Michael Jones

Purification of normal cellular prion protein from human platelets and the formation of a high molecular weight prion protein complex following platelet activation

Publisher: Elsevier BV

Date: 09-2005

DOI: 10.1016/J.BBRC.2005.07.045

Abstract: A method for the extraction and purification of PrP(C), in its native monomeric form, from outdated human platelet concentrates is described. Both calcium ionophore platelet activation and lysis in Triton X-100 were evaluated as methods for the extraction of soluble platelet PrP(C) in its monomeric form. Following platelet activation, the majority of released PrP(C) was detected as a disulphide linked high molecular weight complex, which under reducing conditions could be separated into what appear to be stable non-disulphide linked PrP dimers or PrP covalently linked to another as yet unidentified protein. This phenomenon appears to be unique to activation since only monomeric PrP(C) was detected following lysis of resting platelets. Subsequently, PrP(C) was purified from the Triton X-100 lysate by sequential cation ion exchange and Cu2+ affinity chromatography. From 10 L of outdated platelet concentrate, we were able to recover 1.29 mg PrP(C) at a purity of 92%.

Phylogenetic Analysis of Bean yellow mosaic virus Isolates from Four Continents: Relationship Between the Seven Groups Found and Their Hosts and Origins

Publisher: Scientific Societies

Date: 12-2008

DOI: 10.1094/PDIS-92-12-1596

Abstract: Genetic ersity of Bean yellow mosaic virus (BYMV) was studied by comparing sequences from the coat protein (CP) and genome-linked viral protein (VPg) genes of isolates from four continents. CP sequences compared were those of 17 new isolates and 47 others already on the database, while the VPg sequences used were from four new isolates and 10 from the database. Phylogenetic analysis of the CP sequences revealed seven distinct groups, six polytypic and one monotypic. The largest and most genetically erse polytypic group, which had intragroup ersity of 0.061 nucleotide substitutions per site, contained isolates from natural infections in eight host species. These original isolation hosts included both wild (four) and domesticated (four) species and were from monocotyledonous and dicotyledonous plant families, indicating a generalized natural host range strategy. Only one of the other five polytypic groups spanned both monocotyledons and dicotyledons, and all contained isolates from fewer species (one to four), all of which were domesticated and had lower intragroup ersity (0.019 to 0.045 nucleotide substitutions per site), indicating host specialization. Phylogenetic analysis of the fewer VPg sequences revealed three polytypic and two monotypic groupings. These groups also correlated with original natural isolation hosts, but the branch topologies were sometimes incongruous with those formed by CPs. Also, intragroup ersity was generally higher for VPgs than for CPs. A plausible explanation for the groups found when the 64 different CP sequences were compared is that the generalized group represents the original ancestral type from which the specialist host groups evolved in response to domestication of plants after the advent of agriculture. Data on the geographical origins of the isolates within each group did not reveal whether the specialized groups might have coevolved with their principal natural hosts where these were first domesticated, but this seems plausible.

Prognostic use of a qrs scoring system after hospital discharge for initial acute myocardial infarction in the framingham cohort

Publisher: Elsevier BV

Date: 09-1990

DOI: 10.1016/0002-9149(90)90479-K

Abstract: Myocardial infarct size is an important risk factor for survival after acute myocardial infarction (AMI). The purpose of this study was to determine the prognostic value of myocardial infarct size, as estimated by the Selvester 54-criteria/32-point QRS scoring system, in the Framingham cohort. During the first 30 years of the Framingham Heart Study, a total of 384 participants developed an AMI requiring hospitalization from this group, 243 patients met the following inclusion criteria: (1) no electrocardiographic changes due to a previous infarction, (2) survival greater than 3 days after discharge from the AMI hospitalization and (3) no electrocardiographic evidence of conduction disturbances or ventricular hypertrophy at the time of their final in-hospital electrocardiogram. Univariate and multivariate analyses were performed to test the association of the QRS score, and other associated risk factors, with time until coronary heart disease-related death. QRS score was found to be significantly associated with outcome (p = 0.03), as was the systolic blood pressure before infarction (p greater than 0.001). Both univariate and multivariate analysis showed that a history of systolic hypertension was the variable most strongly associated with coronary heart disease-related death. Thus, identification of AMI survivors at high risk for subsequent mortality can be improved by routine blood pressure measurement before AMI, and QRS scoring of the electrocardiogram taken at hospital discharge.

The Food of Female Wheat Bulb Flies (Leptohylemyia coarctata (Fall.))

Publisher: Wiley

Date: 03-1968

DOI: 10.1111/J.1365-3059.1968.TB00410.X

Subtractive hybridization of cDNA from small amounts of plant tissue

Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC

Date: 08-1997

DOI: 10.1007/BF02762335

First report of 'Candidatus Phytoplasma aurantifolia' associated with severe stunting and necrosis on the invasive weed Pelargonium capitatum in Western Australia

Publisher: Scientific Societies

Date: 10-2010

DOI: 10.1094/PDIS-07-10-0477

Abstract: Pelargonium capitatum (rose pelargonium) is a plant indigenous to southern Africa, originally brought to Western Australia for its ornamental qualities. It has since become naturalized in the Southwest Australian Floristic Region, recognized for its high level of species endemism, where it is a serious invasive weed in bushlands and coastal dunes. Since P. capitatum outcompetes native species it is listed among the top 10 most important coastal weeds of the region (3). In 2008, large patches of stunted, dying, and dead P. capitatum plants were observed within a population covering coastal dunes at Woodman Point, Western Australia (GPS coordinates 32°07′40.51″S, 115°45′28.39″E). Diseased plants had small misshapen leaves in clumps that were often chlorotic or pink, shortened internodes, and exhibited phylloidy typical of infection by a phytoplasma. From August 2009 to January 2010, s les from symptomatic and asymptomatic plants were collected from the site and from plants of an asymptomatic population at another site located on the Murdoch University c us nearby. DNA was extracted from 15 s les collected from symptomatic and asymptomatic plants at the dune site and from five at the c us site. Briefly, 2 to 5 g of leaf and stem tissue was cut into 5-mm pieces and shaken overnight in 30 ml of phosphate-buffered saline buffer. Supernatant was filtered and a pellet was collected by centrifugation. After resuspension in 500 μl of extraction buffer (200 mM Tris-HCl [pH 7.5] 250mM NaCl, 25mM ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid, 0.5% sodium dodecyl sulfate, and 2% polyvinylpyrrolidone), DNA was precipitated in 500 μl of cold isopropanol. S les were tested for the presence of phytoplasma ribosomal 16S DNA by nested PCR using phytoplasma universal primers P1/P7 followed by lification with primers Tint, R16mF2, and R16mR1 (1,2,4). Phytoplasma-specific DNA sequences were synthesized directly from licons using the above primers. Phytoplasma was detected from both symptomatic and asymptomatic plant s les collected from the dune site but not from the c us site. Analysis of the nine sequences obtained (GenBank Accession Nos. HM583339, HM583340, HM583341, HM583342, HM583343, HM583344, HM583345, HM583346, and HM583347) revealed high sequence identity between isolates (~99%) and with the ‘Candidatus Phytoplasma aurantifolia’ (16SrII) group of phytoplasmas (1,4). Presence of phytoplasma in symptomatic plants was confirmed by histological examination of stem sections stained with Dienes' stain. This finding is significant because there is potential for utilizing this phytoplasma to control P. capitatum where it has invaded ecologically significant sites, although its effect on indigenous plants must be determined first. Although phytoplasmas within the 16SrII group have been identified in Australia previously (1,4), to our knowledge, this is the first report of it infecting P. capitatum. References: (1) K. S. Gibb et al. Phytopathology 85:169, 1995. (2) D. E. Gundersen and I.-M. Lee. Phytopathol. Mediterr. 35:144, 1996. (3) B. M. J. Hussey et al. Western Weeds. A Guide to the Weeds of Western Australia. 2nd ed. Plant Protection Society of Western Australia, Victoria Park, 2007. (4) M. Saqib et al. J. R. Soc. West. Aust. 90:175, 2007.

Potato protoplasts and tissue-culture in crop improvement

Publisher: Informa UK Limited

Date: 09-1987

DOI: 10.1080/02648725.1987.10647833

Characterization of the first two viruses described from wild populations of hammer orchids (Drakaea spp.) in Australia

Publisher: Wiley

Date: 21-05-2016

DOI: 10.1111/PPA.12396

Cereal cyst nematodes: A complex and destructive group of heterodera species

Publisher: Scientific Societies

Date: 10-2017

DOI: 10.1094/PDIS-03-17-0355-FE

Abstract: Small grain cereals have served as the basis for staple foods, beverages, and animal feed for thousands of years. Wheat, barley, oats, rye, triticale, rice, and others are rich in calories, proteins, carbohydrates, vitamins, and minerals. These cereals supply 20% of the calories consumed by people worldwide and are therefore a primary source of energy for humans and play a vital role in global food and nutrition security. Global production of small grains increased linearly from 1960 to 2005, and then began to decline. Further decline in production is projected to continue through 2050 while global demand for these grains is projected to increase by 1% per annum. Currently, wheat, barley, and oat production exceeds consumption in developed countries, while in developing countries the consumption rate is higher than production. An increasing demand for meat and livestock products is likely to compound the demand for cereals in developing countries. Current production levels and trends will not be sufficient to fulfill the projected global demand generated by increased populations. For wheat, global production will need to be increased by 60% to fulfill the estimated demand in 2050. Until recently, global wheat production increased mostly in response to development of improved cultivars and farming practices and technologies. Production is now limited by biotic and abiotic constraints, including diseases, nematodes, insect pests, weeds, and climate. Among these constraints, plant-parasitic nematodes alone are estimated to reduce production of all world crops by 10%. Cereal cyst nematodes (CCNs) are among the most important nematode pests that limit production of small grain cereals. Heavily invaded young plants are stunted and their lower leaves are often chlorotic, forming pale green patches in the field. Mature plants are also stunted, have a reduced number of tillers, and the roots are shallow and have a “bushy-knotted” appearance. CCNs comprise a number of closely-related species and are found in most regions where cereals are produced.

Somatic hybridization of amino acid analogue-resistant cell lines of potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) by electrofusion

Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC

Date: 1987

DOI: 10.1007/BF00262515

Expression of the peroxidase gene promoter (Shpx6b) from Stylosanthes humilis in transgenic plants during insect attack

Publisher: Wiley

Date: 28-05-2004

DOI: 10.1111/J.0013-8703.2004.00170.X

Use of initial ST-segment deviation for prediction of final electrocardiographic size of acute myocardial infarcts

Publisher: Elsevier BV

Date: 04-1988

DOI: 10.1016/0002-9149(88)91060-0

Abstract: The decision to administer thrombolytic therapy for limitation of acute myocardial infarction (AMI) size must occur when only the history, physical examination and 12-lead electrocardiogram of a patient are available. A method that could quickly assess the amount of jeopardized myocardium would greatly aid the physician. This study developed formulas from 68 anterior and 80 inferior AMI patients using the extent of initial ST-segment deviation (ST delta) to predict the final AMI size estimated by the Selvester QRS score in a population not receiving reperfusion therapy. Inclusion required: initial anterior or inferior AMI admission electrocardiogram less than or equal to 8 hours after the onset of symptoms with evidence of epicardial injury elevated creatine kinase-MB a predischarge electrocardiogram taken greater than or equal to 72 hours after admission and no AMI extension before the predischarge electrocardiogram. The extent of epicardial injury was quantified by counting the number of leads with greater than or equal to 0.1 mm ST delta, by the sum (sigma) of ST delta in all leads and by the sigma ST delta in the lead groups associated with each AMI location. These results were compared to the AMI size estimated from the predischarge electrocardiogram. Univariable and multivariable analyses generated these formulas for AMI size: anterior = 3[1.5 (number leads ST increases) - 0.4] inferior = 3[0.6 (sigma ST increases II, III, aVF) + 2.0]. Thus, formulas based on quantitative measurements of ST delta on the admission electrocardiogram are predictive of final QRS-estimated AMI size, and may be useful in determining the efficacy of acute reperfusion therapy.

Modulation and direction of the electrofusion response in plant protoplasts

Publisher: Elsevier BV

Date: 1987

DOI: 10.1016/0168-9452(87)90136-1

Species-specific sequences in the genus Solanum: identification, characterization, and application to study somatic hybrids of S. brevidens and S. tuberosum

Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC

Date: 11-1990

DOI: 10.1007/BF00224231

The development and function of plant cells modified by endoparasitic nematodes

Publisher: Elsevier

Date: 1981

DOI: 10.1016/B978-0-12-782203-7.50016-9

Serendipitous identification of a new Iflavirus-like virus infecting tomato and its subsequent characterization

Publisher: Wiley

Date: 05-10-2015

DOI: 10.1111/PPA.12293

Observations on changes in the female reproductive system of the wheat bulb fly Leptohylemyia coarctata (Fall.)

Publisher: Cambridge University Press (CUP)

Date: 10-1971

DOI: 10.1017/S000748530005745X

Abstract: In Leptohylemyia coarctata (Fall.) the germarium cuts off oocytes which develop through the stages 00 and 0 and I-V, recognised in other Cyclorraphous flies, in 4–5 weeks. All eggs of one batch of the gonadotrophic cycle ripen at the same time. After oviposition, the split intima, the remains of the follicular epithelium, and the nurse cells slowly contract to form the follicular relic. Flies swept from winter wheat during June and July and caught in water traps in July and August showed all stages of egg development. In 1970, 24·7% of the females swept from the crop had completed the first, 4–7% the second and 0–4% the third gonadotrophic cycle. All the eggs were not laid at the same time. During later gonadotrophic cycles, some ovarioles were non-functional. Flies laid one or two batches of eggs, rarely three. In 1970, many flies were attacked and killed by E. muscae . Only one out of 115 newly emerged female wheat bulb flies presented with foods usually found in the crop or citrated blood contained mature eggs after 24–27 days in small cages. Those fed only on 0·1 M glucose survived but did not deposit yolk in the ovum those provided only with yeast paste died. Honey dew from cereal aphids was the main source of sugar. Water in droplet form and space to move seem necessary for the maturation of the eggs.

