to (i) Australian Dietary Guidelines (ii) Acceptable Macronutrient Distribution for protein, carbohydrates, and fat and (iii) Dietary Guideline Index (DGI). Regression analyses comparing younger and older women against recommendations were undertaken, with confounders determined a priori. There was no difference between older and younger women in meeting food group recommendations, with 26% of all women meeting recommendations for fruit, and meat and alternatives, and % meeting recommendations for vegetables and alternatives, grains, and dairy. Although there was no difference between older and younger women in total DGI score (mean (SE) 75.6 (1.7) vs. 74.5 (2.5), p 0.05), older women had higher component scores in limiting saturated fat, consuming low-fat milk, and limiting adding salt during cooking. Continued health promotion for women of reproductive age should be a key priority to improve their own health and that of future generations.
Publisher: JMIR Publications Inc.
Date: 10-08-2017
Publisher: Cambridge University Press (CUP)
Date: 27-02-2020
DOI: 10.1017/S0007114520000653
Abstract: Little is known about who would benefit from Internet-based personalised nutrition (PN) interventions. This study aimed to evaluate the characteristics of participants who achieved greatest improvements (i.e. benefit) in diet, adiposity and biomarkers following an Internet-based PN intervention. Adults ( n 1607) from seven European countries were recruited into a 6-month, randomised controlled trial (Food4Me) and randomised to receive conventional dietary advice (control) or PN advice. Information on dietary intake, adiposity, physical activity (PA), blood biomarkers and participant characteristics was collected at baseline and month 6. Benefit from the intervention was defined as ≥5 % change in the primary outcome (Healthy Eating Index) and secondary outcomes (waist circumference and BMI, PA, sedentary time and plasma concentrations of cholesterol, carotenoids and omega-3 index) at month 6. For our primary outcome, benefit from the intervention was greater in older participants, women and participants with lower HEI scores at baseline. Benefit was greater for in iduals reporting greater self-efficacy for ‘sticking to healthful foods’ and who ‘felt weird if [they] didn’t eat healthily’. Participants benefited more if they reported wanting to improve their health and well-being. The characteristics of in iduals benefiting did not differ by other demographic, health-related, anthropometric or genotypic characteristics. Findings were similar for secondary outcomes. These findings have implications for the design of more effective future PN intervention studies and for tailored nutritional advice in public health and clinical settings.
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 13-03-2017
DOI: 10.1007/S00394-017-1415-1
Abstract: To report the vitamin D status in adults from seven European countries and to identify behavioural correlates. In total, 1075 eligible adult men and women from Ireland, Netherlands, Spain, Greece, UK, Poland and Germany, were included in the study. Vitamin D deficiency and insufficiency, defined as 25-hydroxy vitamin D The prevalence of vitamin D deficiency varied considerably among European adults. Dietary intakes of ≥10 μg/day of vitamin D from foods and/or supplements and at least 30 min/day of moderate- and vigorous-intensity PA were the minimum thresholds associated with vitamin D sufficiency.
Publisher: BMJ
Date: 20-09-2016
DOI: 10.1136/BMJ.I4707
Abstract: To assess the effect of the FTO genotype on weight loss after dietary, physical activity, or drug based interventions in randomised controlled trials. Systematic review and random effects meta-analysis of in idual participant data from randomised controlled trials. Ovid Medline, Scopus, Embase, and Cochrane from inception to November 2015. Randomised controlled trials in overweight or obese adults reporting reduction in body mass index, body weight, or waist circumference by FTO genotype (rs9939609 or a proxy) after dietary, physical activity, or drug based interventions. Gene by treatment interaction models were fitted to in idual participant data from all studies included in this review, using allele dose coding for genetic effects and a common set of covariates. Study level interactions were combined using random effect models. Metaregression and subgroup analysis were used to assess sources of study heterogeneity. We identified eight eligible randomised controlled trials for the systematic review and meta-analysis (n=9563). Overall, differential changes in body mass index, body weight, and waist circumference in response to weight loss intervention were not significantly different between FTO genotypes. Sensitivity analyses indicated that differential changes in body mass index, body weight, and waist circumference by FTO genotype did not differ by intervention type, intervention length, ethnicity, s le size, sex, and baseline body mass index and age category. We have observed that carriage of the FTO minor allele was not associated with differential change in adiposity after weight loss interventions. These findings show that in iduals carrying the minor allele respond equally well to dietary, physical activity, or drug based weight loss interventions and thus genetic predisposition to obesity associated with the FTO minor allele can be at least partly counteracted through such interventions. PROSPERO CRD42015015969.
Publisher: MDPI AG
Date: 05-10-2022
DOI: 10.3390/NU14194133
Abstract: Poor diet quality exacerbates risks for acute and chronic conditions. People experiencing food insecurity have an increased likelihood of lower diet quality however, this has not been investigated in the Australian context. The aim of this cross-sectional study was to examine whether the diet quality of Australian adults differed according to their household food security status. Data were analysed from a nationally representative s le (≥19 years n = 9115) collected as part of the National Nutrition and Physical Activity Survey 2011-12. Household food security status and socio-demographic and health characteristics were assessed using data from an 18-module health interview. A 24 h dietary recall was used to estimate food and nutrient intakes and to calculate the Dietary Guidelines Index (DGI). DGI is a food-based score (0 to 130) that assesses adherence to the 2013 Australian Dietary Guidelines. Survey-weighted linear regression models, adjusted for age and sex, were used to examine diet quality (total DGI and component scores), and total energy and nutrient intake by food security status. Adults from food-insecure households had a mean total DGI score 3.5 points lower (95% CI −5.57, −1.46) than food-secure adults (p = 0.001). Adults from households experiencing food insecurity, when compared to those who were food-secure, had several lower DGI component scores including for dietary variety (1.6 vs. 2.3, p = 0.009), fruit (3.8 vs. 5.0, p = 0.001) and vegetables (3.7 vs. 4.4, p = 0.010). Adults from food-insecure households consumed on average more carbohydrates (45.6 vs. 43.3, p = 0.004) and total sugar (21.8 vs. 19.0, p = 0.003) as a percentage of daily energy and less protein (18.5 vs. 17.2, p = 0.004), mono-unsaturated fats (11.2 vs. 11.8, p = 0.026) as a percentage of daily energy, and fibre (20.1 vs. 23.0, p = 0.003), than food-secure adults. Sub-optimal diet may be one of the contributing factors to, or outcomes of, poorer health in food-insecure populations. Food security interventions are required to better address nutrition in food-insecure households and should be tailored to the health and socio-demographic characteristics of this population.
Publisher: MDPI AG
Date: 04-02-2022
Abstract: Dietary patterns examine the combinations, types and quantities of foods consumed in the diet. Compared to in idual nutrients, dietary patterns may be better associated with cancer-related malnutrition, low muscle mass and sarcopenia. This scoping review identified associations between dietary patterns, assessed using data-driven methods (i.e., statistical methods used to derive existing dietary patterns) and hypothesis-orientated methods (i.e., adherence to diet quality indices), and malnutrition, low muscle (lean) mass and sarcopenia. MEDLINE, Embase and CINAHL databases were searched up to September 2021. Of the 3341 studies identified, seven studies were eligible for review. Study designs included experimental (n = 5) and observational (n = 2), and people with prostate, ovarian and endometrial, bladder, breast, and gastrointestinal cancers. One study used data-driven methods to derive dietary patterns, finding adherence to a ‘fat and fish’ diet was associated with lower odds of low muscle mass. Two studies examined adherence to hypothesis-orientated methods including the Mediterranean Diet Adherence Screener and Healthy Eating Index 2010 and four studies used ‘non-traditional’ approaches to analyse dietary patterns. Hypothesis-orientated dietary patterns, developed to improve general health and prevent chronic disease, and ‘non-traditional’ dietary patterns demonstrated inconsistent effects on muscle (lean) mass. All studies investigated muscle (lean) mass, omitting malnutrition and sarcopenia as cancer-related outcomes. This scoping review highlights the limited research examining the effect of dietary patterns on cancer-related outcomes.
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 11-2013
DOI: 10.1016/J.NUMECD.2012.12.002
Abstract: Arterial stiffness is an independent predictor of cardiovascular disease (CVD) events and all-cause mortality and may be differentially affected by dietary fatty acid (FA) intake. The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between FA consumption and arterial stiffness and blood pressure in a community-based population. The Caerphilly Prospective Study recruited 2398 men, aged 45-59 years, who were followed up at 5-year intervals for a mean of 17.8-years (n 787). A semi-quantitative food frequency questionnaire estimated intakes of total, saturated, mono- and poly-unsaturated fatty acids (SFA, MUFA, PUFA). Multiple regression models investigated associations between intakes of FA at baseline with aortic pulse wave velocity (aPWV), augmentation index (AIx), systolic and diastolic blood pressure (SBP, DBP) and pulse pressure after a 17.8-year follow-up--as well as cross-sectional relationships with metabolic markers. After adjustment, higher SFA consumption at baseline was associated with higher SBP (P = 0.043) and DBP (P = 0.002) and after a 17.8-year follow-up was associated with a 0.51 m/s higher aPWV (P = 0.006). After adjustment, higher PUFA consumption at baseline was associated with lower SBP (P = 0.022) and DBP (P = 0.036) and after a 17.8-year follow-up was associated with a 0.63 m/s lower aPWV (P = 0.007). This study suggests that consumption of SFA and PUFA have opposing effects on arterial stiffness and blood pressure. Importantly, this study suggests that consumption of FA is an important risk factor for arterial stiffness and CVD.
Publisher: JMIR Publications Inc.
Date: 05-02-2016
DOI: 10.2196/JMIR.5198
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 12-2022
Publisher: Oxford University Press (OUP)
Date: 04-2014
DOI: 10.2527/AF.2014-0009
Publisher: Oxford University Press (OUP)
Date: 14-08-2016
DOI: 10.1093/IJE/DYW186
Abstract: Optimal nutritional choices are linked with better health, but many current interventions to improve diet have limited effect. We tested the hypothesis that providing personalized nutrition (PN) advice based on information on in idual diet and lifestyle, phenotype and/or genotype would promote larger, more appropriate, and sustained changes in dietary behaviour. : Adults from seven European countries were recruited to an internet-delivered intervention (Food4Me) and randomized to: (i) conventional dietary advice (control) or to PN advice based on: (ii) in idual baseline diet (iii) in idual baseline diet plus phenotype (anthropometry and blood biomarkers) or (iv) in idual baseline diet plus phenotype plus genotype (five diet-responsive genetic variants). Outcomes were dietary intake, anthropometry and blood biomarkers measured at baseline and after 3 and 6 months' intervention. At baseline, mean age of participants was 39.8 years (range 18-79), 59% of participants were female and mean body mass index (BMI) was 25.5 kg/m 2 . From the enrolled participants, 1269 completed the study. Following a 6-month intervention, participants randomized to PN consumed less red meat [-5.48 g, (95% confidence interval:-10.8,-0.09), P = 0.046], salt [-0.65 g, (-1.1,-0.25), P = 0.002] and saturated fat [-1.14 % of energy, (-1.6,-0.67), P < 0.0001], increased folate [29.6 µg, (0.21,59.0), P = 0.048] intake and had higher Healthy Eating Index scores [1.27, (0.30, 2.25), P = 0.010) than those randomized to the control arm. There was no evidence that including phenotypic and phenotypic plus genotypic information enhanced the effectiveness of the PN advice. Among European adults, PN advice via internet-delivered intervention produced larger and more appropriate changes in dietary behaviour than a conventional approach.
Publisher: MDPI AG
Date: 06-01-2018
DOI: 10.3390/NU10010049
Publisher: Cambridge University Press (CUP)
Date: 08-08-2016
DOI: 10.1017/S1368980016001932
Abstract: To characterise clusters of in iduals based on adherence to dietary recommendations and to determine whether changes in Healthy Eating Index (HEI) scores in response to a personalised nutrition (PN) intervention varied between clusters. Food4Me study participants were clustered according to whether their baseline dietary intakes met European dietary recommendations. Changes in HEI scores between baseline and month 6 were compared between clusters and stratified by whether in iduals received generalised or PN advice. Pan-European, Internet-based, 6-month randomised controlled trial. Adults aged 18–79 years ( n 1480). In iduals in cluster 1 (C1) met all recommended intakes except for red meat, those in cluster 2 (C2) met two recommendations, and those in cluster 3 (C3) and cluster 4 (C4) met one recommendation each. C1 had higher intakes of white fish, beans and lentils and low-fat dairy products and lower percentage energy intake from SFA ( P ·05). C2 consumed less chips and pizza and fried foods than C3 and C4 ( P ·05). C1 were lighter, had lower BMI and waist circumference than C3 and were more physically active than C4 ( P ·05). More in iduals in C4 were smokers and wanted to lose weight than in C1 ( P ·05). In iduals who received PN advice in C4 reported greater improvements in HEI compared with C3 and C1 ( P ·05). The cluster where the fewest recommendations were met (C4) reported greater improvements in HEI following a 6-month trial of PN whereas there was no difference between clusters for those randomised to the Control, non-personalised dietary intervention.
Publisher: Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)
Date: 07-06-2022
Abstract: Although the impact of dietary fats on cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk is widely researched, longitudinal associations between dietary patterns (DPs) based on fat type and early markers of CVD risk remain unclear. UK Biobank participants (46.9% men, mean age 55 years) with data on early markers of CVD risk (n=12 706) were followed longitudinally (2014–2020 mean 8.4 years). Two DPs (DP1, DP2) were derived using reduced rank regression (response variables: monounsaturated fat, polyunsaturated fat, and saturated fat based on two 24‐hour dietary assessments. Multivariable logistic and linear regression were used to investigate associations between DPs and odds of elevated CVD risk (using the nonlaboratory Framingham Risk Score) and changes in early CVD markers, respectively. DP1 (characterized by higher nuts and seeds and lower fruit and legumes intake) was positively correlated with saturated fat, monounsaturated fat, and polyunsaturated fat DP2 (characterized by higher butter and high‐fat cheese, lower nuts and seeds intake) was positively correlated with saturated fat and negatively with polyunsaturated fat and monounsaturated fat. DP2 was associated with slightly higher odds of elevated CVD risk (odds ratio, 1.04 [95% CI, 1.00–1.07]). DP1 was associated with higher diastolic blood pressure (β, 0.20 [95% CI, 0.01–0.37]) and lower cardiac index (β, −0.02 [95% CI, −0.04 to −0.01]) DP2 was associated with higher carotid intima medial thickness (β, 1.80 [95% CI, 0.01–3.59]) and lower left ventricular ejection fraction (β, −0.15 [95% CI, −0.24 to −0.07]) and cardiac index (β, −0.01 [95% CI, −0.02 to −0.01]). This study suggests small but statistically significant associations between DPs based on fat type and some early markers of CVD risk. Further research is needed to confirm these associations.
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 27-02-2016
DOI: 10.1002/OBY.21422
Abstract: To examine whether the effect of FTO loci on obesity-related traits could be modified by physical activity (PA) levels in European adults. Of 1,607 Food4Me participants randomized, 1,280 were genotyped for FTO (rs9939609) and had available PA data. PA was measured objectively using accelerometers (TracmorD, Philips), whereas anthropometric measures [BMI and waist circumference (WC)] were self-reported via the Internet. FTO genotype was associated with a higher body weight [β: 1.09 kg per risk allele, (95% CI: 0.14-2.04), P = 0.024], BMI [β: 0.54 kg m(-2) , (0.23-0.83), P < 0.0001], and WC [β: 1.07 cm, (0.24-1.90), P = 0.011]. Moderate-equivalent PA attenuated the effect of FTO on BMI (P[interaction] = 0.020). Among inactive in iduals, FTO increased BMI by 1.06 kg m(-2) per allele (P = 0.024), whereas the increase in BMI was substantially attenuated among active in iduals (0.16 kg m(-2) , P = 0.388). We observed similar effects for WC (P[interaction] = 0.005): the FTO risk allele increased WC by 2.72 cm per allele among inactive in iduals but by only 0.49 cm in active in iduals. PA attenuates the effect of FTO genotype on BMI and WC. This may have important public health implications because genetic susceptibility to obesity in the presence of FTO variants may be reduced by adopting a physically active lifestyle.
Publisher: Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)
Date: 2013
DOI: 10.1161/HYPERTENSIONAHA.111.00026
Abstract: Arterial stiffness is an independent predictor of cardiovascular disease events and mortality, and like blood pressure, may be influenced by dairy food intake. Few studies have investigated the effects of consumption of these foods on prospective measures of arterial stiffness. The present analysis aimed to investigate the prospective relationship between milk, cheese, cream, and butter consumption and aortic pulse wave velocity, augmentation index, systolic and diastolic blood pressure, as well as cross-sectional relationships between these foods and systolic and diastolic blood pressure and metabolic markers using data from the Caerphilly Prospective Study. Included in this cohort were 2512 men, aged 45 to 59 years, who were followed up at 5-year intervals for a mean of 22.8 years (number follow-up 787). Augmentation index was 1.8% lower in subjects in the highest quartiles of dairy product intake compared with the lowest ( P trend=0.021), whereas in the highest group of milk consumption systolic blood pressure was 10.4 mm Hg lower ( P trend=0.033) than in nonmilk consumers after a 22.8-year follow-up. Cross-sectional analyses indicated that across increasing quartiles of butter intake, insulin ( P trend=0.011), triacylglycerol ( P trend=0.023), total cholesterol ( P trend=0.002), and diastolic blood pressure ( P trend=0.027) were higher. Across increasing groups of milk intake and quartiles of dairy product intake, glucose ( P trend=0.032) and triglyceride concentrations ( P trend=0.031) were lower, respectively. The present results confirm that consumption of milk predicts prospective blood pressure, whereas dairy product consumption, excluding butter, is not detrimental to arterial stiffness and metabolic markers. Further research is needed to better understand the mechanisms that underpin these relationships.
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 06-12-2021
DOI: 10.1007/S00394-021-02758-Y
Abstract: To derive dietary patterns based on dietary energy density (DED), free sugars, SFA, and fiber and investigate association with odds of overweight/obesity in young adults. Cross-sectional data from 625 young Australian adults (18–30 years) were used. Dietary patterns were derived using reduced rank regression based on dietary data from a smartphone food diary using DED, free sugars, SFA, and fiber density as response variables. Multivariable logistic regression was used to investigate associations between dietary patterns and odds of self-reported overweight/obesity (BMI ≥ 25 kg/m 2 ). Two dietary patterns were identified (DP1 and DP2). DP-1 was positively correlated with DED, free sugars, and SFA, and inversely correlated with fiber density. It was characterized by higher sugar-sweetened beverages intake and lower vegetable intake, and associated with higher odds of overweight/obesity (OR: 1.22 95% CI 1.05, 1.42). DP-2 was positively correlated with fiber density and free sugars, and inversely correlated with DED and SFA. It was characterized by higher sugar-sweetened beverages intake and lower non-lean red meat intake, and was not significantly associated with overweight/obesity. An energy-dense dietary pattern high in free sugars and SFA and low in fiber was associated with higher odds of obesity in young adults. These findings support dietary interventions that target reductions in energy-dense foods and sugar-sweetened beverages.
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 05-2016
Publisher: Elsevier
Date: 2014
Publisher: MDPI AG
Date: 27-11-2021
DOI: 10.3390/NU13124283
Abstract: To examine associations of unhealthy lifestyle and genetics with risk of all-cause mortality, cardiovascular disease (CVD) mortality, myocardial infarction (MI) and stroke. We used data on 76,958 adults from the UK Biobank prospective cohort study. Favourable lifestyle included no overweight/obesity, not smoking, physical activity, not sedentary, healthy diet and adequate sleep. A Polygenic Risk Score (PRS) was derived using 300 CVD-related single nucleotide polymorphisms. Cox proportional hazard ratios (HR) were used to model effects of lifestyle and PRS on risk of CVD and all-cause mortality, stroke and MI. New CVD (n = 364) and all-cause (n = 2408) deaths, and stroke (n = 748) and MI (n = 1140) events were observed during a 7.8 year mean follow-up. An unfavourable lifestyle (0–1 healthy behaviours) was associated with higher risk of all-cause mortality (HR: 2.06 95% CI: 1.73, 2.45), CVD mortality (HR: 2.48 95% CI: 1.64, 3.76), MI (HR: 2.12 95% CI: 1.65, 2.72) and stroke (HR:1.74 95% CI: 1.25, 2.43) compared to a favourable lifestyle (≥4 healthy behaviours). PRS was associated with MI (HR: 1.35 95% CI: 1.27, 1.43). There was evidence of a lifestyle-genetics interaction for stroke (p = 0.017). Unfavourable lifestyle behaviours predicted higher risk of all-cause mortality, CVD mortality, MI and stroke, independent of genetic risk.
Publisher: figshare
Date: 2021
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 08-2019
DOI: 10.1016/J.AMEPRE.2019.03.024
Abstract: This study tested the hypothesis that providing personalized nutritional advice and feedback more frequently would promote larger, more appropriate, and sustained changes in dietary behavior as well as greater reduction in adiposity. A 6-month RCT (Food4Me) was conducted in seven European countries between 2012 and 2013. A total of 1,125 participants were randomized to Lower- (n=562) or Higher- (n=563) Frequency Feedback groups. Participants in the Lower-Frequency group received personalized nutritional advice at baseline and at Months 3 and 6 of the intervention, whereas the Higher-Frequency group received personalized nutritional advice at baseline and at Months 1, 2, 3 and 6. The primary outcomes were change in dietary intake (at food and nutrient levels) and obesity-related traits (body weight, BMI, and waist circumference). Participants completed an online Food Frequency Questionnaire to estimate usual dietary intake at baseline and at Months 3 and 6 of the intervention. Overall diet quality was evaluated using the 2010 Healthy Eating Index. Obesity-related traits were self-measured and reported by participants via the Internet. Statistical analyses were performed during the first quarter of 2018. At 3 months, participants in the Lower- and Higher-Frequency Feedback groups showed improvements in Healthy Eating Index score this improvement was larger in the Higher-Frequency group than the Lower-Frequency group (Δ=1.84 points, 95% CI=0.79, 2.89, p=0.0001). Similarly, there were greater improvements for the Higher- versus Lower-Frequency group for body weight (Δ= -0.73 kg, 95% CI= -1.07, -0.38, p<0.0001), BMI (Δ= -0.24 kg/m At 3 months, higher-frequency feedback produced larger improvements in overall diet quality as well as in body weight and waist circumference than lower-frequency feedback. However, only body weight and BMI remained significant at 6 months. This study is registered at www.clinicaltrials.gov NCT01530139.