In‐plant activation of root‐specific expression of a cytotoxic gene disrupts the development of the root‐knot nematode, Meloidogyne javanica

Publisher: Wiley

Date: 02-11-2022

DOI: 10.1111/PPA.13497

Abstract: Plant hosts can be engineered to disrupt the development of sedentary plant‐parasitic nematodes or proper functioning of the feeding sites the nematodes induce. The use of constitutive promoters to express dsRNAs or nematode inhibitor proteins may be unreliable because of possible silencing or yield penalty from continuous expression in a plant host. This ill‐effect can be avoided if a root‐specific, nematode‐responsive promoter (NRP) is used to drive the target nematode‐inhibitory message. This study used the In Plant Activation (INPACT) system to express a barstar‐controlled barnase in galls of Meloidogyne javanica and assessed how the engineered tobacco lines affected the growth and development of the nematodes. Of the 11 combinations of four NRPs and the CaMV 35S promoter assessed, the AtCel1 and TobRB7 combinations activated specific expression of split β‐glucuronidase ( GUS ) and barnase genes in and around giant cells. The same NRP combination directed expression of the barnase gene in tobacco roots also constitutively expressing the barstar gene (SPBB transgenic lines). On roots of six T 1 SPBB lines, there was up to 94% reduction in the number of galls with significantly smaller adult females compared to those on wild‐type plants. Some of the females on lines SPBB4‐1 and SPBB‐4‐2, for ex le, were not associated with galls. The results indicated the engineered plants disrupted M . javanica development and demonstrate the potential for controlled and localized expression of peptides, such as those that could block specific effectors, to disrupt initiation, formation, establishment, or proper functioning of feeding cells induced by damaging sedentary nematodes.

Monilinia fructicola and Monilinia laxa isolates from stone fruit orchards sprayed with fungicides displayed a broader range of responses to fungicides than those from unsprayed orchards

Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC

Date: 29-10-2019

DOI: 10.1007/S10658-018-01613-X

LegumeDB¹ bioinformatics resource: Comparative genomic analysis and novel cross-genera marker identification in lupin and pasture legume species

Publisher: Canadian Science Publishing

Date: 06-0025

DOI: 10.1139/G06-009

Abstract: The identification of markers in legume pasture crops, which can be associated with traits such as protein and lipid production, disease resistance, and reduced pod shattering, is generally accepted as an important strategy for improving the agronomic performance of these crops. It has been demonstrated that many quantitative trait loci (QTLs) identified in one species can be found in other plant species. Detailed legume comparative genomic analyses can characterize the genome organization between model legume species (e.g., Medicago truncatula, Lotus japonicus) and economically important crops such as soybean (Glycine max), pea (Pisum sativum), chickpea (Cicer arietinum), and lupin (Lupinus angustifolius), thereby identifying candidate gene markers that can be used to track QTLs in lupin and pasture legume breeding. LegumeDB is a Web-based bioinformatics resource for legume researchers. LegumeDB analysis of Medicago truncatula expressed sequence tags (ESTs) has identified novel simple sequence repeat (SSR) markers (16 tested), some of which have been putatively linked to symbiosome membrane proteins in root nodules and cell-wall proteins important in plant-pathogen defence mechanisms. These novel markers by preliminary PCR assays have been detected in Medicago truncatula and detected in at least one other legume species, Lotus japonicus, Glycine max, Cicer arietinum, and (or) Lupinus angustifolius (15/16 tested). Ongoing research has validated some of these markers to map them in a range of legume species that can then be used to compile composite genetic and physical maps. In this paper, we outline the features and capabilities of LegumeDB as an interactive application that provides legume genetic and physical comparative maps, and the efficient feature identification and annotation of the vast tracks of model legume sequences for convenient data integration and visualization. LegumeDB has been used to identify potential novel cross-genera polymorphic legume markers that map to agronomic traits, supporting the accelerated identification of molecular genetic factors underpinning important agronomic attributes in lupin.Key words: legumes, comparative genomics, bioinformatics, expressed sequence tags (ESTs), simple sequence repeats (SSRs).

Erratum: LegumeDB bioinformatics resource: Comparative genomic analysis and novel cross genera marker identification in lupin and pasture legume species (Genome 49, (689-699))

Publisher: Canadian Science Publishing

Date: 09-2006

DOI: 10.1139/G06-124

cDNA generation on paramagnetic beads

Publisher: Humana Press

Date: 2003

DOI: 10.1385/1-59259-359-3:25

Caladenia virus A, an unusual new member of the family Potyviridae from terrestrial orchids in Western Australia

Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC

Date: 23-08-2012

DOI: 10.1007/S00705-012-1452-2

Abstract: An isolate of a new virus, Caladenia virus A (CalVA), was identified infecting Australian terrestrial orchids. The complete genome of 9,847 nucleotides encodes 11 gene products typical of most members of the family Potyviridae. Sequence comparisons of the polyprotein revealed that CalVA shared highest sequence identity (37.5-39.6 %) with members of the genus Poacevirus. Although a vector for CalVA was not identified, a mite transmission motif was present in the helper component protease, indicating that, like other poaceviruses, mites may transmit it. CalVA is the only proposed member of the genus Poacevirus not isolated from a poaceous host.

Somatic embryogenesis and plantlet formation in Santalum album and S. spicatum

Publisher: Oxford University Press (OUP)

Date: 03-1998

DOI: 10.1093/JXB/49.320.563

Multiple polyadenylated RNA viruses detected in pooled cultivated and wild plant samples

Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC

Date: 11-11-2012

DOI: 10.1007/S00705-011-1166-X

Abstract: RNA extracted from 120 leaf specimens from 17 plant species was pooled, and polyadenylated RNA species were sequenced together without barcoding in one lane using massively parallel sequencing technology. After analysis, complete or partial genome sequences representing 20 virus isolates of 16 polyadenylated RNA species were identified. In three cases, 2-3 distinct isolates of a virus species co-infected the same plant. Twelve of the viruses identified were described previously and belonged to the genera Potyvirus, Nepovirus, Allexivirus, and Carlavirus. Four were unknown and are proposed as members of the genera Potyvirus, Sadwavirus, and Trichovirus. Virus sequences were subsequently matched to original host plants using RT-PCR assays.

A PCR-based marker for selection of starch and potential noodle quality in wheat

Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC

Date: 1998

DOI: 10.1023/A:1009664917998

A comparison of tissue culture response between related tetraploid and dihaploid S. tuberosum genotypes

Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC

Date: 1988

DOI: 10.1007/BF00033644

Resistance to subterranean clover mottle virus in subterranean clover results from restricted cell-to-cell movement

Publisher: CSIRO Publishing

Date: 1995

DOI: 10.1071/AR9950633

Abstract: Subterranean clover mottle sobemovirus (SCMoV) is an important pathogen of subterranean clover (Trifolium subterraneum) pastures in Australia. Cultivars of subterranean clover are susceptible (e.g. Dalkeith, Woogenellup), moderately susceptible (e.g. Green Range), partially resistant (e.g. Goulburn) or highly resistant (e.g. Meteora, Trikkala) to SCMoV. The resistant class does not become systemically infected on sap inoculation, while only a proportion of plants develop systemic infection with the moderately susceptible and partially resistant classes (Wroth and Jones 1992b Ferris and Jones 1994). These different classes were used to examine the basis of SCMoV resistance using cell biological approaches. Virus levels were quantified at the tissue level by ELISA and at the cell level by counting protoplasts which fluoresced after antibody staining. Three aspects were investigated: (1) initial cell infection, (2) frequencies of cell infection in sap-inoculated leaves and in systemically infected leaves from graft-inoculated plants, and (3, ability of the virus to replicate in isolated protoplasts. Fewer and smaller starch lesions formed in inoculated leaves of a highly resistant cultivar than in those of moderately susceptible and susceptible cultivars. In protoplasts isolated from epidermal cell strips from inoculated leaves, initially the numbers of fluorescing protoplasts were the same for all four classes of cultivars (5-7%). Subsequently, however, the numbers remained unchanged for the two highly resistant cultivars, but increased considerably in the susceptible one used, and to a lesser extent in the moderately susceptible and partially resistant ones. For protoplasts isolated from whole inoculated leaves, the percentage of protoplasts that fluoresced was greatest in the susceptible cultivars used, lower in the moderately susceptible and partially resistant cultivars, and least in the highly resistant ones. All classes became systemically infected when graft-inoculated, but with the systemically infected leaves the proportions of protoplasts that fluoresced were least for the highly resistant and greatest for the susceptible classes. When protoplasts were inoculated with SCMoV in vitro, the proportions which fluoresced were the same (53-56%) for highly resistant, moderately susceptible and susceptible cultivars, showing that resistance was not expressed at the single cell level as an inhibition of virus replication. Because movement of SCMoV was restricted in inoculated leaves of the highly resistant class (starch lesion, epidermal strip and whole leaf data) and in graft-induced systemically infected leaves, it is concluded that the basis of resistance to SCMoV in highly resistant cultivars of subterranean clover is restriction of cell-to-cell movement of the virus.

TRANSFER CELLS AND NEMATODE INDUCED GIANT-CELLS IN HELIANTHEMUM

Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC

Date: 03-1976

DOI: 10.1007/BF01623973

ACTION-POTENTIALS IN NEMATODE-INDUCED PLANT TRANSFER CELLS

Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC

Date: 12-1974

DOI: 10.1007/BF01276355

A survey of deep learning techniques for weed detection from images

Publisher: Elsevier BV

Date: 05-2021

DOI: 10.1016/J.COMPAG.2021.106067

Gene rescue in plants by direct gene transfer of total genomic DNA into protoplasts

Publisher: Oxford University Press (OUP)

Date: 1992

DOI: 10.1093/NAR/20.15.3977

Abstract: To study the possibility of gene rescue in plants by direct gene transfer we chose the Arabidopsis mutant GH50 as a source of donor DNA. GH50 is tolerant of chlorsulfuron, a herbicide of the sulfonylurea class. Tobacco protoplasts were cotransfected with genomic DNA and the plasmid pHP23 which confers kanamycin resistance. A high frequency of cointegration of the plasmid and the genomic DNA was expected, which would allow the tagging of the plant selectable trait with the plasmid DNA. After transfection by electroporation the protoplasts were cultivated on regeneration medium supplemented with either chlorsulfuron or kanamycin as a selective agent. Selection on kanamycin yielded resistant calluses at an absolute transformation frequency (ATF) of 0.8 x 10(-3). Selection on chlorsulfuron yielded resistant calluses at an ATF of 4.7 x 10(-6). When a selection on chlorsulfuron was subsequently applied to the kanamycin resistant calluses, 8% of them showed resistance to this herbicide. Southern analysis carried out on the herbicide resistant transformants detected the presence of the herbicide resistance gene of Arabidopsis into the genome of the transformed tobacco. Segregation analysis showed the presence of the resistance gene and the marker gene in the progeny of the five analysed transformants. 3 transformants showed evidence of genetic linkage between the two genes. In addition we show that using the same technique a kanamycin resistance gene from a transgenic tobacco could be transferred into sugar beet protoplasts at a frequency of 0.17% of the transformants.

Molecular biology of root lesion nematodes (Pratylenchusspp.) and their interaction with host plants

Publisher: Wiley

Date: 18-02-2014

DOI: 10.1111/AAB.12105

A single tube, quantitative real-time RT-PCR assay that detects four potato viruses simultaneously

Publisher: Elsevier BV

Date: 11-2009

DOI: 10.1016/J.JVIROMET.2009.06.027

Abstract: A high throughput, real-time multiplex, single tube RT-PCR assay was developed for simultaneous detection of Potato leafroll virus (PLRV), Potato virus X (PVX) and Potato virus S (PVS) in potato leaves and tubers, and Tomato spotted wilt virus (TSWV) in potato tubers and tomato leaves. The test uses four different fluorescently labelled TaqMan probes. Limits of detection sensitivity were established using a range of virus transcript copy numbers (8 x 10(1) to 8 x 10(9) copies of PVX and PVS, 1 x 10(2) to 1 x 10(10) copies of PLRV and 1 x 10(3) to 1 x 10(10) copies of TSWV). For each in idual assay, the inter-assay reproducibility was high, with a coefficient of variation of the combined assays of <2%. Total RNA was extracted rapidly and efficiently from bulked s les equivalent to 300 dormant tubers to detect single infections of PLRV, PVX, PVS and TSWV simultaneously in a single assay. The multiplexed assay was validated in blind studies with leaves and tubers. This high-throughput test is accurate and sensitive, and provides seed potato industries with a cost-effective diagnostic tool to detect viruses reliably in bulked s les of dormant potato tubers.