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 05-2014
DOI: 10.1016/J.ATHEROSCLEROSIS.2014.02.015
Abstract: Dairy intake, despite its high saturated fatty acid (SFA) content, is associated with a lower risk of cardiovascular disease and diabetes. This in vitro study determined the effect of in idual fatty acids (FA) found in dairy, and FA mixtures representative of a high SFA and a low SFA dairy lipid on markers of endothelial function in healthy and type II diabetic aortic endothelial cells. Cells were incubated for 24 h with FA mixtures (400 μM) and in idual FA: oleic acid (OA 150 μM) palmitic acid (PA 150 μM) stearic acid (SA: 40 μM) trans-palmitelaidic acid (trans-PA 20 μM) trans-vaccenic acid (trans-VA 20 μM) α-linolenic acid (ALA 20 μM) and linoleic acid (LA 20 μM). Cellular adhesion molecules (sICAM-1, sVCAM-1 and sE-selectin) and nitric oxide (NO) were measured using ELISA and a chemiluminescent-based assay, respectively. Relative gene expression of these markers, including the insulin receptor, was performed using real-time PCR as well as FA compositions of cell pellets by gas chromatography. FA mixtures affected sE-selectin concentrations (P = 0.008), with concentrations lower following the high SFA compared to the low SFA mixture (P = 0.004), while NO concentrations were higher in diabetic compared to healthy cells (P = 0.029). In idual FA affected NO (P = 0.007) and sE-selectin (P = 0.040) concentrations with an increase following PA incubation relative to all other FA treatments (P < 0.05). PA increased sE-selectin compared with other FA treatments (P < 0.05). sE-selectin concentrations were also higher in healthy compared to diabetic cells (P = 0.023). Expression of ICAM-1 and insulin receptor was up-regulated in healthy compared to diabetic cells (P = 0.014 and P = 0.006 respectively). Healthy and type II diabetic cells respond differently to incubation with FA treatments. Overall, physiological concentrations of dairy FA, but not dairy FA mixtures, substantially affected markers of endothelial function.
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 09-2016
Abstract: The apolipoprotein E (APOE) risk allele (ɛ4) is associated with higher total cholesterol (TC), lified response to saturated fatty acid (SFA) reduction, and increased cardiovascular disease. Although knowledge of gene risk may enhance dietary change, it is unclear whether ɛ4 carriers would benefit from gene-based personalized nutrition (PN). The aims of this study were to 1) investigate interactions between APOE genotype and habitual dietary fat intake and modulations of fat intake on metabolic outcomes 2) determine whether gene-based PN results in greater dietary change than do standard dietary advice (level 0) and nongene-based PN (levels 1-2) and 3) assess the impact of knowledge of APOE risk (risk: E4+, nonrisk: E4-) on dietary change after gene-based PN (level 3). In iduals (n = 1466) recruited into the Food4Me pan-European PN dietary intervention study were randomly assigned to 4 treatment arms and genotyped for APOE (rs429358 and rs7412). Diet and dried blood spot TC and ω-3 (n-3) index were determined at baseline and after a 6-mo intervention. Data were analyzed with the use of adjusted general linear models. Significantly higher TC concentrations were observed in E4+ participants than in E4- (P < 0.05). Although there were no significant differences in APOE response to gene-based PN (E4+ compared with E4-), both groups had a greater reduction in SFA (percentage of total energy) intake than at level 0 (mean ± SD: E4+, -0.72% ± 0.35% compared with -1.95% ± 0.45%, P = 0.035 E4-, -0.31% ± 0.20% compared with -1.68% ± 0.35%, P = 0.029). Gene-based PN was associated with a smaller reduction in SFA intake than in nongene-based PN (level 2) for E4- participants (-1.68% ± 0.35% compared with -2.56% ± 0.27%, P = 0.025). The APOE ɛ4 allele was associated with higher TC. Although gene-based PN targeted to APOE was more effective in reducing SFA intake than standard dietary advice, there was no difference between APOE "risk" and "nonrisk" groups. Furthermore, disclosure of APOE nonrisk may have weakened dietary response to PN. This trial was registered at clinicaltrials.gov as NCT01530139.
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 12-03-2016
Publisher: figshare
Date: 2021
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 04-2023
Publisher: figshare
Date: 2021
Publisher: figshare
Date: 2021
Publisher: American Dairy Science Association
Date: 2019
Abstract: Isoenergetic replacement of dietary saturated fatty acids (SFA) with cis-monounsaturated fatty acids (MUFA) and polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) can reduce cardiovascular disease risk. Supplementing dairy cow diets with plant oils lowers milk fat SFA concentrations. However, this feeding strategy can also increase milk fat trans fatty acids (FA) and negatively affect rumen fermentation. Protection of oil supplements from the rumen environment is therefore needed. In the present study a whey protein gel (WPG) of rapeseed oil (RO) was produced for feeding to dairy cows, in 2 experiments. In experiment 1, four multiparous Holstein-Friesian cows in mid-lactation were used in a change-over experiment, with 8-d treatment periods separated by a 5-d washout period. Total mixed ration diets containing 420 g of RO or WPG providing 420 g of RO were fed and the effects on milk production, composition, and FA concentration were measured. Experiment 2 involved 4 multiparous mid-lactation Holstein-Friesian cows in a 4 × 4 Latin square design experiment, with 28-d periods, to investigate the effect of incremental dietary inclusion (0, 271, 617, and 814 g/d supplemental oil) of WPG on milk production, composition, and FA concentration in the last week of each period. Whey protein gel had minimal effects on milk FA profile in experiment 1, but trans-18:1 and total trans-MUFA were higher after 8 d of supplementation with RO than with WPG. Incremental diet inclusion of WPG in experiment 2 resulted in linear increases in milk yield, cis- and trans-MUFA and PUFA, and linear decreases in SFA (from 73 to 58 g/100 g of FA) and milk fat concentration. The WPG supplement was effective at decreasing milk SFA concentration by replacement with MUFA and PUFA in experiment 2, but the increase in trans FA suggested that protection was incomplete.
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 12-02-2018
Publisher: Elsevier
Date: 2017
Publisher: figshare
Date: 2021
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 11-2013
DOI: 10.1016/J.FOODCHEM.2013.02.116
Abstract: Milk and dairy products are major sources of fat in the human diet, but there are few detailed reports on the fatty acid composition of retail milk, trans fatty acids in particular, and how these change throughout the year. Semi-skimmed milk was collected monthly for one year from five supermarkets and analysed for fatty acid composition. Relative to winter, milk sold in the summer contained lower total saturated fatty acid (SFA 67 vs 72 g/100g fatty acids) and higher cis-monounsaturated fatty acid (MUFA 23 vs 21 g/100g fatty acids) and total trans fatty acid (6.5 vs 4.5 g/100g fatty acids) concentrations. Concentrations of most trans-18:1 and -18:2 isomers also exhibited seasonal variation. Results were applied to national dietary intakes, and indicated that monthly variation in the fatty acid composition of milk available at retail has limited influence on total dietary fatty acid consumption by UK adults.
Publisher: MDPI AG
Date: 09-10-2020
DOI: 10.3390/NU12103078
Abstract: The degree to which foods are liked or disliked is associated with dietary intake and health behaviours. However, most food liking research has focused on single foods and nutrients and few studies have examined associations with demographics and health behaviours. Thus, this study aimed to investigate the association between food liking and socio-demographics, health behaviours, diet quality and body mass index (BMI) in a s le of young Australian adults. Data from 1728 undergraduate students (21.8 (standard deviation [SD] 6.0) years 76% female) were used. Food liking scores and a diet quality index (Dietary Guideline Index, DGI) were estimated from a Food Liking Questionnaire and Food Frequency Questionnaire (FFQ), respectively. Multivariate linear regression analyses were used to assess the association between food liking and correlates. Young adults with higher liking for encouraged core foods were older, female, did their own food shopping, consumed less packaged foods and had better diet quality. Higher liking for discretionary foods and beverages was associated with less healthy behaviours, such as smoking, higher BMI and lower diet quality. These results suggest that food liking measures may offer an appropriate methodology for understanding influences on young adults’ food choices, adding to the body of literature investigating the potential for food liking scores to assess diet–disease relationships.
Publisher: Cambridge University Press (CUP)
Date: 19-10-2023
Publisher: figshare
Date: 2021
Publisher: Cambridge University Press (CUP)
Date: 2012
Publisher: Cambridge University Press (CUP)
Date: 25-01-2017
DOI: 10.1017/S0007114516004505
Abstract: Evidence linking dietary patterns (DP) and obesity and hypertension prevalence is inconsistent. We aimed to identify DP derived from energy density, fibre and sugar intakes, as well as Na, K, fibre, SFA and PUFA, and investigate associations with obesity and hypertension. Adults ( n 4908) were included from the cross-sectional Australian Health Survey 2011–2013. Two 24-h dietary recalls estimated food and nutrient intakes. Reduced rank regression derived DP with dietary energy density (DED), fibre density and total sugar intake as response variables for obesity and Na:K, SFA:PUFA and fibre density as variables for hypertension. Poisson regression investigated relationships between DP and prevalence ratios (PR) of overweight/obesity (BMI≥25 kg/m 2 ) and hypertension (blood pressure≥140/90 mmHg). Obesity-DP1 was positively correlated with fibre density and sugars and inversely with DED. Obesity-DP2 was positively correlated with sugars and inversely with fibre density. In iduals in the highest tertile of Obesity-DP1 and Obesity-DP2, compared with the lowest, had lower (PR 0·88 95 % CI 0·81, 0·95) and higher (PR 1·09 95 % CI 1·01, 1·18) prevalence of obesity, respectively. Na:K and SFA:PUFA were positively correlated with Hypertension-DP1 and inversely correlated with Hypertension-DP2, respectively. There was a trend towards higher hypertension prevalence in the highest tertile of Hypertension-DP1 compared with the lowest (PR 1·18 95 % CI 0·99, 1·41). Hypertension-DP2 was not associated with hypertension. Obesity prevalence was inversely associated with low-DED, high-fibre and high-sugar (natural sugars) diets and positively associated with low-fibre and high-sugar (added sugars) diets. Hypertension prevalence was higher on low-fibre and high-Na and SFA diets.
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 27-03-2023
DOI: 10.1186/S12966-023-01439-9
Abstract: Digital interventions may help address low vegetable intake in adults, however there is limited understanding of the features that make them effective. We systematically reviewed digital interventions to increase vegetable intake to 1) describe the effectiveness of the interventions 2) examine links between effectiveness and use of co-design, personalisation, behavioural theories, and/or a policy framework and 3) identify other features that contribute to effectiveness. A systematic search strategy was used to identify eligible studies from MEDLINE, Embase, PsycINFO, Scopus, CINAHL, Cochrane Library, INFORMIT, IEEE Xplore and Clinical Trial Registries, published between January 2000 and August 2022. Digital interventions to increase vegetable intake were included, with effective interventions identified based on statistically significant improvement in vegetable intake. To identify policy-action gaps, studies were mapped across the three domains of the NOURISHING framework (i.e., behaviour change communication, food environment, and food system). Risk of bias was assessed using Cochrane tools for randomized, cluster randomized and non-randomized trials. Of the 1,347 records identified, 30 studies were included. Risk of bias was high or serious in most studies ( n = 25/30 83%). Approximately one quarter of the included interventions ( n = 8) were effective at improving vegetable intake. While the features of effective and ineffective interventions were similar, embedding of behaviour change theories (89% vs 61%) and inclusion of stakeholders in the design of the intervention (50% vs 38%) were more common among effective interventions. Only one (ineffective) intervention used true co-design. Although fewer effective interventions included personalisation (67% vs 81%), the degree of personalisation varied considerably between studies. All interventions mapped across the NOURISHING framework behaviour change communication domain, with one ineffective intervention also mapping across the food environment domain. Few digital interventions identified in this review were effective for increasing vegetable intake. Embedding behaviour change theories and involving stakeholders in intervention design may increase the likelihood of success. The under-utilisation of comprehensive co-design methods presents an opportunity to ensure that personalisation approaches better meet the needs of target populations. Moreover, future digital interventions should address both behaviour change and food environment influences on vegetable intake.
Publisher: figshare
Date: 2021
Publisher: figshare
Date: 2021
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 10-2016
Abstract: Skipping breakfast is associated with poorer diet quality among adults, but evidence of associations for other eating patterns [e.g., eating occasion (EO), meal, or snack frequency] is equivocal. An understanding of how eating patterns are associated with diet quality is needed to inform population-level dietary recommendations. We aimed in this cross-sectional study to determine the relation between frequency of meals, snacks, and all EOs with nutrient intakes and diet quality in a representative s le of Australian adults. Dietary data for 5242 adults aged ≥19 y collected via two 24-h recalls during the 2011-2012 National Nutrition and Physical Activity Survey were analyzed. EO, meal, and snack frequency was calculated. Adherence to recommendations for healthy eating was assessed with the use of the 2013 Dietary Guidelines Index (DGI) and its subcomponents. Linear regression, adjusted for covariates and energy misreporting, was used to examine associations between eating patterns, energy-adjusted nutrient intakes, and the DGI-2013. The frequency of meals, but not of snacks, was positively associated with micronutrient intakes, overall diet quality [men: β = 5.6 (95% CI: 3.9, 7.3) women: β = 4.1 (95% CI: 2.2, 5.9) P < 0.001], and DGI-2013 component scores for cereals, lean meat and alternatives, and alcohol intake (P < 0.05). A higher frequency of all EOs, meals, and snacks was positively associated with DGI-2013 scores for food variety, fruits, and dairy foods (P < 0.05). Conversely, a higher snack frequency was associated with a lower compliance with guidelines for discretionary foods and added sugars among men (P < 0.05). These findings suggest that meal frequency is an important determinant of nutrient intakes and diet quality in Australian adults. Inconsistent associations for snack frequency suggest that the quality of snack choices is variable. More research examining the dietary profiles of eating patterns and their relations with diet quality is needed to inform the development of meal-based guidelines and messages that encourage healthy eating.
Publisher: Cambridge University Press (CUP)
Date: 12-06-2019
Publisher: figshare
Date: 2021
Publisher: figshare
Date: 2021
Publisher: figshare
Date: 2021
Publisher: figshare
Date: 2021
Publisher: JMIR Publications Inc.
Date: 10-08-2017
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 03-2022
DOI: 10.1093/JN/NXAB386
Abstract: Examining a variety of diet quality methodologies will inform best practice use of diet quality indices for assessing all-cause and cardiovascular disease (CVD) mortality. To examine the association between 3 diet quality indices (Australian Dietary Guideline Index, DGI Dietary Inflammatory Index, DII Mediterranean-DASH (Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension) Intervention for Neurodegenerative Delay, MIND) and risk of all-cause mortality, CVD mortality, and nonfatal CVD events ≤19 y later. Data on 10,009 adults (mean age 51.8 y 52% female) from the Australian Diabetes, Obesity, and Lifestyle study were used. An FFQ was used to calculate DGI, DII, and MIND at baseline. Cox proportional hazard models were used to estimate HRs and 95% CI of all-cause mortality, CVD mortality, and nonfatal CVD events (stroke myocardial infarction) according to 1 SD increase in diet quality, adjusted for age, sex, education, smoking, physical activity, energy intake, history of stroke or heart attack, and diabetes and hypertension status. Deaths due to all-cause (n = 1955) and CVD (n = 520), and nonfatal CVD events (n = 264) were identified during mean follow-ups of 17.7, 17.4, and 9.6 y, respectively. For all-cause mortality, HRs associated with higher DGI, DII, and MIND were 0.94 (95% CI: 0.89, 0.99), 1.08 (95% CI: 1.02, 1.15), and 0.93 (95% CI: 0.89, 0.98), respectively. For CVD mortality, HRs associated with higher DGI, DII, and MIND were 0.93 (95% CI: 0.85, 0.99), 1.10 (95% CI: 1.00, 1.24), and 0.90 (95% CI: 0.82, 0.98), respectively. There was limited evidence of associations between diet quality and nonfatal CVD events. A better quality diet predicted lower risk of all-cause and CVD mortality in Australian adults, whereas a more inflammatory diet predicted higher mortality risk. These findings highlight the applicability of following Australian dietary guidelines, a Mediterranean-style diet, and a low-inflammatory diet for the reduction of all-cause and CVD mortality risk.
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 02-04-2018
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 06-2023
Publisher: American Dairy Science Association
Date: 06-2015
Abstract: Replacing dietary grass silage (GS) with maize silage (MS) and dietary fat supplements may reduce milk concentration of specific saturated fatty acids (SFA) and can reduce methane production by dairy cows. The present study investigated the effect of feeding an extruded linseed supplement on milk fatty acid (FA) composition and methane production of lactating dairy cows, and whether basal forage type, in diets formulated for similar neutral detergent fiber and starch, altered the response to the extruded linseed supplement. Four mid-lactation Holstein-Friesian cows were fed diets as total mixed rations, containing either high proportions of MS or GS, both with or without extruded linseed supplement, in a 4×4 Latin square design experiment with 28-d periods. Diets contained 500 g of forage/kg of dry matter (DM) containing MS and GS in proportions (DM basis) of either 75:25 or 25:75 for high MS or high GS diets, respectively. Extruded linseed supplement (275 g/kg ether extract, DM basis) was included in treatment diets at 50 g/kg of DM. Milk yields, DM intake, milk composition, and methane production were measured at the end of each experimental period when cows were housed in respiration chambers. Whereas DM intake was higher for the MS-based diet, forage type and extruded linseed had no significant effect on milk yield, milk fat, protein, or lactose concentration, methane production, or methane per kilogram of DM intake or milk yield. Total milk fat SFA concentrations were lower with MS compared with GS-based diets (65.4 vs. 68.4 g/100 g of FA, respectively) and with extruded linseed compared with no extruded linseed (65.2 vs. 68.6 g/100 g of FA, respectively), and these effects were additive. Concentrations of total trans FA were higher with MS compared with GS-based diets (7.0 vs. 5.4 g/100 g of FA, respectively) and when extruded linseed was fed (6.8 vs. 5. 6g/100 g of FA, respectively). Total n-3 FA were higher when extruded linseed was fed compared with no extruded linseed (1.2 vs. 0.8 g/100 g of FA, respectively), whereas total n-6 polyunsaturated FA were higher when feeding MS compared with GS (2.5 vs. 2.1 g/100 g of FA, respectively). Feeding extruded linseed and MS both provided potentially beneficial decreases in SFA concentration of milk, and no significant interactions were found between extruded linseed supplementation and forage type. However, both MS and extruded linseed increased trans FA concentration in milk fat. Neither MS nor extruded linseed had significant effects on methane production or yield, but the amounts of supplemental lipid provided by extruded linseed were relatively small.
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Date: 26-07-2018
DOI: 10.1080/09637486.2018.1492524
Abstract: The objective was to evaluate differences in macronutrient intake and to investigate the possible association between consumption of vegetable protein and the risk of overweight/obesity, within the Food4Me randomised, online intervention. Differences in macronutrient consumption among the participating countries grouped by EU Regions (Western Europe, British Isles, Eastern Europe and Southern Europe) were assessed. Relation of protein intake, within isoenergetic exchange patterns, from vegetable or animal sources with risk of overweight/obesity was assessed through the multivariate nutrient density model and a multivariate-adjusted logistic regression. A total of 2413 subjects who completed the Food4Me screening were included, with self-reported data on age, weight, height, physical activity and dietary intake. As success rates on reducing overweight/obesity are very low, form a public health perspective, the elaboration of policies for increasing intakes of vegetable protein and reducing animal protein and sugars, may be a method of combating overweight/obesity at a population level.
Publisher: MDPI
Date: 29-01-2021
Publisher: Cambridge University Press (CUP)
Date: 13-09-2021
DOI: 10.1017/S1368980021003967
Abstract: To examine how socio-demographic characteristics and diet quality vary with consumption of ultra-processed foods (UPF) in a cross-sectional nationally representative survey of Australian adults. Using a 24-h recall, this cross-sectional analysis of dietary and socio-demographic data classified food items using the NOVA system, estimated the percentage of total energy contributed by UPFs and assessed diet quality using the Dietary Guideline Index (DGI–2013 total and components). Linear regression models examined associations between socio-demographic characteristics and diet quality with percentage of energy from UPF. Australian Health Survey 2011–2013. Australian adults aged ≥ 19 years ( n 8209). Consumption of UPF was higher among younger adults (aged 19–30 years), adults born in Australia, those experiencing greatest area-level disadvantage, lower levels of education and the second lowest household income quintile. No significant association was found for sex or rurality. A higher percentage of energy from UPF was inversely associated with diet quality and with lower DGI scores related to the variety of nutritious foods, fruits, vegetables, total cereals, meat and poultry, fish, eggs, nuts and seeds, legumes/beans, water and limits on discretionary foods, saturated fat and added sugar. This research adds to the evidence on dietary inequalities across Australia and how UPF are detrimental to diet quality. The findings can be used to inform interventions to reduce UPF consumption and improve diet quality.
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 31-07-2018
DOI: 10.1002/IRD.2269
Publisher: figshare
Date: 2021
Publisher: Emerald
Date: 09-07-2022
Abstract: Randomised controlled trials identify causal links between variables but not why an outcome has occurred. This analysis sought to determine how psychological factors assessed at baseline influenced response to personalised nutrition. Web-based, randomised, controlled trial (RCT) was conducted across seven European countries. Volunteers, both male and female, aged over 18 years were randomised to either a non-personalised (control) or a personalised (treatment) dietary advice condition. Linear mixed model analysis with fixed effects was used to compare associations between internal and external health locus of control (HLoC), nutrition self-efficacy (NS-E) and self-report habit index (S-RHI) at baseline ( N = 1444), with healthy eating index (HEI) and Mediterranean diet index (MDI) scores between conditions post-intervention ( N = 763). An increase in MDI scores was observed between baseline and six months in the treatment group which was associated with higher NS-E ( p 0.001), S-RHI ( p 0.001) and external HLoC ( p 0.001). Increase in HEI between baseline and six months in the treatment group was associated with higher NS-E ( p 0.001) and external HLoC ( p = 0.009). Interaction between time and condition indicated increased HEI scores ( p 0.001), which were associated with higher S-RHI scores in the treatment than control group ( p = 0.032). Internal HLoC had no effect on MDI or HEI. Psychological factors associated with behaviour change need consideration when tailoring dietary advice. Those with weaker habit strength will require communication focussed upon establishing dietary habits and support in integrating advised changes into daily routine. Information on habit strength can also be used to inform how progress towards dietary goals is monitored and fed back to the in idual. Those with stronger habit strength are more likely to benefit from personalised nutrition.