Virus symptomatology in accessions of the Medicago truncatula core collection and identification of virus resistance phenotypes

Publisher: CSIRO Publishing

Date: 2011

DOI: 10.1071/CP11023

Abstract: Plants of 212 accessions from the core collection of model legume species Medicago truncatula were inoculated with infective sap containing Alfalfa mosaic virus (AMV, isolate EW), Bean yellow mosaic virus (BYMV, isolate MI) or Cucumber mosaic virus (CMV, isolate SN-1). A erse range of systemic symptoms were obtained that varied widely in severity depending on the combination of virus isolate and accession, or, especially with AMV, some accessions became infected but did not display symptoms. The delay between virus inoculation and symptom appearance normally varied from 1 to 4 weeks, but with CMV it took up to 8 weeks in two accessions. Five (AMV), 59 (BYMV) and 22 (CMV) core accessions remained uninfected systemically. Plants of most of these accessions, and some that died or gave susceptible phenotypes, were then inoculated with two additional isolates of AMV (eight accessions), or two distinct strains of BYMV (58 accessions) and CMV (21 accessions). Plants of accession 11715 remained uninfected by CMV isolates CP (CMV subgroup 1) and LW (CMV subgroup 2), but those of all other previously uninfected accessions became infected systemically by all three viruses. All accessions inoculated with AMV isolates Aq and Hu, and most inoculated with BYMV isolate LKoj1-NN (generalist strain), BYMV isolate LP-1 (lupin strain), and CMV isolates CP and LW developed typical susceptible phenotypes. However, systemic hypersensitive phenotypes developed with BYMV LKoj1-NN and LP-1 in plants of 4456, or with LKoj1-NN only in 774, 1526, 4327, 14829, 15268, 22922 and 25654 15268 and 25654 had developed this phenotype previously with MI (generalist strain). Similarly, plants of 21362 developed this phenotype with CMV CP and LW, while plants of 1526, 2748 and 31443 developed it with CP 2748, 21632 and 31443 had developed it previously with SN-1 (mixture of subgroups 1 and 2). Once the genetic bases of the BYMV and CMV resistances found in M. truncatula are understood, they may prove useful in future virus resistance breeding among crop and pasture legumes.

IMPROVED EFFICIENCY OF GENOTYPE-DEPENDENT REGENERATION FROM PROTOPLASTS OF IMPORTANT POTATO CULTIVARS

Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC

Date: 02-1986

DOI: 10.1007/BF00269723

PCR markers for selection of adult plant leaf rust resistance in barley (Hordeum vulgare L.)

Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC

Date: 19-10-2011

DOI: 10.1007/S11032-010-9517-Y

MULTINUCLEATE TRANSFER CELLS INDUCED IN COLEUS ROOTS BY ROOT-KNOT NEMATODE, MELOIDOGYNE-ARENARIA

Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC

Date: 12-1972

DOI: 10.1007/BF01282117

Production of somatic hybrids by electrofusion in Solanum

Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC

Date: 08-1988

DOI: 10.1007/BF00257854

The complete genome sequence of a passion fruit woodiness virus isolate from australia determined using deep sequencing, and its relationship to other potyviruses

Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC

Date: 13-11-2011

DOI: 10.1007/S00705-010-0845-3

Abstract: The complete genome sequence (9,858 nucleotides) of the Passion fruit woodiness virus isolate MU-2 was determined using Illumina sequencing. The large open reading frame (ORF) encodes a polyprotein containing 3,086 amino acids, with an AUG start codon and UAA stop codon. The polyprotein yielded 11 proteins (P1, HC-Pro, P3, PIPO, 6K1, CI, 6K2, NIa-VPg, NIa-Pro, NIb and CP). Putative cleavage sites between them were identified by sequence comparison to those of other known potyviruses. Accuracy of the genome sequence information was provided by 42-1691-fold sequence coverage, and viral RNA accounted for 7.38% of total polyadenylated RNA from the host plant.

Application of biotechnology for nematode control in crop plants

Publisher: Elsevier

Date: 2015

DOI: 10.1016/BS.ABR.2014.12.012

Validation of molecular markers for wheat breeding

Publisher: CSIRO Publishing

Date: 2001

DOI: 10.1071/AR01052

Abstract: Five sets of markers were assessed for their usefulness in breeding, two linked to wheat stem rust gene Sr2, several markers linked to a chromosome segment conferring Yr17/Lr37/Sr38 resistance, two reported markers for the linked genes Lr35 andSr39, one for Lr28, and one linked to flour colour. The gene for Sr2 confers adult plant resistance to stem rust (Puccinia graminis f.sp. tritici) and was originally transferred to bread wheat from the tetraploid emmer (‘Yaroslav’) to the cultivars Hope and H-44. The gene is located on the short arm of chromosome 3B and confers a durable adult plant resistance to stem rust usually expressed only in the field. The chromosome segment carrying the Lr37, Sr38, Yr17 resistance genes is located on 2AS and was originally introduced into wheat through an Aegilops ventricosa Triticum persicum cross, followed by a cross to the cultivar Marne (VPM1). The flour colour quantitative trait locus was originally described in a Yarralinka Schomburg cross and is located on chromosome 7A. The primers as originally developed required optimisation for more routine use in a breeding program.

Weed recognition using deep learning techniques on class-imbalanced imagery

Publisher: CSIRO Publishing

Date: 11-04-2022

DOI: 10.1071/CP21626

Abstract: Context Most weed species can adversely impact agricultural productivity by competing for nutrients required by high-value crops. Manual weeding is not practical for large cropping areas. Many studies have been undertaken to develop automatic weed management systems for agricultural crops. In this process, one of the major tasks is to recognise the weeds from images. However, weed recognition is a challenging task. It is because weed and crop plants can be similar in colour, texture and shape which can be exacerbated further by the imaging conditions, geographic or weather conditions when the images are recorded. Advanced machine learning techniques can be used to recognise weeds from imagery. Aims In this paper, we have investigated five state-of-the-art deep neural networks, namely VGG16, ResNet-50, Inception-V3, Inception-ResNet-v2 and MobileNetV2, and evaluated their performance for weed recognition. Methods We have used several experimental settings and multiple dataset combinations. In particular, we constructed a large weed-crop dataset by combining several smaller datasets, mitigating class imbalance by data augmentation, and using this dataset in benchmarking the deep neural networks. We investigated the use of transfer learning techniques by preserving the pre-trained weights for extracting the features and fine-tuning them using the images of crop and weed datasets. Key results We found that VGG16 performed better than others on small-scale datasets, while ResNet-50 performed better than other deep networks on the large combined dataset. Conclusions This research shows that data augmentation and fine tuning techniques improve the performance of deep learning models for classifying crop and weed images. Implications This research evaluates the performance of several deep learning models and offers directions for using the most appropriate models as well as highlights the need for a large scale benchmark weed dataset.

De novo analysis of the transcriptome of Pratylenchus zeae to identify transcripts for proteins required for structural integrity, sensation, locomotion and parasitism

Publisher: Wiley

Date: 09-10-2015

DOI: 10.1111/MPP.12301

Genetic manipulation of arable crop plants by protoplast fusion and direct gene transfer

Publisher: Wiley

Date: 27-03-1989

DOI: 10.1002/JCB.240410805

Chromosome variation in dividing protoplasts and cell suspensions of wheat

Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC

Date: 05-1987

DOI: 10.1007/BF00290096

Production and characterization of a panel of Monoclonal antibodies against native human cellular prion protein

Publisher: Mary Ann Liebert Inc

Date: 02-2009

DOI: 10.1089/HYB.2008.0067

Abstract: The human prion diseases, such as variant Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease (vCJD), are characterized by the conversion of the normal cellular prion protein (PrP(C)) into an abnormal disease associated form (PrP(Sc)). Monoclonal antibodies (MAbs) that recognize these different PrP isoforms are valuable reagents both in the diagnosis of these diseases and in prion disease research in general but we know of no attempts to raise MAbs against native human PrP(C). We immunized prion protein gene ablated (PrP(-/-)) mice with native human PrP(C) purified from platelets (pHuPrP) generating a predominantly IgG isotype anti-pHuPrP polyclonal antibody response in all mice. Following fusion of splenocytes from the immunized mice with SP2/0 myeloma cells, we were able to identify single cell clone and cryopreserve 14 stable hybridoma cell lines producing MAbs that reacted with pHuPrP. The properties of these MAbs (such as isotype, binding to native/denatured pHuPrP, and HuPrP epitopes recognized) are described. Furthermore, several of these MAbs showed a selectivity in their ability to immunoprecipitate disease associated PrP(Sc) and its corresponding protease resistant core (PrP(res)).

Spatial distribution of Monilinia fructicola and M. laxa in stone fruit production areas in Western Australia

Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC

Date: 07-06-2017

DOI: 10.1007/S13313-017-0497-9

Production of asymmetric hybrids between Solanum tuberosum and irradiated S. brevidens

Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC

Date: 02-1993

DOI: 10.1007/BF00225012

Heat shock protein studies in Type 1 and Type 2 diabetes and human islet cell culture

Publisher: Wiley

Date: 07-1995

DOI: 10.1111/J.1464-5491.1995.TB00548.X

Abstract: Heat shock proteins (HSP) play an important role in auto-immunity and infection. Glutamic acid decarboxylase (GAD) the prime antigen in Type 1 diabetes has similar amino acid sequences to HSP65. An ELISA was developed using a plant-derived HSP65 antibody. HSP65 antibody was present in the serum of all normal subjects (median 1.64 AU, IQ range 1.49-1.74). Lower levels were found in established Type 1 diabetes (1.41 AU, 1.32-1.61, p < 0.001) and Type 2 diabetes (1.45 AU, 1.35-1.59, p < 0.006). In Type 1 HSP antibody levels fell with age (p = 0.007) and with duration (p = 0.008) and women with Type 1 had lower levels than men (p = 0.009). Human islet cell culture subjected to heat shock revealed an approximate four fold increase in heat shock protein antigen in the surrounding medium. The release of HSP antigen from stressed islet cells together with the finding of HSP antibody in the serum of all subjects suggest that HSP65 should not be completely discarded as having a possible role in the development of Type 1 diabetes. Low levels of HSP antibody in patients with established diabetes is probably a manifestation of impaired immunity induced by the diabetic state.

First report of Bean common mosaic virus in Western Australia

Publisher: Wiley

Date: 26-07-2005

DOI: 10.1111/J.1365-3059.2005.01232.X

Identification of sweet potato little leaf phytoplasma associated with Vigna unguiculata var. sesquipedalis and Lycopersicon esculentum

Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC

Date: 2006

DOI: 10.1071/AP06028

Relative stability among barley plants regenerated from cultured immature embryos

Publisher: Canadian Science Publishing

Date: 06-1987

DOI: 10.1139/G87-071

Abstract: Relative genetic stability was observed among barley plants regenerated from cultured immature embryos. Regenerated plants were studied cytologically and their seed progenies assayed for (i) the isoenzymes esterase and glutamate-oxaloacetate transaminase, (ii) ribosomal DNA spacer length polymorphism, and (iii) hordein patterns on SDS–PAGE. Of 42 regenerated plants, 1 regenerant had abnormal meiosis and the same plant produced one seed with a variant hordein pattern. These findings are discussed in relation to the factors affecting somaclonal variation in cereals and to methods of assaying the variation. Key words: barley, isozymes, somaclonal variation, tissue culture.

Identification of aphid species using protein profiling and matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry

Publisher: Wiley

Date: 23-11-2005

DOI: 10.1111/J.1570-7458.2005.00353.X

Donkey orchid symptomless virus: A viral 'Platypus' from Australian terrestrial orchids

Publisher: Public Library of Science (PLoS)

Date: 05-11-2013

DOI: 10.1371/JOURNAL.PONE.0079587

Evolution of a wild-plant tobamovirus passaged through an exotic host: Fixation of mutations and increased replication

Publisher: Oxford University Press (OUP)

Date: 2017

DOI: 10.1093/VE/VEX001

Abstract: Tobamovirus is a group of viruses that have become serious pathogens of crop plants. As part of a study informing risk of wild plant virus spill over to crops, we investigated the capacity of a solanaceous-infecting tobamovirus from an isolated indigenous flora to adapt to new exotic hosts. Yellow tailflower mild mottle virus (YTMMV) (genus Tobamovirus, family Virgaviridae) was isolated from a wild plant of yellow tailflower (Anthocercis littoria, family Solanaceae) and initially passaged through a plant of Nicotiana benthamiana, then one of Nicotiana glutinosa where a single local lesion was used to inoculate a N. benthamiana plant. Sap from this plant was used as starting material for nine serial passages through three plant species. The virus titre was recorded periodically, and 85% of the virus genome was sequenced at each passage for each host. Six polymorphic sites were found in the YTMMV genome across all hosts and passages. At five of these, the alternate alleles became fixed in the viral genome until the end of the experiment. Of these five alleles, one was a non-synonymous mutation (U1499C) that occurred only when the virus replicated in tomato. The mutant isolate harbouring U1499C, designated YTMMV-δ, increased its titre over passages in tomato and outcompeted the wild-type isolate when both were co-inoculated to tomato. That YTMMV-δ had greater reproductive fitness in an exotic host than did the wild type isolate suggests YTMMV evolution is influenced by host changes.

Insect detection from imagery using YOLOv3-based adaptive feature fusion convolution network

Publisher: CSIRO Publishing

Date: 07-06-2022

DOI: 10.1071/CP21710

Abstract: Context Insects are a major threat to crop production. They can infect, damage, and reduce agricultural yields. Accurate and fast detection of insects will help insect control. From a computer algorithm point of view, insect detection from imagery is a tiny object detection problem. Handling detection of tiny objects in large datasets is challenging due to small resolution of the insects in an image, and other nuisances such as occlusion, noise, and lack of features. Aims Our aim was to achieve a high-performance agricultural insect detector using an enhanced artificial intelligence machine learning technique. Methods We used a YOLOv3 network-based framework, which is a high performing and computationally fast object detector. We further improved the original feature pyramidal network of YOLOv3 by integrating an adaptive feature fusion module. For training the network, we first applied data augmentation techniques to regularise the dataset. Then, we trained the network using the adaptive features and optimised the hyper-parameters. Finally, we tested the proposed network on a subset dataset of the multi-class insect pest dataset Pest24, which contains 25 878 images. Key results We achieved an accuracy of 72.10%, which is superior to existing techniques, while achieving a fast detection rate of 63.8 images per second. Conclusions We compared the results with several object detection models regarding detection accuracy and processing speed. The proposed method achieved superior performance both in terms of accuracy and computational speed. Implications The proposed method demonstrates that machine learning networks can provide a foundation for developing real-time systems that can help better pest control to reduce crop damage.

Genetic mapping and QTL analysis of disease resistance traits in the barley population Baudin × AC Metcalfe

Publisher: CSIRO Publishing

Date: 2011

DOI: 10.1071/CP10154

Abstract: A genetic map of barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) with 163 lified fragment length polymorphism and 69 simple sequence repeat (SSR) markers was constructed using a population of 178 doubled haploid lines from a cross between the varieties ‘Baudin’ and ‘AC Metcalfe’. Linkage groups were assigned to barley chromosomes using published map locations of SSR markers as reference points. The total length of the map was 1307.2 cM with an average interval length of 5.6 cM between markers. The genetic map was used to locate quantitative trait loci (QTLs) for several disease resistance traits. The population was tested for spot type net blotch, caused by Pyrenophora teres f. maculata, and net type net blotch, caused by Pyrenophora teres f. teres, in greenhouse experiments and in a range of field environments in Western Australia and Queensland. The response of the lines to leaf rust (caused by Puccinia hordei L.) at adult plant growth stages was evaluated in Western Australia. Significant marker–trait associations were found for seedling resistance and symptom severity in adult plants to these diseases. A new locus conferring resistance to P. teres f. maculata at both seedling and adult plant stages was detected on the short arm of chromosome 6H. From the seedling testing against P. teres f. teres, five highly repeatable QTLs were detected, on chromosomes 2HS, 2HL, 3HS, 4HL, and 6HS. For leaf rust, one highly significant QTL was detected on chromosome 2HL. The markers within these QTL regions present an opportunity for marker-assisted selection for these traits in barley-breeding programs.

LegumeDB bioinformatics resource: comparative genomic analysis and novel cross genera marker identification in lupin and pasture legume species (vol 49, pg 689, 2006)

Publisher: Canadian Science Publishing

Date: 12-2006

DOI: 10.1139/G03-124

Abstract: In May 2003, Canada became the 22nd country outside of the United Kingdom to report a case of bovine spongiform encephalopathy (BSE) in an animal not known to be imported from a country with cattle previously affected by this fatal, transmissible prion disease. Despite extensive testing of thousands of other animals that may have been exposed to contaminated feed at the same time as the affected animal, no evidence has been found for other infections. This finding leaves room for conjectures that the single confirmed case arose spontaneously, perhaps (by analogy with human Creutzfeldt–Jakob disease) as a result of a somatic protein misfolding event or a novel germline mutation. Here we present DNA sequence data from the affected animal's prion protein coding sequence that argue definitively against the latter hypothesis.Key words: bovine spongiform encephalopathy, spontaneous origin, prions, mutation, Canada.

Fungal endophytes mediate plant drought tolerance through alteration of host metabolism, enzymatic activities and gene expression

Publisher: Scientific Societies

Date: 10-2019

DOI: 10.1094/MPMI-32-10-S1.1

First record of 'Candidatus Phytoplasma australiense' in Paulownia trees

Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC

Date: 2005

DOI: 10.1071/AP04089

Intracytoplasmic inclusions in circulating leukocytes from an eastern box turtle (Terrapene carolina carolina) with iridoviral infection

Publisher: Wildlife Disease Association

Date: 07-2006

DOI: 10.7589/0090-3558-42.3.677

Abstract: A free-ranging adult female eastern box turtle (Terrapene carolina carolina) was presented to the University of Tennessee in October 2003 because of suspected trauma and blindness. Physical examination revealed lethargy, clear ocular and nasal discharges, and white oral and laryngeal plaques. Intracytoplasmic inclusions within heterophils and large mononuclear leukocytes were observed on routine blood smear examination. Postmortem findings included necrosis of epithelial and parenchymal cells with intracytoplasmic inclusions. Ultrastructurally, the leukocyte inclusions consisted of variably electron-dense granular material and viral particles consistent with the Iridoviridae family of viruses. The virus shared 100% sequence identity to a 420-base pair sequence of frog virus 3 (family Iridoviridae, genus Ranavirus) as determined by polymerase chain reaction and gene sequencing targeting a portion of the Ranavirus major capsid protein gene.

Hardenbergia virus A, a novel member of the family Betaflexiviridae from a wild legume in Southwest Australia

Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC

Date: 11-03-2011

DOI: 10.1007/S00705-011-0963-6

Abstract: A 6,936-nucleotide sequence representing the complete genome of a plant virus, tentatively named Hardenbergia virus A, was obtained from Hardenbergia comptoniana. The predicted structure of the genome is a 5' untranslated region (5'UTR), a 258-kDa polyprotein in open reading frame 1 (ORF1), a 43-kDa protein in ORF2, 3'UTR and poly(A) tail. The N-terminal region of ORF1 contains a replicase protein, and the C-terminal region contains a coat protein. The protein encoded by ORF2 has homology with p30-like viral movement proteins. The predicted genome organization and phylogeny of gene products places Hardenbergia virus A within the family Betaflexiviridae.

Somaclonal variation in the Gliadin patterns of grains of regenerated wheat plants

Publisher: Oxford University Press (OUP)

Date: 1985

DOI: 10.1093/JXB/36.12.1976

Look at it this way

Publisher: SAGE Publications

Date: 12-1995

DOI: 10.1177/003072709502400402

A virome from ornamental flowers in an Australian rural town

Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC

Date: 10-06-2019

DOI: 10.1007/S00705-019-04317-7

Abstract: S les of leaves exhibiting symptoms resembling those caused by virus infection were collected from ornamental street flowers in a rural town in Western Australia. Thirty-seven leaf s les were collected from plants of iris, tulip, lily, daffodil, stock and grape hyacinth. Shotgun sequencing of cDNA derived from leaf s les was done, and analysis showed that about 6% of the sequences obtained were of viral origin. Assembly of virus-like sequences revealed complete or partial genome sequences of 13 virus isolates representing 11 virus species. Eight of the isolates were of potyviruses, one was of a macluravirus, three were of potexviruses, and one was of a bunya-like virus. The complete genome of an isolate originally classified as ornithogalum mosaic virus was genetically ergent and differed in polyprotein cleavage motifs, and we propose that this isolate represents a distinct species. The implications of importing to Australia live plant propagules infected with viruses are discussed.

New Australian record for infection of trees in Paulownia plantations by root-knot nematodes

Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC

Date: 2005

DOI: 10.1071/AP05041

Continuous Breeding of Wheat Bulb Fly, Leptohylemyia coarctata(Fall.)

Publisher: Wiley

Date: 09-1972

DOI: 10.1111/J.1365-3059.1972.TB01742.X

'Candidatus Phytoplasma australiense' is associated with diseases of red clover and paddy melon in south-west Australia

Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC

Date: 2006

DOI: 10.1071/AP06012

A simple and rapid in vitro test for large-scale screening of fungal endophytes from drought-adapted Australian wild plants for conferring water deprivation tolerance and growth promotion in Nicotiana benthamiana seedlings

Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC

Date: 21-07-2017

DOI: 10.1007/S00203-017-1411-0

Abstract: Some fungal endophytes confer novel phenotypes and enhance existing ones in plants, including tolerance to water deprivation stress. A range of fungal endophytes was isolated from wild Nicotiana plants growing in arid parts of northern Australia. These were screened for ability to enhance water deprivation stress tolerance by inoculating seedlings of the model plant N. benthamiana in two in vitro tests. Sixty-eight endophyte isolates were co-cultivated with N. benthamiana seedlings on either d filter paper or on agar medium before being subjected to water deprivation. Seventeen isolates were selected for further testing under water deprivation conditions in a sand-based test in a glasshouse. Only two fungal isolates, Cladosporium cladosporioides (E-162) and an unknown fungus (E-284), significantly enhanced seedling tolerance to moisture deprivation consistently in both in vitro and sand-based tests. Although a strongly significant correlation was observed between any two screening methods, the result of filter paper test was more strongly reflected (r = 0.757, p < 0.001) in results of the glasshouse test, indicating its relative suitability over the agar-based test. In another experiment, the same 17 isolates carried forward to the sand-based test used in the glasshouse screening test were inoculated to N. benthamiana plants in pots in a nutrient-limiting environment to test their influence on growth promotion. Isolates related to C. cladosporioides, Fusarium equiseti, and Thozetella sp. promoted seedling growth by increasing shoot length and biomass. The fungal isolate E-162 (C. cladosporioides) significantly enhanced moisture deprivation tolerance as well as promoted seedling growth.

First record of a phytoplasma-associated disease of chickpea (Cicer arietinum) in Australia

Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC

Date: 2005

DOI: 10.1071/AP05047

Publication of league tables needs to be open and accurate

Publisher: BMJ

Date: 02-03-2002

DOI: 10.1136/BMJ.324.7336.542

Transient gene expression in electroporated Solanum protoplasts

Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC

Date: 11-1989

DOI: 10.1007/BF00027310

Abstract: Primary progressive aphasia (PPA) is an uncommon form of progressive dementia for which there exists no established treatment. The underlying pathology may be that of either frontotemporal dementia or Alzheimer's disease. Increasing evidence suggests that excess tumor necrosis factor (TNF) may play a central role in Alzheimer's disease. Additionally, excess TNF has been documented in patients with frontotemporal dementia. Excess TNF may therefore represent a therapeutic target in PPA. Etanercept, an anti-TNF fusion protein, binds to TNF, thereby reducing its biologic effect. Emerging evidence suggests that perispinal administration of etanercept may have therapeutic efficacy for Alzheimer's disease. This evidence, in combination, supports a rationale for the use of perispinal etanercept for the treatment of PPA. This report documents rapid improvement in verbal abilities, beginning within 20 minutes of perispinal etanercept, in a patient with severe PPA. With repeated weekly dosing, sustained improvement at 1 month is documented, with a more than 10-point improvement in the patient's abilities to perform activities of daily living as measured by a standardized instrument, the Alzheimer's Disease Cooperative Study-Activities of Daily Living inventory. Rapid clinical improvement in PPA following perispinal etanercept administration may be related to TNF's role as a gliotransmitter and modulator of synaptic communication in the brain. These results may provide insight into the basic pathophysiologic mechanisms underlying PPA and related forms of dementia and suggest the existence of novel, rapidly reversible, TNF-mediated pathophysiologic mechanisms in both PPA and Alzheimer's disease. Further study of this therapeutic method is indicated.

Differential responses of accessions of native Australian Nicotiana species to water stress

Publisher: CSIRO Publishing

Date: 2018

DOI: 10.1071/BT17148

Abstract: Thirty-two accessions of four Nicotiana species (Nicotiana benthamiana Domin, Nicotiana occidentalis H.-M.Wheeler, Nicotiana simulans N. Burb. and Nicotiana umbratica N.T.Burb.) collected from wild plants in northern Australia were assessed for responses to water stress. Under moderate water stress conditions, shoot fresh weight, shoot dry weight, root fresh weight, root dry weight, root : shoot ratio, and relative water content of leaves were significantly affected. However, the degree to which the accessions were affected varied considerably. Some accessions of N. simulans, N. benthamiana and N. occidentalis were significantly more affected by water stress than others. There was significant variation between accessions in leaf and shoot tip wilting times. Initial symptom expression (leaf wilting) was significantly delayed in three accessions of N. benthamiana, and in one accession of N. umbratica. The least water stress tolerant lines, two accessions each of N. benthamiana, N. occidentalis and N. simulans, exhibited advanced symptoms of water stress (shoot tip wilting) within 14–17 days of cessation of watering. This stage was significantly delayed in three accessions of N. benthamiana and two accessions N. occidentalis and one accession of each of N. simulans and N. umbratica, which showed tip wilting only after 21–24 days. There were variations among the accessions of same Nicotiana species on their tolerance to water stress. Plant responses to water stress could not be predicted from their plant biomass and leaf relative water content under well-watered conditions. Leaf chlorophyll content was variable under water stress, but did not correlate with water stress tolerance.

First report of Narcissus mosaic virus from Australia and from Iris

Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC

Date: 18-04-2014

DOI: 10.1007/S13314-014-0134-1

Observations on feeding and egg development of the wheat bulb fly Leptohylemyia coarctata (Fall.)

Publisher: Cambridge University Press (CUP)

Date: 12-1970

DOI: 10.1017/S0007485300058636

Abstract: The crops and guts of adults of Leptohylemyia coarctata (Fall.) from different parts of England and Scotland contained spores of Septomyxa affinis . This fungus is widespread on dead wheat leaves and grass in wheat fields and is an important food for the flies, especially in south and east England during July and August. Of all flies dissected in 1967, 1968 and 1969, 57%, 39% and 45%, respectively, contained Septomyxa spores. Spores of other fungi, pollen grains, bacteria and yeasts were also ingested. All solid food was ingested in water or honeydew. The weight of the newly emerged female fly almost doubled with the ripening of the first batch of eggs, whereas males remained the same weight or became lighter. Different in iduals had different numbers of ovarioles, so the number of eggs ripe and ready to lay at the same time also differed between in iduals. The mean numbers, 25·6 ± 0·8 in 1968 and 28·6 ± 0·4 in 1969 were fewer than the usually accepted 32. During August, before all the eggs had been laid, many flies were killed by Entomophthora muscae and Strongwellsea castrans .