Publisher: figshare
Date: 2021
Publisher: figshare
Date: 2021
Publisher: figshare
Date: 2021
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 11-11-2016
Abstract: Little is known about diet- and environment-gene interactions on 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D concentration. This cross-sectional study aimed to investigate (i) predictors of 25(OH)D concentration and relationships with vitamin D genotypes and (ii) whether dietary vitamin D intake and sunlight exposure modified these relationships. Participants from the Food4Me study (n = 1312 age 18-79) were genotyped for vitamin D receptor (VDR) and vitamin D binding protein at baseline and a genetic risk score was calculated. Dried blood spot s les were assayed for 25(OH)D concentration and dietary and lifestyle information collected. Circulating 25(OH)D concentration was lower with increasing genetic risk score, lower in females than males, higher in supplement users than non-users and higher in summer than winter. Carriage of the minor VDR allele was associated with lower 25(OH)D concentration in participants with the least sunlight exposure. Vitamin D genotype did not influence the relationship between vitamin D intake and 25(OH)D concentration. Age, sex, dietary vitamin D intake, country, sunlight exposure, season, and vitamin D genetic risk score were associated with circulating 25(OH)D concentration in a pan-European population. The relationship between VDR genotype and 25(OH)D concentration may be influenced by weekday sunlight exposure but not dietary vitamin D intake.
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 11-2021
DOI: 10.1093/JN/NXAB275
Abstract: The fat type consumed is considered a risk factor for developing obesity and type 2 diabetes (T2D). However, these associations have not been investigated using a dietary patterns approach, which can capture combinations of foods and fat type consumed. This study aimed to investigate associations between dietary patterns with varying proportions of SFAs, MUFAs, or PUFAs and obesity, abdominal obesity, and self-reported T2D incidence. This study included UK Biobank participants with 2 or more 24-h dietary assessments, free from the outcome of interest at recruitment, and with outcome data at follow-up (n = 16,523 mean follow-up: 6.3 y). Reduced rank regression was used to derive dietary patterns with SFAs, MUFAs, and PUFAs (% of energy intake) as response variables. Logistic regression, adjusted for sociodemographic and health characteristics, was used to investigate the associations between dietary patterns and obesity [BMI (kg/m2) ≥30], abdominal obesity (waist circumference men: ≥102 cm women: ≥88 cm) and T2D incidence. Two dietary patterns, DP1 and DP2, were identified: DP1 positively correlated with SFAs (r = 0.48), MUFAs (r = 0.67), and PUFAs (r = 0.56), characterized by higher intake of nuts, seeds, and butter and lower intake of fruit and low-fat yogurt DP2 positively correlated with SFAs (r = 0.76) and negatively with PUFAs (r = -0.64) and MUFAs (r = -0.01), characterized by higher intake of butter and high-fat cheese and lower intake of nuts and seeds. Only DP2 was associated with higher obesity and abdominal obesity incidence (OR: 1.24 95% CI: 1.02, 1.45 and OR: 1.19 95% CI: 1.02, 1.38, respectively). Neither of the dietary patterns was associated with T2D incidence. These findings provide evidence that a dietary pattern characterized by higher SFA and lower PUFA foods is associated with obesity and abdominal obesity incidence, but not T2D.
Publisher: Cambridge University Press (CUP)
Date: 12-2015
DOI: 10.1017/S0007114515004675
Abstract: The interplay between the fat mass- and obesity-associated ( FTO ) gene variants and diet has been implicated in the development of obesity. The aim of the present analysis was to investigate associations between FTO genotype, dietary intakes and anthropometrics among European adults. Participants in the Food4Me randomised controlled trial were genotyped for FTO genotype (rs9939609) and their dietary intakes, and diet quality scores (Healthy Eating Index and PREDIMED-based Mediterranean diet score) were estimated from FFQ. Relationships between FTO genotype, diet and anthropometrics (weight, waist circumference (WC) and BMI) were evaluated at baseline. European adults with the FTO risk genotype had greater WC ( AA v . TT : +1·4 cm P =0·003) and BMI (+0·9 kg/m 2 P =0·001) than in iduals with no risk alleles. Subjects with the lowest fried food consumption and two copies of the FTO risk variant had on average 1·4 kg/m 2 greater BMI ( P trend =0·028) and 3·1 cm greater WC ( P trend =0·045) compared with in iduals with no copies of the risk allele and with the lowest fried food consumption. However, there was no evidence of interactions between FTO genotype and dietary intakes on BMI and WC, and thus further research is required to confirm or refute these findings.
Publisher: Cambridge University Press (CUP)
Date: 2014
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 28-05-2015
DOI: 10.1111/OBR.12290
Abstract: Risk variants of fat mass and obesity-associated (FTO) gene have been associated with increased obesity. However, the evidence for associations between FTO genotype and macronutrient intake has not been reviewed systematically. Our aim was to evaluate the potential associations between FTO genotype and intakes of total energy, fat, carbohydrate and protein. We undertook a systematic literature search in OVID MEDLINE, Scopus, EMBASE and Cochrane of associations between macronutrient intake and FTO genotype in adults. Beta coefficients and confidence intervals (CIs) were used for per allele comparisons. Random-effect models assessed the pooled effect sizes. We identified 56 eligible studies reporting on 213,173 adults. For each copy of the FTO risk allele, in iduals reported 6.46 kcal day(-1) (95% CI: 10.76, 2.16) lower total energy intake (P = 0.003). Total fat (P = 0.028) and protein (P = 0.006), but not carbohydrate intakes, were higher in those carrying the FTO risk allele. After adjustment for body weight, total energy intakes remained significantly lower in in iduals with the FTO risk genotype (P = 0.028). The FTO risk allele is associated with a lower reported total energy intake and with altered patterns of macronutrient intake. Although significant, these differences are small and further research is needed to determine whether the associations are independent of dietary misreporting.
Publisher: figshare
Date: 2021
Publisher: Cambridge University Press (CUP)
Date: 06-08-2012
DOI: 10.1017/S095442241200011X
Abstract: With the substantial economic and social burden of CVD, the need to modify diet and lifestyle factors to reduce risk has become increasingly important. Milk and dairy products, being one of the main contributors to SFA intake in the UK, are a potential target for dietary SFA reduction. Supplementation of the dairy cow's diet with a source of MUFA or PUFA may have beneficial effects on consumers' CVD risk by partially replacing milk SFA, thus reducing entry of SFA into the food chain. A total of nine chronic human intervention studies have used dairy products, modified through bovine feeding, to establish their effect on CVD risk markers. Of these studies, the majority utilised modified butter as their primary test product and used changes in blood cholesterol concentrations as their main risk marker. Of the eight studies that measured blood cholesterol, four reported a significant reduction in total and LDL-cholesterol (LDL-C) following chronic consumption of modified milk and dairy products. Data from one study suggested that a significant reduction in LDL-C could be achieved in both the healthy and hypercholesterolaemic population. Thus, evidence from these studies suggests that consumption of milk and dairy products with modified fatty acid composition, compared with milk and dairy products of typical milk fat composition, may be beneficial to CVD risk in healthy and hypercholesterolaemic in iduals. However, current evidence is insufficient and further work is needed to investigate the complex role of milk and cheese in CVD risk and explore the use of novel markers of CVD risk.
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 12-06-2023
DOI: 10.1186/S12966-023-01477-3
Abstract: Socio-economic position (SEP) in adolescence may influence diet quality over the life course. However, knowledge of whether in idual and environmental determinants of diet quality mediate the longitudinal association between SEP and diet quality is limited. This study examined whether and to what extent food-related capabilities, opportunities and motivations of adolescents mediated the longitudinal association between SEP in adolescence and diet quality in early adulthood overall and by sex. Longitudinal data (annual surveys) from 774 adolescents (16.9 years at baseline 76% female) from ProjectADAPT (T1 (baseline), T2, T3) were used. SEP in adolescence (T1) was operationalized as highest level of parental education and area-level disadvantage (based on postcode). The Capabilities, Opportunities and Motivations for Behaviour (COM-B) model was used as a framework to inform the analysis. Determinants in adolescence (T2) included food-related activities and skills (Capability), home availability of fruit and vegetables (Opportunity) and self-efficacy (Motivation). Diet quality in early adulthood (T3) was calculated using a modified version of the Australian Dietary Guidelines Index based on brief dietary questions on intake of foods from eight food groups. Structural equation modelling was used to estimate the mediating effects of adolescents’ COM-B in associations between adolescent SEP and diet quality in early adulthood overall and by sex. Standardized beta coefficients (β) and robust 95% confidence intervals (CI) were generated, adjusted for confounders (T1 age, sex, diet quality, whether still at school, and living at home) and clustering by school. There was evidence of an indirect effect of area-level disadvantage on diet quality via Opportunity (β: 0.021 95% CI: 0.003 to 0.038), but limited evidence for parental education (β: 0.018 95% CI: -0.003 to 0.039). Opportunity mediated 60.9% of the association between area-level disadvantage and diet quality. There was no evidence of an indirect effect via Capability or Motivation for either area-level disadvantage or parental education, or in males and females separately. Using the COM-B model, the home availability of fruit and vegetables (Opportunity) of adolescents explained a large proportion of the association between area-level disadvantage in adolescence and diet quality in early adulthood. Interventions to address poor diet quality among adolescents with a lower SEP should prioritize environmental determinants of diet quality.
Publisher: Cambridge University Press (CUP)
Date: 20-10-2023
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 07-06-2021
DOI: 10.1186/S12966-021-01136-5
Abstract: The effect of personalised nutrition advice on discretionary foods intake is unknown. To date, two national classifications for discretionary foods have been derived. This study examined changes in intake of discretionary foods and beverages following a personalised nutrition intervention using these two classifications. Participants were recruited into a 6-month RCT across seven European countries (Food4Me) and were randomised to receive generalised dietary advice (control) or one of three levels of personalised nutrition advice (based on diet [L1], phenotype [L2] and genotype [L3]). Dietary intake was derived from an FFQ. An analysis of covariance was used to determine intervention effects at month 6 between personalised nutrition (overall and by levels) and control on i) percentage energy from discretionary items and ii) percentage contribution of total fat, SFA, total sugars and salt to discretionary intake, defined by Food Standards Scotland (FSS) and Australian Dietary Guidelines (ADG) classifications. Of the 1607 adults at baseline, n = 1270 (57% female) completed the intervention. Percentage sugars from FSS discretionary items was lower in personalised nutrition vs control (19.0 ± 0.37 vs 21.1 ± 0.65 P = 0.005). Percentage energy (31.2 ± 0.59 vs 32.7 ± 0.59 P = 0.031), percentage total fat (31.5 ± 0.37 vs 33.3 ± 0.65 P = 0.021), SFA (36.0 ± 0.43 vs 37.8 ± 0.75 P = 0.034) and sugars (31.7 ± 0.44 vs 34.7 ± 0.78 P 0.001) from ADG discretionary items were lower in personalised nutrition vs control. There were greater reductions in ADG percentage energy and percentage total fat, SFA and salt for those randomised to L3 vs L2. Compared with generalised dietary advice, personalised nutrition advice achieved greater reductions in discretionary foods intake when the classification included all foods high in fat, added sugars and salt. Future personalised nutrition approaches may be used to target intake of discretionary foods. Clinicaltrials.gov NCT01530139 . Registered 9 February 2012.