Transgenic yellow lupin (Lupinus luteus)

Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC

Date: 15-05-2000

DOI: 10.1007/S002990050785

Abstract: Transgenic yellow lupin (Lupinus luteus L.) plants have been generated by meristem co-cultivation with Agrobacterium tumefaciens. The binary plasmid pPZBNIa contains the bar gene under the control of a CaMV 35 S promoter. The transformation method involves inoculation of embryonic axis explants with A. tumefaciens, flooding the meristem with glufosinate, and initial culture on non-selective medium. Shoots were transferred to culture medium containing 20 mg/l glufosinate. Following subculture, shoots were grafted onto non-transgenic narrow-leafed lupin (L. angustifolius L.) seedling rootstocks, or rooted in vitro. The overall transformation efficiency, as determined at the T

RESISTANCE IN SOLANUM BREVIDENS TO BOTH POTATO VIRUS-Y AND POTATO VIRUS-X MAY BE ASSOCIATED WITH SLOW CELL-TO-CELL SPREAD

Publisher: Microbiology Society

Date: 02-1991

DOI: 10.1099/0022-1317-72-2-231

Abstract: A series of experiments was carried out to investigate the nature of the resistance of the wild potato species, Solanum brevidens, to potato virus X (PVX) and potato virus Y (PVY). In vitro inoculation of leaf protoplasts of S. brevidens and the virus-susceptible dihaploid S. tuberosum genotype PDH40 with PVX or PVY using polyethylene glycol showed that protoplasts of both species were similar in susceptibility. However, examination of protoplasts prepared from the leaves of S. tuberosum and S. brevidens inoculated 2 to 5 weeks earlier showed that the percentage of PVX- and PVY-infected leaf cells of S. tuberosum were, respectively, 45- to 100-fold and about 1000-fold greater than the percentage of infected leaf cells of S. brevidens. These results suggest that resistance in S. brevidens to both PVX and PVY could be associated with slow cell-to-cell spread rather than with slow virus replication.

Molecular model of prion transmission to humans

Publisher: Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC)

Date: 12-2009

DOI: 10.3201/EID1512.090194

In vitro amplification and detection of variant Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease PrPSc

Publisher: Wiley

Date: 09-08-2007

DOI: 10.1002/PATH.2204

Abstract: Variant Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease (vCJD) poses a serious risk of secondary transmission and the need to detect infectivity in asymptomatic in iduals is therefore of major importance. Following infection, it is assumed that minute amounts of disease-associated prion protein (PrP(Sc)) replicate by conversion of the host cellular prion protein (PrP(C)). Therefore, methods of rapidly reproducing this conversion process in vitro would be valuable tools in the development of such tests. We show that one such technique, protein misfolding cyclic lification (PMCA), can lify vCJD PrP(Sc) from human brain tissue, and that the degree of lification is dependent upon the substrate PRNP codon 129 polymorphism. Both human platelets and transgenic mouse brain are shown to be suitable alternative substrate sources, and lified PrP(Sc) can be detected using a conformation-dependent immunoassay (CDI), allowing the detection of putative proteinase K sensitive forms of PrP(Sc).

The isolation from Nicandra physalodes and identification of the 3-O-β-D-glucopyranoside of 1α,2β,3α,6α-tetrahydroxy-nor-tropane (Calystegine B1)

Publisher: Elsevier BV

Date: 04-1996

DOI: 10.1016/0040-4039(96)00496-0

Genome sequences and phylogenetic placement of two isolates of Bean common mosaic virus from Macroptilium atropurpureum in north-west Australia

Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC

Date: 2010

DOI: 10.1071/AP09080

Using laser capture microdissection to study gene expression in early stages of giant cells induced by root-knot nematodes

Publisher: Wiley

Date: 11-2004

DOI: 10.1111/J.1364-3703.2004.00255.X

Abstract: SUMMARY Root-knot nematodes (Meloidogyne spp.) are economically important plant parasites that induce specific feeding cells called giant cells in host roots. Study of molecular events involved in induction and differentiation of giant cells has been limited because it is difficult to obtain pure cytoplasm specifically from the highly specialized cells. In this work, laser capture microdissection (LCM) was used to collect cytoplasmic contents from paraffin-embedded sections of 4 day post-inoculation giant cells in tomato roots. Total RNA was isolated from the sections, and used in RT-PCR to investigate expression of cell cycle genes in giant cells. Two D-type cyclin genes, LeCycD3 and LeCycD3 , were expressed at higher levels in giant cells compared with other cell-cycle-related cyclin genes, suggesting that the induction of the G1 phase of the cell cycle may be triggered in response to stimulation by the infecting nematode. LCM provides a powerful new tool to study the molecular basis of host-pathogen interactions at the cellular or subcellular level.

Cereal Tissue and Cell Culture

Publisher: Springer Netherlands

Date: 1985

DOI: 10.1007/978-94-009-5133-4

Serendipitous identification of Pratylenchus curvicauda from the grainbelt of Western Australia

Publisher: Walter de Gruyter GmbH

Date: 2019

DOI: 10.21307/JOFNEM-2019-046

Abstract: A Pratylenchus species identified during a survey of Pratylenchus quasitereoides incidence at four locations of the grainbelt of Western Australia is described. Morphological and morphometric features indicated the previously undescribed morphotypes in nematode mixtures encountered were conspecific to P. curvicauda , and were clearly distinguishable from nine common Pratylenchus spp. Typical features of P. curvicauda were its body length (415–540 µm), which was curved to a c-shaped with a maximum body diameter of 20 µm, and the nature of its tail 34 µm long, 2.8 µm wide at the anus and a typical ventrally arcuate with a round terminus. Sequenced for the first time, the sequences of the partial 18S-ITS1-5.8S-ITS2-partial 28S (80 clones, 14 in idual nematodes) and the 28S-D3 (17 clones) regions of the rDNA of P. curvicauda had overall mean distances of 0.013 and 0.085, respectively. Phylogenetic analyses with sequences of both segments of the rDNA clearly showed the P. curvicauda isolates as monophyletic, distinct from ca 40 Pratylenchus species. Notably, it was distinct from Pratylenchus species present in Australia including P. quasitereoides and a Western Australia isolate of P. thornei . Further research into the biology of P. curvicauda is needed to facilitate development of strategies for its management, if it is an important pest.

Small RNA Analyses of a Ceratobasidium Isolate Infected with Three Endornaviruses

Publisher: MDPI AG

Date: 17-10-2022

DOI: 10.3390/V14102276

Abstract: Isolates of three endornavirus species were identified co-infecting an unidentified species of Ceratobasidium, itself identified as a symbiont from within the roots of a wild plant of the terrestrial orchid Pterostylis vittata in Western Australia. Isogenic lines of the fungal isolate lacking all three mycoviruses were derived from the virus-infected isolate. To observe how presence of endornaviruses influenced gene expression in the fungal host, we sequenced fungus-derived small RNA species from the virus-infected and virus-free isogenic lines and compared them. The presence of mycoviruses influenced expression of small RNAs. Of the 3272 fungus-derived small RNA species identified, the expression of 9.1% (300 of 3272) of them were up-regulated, and 0.6% (18 of 3272) were down-regulated in the presence of the viruses. Fourteen novel micro-RNA-like RNAs (Cer-milRNAs) were predicted. Gene target prediction of the differentially expressed Cer-milRNAs was quite ambiguous however, fungal genes involved in transcriptional regulation, catalysis, molecular binding, and metabolic activities such as gene expression, DNA metabolic processes and regulation activities were differentially expressed in the presence of the mycoviruses.

Genomes of parasitic nematodes (Meloidogyne hapla, Meloidogyne incognita, Ascaris suum and Brugia malayi) have a reduced complement of small RNA interference pathway genes: knockdown can reduce host infectivity of M. incognita

Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC

Date: 28-04-2016

DOI: 10.1007/S10142-016-0495-Y

Abstract: The discovery of RNA interference (RNAi) as an endogenous mechanism of gene regulation in a range of eukaryotes has resulted in its extensive use as a tool for functional genomic studies. It is important to study the mechanisms which underlie this phenomenon in different organisms, and in particular to understand details of the effectors that modulate its effectiveness. The aim of this study was to identify and compare genomic sequences encoding genes involved in the RNAi pathway of four parasitic nematodes: the plant parasites Meloidogyne hapla and Meloidogyne incognita and the animal parasites Ascaris suum and Brugia malayi because full genomic sequences were available-in relation to those of the model nematode Caenorhabditis elegans. The data generated was then used to identify some potential targets for control of the root knot nematode, M. incognita. Of the 84 RNAi pathway genes of C. elegans used as model in this study, there was a 42-53 % reduction in the number of effectors in the parasitic nematodes indicating substantial differences in the pathway between species. A gene each from six functional groups of the RNAi pathway of M. incognita was downregulated using in vitro RNAi, and depending on the gene (drh-3, tsn-1, rrf-1, xrn-2, mut-2 and alg-1), subsequent plant infection was reduced by up to 44 % and knockdown of some genes (i.e. drh-3, mut-2) also resulted in abnormal nematode development. The information generated here will contribute to defining targets for more robust nematode control using the RNAi technology.

PLANT GENETICS - TRANSFORMATION OF CEREAL CROPS BY DIRECT GENE-TRANSFER

Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC

Date: 10-1985

DOI: 10.1038/317579A0

The application of in vitro cell-free conversion systems to human prion diseases

Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC

Date: 10-06-2011

DOI: 10.1007/S00401-010-0708-8

Abstract: A key event in the pathogenesis of prion diseases is the conversion of the normal cellular isoform of the prion protein into the disease-associated isoform, but the mechanisms operating in this critical event are not yet fully understood. A number of novel approaches have recently been developed to study factors influencing this process. One of these, the protein misfolding cyclical lification (PMCA) technique, has been used to explore defined factors influencing the conversion of cellular prion protein in a cell-free model system. Although initially developed in animal models, this technique has been increasingly applied to human prion diseases. Recent studies have focused on the role of different isoforms of the disease-associated human prion protein and the effects of the naturally occurring polymorphism at codon 129 in the human prion protein gene on the conversion process, improving our understanding of the interaction between host and agent factors that influence the wide range of phenotypes in human prion diseases. This technique also allows a greatly enhanced sensitivity of detection of disease-associated prion protein in human tissues and fluids, which is potentially applicable to disease screening, particularly for variant Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease. The PMCA technique can also be used to model human susceptibility to a range of prions of non-human origin, which is likely to prove of considerable future interest as more novel and potentially pathogenic prion diseases are identified in animal species that form part of the human food chain.

The permeability of electroporated cells and protoplasts of sugar beet

Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC

Date: 11-1987

DOI: 10.1007/BF00398663

The challenges of using high-throughput sequencing to track multiple bipartite mycoviruses of wild orchid-fungus partnerships over consecutive years

Publisher: Elsevier BV

Date: 10-2017

DOI: 10.1016/J.VIROL.2017.07.031

Abstract: The bipartite alpha- and betapartitiviruses are recorded from a wide range of fungi and plants. Using a combination of dsRNA-enrichment, high-throughput shotgun sequencing and informatics, we report the occurrence of multiple new partitiviruses associated with mycorrhizal Ceratobasidium fungi, themselves symbiotically associated with a small wild population of Pterostylis sanguinea orchids in Australia, over two consecutive years. Twenty-one partial or near-complete sequences representing 16 definitive alpha- and betapartitivirus species, and further possible species, were detected from two fungal isolates. The majority of partitiviruses occurred in fungal isolates from both years. Two of the partitiviruses represent phylogenetically ergent forms of Alphapartitivirus, suggesting that they may have evolved under long geographical isolation there. We address the challenge of pairing the two genomic segments of partitiviruses to identify species when multiple partitiviruses co-infect a single host.

Using Vital Dyes to Trace Uptake of dsRNA by Green Peach Aphid Allows Effective Assessment of Target Gene Knockdown

Publisher: MDPI AG

Date: 03-07-2017

DOI: 10.3390/IJMS18010080

Multiplex CRISPR-Cas9 Gene-Editing Can Deliver Potato Cultivars with Reduced Browning and Acrylamide

Publisher: MDPI AG

Date: 13-01-2023

DOI: 10.3390/PLANTS12020379

Abstract: Storing potato tubers at cold temperatures, either for transport or continuity of supply, is associated with the conversion of sucrose to reducing sugars. When cold-stored cut tubers are processed at high temperatures, with endogenous asparagine, acrylamide is formed. Acrylamide is classified as a carcinogen. Potato processors prefer cultivars which accumulate fewer reducing sugars and thus less acrylamide on processing, and suitable processing cultivars may not be available. We used CRISPR-Cas9 to disrupt the genes encoding vacuolar invertase (VInv) and asparagine synthetase 1 (AS1) of cultivars Atlantic and Desiree to reduce the accumulation of reducing sugars and the production of asparagine after cold storage. Three of the four guide RNAs employed induced mutation frequencies of 17–98%, which resulted in deletions, insertions and substitutions at the targeted gene sites. Eight of ten edited events had mutations in at least one allele of both genes for two, only the VInv was edited. No wild-type allele was detected in both genes of events DSpco7, DSpFN4 and DSpco12, suggesting full allelic mutations. Tubers of two Atlantic and two Desiree events had reduced fructose and glucose concentrations after cold storage. Crisps from these and four other Desiree events were lighter in colour and included those with 85% less acrylamide. These results demonstrate that multiplex CRISPR-Cas9 technology can generate improved potato cultivars for healthier processed potato products.

A novel member of the Tombusviridae from a wild legume, Gompholobium preissii

Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC

Date: 25-07-0005

DOI: 10.1007/S00705-016-2992-7

Abstract: As part of an investigation into viruses of wild plants in Australia, a contiguous sequence of 3935 nucleotides was obtained after shotgun sequencing of RNA isolated from an asymptomatic wild legume, Gompholobium preissii. Phylogenetic analysis of the sequence revealed that it most closely resembled that of Trailing lespedeza virus 1 (TLV1), a virus isolated from a wild legume in America. The proposed virus, named Gompholobium virus A, and TLV1 are genetically closest to viruses in the genera Alphacarmovirus and Pelarspovirus, family Tombusviridae, but they share features distinguishing them from both groups.

Inactivating a herbicide-resistance transgene in Nicotiana tabacum plants using CRISPR/Cas9

Publisher: Elsevier BV

Date: 12-2022

DOI: 10.1016/J.PLGENE.2022.100387

Micro-gel electrophoretic examination of soluble proteins in giant transfer cells and associated root-knot nematodes (Meloidogyne javanica) in balsam roots

Publisher: Elsevier BV

Date: 05-1980

DOI: 10.1016/S0048-4059(80)80008-7

Functional characterization of transcripts expressed in early-stage Meloidogyne javanica-induced giant cells isolated by laser microdissection

Publisher: Wiley

Date: 08-02-2009

DOI: 10.1111/J.1364-3703.2008.00526.X

Somatic cell genetics of potato Solanum tuberosum L. III. Somatic hybridization of two amino acid analog resistant cell lines by electrofusion (Meetings of the Royal Botanical Society of the Netherlands)

Publisher: Wiley

Date: 02-1986

DOI: 10.1111/J.1438-8677.1986.TB00445.X

Scanning electron microscopy of syncytia induced By nacobbus aberrans in Tomato Roots

Publisher: Brill

Date: 1977

DOI: 10.1163/187529277X00516

Evaluation of heat shock protein 70 as a biomarker of environmental stress in Fucus serratus and Lemna minor

Publisher: Informa UK Limited

Date: 2004

DOI: 10.1080/13547500410001732610

Genotype-dependent molecular evolution of sheep Bovine Spongiform Encephalopathy (BSE) prionsin vitro affects their zoonotic potential

Publisher: Elsevier BV

Date: 09-2014

DOI: 10.1074/JBC.M114.582965

Isolation, culture, and regeneration of plants from potato protoplasts

Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC

Date: 1989

DOI: 10.1007/BF00274137

SCANNING ELECTRON-MICROSCOPY OF SYNCYTIAL TRANSFER CELLS INDUCED IN ROOTS BY CYST-NEMATODES

Publisher: Elsevier BV

Date: 12-1975

DOI: 10.1016/0048-4059(75)90030-2

Gene silencing in root lesion nematodes (Pratylenchus spp.) significantly reduces reproduction in a plant host

Publisher: Elsevier BV

Date: 02-2013

DOI: 10.1016/J.EXPPARA.2012.11.011

Abstract: Root lesion nematodes (RLNs, Pratylenchus species) are a group of economically important migratory endoparasitic plant pathogens that attack host roots of major crops such as wheat and sugarcane, and can reduce crop yields by 7-15%. Pratylenchus thornei and Pratylenchus zeae were treated with double stranded RNA (dsRNA) to study gene silencing, (RNA interference, RNAi), as a potential strategy for their control. Mixed stages of nematodes of both species ingested dsRNA when incubated in a basic soaking solution in the presence of the neurostimulant octopamine. Incubation for up to 16 h in soaking solutions containing 10-50 mM octopamine, 0.1-1.0 mg/mL FITC, and 0.5-6 mM spermidine did not affect vitality. Spermidine phosphate salt hexahydrate rather than spermidine or spermidine trihydrochloride increased uptake of FITC by nematodes, and this resulted in more effective gene silencing. Silencing pat-10 and unc-87 genes of P. thornei and P. zeae resulted in paralysis and uncoordinated movements in both species, although to a higher degree in P. thornei. There was also a greater reduction in transcript of both genes in P. thornei indicating that it may be more susceptible to RNAi. For P. thornei treated with dsRNA of pat-10 and unc-87 there was a significant reduction (77-81%) in nematode reproduction on carrot mini discs over a 5 week period. The results show that RLNs are clearly amenable to gene silencing, and that in planta delivery of dsRNA to target genes in these nematodes should confer host resistance. Moreover, for the two genes, dsRNA derived from either nematode species silenced the corresponding gene in both species. This implies cross-species control of nematodes via RNAi is possible.

Nucleotide and deduced amino acid sequence of the 3' end of the BYMV-MI genome

Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC

Date: 12-1995

DOI: 10.1007/BF01323246

Fusion characteristics of plant protoplasts in electric fields

Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC

Date: 1985

DOI: 10.1007/BF00395043

An Antibody to the aggregated synthetic prion protein peptide (PrP106-126) selectively recognizes disease-associated prion protein (PrPSc) from human brain specimens

Publisher: Wiley

Date: 05-03-2009

DOI: 10.1111/J.1750-3639.2008.00181.X

De Novo Transcriptome Sequencing and Analysis of the Cereal Cyst Nematode, Heterodera avenae

Publisher: Public Library of Science (PLoS)

Date: 06-05-2014

DOI: 10.1371/JOURNAL.PONE.0096311

Dissecting the telomere region of barley chromosome 5HL using rice genomic sequences as references: new markers for tracking a complex region in breeding

Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC

Date: 18-02-2011

DOI: 10.1007/S11032-010-9408-2

Genotyping single nucleotide polymorphisms for selection of barley β-amylase alleles

Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC

Date: 06-2002

DOI: 10.1007/BF02799430

Typing Mlo alleles for powdery mildew resistance in barley by single nucleotide polymorphism analysis using MALDI-ToF mass spectrometry

Publisher: CSIRO Publishing

Date: 2003

DOI: 10.1071/AR02186

Abstract: Single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) have been identified in a range of plant genomes. Development of rapid, low-cost methods to enable their validation and implementation as molecular markers is now required for practical applications. We report the development of single and multi-nucleotide primer extension assays to genotype co-dominant SNPs from small quantities of barley leaf tissue. In the single nucleotide primer extension assay, a genotyping primer with its 3′ end directly flanking a SNP was annealed to a target sequence and extended by a single dideoxynucleotide triphosphate complementary to the polymorphic base. In the multi-nucleotide primer extension assay, designed to facilitate allele calling, the genotyping primer with its 3′ end flanking the SNP was extended by either 1 or 2 nucleotides, depending on the allele encountered. Extension products were analysed using MALDI-ToF mass spectrometry and, making use of the molecular weight difference between DNA bases, the incorporated nucleotides were identified by the increase in mass of the extended primers. Based on a SNP identified in the barley Mlo gene, primer extension assays were designed and used for co-dominant marker-assisted selection of barley seedlings segregating for mlo-mediated resistance to powdery mildew. This allowed accurate selection of progeny lines carrying alleles for resistance to powdery mildew, including heterozygotes. Doubled haploid barley progenies were screened for Mlo alleles and a complete correlation between mlo/mlo genotype and resistant phenotype was found The method has been used by barley breeders for routine selection of barley genotypes resistant to powdery mildew.

Transient gene expression in aleurone protoplasts isolated from developing caryopses of barley and wheat

Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC

Date: 07-1989

DOI: 10.1007/BF00027332

Abstract: The pulmonary innate immune system responds to various airborne microbes. Although its specificity is broad and based on the recognition of pathogen-associated molecular patterns, it is uniquely regulated to limit inflammation and thereby prevent damage to the gas-exchanging alveoli. Macrophages, critical cell determinants of this system, recognize microbes through pattern recognition receptors such as TLRs, which typically mediate proinflammatory responses. The lung collectin, surfactant protein A (SP-A), has emerged as an important innate immune determinant that regulates microbe-macrophage interactions in this environment. In this study, we report the basal and SP-A-induced transcriptional and posttranslational regulation of TLR2 and TLR4 expression during the differentiation of primary human monocytes into macrophages. Despite SP-A's ability to up-regulate TLR2 expression on human macrophages, it d ens TLR2 and TLR4 signaling in these cells. SP-A decreases the phosphorylation of IkappaBalpha, a key regulator of NF-kappaB activity, and nuclear translocation of p65 which result in diminished TNF-alpha secretion in response to TLR ligands. SP-A also reduces the phosphorylation of TLR signaling proteins upstream of NF-kappaB, including members of the MAPK family. Finally, we report for the first time that SP-A decreases the phosphorylation of Akt, a major cell regulator of NF-kappaB and potentially MAPKs. These data identify a critical role for SP-A in modulating the lung inflammatory response by regulating macrophage TLR activity.

IMPROVED HYPHAL GROWTH OF 2 SPECIES OF VESICULAR ARBUSCULAR MYCORRHIZAL FUNGI IN THE PRESENCE OF SUSPENSION-CULTURED PLANT-CELLS

Publisher: Wiley

Date: 11-1985

DOI: 10.1111/J.1469-8137.1985.TB02848.X

Abstract: Conditions required for the combined culture of either Glomus caledonium (Nicol. & Gerd.) Trappe & Gerdemann or Glomus mosseae (Nicol. & Gerd.) Gerdemann & Trappe with suspension‐cultured plant cells have been investigated. Sucrose levels (0.05 to 0.5%, w/v) lower than those used for growth of plant cells were optimal for hyphal growth of both G. caledonium and G. mosseae. In vitro hyphal growth from chlamydospores of G. caledonium was stimulated by addition of cells of wheat ( Triticum aestivum L. cv. Maris Butler), lucerne ( Medicago sativa L. cv. Europ) and potato ( Solanum tuberosum L. cv. Maris Piper). The presence of wheat cells similarly stimulated hyphal growth from chlamydospores of G. mosseae. Further tests on the effect of lucerne cells on G. caledonium indicated that a volatile substance was involved in the improvement of hyphal growth.

Assessment of the pest status of Pratylenchus curvicauda and ultrastructural changes in roots of infected wheat and barley

Publisher: Wiley

Date: 05-07-2020

DOI: 10.1111/PPA.13232

Host specificity of Endophytic Mycobiota of wild Nicotiana plants from arid regions of Northern Australia

Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC

Date: 13-07-2017

DOI: 10.1007/S00248-017-1020-0

Abstract: In arid regions of northern Australia, plants survive under water deficit, high temperatures, intense solar radiation and nutrient-impoverished soils. They employ various morpho-physiological and biochemical adaptations including interaction with microbial symbionts. We evaluated identity, host and tissue association with geographical distribution of fungal endophytes isolated from above- and below-ground tissues of plants of three indigenous Australian Nicotiana species. Isolation frequency and α- ersity were significantly higher for root endophyte assemblages than those of stem and leaf tissues. We recorded no differences in endophyte species richness or ersity as a function of s ling location, but did detect differences among different host genotypes and plant tissues. There was a significant pattern of community similarity associated with host genotypes but no consistent pattern of fungal community structuring associated with s ling location and tissue type, regardless of the community similarity measurements used.

Yellow tailflower mild mottle virus: A new tobamovirus described from Anthocercis littorea (Solanaceae) in Western Australia

Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC

Date: 19-10-2014

DOI: 10.1007/S00705-013-1891-4

Abstract: The complete genome sequence of a tobamovirus was determined from a wild plant of yellow tailflower (Anthocercis littorea, family Solanaceae) that exhibited mild mottling and chlorosis on the leaves. The virus induced severe symptoms including systemic necrosis when inoculated to plants of three other solanaceous species. The viral genome was resequenced after passage in Nicotiana benthamiana. The two genomes were 6379 nucleotides in length, and they differed by three nucleotides. Phylogenetic analysis and the deduced architecture of the genome place the virus, provisionally named yellow tailflower mild mottle virus, with other tobamoviruses that infect solanaceous hosts.

ISOLATION, CULTURE AND MORPHOGENESIS FROM WHEAT PROTOPLASTS, AND STUDY OF EXPRESSION OF DNA CONSTRUCTS BY DIRECT GENE-TRANSFER

Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC

Date: 1988

DOI: 10.1007/BF00040091

Root-knot nematodes and giant cells

Publisher: Springer Netherlands

Date: 2011

DOI: 10.1007/978-94-007-0434-3_5

Application of laser microdissection to study plant-fungal pathogen interactions

Publisher: Humana Press

Date: 2010

DOI: 10.1007/978-1-60761-611-5_11

Abstract: Laser microdissection (LM) has become an important tool for isolating in idual cells or cell types from suitably prepared tissue s les. The technique can be used to isolate both fungal and host plant cells after pathogen infection for molecular studies. S le preparation is a crucial step in LM and involves fixing s les with appropriate fixatives to preserve the integrity of cell morphology and target metabolites (e.g., RNA), and embedding the fixed tissue in paraffin wax for sectioning onto microscope slides. The s le sections are then deparaffinised, rehydrated, and cells are dissected by a laser focused through a microscope. LM s les are collected into protective (e.g., RNAse-free) medium for isolation of RNA. The RNA can then be subjected to gene expression studies such as quantitative RT-PCR and microarray analysis after a linear RNA lification process.

Catharanthus mosaic virus: A potyvirus from a gymnosperm, Welwitschia mirabilis

Publisher: Elsevier BV

Date: 05-2015

DOI: 10.1016/J.VIRUSRES.2015.03.007

Abstract: A virus from a symptomatic plant of the gymnosperm Welwitschia mirabilis Hook. growing as an ornamental plant in a domestic garden in Western Australia was inoculated to a plant of Nicotiana benthamiana where it established a systemic infection. The complete genome sequence of 9636 nucleotides was determined using high-throughput and Sanger sequencing technologies. The genome sequence shared greatest identity (83% nucleotides and 91% amino acids) with available partial sequences of catharanthus mosaic virus, indicating that the new isolate belonged to that taxon. Analysis of the phylogeny of the complete virus sequence placed it in a monotypic group in the genus Potyvirus. This is the first record of a virus from W. mirabilis, the first complete genome sequence of catharanthus mosaic virus determined, and the first record from Australia. This finding illustrates the risk to natural and managed systems posed by the international trade in live plants and propagules, which enables viruses to establish in new regions and infect new hosts.