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 10-12-2019
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 10-2016
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 12-2017
Publisher: Oxford University Press (OUP)
Date: 22-07-2003
DOI: 10.1093/BIOINFORMATICS/BTG169
Abstract: Summary: 2HAPI (version 2 of High density Array Pattern Interpreter) is a web-based, publicly-available analytical tool designed to aid researchers in microarray data analysis. 2HAPI includes tools for searching, manipulating, visualizing, and clustering the large sets of data generated by microarray experiments. Other features include association of genes with NCBI information and linkage to external data resources. Unique to 2HAPI is the ability to retrieve upstream sequences of co-regulated genes for promoter analysis using MEME (Multiple Expectation-maximization for Motif Elicitation) Availability: 2HAPI is freely available at array.sdsc.edu. Users can try 2HAPI anonymously with pre-loaded data or they can register as a 2HAPI user and upload their data. Contact: gribskov@sdsc.edu * To whom correspondence should be addressed.
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 16-07-2017
DOI: 10.1002/OBY.21911
Abstract: To investigate associations between a health behavior score and prevalence of hypertension and overweight/obesity. Adults (n = 4,609 19-85 years) were included from the cross-sectional Australian National Nutrition and Physical Activity Survey. A health behavior score was derived based on in iduals meeting recommendations for diet quality, smoking, physical activity, sedentary time, and sleep. Poisson regression estimated the prevalence ratio (PR) of hypertension and overweight/obesity by health behavior score. In iduals meeting three (PR: 0.67, 95% CI: 0.54-0.86 P = 0.001), four (PR: 0.76, 95% CI: 0.59-0.96 P = 0.024), or five (PR: 0.63, 95% CI: 0.43-0.94 P = 0.024) health behavior recommendations had a lower hypertension PR compared with those meeting zero or one recommendation. The PR of overweight/obesity was lower in in iduals meeting three (PR: 0.98, 95% CI: 0.95-1.02 P = 0.019), four (PR: 0.95, 95% CI: 0.91-0.99 P = 0.019), or five (PR: 0.94, 95% CI: 0.90-0.99 P = 0.022) recommendations compared with those meeting zero or one. Hypertension and overweight/obesity prevalence were lower in in iduals who had above-average diet quality, never smoked, were physically active, spent less time sedentary, and got adequate sleep. These findings support a holistic approach to public health recommendations.
Publisher: Cambridge University Press (CUP)
Date: 05-08-2016
DOI: 10.1017/S1368980016002020
Abstract: To characterise participants who dropped out of the Food4Me Proof-of-Principle study. The Food4Me study was an Internet-based, 6-month, four-arm, randomised controlled trial. The control group received generalised dietary and lifestyle recommendations, whereas participants randomised to three different levels of personalised nutrition (PN) received advice based on dietary, phenotypic and/or genotypic data, respectively (with either more or less frequent feedback). Seven recruitment sites: UK, Ireland, The Netherlands, Germany, Spain, Poland and Greece. Adults aged 18–79 years ( n 1607). A total of 337 (21 %) participants dropped out during the intervention. At baseline, dropouts had higher BMI (0·5 kg/m 2 P ·001). Attrition did not differ significantly between in iduals receiving generalised dietary guidelines (Control) and those randomised to PN. Participants were more likely to drop out (OR 95 % CI) if they received more frequent feedback (1·81 1·36, 2·41 P ·001), were female (1·38 1·06, 1·78 P =0·015), less than 45 years old (2·57 1·95, 3·39 P ·001) and obese (2·25 1·47, 3·43 P ·001). Attrition was more likely in participants who reported an interest in losing weight (1·53 1·19, 1·97 P ·001) or skipping meals (1·75 1·16, 2·65 P =0·008), and less likely if participants claimed to eat healthily frequently (0·62 0·45, 0·86 P =0·003). Attrition did not differ between participants receiving generalised or PN advice but more frequent feedback was related to attrition for those randomised to PN interventions. Better strategies are required to minimise dropouts among younger and obese in iduals participating in PN interventions and more frequent feedback may be an unnecessary burden.
Publisher: MDPI AG
Date: 14-11-2017
DOI: 10.3390/NU9111248
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 15-12-2017
DOI: 10.1038/S41430-017-0004-Y
Abstract: To identify predictors of obesity in adults and investigate to what extent these predictors are independent of other major confounding factors. Data collected at baseline from 1441 participants from the Food4Me study conducted in seven European countries were included in this study. A food frequency questionnaire was used to measure dietary intake. Accelerometers were used to assess physical activity levels (PA), whereas participants self-reported their body weight, height and waist circumference via the internet. The main factors associated (p < 0.05) with higher BMI per 1-SD increase in the exposure were age (β:1.11 kg/m These findings are important for public health and suggest that promotion of increased PA, reducing sedentary behaviours and improving the overall quality of dietary patterns are important strategies for addressing the existing obesity epidemic and associated disease burden.
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 10-2022
Publisher: Cambridge University Press (CUP)
Date: 2015
Publisher: BMJ
Date: 06-2023
DOI: 10.1136/BMJOPEN-2022-069475
Abstract: This study sought first to empirically define dietary patterns and to apply the novel Dietary Inflammation Score (DIS) in data from rural and metropolitan populations in Australia, and second to investigate associations with cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk factors. Cross-sectional study. Rural and metropolitan Australia. Adults over the age of 18 years living in rural or metropolitan Australia who participated in the Australian Health survey. A posteriori dietary patterns for participants separated into rural and metropolitan populations using principal component analysis. Secondary outcomes: association of each dietary pattern and DIS with CVD risk factors was explored using logistic regression. The s le included 713 rural and 1185 metropolitan participants. The rural s le was significantly older (mean age 52.7 compared with 48.6 years) and had a higher prevalence of CVD risk factors. Two primary dietary patterns were derived from each population (four in total), and dietary patterns were different between the rural and metropolitan areas. None of the identified patterns were associated with CVD risk factors in metropolitan or rural areas, aside diet pattern 2 being strongly associated with from self-reported ischaemic heart disease (OR 13.90 95% CI 2.29 to 84.3) in rural areas. There were no significant differences between the DIS and CVD risk factors across the two populations, except for a higher DIS being associated with overweight/obesity in rural areas. Exploration of dietary patterns between rural and metropolitan Australia shows differences between the two populations, possibly reflective of distinct cultures, socioeconomic factors, geography, food access and/or food environments in the different areas. Our study provides evidence that action targeting healthier dietary intakes needs to be tailored to rurality in the Australian context.
Publisher: BMJ
Date: 04-2021
DOI: 10.1136/BMJOPEN-2020-045362
Abstract: To examine associations of three diet quality indices and a polygenic risk score with incidence of all-cause mortality, cardiovascular disease (CVD) mortality, myocardial infarction (MI) and stroke. Prospective cohort study. UK Biobank, UK. 77 004 men and women (40–70 years) recruited between 2006 and 2010. A polygenic risk score was created from 300 single nucleotide polymorphisms associated with CVD. Cox proportional HRs were used to estimate independent effects of diet quality and genetic risk on all-cause mortality, CVD mortality, MI and stroke risk. Dietary intake (Oxford WebQ) was used to calculate Recommended Food Score (RFS), Healthy Diet Indicator (HDI) and Mediterranean Diet Score (MDS). New all-cause (n=2409) and CVD (n=364) deaths and MI (n=1141) and stroke (n=748) events were identified during mean follow-ups of 7.9 and 7.8 years, respectively. The adjusted HR associated with one-point higher RFS for all-cause mortality was 0.96 (95% CI: 0.94 to 0.98), CVD mortality was 0.94 (95% CI: 0.90 to 0.98), MI was 0.97 (95% CI: 0.95 to 1.00) and stroke was 0.94 (95% CI: 0.91 to 0.98). The adjusted HR for all-cause mortality associated with one-point higher HDI and MDS was 0.97 (95% CI: 0.93 to 0.99) and 0.95 (95% CI: 0.91 to 0.98), respectively. The adjusted HR associated with one-point higher MDS for stroke was 0.93 (95% CI: 0.87 to 1.00). There was little evidence of associations between HDI and risk of CVD mortality, MI or stroke. There was evidence of an interaction between diet quality and genetic risk score for MI. Higher diet quality predicted lower risk of all-cause mortality, independent of genetic risk. Higher RFS was also associated with lower risk of CVD mortality and MI. These findings demonstrate the benefit of following a healthy diet, regardless of genetic risk.
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 12-2016
Publisher: Cambridge University Press (CUP)
Date: 28-12-2016
DOI: 10.1017/S0007114516004256
Abstract: In idual response to dietary interventions can be highly variable. The phenotypic characteristics of those who will respond positively to personalised dietary advice are largely unknown. The objective of this study was to compare the phenotypic profiles of differential responders to personalised dietary intervention, with a focus on total circulating cholesterol. Subjects from the Food4Me multi-centre study were classified as responders or non-responders to dietary advice on the basis of the change in cholesterol level from baseline to month 6, with lower and upper quartiles defined as responder and non-responder groups, respectively. There were no significant differences between demographic and anthropometric profiles of the groups. Furthermore, with the exception of alcohol, there was no significant difference in reported dietary intake, at baseline. However, there were marked differences in baseline fatty acid profiles. The responder group had significantly higher levels of stearic acid (18 : 0, P =0·034) and lower levels of palmitic acid (16 : 0, P =0·009). Total MUFA ( P =0·016) and total PUFA ( P =0·008) also differed between the groups. In a step-wise logistic regression model, age, baseline total cholesterol, glucose, five fatty acids and alcohol intakes were selected as factors that successfully discriminated responders from non-responders, with sensitivity of 82 % and specificity of 83 %. The successful delivery of personalised dietary advice may depend on our ability to identify phenotypes that are responsive. The results demonstrate the potential use of metabolic profiles in identifying response to an intervention and could play an important role in the development of precision nutrition.
Publisher: MDPI AG
Date: 04-10-2017
DOI: 10.3390/NU9101092
Publisher: JMIR Publications Inc.
Date: 09-04-2018
DOI: 10.2196/RESPROT.8703
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 10-2020
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 2020
Publisher: MDPI AG
Date: 02-08-2019
DOI: 10.3390/NU11081793
Abstract: Personalised nutrition approaches provide healthy eating advice tailored to the nutritional needs of the in idual[...]
Publisher: Cambridge University Press (CUP)
Date: 09-11-2015
DOI: 10.1017/S0007114515004298
Abstract: An efficient and robust method to measure vitamin D (25-hydroxy vitamin D 3 (25(OH)D 3 ) and 25-hydroxy vitamin D 2 in dried blood spots (DBS) has been developed and applied in the pan-European multi-centre, internet-based, personalised nutrition intervention study Food4Me. The method includes calibration with blood containing endogenous 25(OH)D 3 , spotted as DBS and corrected for haematocrit content. The methodology was validated following international standards. The performance characteristics did not reach those of the current gold standard liquid chromatography-MS/MS in plasma for all parameters, but were found to be very suitable for status-level determination under field conditions. DBS s le quality was very high, and 3778 measurements of 25(OH)D 3 were obtained from 1465 participants. The study centre and the season within the study centre were very good predictors of 25(OH)D 3 levels ( P ·001 for each case). Seasonal effects were modelled by fitting a sine function with a minimum 25(OH)D 3 level on 20 January and a maximum on 21 July. The seasonal litude varied from centre to centre. The largest difference between winter and summer levels was found in Germany and the smallest in Poland. The model was cross-validated to determine the consistency of the predictions and the performance of the DBS method. The Pearson’s correlation between the measured values and the predicted values was r 0·65, and the sd of their differences was 21·2 nmol/l. This includes the analytical variation and the biological variation within subjects. Overall, DBS obtained by unsupervised s ling of the participants at home was a viable methodology for obtaining vitamin D status information in a large nutritional study.