Resistance to potato virus Y and potato virus X in Solanurn brevidens

Publisher: Wiley

Date: 02-1990

DOI: 10.1111/J.1744-7348.1990.TB06594.X

CELLULAR ALTERATIONS INDUCED IN SOYBEAN ROOTS BY 3 ENDOPARASITIC NEMATODES

Publisher: Elsevier BV

Date: 03-1975

DOI: 10.1016/0048-4059(75)90015-6

A non-aphid-transmissible isolate of bean yellow mosaic potyvirus has an altered NAG motif in its coat protein

Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC

Date: 09-2002

DOI: 10.1007/S00705-002-0846-Y

Abstract: An isolate of Bean yellow mosaic virus (BYMV) not transmitted by aphids (NAT) was compared with the aphid-transmissible isolate (MI) from which it was derived. For each isolate, the sequence of the coat protein and parts of the helper component was determined. A single nucleotide substitution caused a NAG to NAS alteration in the coat protein of the non aphid-transmissible isolate. Loss of aphid transmissibility in isolate BYMV(MI)-NAT was most likely caused by this mutation within the NAG motif. Systemic movement and accumulation of the virus in infected plants were not affected by the mutation.

Advances in Understanding the Molecular Mechanisms of Root Lesion Nematode Host Interactions

Publisher: Annual Reviews

Date: 04-08-2016

DOI: 10.1146/ANNUREV-PHYTO-080615-100257

Abstract: Root lesion nematodes (RLNs) are one of the most economically important groups of plant nematodes. As migratory endoparasites, their presence in roots is less obvious than infestations of sedentary endoparasites nevertheless, in many instances, they are the major crop pests. With increasing molecular information on nematode parasitism, available data now reflect the differences and, in particular, similarities in lifestyle between migratory and sedentary endoparasites. Far from being unsophisticated compared with sedentary endoparasites, migratory endoparasites are exquisitely suited to their parasitic lifestyle. What they lack in effectors required for induction of permanent feeding sites, they make up for with their versatile host range and their ability to move and feed from new host roots and survive adverse conditions. In this review, we summarize the current molecular data available for RLNs and highlight differences and similarities in effectors and molecular mechanisms between migratory and sedentary endoparasitic nematodes.

A novel approach to identify plant parasitic nematodes using matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry

Publisher: Wiley

Date: 11-05-2005

DOI: 10.1002/RCM.1943

Abstract: Plant parasitic nematodes are difficult to identify because different species are morphologically similar, and this makes their control more difficult. The aim of this work was to develop a rapid, simple method to identify plant parasitic nematodes, based on analysis of protein profiles of nematodes generated by matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOFMS). Two methods have been used: grinding and direct analysis of intact nematodes. Both methods were standardised using the nematode Anguina tritici (wheat seed-gall nematode) as a model. Development of the approach involved optimisation of experimental parameters to generate reproducible diagnostic protein profiles for plant parasitic nematodes. With alpha-cyano-4-hydroxycinnamic acid (CHCA) as the matrix, the most effective solvent extraction was with 90% acetone. With sinapinic acid (SA) as matrix, 90% ethanol was most effective. When intact nematodes were analysed directly by mixing with the matrix solution, 40 min extraction with CHCA matrix solution generated the best protein profiles. The standardised methods were applied to analyse the seed-gall nematodes A. tritici and A. funesta and to the root-knot nematode, Meloidogyne javanica, which infects many horticultural crops. Typical protein profiles and diagnostic peaks were identified for these nematode species and for mixtures of Anguina species. The results provide 'proof-of-concept' that these nematode species can be identified by protein profiling using MALDI-TOFMS. This new approach could be extended to identify other plant and non-plant parasitic nematodes.

Novel Endorna-like viruses, including three with two open reading frames, challenge the membership criteria and taxonomy of the Endornaviridae

Publisher: Elsevier BV

Date: 12-2016

DOI: 10.1016/J.VIROL.2016.08.019

Abstract: Viruses associated with wild orchids and their mycorrhizal fungi are poorly studied. Using a shotgun sequencing approach, we identified eight novel endornavirus-like genome sequences from isolates of Ceratobasidium fungi isolated from pelotons within root cortical cells of wild indigenous orchid species Microtis media, Pterostylis sanguinea and an undetermined species of Pterostylis in Western Australia. They represent the first endornaviruses to be described from orchid mycorrhizal fungi and from the Australian continent. Five of the novel endornaviruses were detected from one Ceratobasidium isolate collected from one Pterostylis plant. The partial and complete viral replicases shared low (9-30%) identities with one another and with endornaviruses described from elsewhere. Four had genome lengths greater than those of previously described endornaviruses, two resembled ascomycete-infecting endornaviruses, and unlike currently described endornaviruses, three had two open reading frames. The unusual features of these new viruses challenge current taxonomic criteria for membership of the family Endornaviridae.

Fungal endophytes and a virus confer drought tolerance to Nicotiana benthamiana plants through modulating osmolytes, antioxidant enzymes and expression of host drought responsive genes

Publisher: Elsevier BV

Date: 05-2018

DOI: 10.1016/J.ENVEXPBOT.2018.02.009

Sequence variation and haplotypes of lipoxygenase gene LOX-1 in the Australian barley varieties

Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC

Date: 19-03-2014

DOI: 10.1186/1471-2156-15-36

Plant gene transfer

Publisher: Springer Berlin Heidelberg

Date: 1997

DOI: 10.1007/978-3-642-87873-2_8

Variability in potato tissue culture

Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC

Date: 10-1989

DOI: 10.1007/BF02853986

Reproducible regeneration of callus from suspension culture protoplasts of the grass lolium multiflorum

Publisher: Elsevier BV

Date: 02-1982

DOI: 10.1016/S0044-328X(82)80020-2

Exotic and indigenous viruses infect wild populations and captive collections of temperate terrestrial orchids (Diuris species) in Australia

Publisher: Elsevier BV

Date: 2013

DOI: 10.1016/J.VIRUSRES.2012.10.003

Abstract: Four species of Diuris temperate terrestrial orchids from wild and captive populations were tested for the presence of polyadenylated RNA viruses. The genomes of three exotic viruses were determined: two potyviruses, Bean yellow mosaic virus and Ornithogalum mosaic virus, and the polerovirus Turnip yellows virus. The genomes of five indigenous viruses were detected, including four novel species. They were the potyvirus Blue squill virus A, another potyvirus, two proposed capilloviruses, and a partitivirus. Partitivirus infection is of interest as this group of viruses is also associated with endophytic fungi (mycorrhizae) that are necessary for the germination, growth, development of many terrestrial orchids. Sequence ergence data indicate post-European, pre-European, and endemic origins for these viruses via inoculum from introduced and native plants. The implications of the findings of this study for orchid conservation, and particularly reintroduction programs where viruses may be spread inadvertently to wild populations from infected propagation sources, are discussed.

An assessment of genetic stability of potato in vitro by molecular and phenotypic analysis

Publisher: Elsevier BV

Date: 1991

DOI: 10.1016/0168-9452(91)90146-Y

Protein biomarkers to distinguish oat and lucerne races of the stem nematode, Ditylenchus dipsaci, with quarantine significance for Western Australia

Publisher: Brill

Date: 2009

DOI: 10.1163/138855409X12465362560557

Abstract: The stem and bulb nematode, Ditylenchus dipsaci, is a serious pest of forage, horticultural and other crops. The two races of D. dipsaci that occur in Australia are the oat and lucerne races. These two races have the 'normal' morphology compared to the 'giant' type that attacks Vicia faba. The oat and lucerne races have been found in eastern Australia but not in Western Australia. There are no morphological or specific molecular tests to differentiate races within closely related 'normal' types of D. dipsaci. The aim of this work was to find protein biomarkers that would differentiate oat and lucerne races of D. dipsaci using matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionisation time-of-flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOFMS), 2-D PAGE and associated proteomics techniques. Three protein biomarkers at m/z 4313 ± 0.1%, 6300 ± 0.1% and 7460 ± 0.1% were found that discriminate the oat and lucerne races of D. dipsaci using MALDI-TOFMS. The biomarker at m/z 4313 ± 0.1% was the prominent race-specific marker for the lucerne race and is almost absent in the oat race. In addition, proteomic maps were obtained by 2-D PAGE of proteins extracted from oat and lucerne races of D. dipsaci. This analysis allowed a comparison of acetone soluble proteins of oat and lucerne races of D. dipsaci. A prominent protein spot was identified with an isoelectric point (pI) of about 5 and molecular mass ca 4.5 kDa for the lucerne race, which was absent in the oat race. This particular protein was trypsin-digested and analysed by MALDI-TOFMS and MALDI-TOF-TOFMS. The resultant spectra of peptide mass fingerprints (PMF) showed two major peptides at m/z 845 ± 0.1%, 916 ± 0.1% and a less intense peptide at m/z 1258 ± 0.1%. De novo sequencing and MS/MS interpreted amino acid sequences are presented.

Complete genome analysis of three isolates of narcissus late season yellows virus and two of narcissus yellow stripe virus: Three species or one?

Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC

Date: 03-01-2014

DOI: 10.1007/S00705-013-1969-Z

Abstract: Complete genome sequences of two new isolates of narcissus late season yellows virus (NLSYV) from Australia were compared with the other NLSYV genome from China and with two complete genomes of isolates designated narcissus yellow stripe virus (NYSV), one from Australia and the other from China. On the basis of symptoms on natural and experimental host species, and genome sequence identity, the isolates could either be classified as closely related members of three different species or placed together in one taxon. Options for classification of these potyvirus isolates are discussed.

Host cell responses to endoparasitic nematode attack: Structure and function of giant cells and syncytia

Publisher: Wiley

Date: 04-1981

DOI: 10.1111/J.1744-7348.1981.TB05122.X

Characterisation and quantitation of mutant and wild-type genomes of Hardenbergia mosaic virus isolates co-infecting a wild plant of Hardenbergia comptoniana

Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC

Date: 22-03-2011

DOI: 10.1007/S00705-011-0965-4

Abstract: Deep sequencing of the polyadenylated transcriptome of a wild plant of Hardenbergia comptoniana was used to distinguish with high support complete genome sequences of two distinct isolates of Hardenbergia mosaic virus (HarMV) co-infecting it. Isolates shared 82.0% nucleotide (nt) and 86.7% amino acid (aa) identity. Isolate 57.1 (9,628 nt) had a deletion of 17 contiguous aa within the conserved core region of the coat protein (CP), while isolate 57.2 (9,675 nt) had a wild-type CP. Overall, HarMV genomes accounted for 10.69% of total transcripts sequenced, and the mutant virus genome was 23.1% more highly expressed than the wild-type genome.

Transmembrane potentials of parenchyma cells and nematode-induced transfer cells

Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC

Date: 03-1975

DOI: 10.1007/BF01567756

Four Tulasnella taxa associated with populations of the Australian evergreen terrestrial orchid Cryptostylis ovata

Publisher: Elsevier BV

Date: 2020

DOI: 10.1016/J.FUNBIO.2019.10.006

Abstract: Of the more than 400 indigenous orchid species in Western Australia, Cryptostylis ovata is the only species that retains its leaves all year round. It exists as a terrestrial herb and occasionally as an epiphyte in forested areas. Like all terrestrial orchids, C. ovata plants associate with mycorrhizal fungi, but their identities have not previously been investigated. Fungi were isolated from pelotons in rhizomes collected from three southern and two northern populations of C. ovata on six occasions over two years. Phylogenetic analysis of ITS sequences temporally and spatially revealed that all the fungal isolates were of Tulasnella species of four distinct groups. One Tulasnella group was present only in the three southern orchid populations, and it closely resembled T. prima isolates previously described from Chiloglottis sp. orchids from eastern Australia. Isolates collected from plants in the two northern populations were of three undescribed Tulasnella groups. Analysis of intra-group ersity using inter-simple sequence repeat markers revealed that plants were usually colonised by a single genotype of Tulasnella at each s ling period, and this genotype usually, but not always, persisted with the host plant over both years tested.

L-(+)-swainsonine and other pyrrolidine inhibitors of naringinase: Through an enzymic looking glass from D-mannosidase to L-rhamnosidase?

Publisher: Elsevier BV

Date: 11-1996

DOI: 10.1016/0040-4039(96)01957-0

Narcissus late season yellows virus and Vallota speciosa virus found infecting domestic and wild populations of Narcissus species in Australia

Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC

Date: 18-05-2010

DOI: 10.1007/S00705-010-0682-4

Abstract: Isolates of Narcissus late season yellows virus (NLSYV) were identified from domestic and wild Narcissus populations at incidences of 66 and 49%, respectively. NLSYV was also detected in one plant of Clivea miniata. Comparisons of nucleotide and amino acid sequences of the coat protein genes of NLSYV isolates showed that they formed three distinct phylogenetic groups, including one not seen before. Vallota speciosa virus was detected in one domestic population of Narcissus sp. where it infected 70% of the plants. This is the first report of these viruses in Australia, and of NLSYV infecting C. miniata.

Resistance to Subterranean clover mottle virus in Medicago truncatula and genetic mapping of a resistance locus

Publisher: CSIRO Publishing

Date: 2009

DOI: 10.1071/CP08373

Abstract: Subterranean clover mottle virus (SCMoV), which causes an important disease of annual clover pastures, was inoculated to the annual pasture legume Medicago truncatula, a model legume species used to help understand legume genome structure and function. Two hundred and nine accessions representing the core collection of M. truncatula were inoculated with infective sap containing SCMoV to determine their disease phenotypes. Forty-two of these accessions remained uninfected systemically and so were potentially resistant to the virus. Accession DZA315.16 developed a localised hypersensitive resistance reaction. In an F8 mapping population from a cross between the susceptible parent Jemalong 6/A17 and resistant accession DZA315.16, a total of 166 F8 recombinant inbred lines (RILs) were phenotyped for resistance and susceptibility to SCMoV. Resistant and susceptible lines showed parental phenotypic responses: 84 were susceptible and 82 were resistant, suggesting presence of a single resistance (R) gene. The phenotypic data were combined with genotypic data (76 polymorphic molecular markers) for this RIL population to provide a framework map. Genetic analysis located a single resistance locus termed RSCMoV1 on the long arm of chromosome 6. These results provide a basis for fine mapping the RSCMoV1 gene.