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 05-2017
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 09-2023
Publisher: Cambridge University Press (CUP)
Date: 06-07-2023
DOI: 10.1017/S0029665123003580
Abstract: Nutrition scientists are currently facing a substantial challenge: to feed the world population sustainably and ethically while supporting the health of all in iduals, animals and the environment. The Nutrition Society of Australia's 2022 Annual Scientific meeting theme ‘Sustainable nutrition for a healthy life’ was a timely conference focusing on the environmental impact of global, national and local food systems, how nutrition science can promote sustainable eating practices while respecting cultural and culinary ersity and how to ensure optimal nutrition throughout life to prevent and manage chronic diseases. Comprehensive, erse, collaborative and forward-thinking research was presented in a 3 d programme of keynote presentations, oral and poster sessions, breakfast and lunch symposiums, ending with a panel discussion to answer the question of how we can best achieve a nutritious food supply that supports human and planetary health. We concluded that this complex issue necessitates coordinated efforts and multi-faceted responses at local, national and global levels. Collaboration among consumers, scientists, industry and government using a systems approach is vital for finding solutions to this challenge.
Publisher: No publisher found
Date: 2021
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 08-2016
Abstract: Little is known about the efficacy of personalized nutrition (PN) interventions for improving consumption of a Mediterranean diet (MedDiet). The objective was to evaluate the effect of a PN intervention on dietary changes associated with the MedDiet. Participants (n = 1607) were recruited into a 6-mo, Internet-based, PN randomized controlled trial (Food4Me) designed to evaluate the effect of PN on dietary change. Participants were randomly assigned to receive conventional dietary advice [control level 0 (L0)] or PN advice on the basis of current diet [level 1 (L1)], diet and phenotype [level 2 (L2)], or diet, phenotype, and genotype [level 3 (L3)]. Dietary intakes from food-frequency questionnaires at baseline and at 6 mo were converted to a MedDiet score. Linear regression compared participant characteristics between high (>5) and low (≤5) MedDiet scores. Differences in MedDiet scores between treatment arms at month 6 were evaluated by using contrast analyses. At baseline, high MedDiet scorers had a 0.5 lower body mass index (in kg/m(2) P = 0.007) and a 0.03 higher physical activity level (P = 0.003) than did low scorers. MedDiet scores at month 6 were greater in in iduals randomly assigned to receive PN (L1, L2, and L3) than in controls (PN compared with controls: 5.20 ± 0.05 and 5.48 ± 0.07, respectively P = 0.002). There was no significant difference in MedDiet scores at month 6 between PN advice on the basis of L1 compared with L2 and L3. However, differences in MedDiet scores at month 6 were greater in L3 than in L2 (L3 compared with L2: 5.63 ± 0.10 and 5.38 ± 0.10, respectively P = 0.029). Higher MedDiet scores at baseline were associated with healthier lifestyles and lower adiposity. After the intervention, MedDiet scores were greater in in iduals randomly assigned to receive PN than in controls, with the addition of DNA-based dietary advice resulting in the largest differences in MedDiet scores. Although differences were significant, their clinical relevance is modest. This trial was registered at clinicaltrials.gov as NCT01530139.
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 04-2017
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 05-07-2015
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 11-2023
Publisher: Elsevier
Date: 2018
Publisher: Oxford University Press (OUP)
Date: 28-07-2017
Abstract: Sitting behaviours have increased markedly during the last two decades in Chile. However, their associations with health outcomes such as diabetes have not been reported. Therefore, the aim of this study was to investigate the independent association of self-reported sitting time with diabetes-related markers and diabetes prevalence in Chile. This cross-sectional study included participants (aged ≥18 years) from the Chilean National Health Survey 2009-10 (n = 4457). Fasting glucose and haemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) were measured by standardized protocols. The prevalence of type 2 diabetes (T2D) was determined using WHO criteria. Physical activity (PA) and time spent sitting were determined using the Global Physical Activity Questionnaire (GPAQ). The odds ratio for T2D was 1.10 [95% CI: 1.04-1.16, P = 0.002] and 1.08 [1.02-1.14, P = 0.002] per 1 h increase in sitting time in men and women, respectively, independent of age, education, smoking, BMI and total PA. Overall, prevalence of T2D was 10.2 and 17.2% in in iduals classified in the lowest and highest categories of sitting time, respectively. No significant associations were found between sitting time and glucose or HbA1c. Sitting time is positively associated with diabetes risk, independent of socio-demographic, obesity and PA levels, in the Chilean population.
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 09-2022
DOI: 10.1016/J.CLNU.2022.07.005
Abstract: Diet and genetic predisposition to adiposity are independent predictors of body composition, yet few cohort studies have examined the association between overall diet quality indices, genetic risk and body composition. This study examined the prospective association of three diet quality indices and a polygenic risk score (PRS) with trunk fat mass, total fat mass, lean mass and bone mineral content. Adults from UK Biobank cohort were included. Dietary intake was assessed using the Oxford WebQ and three diet quality indices calculated: Recommended Food Score (RFS) Mediterranean Diet Score (MDS) Healthy Diet Indicator (HDI). Bioimpedance data were available for trunk fat, total fat and lean mass (kg). Trunk fat mass (kg), total fat mass (kg) and lean mass (kg) were assessed using bioelectrical impedance (BIA) in 17,478 adults. Bone mineral content (g) was available from dual energy x-ray absorptiometry (DXA) scans in 11,887 participants. Linear regression analyses, adjusted for demographic and lifestyle confounders, were used to estimate prospective associations between each diet quality index and body composition outcomes. A PRS created from 97 adiposity-related single nucleotide polymorphisms was used to examine interaction effects. A total of 17,478 adults (M = 55.9, SD 7.5 years) were followed up for up to 10 years. RFS, HDI and MDS were inversely associated with trunk fat (RFS: B -0.29 95% CI: -0.33, -0.25 HDI: -0.23 -0.27, -0.19 MDS: -0.22 -0.26, -0.18), total fat (RFS: B -0.49 95% CI: -0.56, -0.42 HDI: -0.38 -0.45, -0.32 MDS: -0.38 -0.44, -0.32) and lean (RFS: B -0.10 95% CI: -0.14, -0.06 HDI: -0.07 -0.11, -0.03 MDS: -0.07 -0.11, -0.04) mass. Diet quality was positively associated with bone mineral content (RFS: B 8.23 95% CI: 2.14, 14.3 HDI: 6.77 1.00, 12.5). There was evidence of non-linear associations between diet quality (RFS and HDI only) and trunk fat (p < 0.01) and total fat mass (p < 0.05). There was limited evidence PRS was associated with body composition, with interaction effects of PRS and HDI (p-interaction = 0.039) and MDS (p-interaction = 0.031) on total fat mass. Higher diet quality was associated with lower trunk fat, total fat and lean mass, regardless of the diet quality index examined (RFS, HDI or MDS), while higher diet quality (RFS and HDI only) was associated with higher bone mineral content. The benefit of higher diet quality on reducing total fat mass was most evident in in iduals with higher generic risk of adiposity. These findings underscore the importance of a high-quality diet for maintaining optimal body composition, particularly in in iduals with genetic pre-disposition to adiposity.
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 12-2020
DOI: 10.1186/S12966-020-01059-7
Abstract: The diet of young adults is poor, yet little is known about the relative importance of influences on healthy eating in a decision-making context. The aim of this exploratory study was to understand the relative ranking of influences on meal choices in young adults and to investigate interactions between meal preferences and demographic and health characteristics. Adults aged 18–30 years ( n = 92, mean age: 23.9 (SD 3.4) years) completed an online discrete choice experiment. Participants were presented with 12 choice sets reflecting a typical weekday meal and were asked to choose between four meal options. Each meal consisted of a combination of five meal attributes (preparation time, cost, taste, familiarity and nutrition content) that each had three attribute levels. Data were analysed using conditional logit models. Subgroup analyses were performed by sex, education, income, weight status and meeting fruit and vegetable recommendations. Comparing the highest and lowest attribute levels, meal preferences were higher for better taste (B = 0.38 95% CI: 0.12, 0.63), familiarity (B = 0.37 95% CI: 0.21, 0.54) and nutrition content (B = 1.11 95% CI: 0.81, 1.41) and lower for increased preparation times (B = −0.33 95% CI: − 0.53, − 0.12) and cost (B = −0.50 95% CI: − 0.75, − 0.24). Nutrition content was the most important influence on meal choice. Cost was the second most important, followed by taste, familiarity and preparation time. Compared to males, females had a higher preference for better nutrition content, taste and familiarity and a lower preference for increased cost. Higher educated participants had a higher preference for better nutrition content, familiarity and taste compared to lower educated participants. Young adults who met recommendations for fruit and vegetable intake had a higher preference for better nutrition content compared to participants who did not meet recommendations. Nutrition content was the most important influence on young adults’ meal choices, followed by cost, taste, familiarity and preparation time. Preferences varied by demographics and health characteristics, suggesting that the focus of dietary interventions may benefit from being tailored to specific young adult groups.
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 08-2021
DOI: 10.1093/JN/NXAB106
Abstract: Our understanding of meal choices is limited by methodologies that do not account for the complexity of food choice behaviors. Discrete choice experiments (DCEs) rank choices in a decision-making context. This study aimed to rank the relative importance of influences on meal choices in young adults and examine interactions by subgroups. Adults (18-30 y) living in Australia were recruited via social media to complete an Internet-based DCE and survey. Participants were presented with 12 choice sets about a typical weekday meal, consisting of 5 attributes (taste, preparation time, nutrition content, cost, and quality). Diet quality (Dietary Guideline Index) was calculated from brief dietary questions. Conditional logit models ranked meal attributes, including interactions by sex, education, area-level disadvantage, diet quality, and weight status. In total, 577 adults (46% female, mean ± SD age 23.8 ± 3.8 y) completed the DCE and survey. Nutrition content was the most important influence on meal choice (B: 1.48 95% CI: 1.31, 1.64), followed by cost (B: -0.75 95% CI: -0.87, -0.63), quality (B: 0.58 95% CI: 0.49, 0.67), taste (B: 0.55 95% CI: 0.45, 0.65), and preparation time (B: -0.42 95% CI: -0.52, -0.31). Females, those with higher diet quality, and those with a BMI (in kg/m2) <25 had higher preferences for better nutrition content. Females had higher preferences for better taste and lower preferences for higher-cost meals. Participants with higher education had higher preferences for better nutrition content. Participants living in higher area-level disadvantage areas had higher preferences for longer preparation time. Nutrition content was the most important influence on young adults' meal choices. Preferences differed by sex, socioeconomic position, diet quality, and weight status. Findings show the suitability of DCEs for understanding food choice behaviors in young adults and support the need for meal-based interventions to be tailored according to demographic and health characteristics.
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 21-03-2022
DOI: 10.1007/S00394-022-02858-3
Abstract: High-fat and low-fibre discretionary food intake and FTO genotype are each associated independently with higher risk of obesity. However, few studies have investigated links between obesity and dietary patterns based on discretionary food intake, and the interaction effect of FTO genotype are unknown. Thus, this study aimed to derive dietary patterns based on intake of discretionary foods, saturated fatty acids (SFA) and fibre, and examine cross-sectional associations with BMI and waist circumference (WC), and interaction effects of FTO genotype. Baseline data on 1280 adults from seven European countries were included (the Food4Me study). Dietary intake was estimated from a Food Frequency Questionnaire. Reduced rank regression was used to derive three dietary patterns using response variables of discretionary foods, SFA and fibre density. DNA was extracted from buccal swabs. Anthropometrics were self-measured. Linear regression analyses were used to examine associations between dietary patterns and BMI and WC, with an interaction for FTO genotype. Dietary pattern 1 (positively correlated with discretionary foods and SFA, and inversely correlated with fibre) was associated with higher BMI (β:0.64 95% CI 0.44, 0.84) and WC (β:1.58 95% CI 1.08, 2.07). There was limited evidence dietary pattern 2 (positively correlated with discretionary foods and SFA) and dietary pattern 3 (positively correlated with SFA and fibre) were associated with anthropometrics. FTO risk genotype was associated with higher BMI and WC, with no evidence of a dietary interaction. Consuming a dietary pattern low in discretionary foods and high-SFA and low-fibre foods is likely to be important for maintaining a healthy weight, regardless of FTO predisposition to obesity. Clinicaltrials.gov NCT01530139. Registered 9 February 2012 t2/show/NCT01530139
Publisher: MDPI AG
Date: 13-06-2018
DOI: 10.3390/NU10060758
Publisher: American Dairy Science Association
Date: 05-2013
Abstract: In most Western countries, saturated fatty acid (SFA) intake exceeds recommended levels, which is considered a risk factor for cardiovascular disease (CVD). As milk and dairy products are major contributors to SFA intake in many countries, recent research has focused on sustainable methods of producing milk with a lower saturated fat concentration by altering dairy cow diets. Human intervention studies have shown that CVD risk can be reduced by consuming dairy products with reduced SFA and increased cis-monounsaturated fatty acid (MUFA) concentrations. This milk fatty acid profile can be achieved by supplementing dairy cow diets with cis-MUFA-rich unsaturated oils. However, rumen exposure of unsaturated oils also leads to enhanced milk trans fatty acid (TFA) concentrations. Because of concerns about the effects of TFA consumption on CVD, feeding strategies that increase MUFA concentrations in milk without concomitant increases in TFA concentration are preferred by milk processors. In an attempt to limit TFA production and increase the replacement of SFA by cis-MUFA, a preparation of rumen-protected unsaturated oils was developed using saponification with calcium salts. Four multiparous Holstein-Friesian cows in mid-late lactation were used in a 4 × 4 Latin square design with 21-d periods to investigate the effect of incremental dietary inclusion of a calcium salt of cis-MUFA product (Ca-MUFA 20, 40, and 60 g/kg of dry matter of a maize silage-based diet), on milk production, composition, and fatty acid concentration. Increasing Ca-MUFA inclusion reduced dry matter intake linearly, but no change was observed in estimated ME intake. No change in milk yield was noted, but milk fat and protein concentrations were linearly reduced. Supplementation with Ca-MUFA resulted in a linear reduction in total SFA (from 71 to 52 g/100 g of fatty acids for control and 60 g/kg of dry matter diets, respectively). In addition, concentrations of both cis- and trans-MUFA were increased with Ca-MUFA inclusion, and increases in other biohydrogenation intermediates in milk fat were also observed. The Ca-MUFA supplement was very effective at reducing milk SFA concentration and increasing cis-MUFA concentrations without incurring any negative effects on milk and milk component yields. However, reduced milk fat and protein concentrations, together with increases in milk TFA concentrations, suggest partial dissociation of the calcium salts in the rumen.
Publisher: Cambridge University Press (CUP)
Date: 21-09-2022
DOI: 10.1017/S000711452200304X
Abstract: Changes between diet quality and health-related quality of life (HR-QoL) over 12 years were examined in men and women, in 2844 adults (46 % males mean age 47·3 ( sd 9·7) years) from the Australian Diabetes, Obesity and Lifestyle study with data at baseline, 5 and 12 years. Dietary intake was assessed with a seventy-four-item FFQ. Diet quality was estimated with the Dietary Guideline Index, Mediterranean-Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension Diet Intervention for Neurological Delay Index (MIND) and Dietary Inflammatory Index. HR-QoL in terms of global, physical component summary (PCS) and mental component summary (MCS) was assessed with the Short-Form Health Survey-36. Fixed effects regression models adjusted for confounders were performed. Mean MCS increased from baseline (49·0, sd 9·3) to year 12 (50·7, sd 9·1), whereas mean PCS decreased from baseline (51·7, sd 7·4) to year 12 (49·5, sd 8·6). For the total s le, an improvement in MIND was associated with an improvement in global QoL ( β = 0·28, 95 % CI (0·007, 0·55)). In men, an improvement in MIND was associated with an improvement in global QoL ( β = 0·28, 95 % CI (0·0004, 0·55)). In women, improvement in MIND was associated with improvements in global QoL ( β = 0·62 95 % CI (0·38, 0·85)), MCS ( β = 0·75, 95 % CI (0·29, 1·22)) and PCS ( β = 0·75, 95 % CI (0·29, 1·22)). Positive changes in diet quality were associated with broad improvements in HR-QoL, and most benefits were observed in women when compared to men. These findings support the need for strategies to assist the population in consuming healthy dietary patterns to lead to improvements in HR-QoL.
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 03-2022
DOI: 10.1016/J.JAND.2021.09.018
Abstract: Psychosocial stress and diet quality in idually mediate associations between socioeconomic position (SEP) and health however, it is not known whether they jointly mediate these associations. This is an important question because stress-related unhealthy eating is often invoked as an explanation for diet-related health inequities, particularly among women, seemingly with no empirical justification. This study examined whether psychosocial stress and diet quality jointly mediated associations between SEP and self-rated health in women and men. Multiple mediating pathways were modeled using data from the cross-sectional International Food Policy Study. Data were collected from 5,645 adults (aged 18 years or older) in Canada during 2018 and 2019. Participants reported SEP using indicators of materialist (educational attainment and perceived income adequacy) and psychosocial pathways (subjective social status), along with psychosocial stress, dietary intake (to assess overall diet quality via Healthy Eating Index-2015 scores), and self-rated health. Structural equation modeling modeled pathways linking SEP (ie, educational attainment, perceived income adequacy, and subjective social status) with self-rated health mediated by psychosocial stress and diet quality, stratified by gender. There was no evidence that psychosocial stress and diet quality jointly mediated associations between SEP and self-rated health in women or men. Diet quality mediated associations between educational attainment and self-rated health in women and men, with some evidence that it mediated associations between subjective social status and self-rated health in men (P = 0.051). Psychosocial stress mediated associations between perceived income adequacy and self-rated health in women and men, and between subjective social status and self-rated health in women. Although often invoked as an explanation for diet-related health inequities, stress-related poor diet quality did not mediate associations between SEP and self-rated health in women or men. Psychosocial stress and diet quality in idually mediated some of these associations, with some differences by gender.
Publisher: Cambridge University Press (CUP)
Date: 19-06-2023
DOI: 10.1017/S002966512300304X
Abstract: Indigenous peoples and ethnic minority groups often experience poor diet quality and poor health outcomes. Such inequities may be partially due to nutrition interventions not meeting the unique cultural and linguistic needs of these population groups, which could be achieved using co-creation and/or personalised approaches. Cultural adaptation or tailoring of nutrition interventions has shown promise in improving some aspects of dietary intake, but this requires careful consideration to ensure it does not inadvertently exacerbate dietary inequities. The aim of this narrative review was to examine ex les of cultural adaptations and/or tailoring of public health nutrition interventions that improved the dietary intake and to consider implications for the optimal design and implementation of personalised and precision nutrition interventions. This review identified six ex les of cultural adaptation and/or tailoring of public health nutrition intervention in Indigenous peoples and ethnic minority groups across Australia, Canada and the US. All studies used deep socio-cultural adaptations, such as the use of Indigenous storytelling, and many included surface-level adaptations, such as the use of culturally appropriate imagery in intervention materials. However, it was not possible to attribute any improvements in dietary intake to cultural adaptation and/or tailoring per se , and the minimal reporting on the nature of adaptations limited our ability to determine whether the interventions used true co-creation to design content or were adapted from existing interventions. Findings from this review outline opportunities for personalised nutrition interventions to use co-creation practices to design, deliver and implement interventions in collaboration with Indigenous and ethnic minority groups.
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 17-04-2015
DOI: 10.1007/S00394-015-0897-Y
Abstract: Personalised interventions may have greater potential for reducing the global burden of non-communicable diseases and for promoting better health and well-being across the lifespan than the conventional "one size fits all" approach. However, the characteristics of in iduals interested in personalised nutrition (PN) are unclear. Therefore, the aim of this study was to describe the characteristics of European adults interested in taking part in an internet-based PN study. In iduals from seven European countries (UK, Ireland, Germany, The Netherlands, Spain, Greece and Poland) were invited to participate in the study via the Food4Me website ( www.food4me.org ). Two screening questionnaires were used to collect data on socio-demographic, anthropometric and health-related characteristics as well as dietary intakes. A total of 5662 in iduals expressed an interest in the study (mean age 40 ± 12.7 range 15-87 years). Of these, 65 % were female and 97 % were Caucasian. Overall, 13 % were smokers and 47 % reported the presence of a clinically diagnosed disease. Furthermore, 47 % were overweight or obese and 35 % were sedentary during leisure time. Assessment of dietary intakes showed that 54 % of in iduals reported consuming at least 5 portions of fruit and vegetables per day, 46 % consumed more than 3 servings of wholegrains and 37 % limited their salt intake to <5.75 g per day. Our data indicate that in iduals volunteering to participate in an internet-based PN study are broadly representative of the European adult population, most of whom had adequate nutrient intakes but could benefit from improved dietary choices and greater physical activity. Future use of internet-based PN approaches is thus relevant to a wide target audience.
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 08-2016
DOI: 10.1007/S13105-017-0560-6
Abstract: Epigenetics has an important role in the regulation of metabolic adaptation to environmental modifications. In this sense, the determination of epigenetic changes in non-invasive s les during the development of metabolic diseases could play an important role in the procedures in primary healthcare practice. To help translate the knowledge of epigenetics to public health practice, the present study aims to explore the parallelism of methylation levels between white blood cells and buccal s les in relation to obesity and associated disorders. Blood and buccal swap s les were collected from a subs le of the Spanish cohort of the Food4Me study. Infinium HumanMethylation450 DNA Analysis was carried out for the determination of methylation levels. Standard deviation for β values method and concordance correlation analysis were used to select those CpG which showed best parallelism between s les. A total of 277 CpGs met the criteria and were selected for an enrichment analysis and a correlation analysis with anthropometrical and clinical parameters. From those selected CpGs, four presented high associations with BMI (cg01055691 in GAP43 r = -0.92 and rho = -0.84 for blood r = -0.89 and rho = -0.83 for buccal s le), HOMA-IR (cg00095677 in ATP2A3 r = 0.82 and rho = -0.84 for blood r = -0.8 and rho = -0.83 for buccal s le) and leptin (cg14464133 in ADARB2 r = -0.9182 and rho = -0.94 for blood r = -0.893 and rho = -0.79 for buccal s le). These findings demonstrate the potential application of non-invasive buccal s les in the identification of surrogate epigenetic biomarkers and identify methylation sites in GAP43, ATP2A3 and ADARB2 genes as potential targets in relation to overweight management and insulin sensibility.
Location: United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland
Location: United States of America
Location: United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland
Location: United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland
Location: United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland
No related grants have been discovered for Katherine Livingstone.