Identification of plant viruses using one-dimensional gel electrophoresis and peptide mass fingerprints

Publisher: Elsevier BV

Date: 05-2010

DOI: 10.1016/J.JVIROMET.2010.01.022

Microsatellite genotyping by primer extension and MALDI-ToF mass spectrometry

Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC

Date: 09-2002

DOI: 10.1007/BF02782461

Consent for brain tissue donation after Intracerebral Haemorrhage: A Community-Based Study

Publisher: Public Library of Science (PLoS)

Date: 24-08-2015

DOI: 10.1371/JOURNAL.PONE.0135043

Genetic variability in a collection of Stagonospora nodorum isolates from Western Australia

Publisher: CSIRO Publishing

Date: 2000

DOI: 10.1071/AR99107

Abstract: Stagonospora nodorum isolates were collected from the Western Australian grain-belt during 1993. These isolates and a subset of isolates taken from a single location were used to assay the level of variation within the pathogen population. The isolates were compared using anonymous nuclear DNA markers. Three low copy-number and a single high copy-number RFLP probe were used to generate polymorphisms. The collection exhibited a high genotypic ersity for the high copy-number probe, a result consistent with the high level of sexual reproduction previously found in the fungal population. The high level of genotypic ersity was consistent with previous international studies. There was no evidence of differentiation between the total collection of isolates and the subset of isolates taken from the single location. Further work needs to be undertaken to determine if the aggressiveness of the pathogen is influenced by the host genotype.

Challenges to elucidating how endornaviruses influence fungal hosts: Creating mycovirus-free isogenic fungal lines and testing them

Publisher: Elsevier BV

Date: 12-2019

DOI: 10.1016/J.JVIROMET.2019.113745

Abstract: Determining roles of mycoviruses in fungal biology is complicated, especially when fungi are co-infected with multiple viruses. Genetically identical (isogenic) fungal lines that are infected by and not infected by viruses must be created and compared. Here, we study an isolate of Ceratobasidium sp., a fungus isolated from pelotons in roots of a wild terrestrial orchid. The fungal isolate was co-infected with three distinct endornaviruses, isolates of Ceratobasidium endonarvirus B (CbEVB), Ceratobasidium endonarvirus C (CbEVC) and Ceratobasidium endonarvirus D (CbEVD). An experiment to reveal natural distribution of the three mycoviruses within a fungal colony revealed no sectoring they were all evenly distributed throughout the colony. Hyphal tipping and treatments with one of five antibiotics (kanamycin, streptomycin, cycloheximide, rif icin and icillin) were applied in attempts to 'cure' fungal lines of one, two or three of the viruses present. Surprisingly, the three mycoviruses responded differentially to each curing approach. The isolate of CbEVC was eliminated upon treatment with cycloheximide, but not with kanamycin or streptomycin, whereas the isolate of CbEVD did not respond to cycloheximide. The isolate of CbEVB was eliminated upon all treatments. In some cases, a virus was undetectable by species-specific RT-PCR assay after treatment, but when the fungus was cultured for a period on non-selective medium, the virus was detected again. Effects of mycoviruses on growth characteristics of isogenic fungal lines on two nutrient media were studied. Co-infection by the three viruses reduced mycelial growth rate on both media. In contrast, some fungal lines infected with one or two mycoviruses grew more rapidly than virus-free lines.

Laser capture microdissection: A novel approach to microanalysis of plant-microbe interactions

Publisher: Wiley

Date: 24-07-2006

DOI: 10.1111/J.1364-3703.2006.00348.X

Abstract: SUMMARY Gene expression studies are often carried out at the whole organism, organ or tissue levels. The different cell types present in most tissue exhibit different patterns of gene expression. This limits analyses because results obtained represent an average of the activities of the different cell types, and may lead to masking of genes of interest that are specifically expressed in a particular cell type. The recent development of laser capture microdissection (LCM) now enables target cells to be isolated from complex tissues and allows analysis of specific cell types that represent the in vivo state at the time of s le extraction. LCM has been applied to analyse plant tissues in a number of studies. This review illustrates the application of LCM in studies on gene expression profiling and proteomics, and also in research on plant-microbe interactions.

Auxin induction is a trigger for root gall formation caused by root-knot nematodes in white clover and is associated with the activation of the flavonoid pathway

Publisher: CSIRO Publishing

Date: 1999

DOI: 10.1071/PP98157

Abstract: We studied the expression of the auxin responsive promoter (GH3) fused to the gusA reporter gene in white clover (Trifolium repens cv. Haifa) during the initiation of root galls by root-knot nematodes (Meloidogyne javanica) to investigate whether nematode infection affects auxin distribution in developing galls. In search for a plant signal that would mediate changes in auxin location we studied the induction of the flavonoid pathway because flavonoids can act as auxin transport regulators. Three chalcone synthase (CHS1, CHS2 and CHS3) promoter:gusA fusions were examined in transgenic plants and flavonoids were detected using fluorescence microscopy. Within 24 h post inoculation CHS:gusA expression occurred around the invading nematode. At 48 h post inoculation CHS:gusA expression and flavonoids were detected throughout the infection site, followed by high GH3:gusA expression in the gall 48–72 h post inoculation. Initially (48–72 h post inoculation) high GH3:gusA expression in giant cell precursors was followed by low expression in the enlarging giant cells (96–120 h post inoculation), suggesting that auxin is needed as a trigger for giant cell initiation but not for later enlargement. We suggest that nematodes control auxin distribution in the root and that flavonoids could be responsible for controlling auxin accumulation.

Differing requirements for flavonoids during the formation of lateral roots, nodules and root knot nematode galls in Medicago truncatula

Publisher: Wiley

Date: 03-06-2009

DOI: 10.1111/J.1469-8137.2009.02850.X

Abstract: * In this study, we tested whether the organogenesis of symbiotic root nodules, lateral roots and root galls induced by parasitic root knot nematodes (Meloidogyne javanica) was regulated by the presence of flavonoids in the roots of Medicago truncatula. Flavonoids accumulate in all three types of root organ, and have been hypothesized previously to be required for secondary root organogenesis because of their potential role as auxin transport regulators. * Using RNA interference to silence the flavonoid biosynthetic pathway in M. truncatula, we generated transformed flavonoid-deficient hairy roots which were used to study flavonoid accumulation, cell ision and organogenesis of nodules, lateral roots and root galls. * Flavonoid-deficient roots did not form nodules, as demonstrated previously, but showed altered root growth in response to rhizobia. By contrast, flavonoid-deficient roots showed no difference in the number of lateral roots and root galls. Galls on flavonoid-deficient roots formed normal giant cells, but were shorter, and were characterized by reduced numbers of iding pericycle cells. * We rejected the hypothesis that flavonoids are required as general regulators of the organogenesis of secondary root organs, but flavonoids appear to be necessary for nodulation. Possible reasons for this difference in the requirement for flavonoids are discussed.

Electroporation of cells

Publisher: Wiley

Date: 05-1990

DOI: 10.1111/J.1399-3054.1990.TB05881.X

Directed electrofusion between protoplasts with different responses in a mass fusion system

Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC

Date: 04-1985

DOI: 10.1007/BF00269215

Metabolic responses of endophytic Nicotiana benthamiana plants experiencing water stress

Publisher: Elsevier BV

Date: 11-2017

DOI: 10.1016/J.ENVEXPBOT.2017.08.008

Virus impact at the interface of an ancient ecosystem and a recent agroecosystem: studies on three legume-infecting potyviruses in the southwest Australian floristic region

Publisher: Wiley

Date: 22-07-0022

DOI: 10.1111/J.1365-3059.2007.01653.X

Identification of cucumber mosaic virus subgroup I isolates from banana plants affected by infectious chlorosis disease using RT-PCR

Publisher: Scientific Societies

Date: 1995

DOI: 10.1094/PD-79-0713

Are Viruses Always Villains? The Roles Plant Viruses May Play in Improving Plant Responses to Stress

Publisher: Wiley

Date: 05-12-2012

DOI: 10.1002/9783527665334.CH7

Resistance to potato leaf roll virus and potato virus Y in somatic hybrids between dihaploid Solanum tuberosum and S. brevidens

Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC

Date: 07-1988

DOI: 10.1007/BF00288840

DETERMINATION OF ENDOGENOUS ABSCISIC-ACID LEVELS IN IMMATURE CEREAL EMBRYOS DURING INVITRO CULTURE

Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC

Date: 1988

DOI: 10.1007/BF00394495

Co-infection with three mycoviruses stimulates growth of a monilinia fructicola isolate on nutrient medium, but does not induce hypervirulence in a natural host

Publisher: MDPI AG

Date: 21-01-2019

DOI: 10.3390/V11010089

Abstract: Monilinia fructicola and Monilinia laxa are the most destructive fungal species infecting stone fruit (Prunus species). High-throughput cDNA sequencing of M. laxa and M. fructicola isolates collected from stone fruit orchards revealed that 14% of isolates were infected with one or more of three mycoviruses: Sclerotinia sclerotiorum hypovirus 2 (SsHV2, genus Hypovirus), Fusarium poae virus 1 (FPV1, genus Betapartitivirus), and Botrytis virus F (BVF, genus Mycoflexivirus). Isolate M196 of M. fructicola was co-infected with all three viruses, and this isolate was studied further. Several methods were applied to cure M196 of one or more mycoviruses. Of these treatments, hyphal tip culture either alone or in combination with antibiotic treatment generated isogenic lines free of one or more mycoviruses. When isogenic fungal lines were cultured on nutrient agar medium in vitro, the triple mycovirus-infected parent isolate M196 grew 10% faster than any of the virus-cured isogenic lines. BVF had a slight inhibitory effect on growth, and FPV1 did not influence growth. Surprisingly, after inoculation to fruits of sweet cherry, there were no significance differences in disease progression between isogenic lines, suggesting that these mycoviruses did not influence the virulence of M. fructicola on a natural host.

Movement of solutes from host to parasite in nematode infected roots

Publisher: Elsevier

Date: 1975

DOI: 10.1016/B978-0-12-734850-6.50011-3

Diagnosis of melioidosis by means of an ELISA detecting antibodies toPseudomonas pseudomallei exotoxin. Preliminary assay evaluation

Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC

Date: 1991

DOI: 10.1007/BF02310916

Barley and wheat share the same gene controlling the short basic vegetative period

Publisher: Elsevier BV

Date: 10-2013

DOI: 10.1016/S2095-3119(13)60351-2

Genotypic structure of Monilinia populations in Western Australia two decades after incursion

Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC

Date: 24-02-2005

DOI: 10.1007/S13313-019-0612-1

Enzymic assay of 10−7 to 10−14 moles of sucrose in plant tissues

Publisher: Oxford University Press (OUP)

Date: 09-1977

DOI: 10.1104/PP.60.3.379

Vascularization and nutrient delivery at root-knot nematode feeding sites in host roots

Publisher: Oxford University Press (OUP)

Date: 10-12-1111

DOI: 10.1093/JXB/ERT415

Abstract: Plants are constantly challenged by pathogens and pests, which can have a profound impact on the yield and quality of produce in agricultural systems. The vascular system of higher plants is critical for growth and for their ability to counteract changing external conditions, serving as a distribution network for water, nutrients, and photosynthates from the source organs to regions where they are in demand. Unfortunately, these features also make it an attractive target for pathogens and pests that demand access to a reliable supply of host resources. The vascular tissue of plants therefore often plays a central role in pathogen and parasite interactions. One of the more striking rearrangements of the host vascular system occurs during root-knot nematode infestation of plant roots. These sedentary endoparasites induce permanent feeding sites that are comprised of 'giant cells' and are subject to extensive changes in vascularization, resulting in the giant cells being encaged within a network of de novo formed xylem and phloem cells. Despite being considered critical to the function of the feeding site, the mechanisms underlying this vascularization have received surprisingly little attention when compared with the amount of research on giant cell development and function. An overview of the current knowledge on vascularization of root-knot nematode feeding sites is provided here and recent advances in our understanding of the transport mechanisms involved in nutrient delivery to these parasite-induced sinks are described.

Transfer of resistance to PLRV, PVX and PVY from S.brevidens to potato by somatic hybridisation: Characterisation and field evaluation

Publisher: Springer Netherlands

Date: 1990

DOI: 10.1007/978-94-009-2103-0_44

Novel ways of manipulating plants

Publisher: Wiley

Date: 08-1985

DOI: 10.1002/JSFA.2740360805

Inhibition of naringinase (L-rhamnosidase) by piperidine analogues of L-rhamnose: Scaffolds for libraries incorporating trihydroxypipecolic acids

Publisher: Elsevier BV

Date: 11-1996

DOI: 10.1016/0040-4039(96)01958-2

Analysis of the transcriptome of the infective stage of the beet cyst nematode, H. schachtii

Publisher: Public Library of Science (PLoS)

Date: 29-01-2016

DOI: 10.1371/JOURNAL.PONE.0147511

Spillover of a Tobamovirus from the Australian Indigenous Flora to Invasive Weeds

Publisher: MDPI AG

Date: 29-07-2022

DOI: 10.3390/V14081676

Abstract: The tobamovirus yellow tailflower mild mottle virus (YTMMV) was previously reported in wild plants of Anthocercis species (family Solanaceae) and other solanaceous indigenous species growing in natural habitats in Western Australia. Here, we undertook a survey of two introduced solanaceous weeds, namely Solanum nigrum (black nightshade) and Physalis peruviana (cape gooseberry) in the Perth metropolitan area and surrounds to determine if YTMMV has spread naturally to these species. At a remnant natural bushland site where both solanaceous weeds and indigenous Anthocercis hosts grew adjacent to one another, a proportion of S. nigrum and P. peruviana plants were asymptomatically-infected with YTMMV, confirming spillover had occurred. Populations of S. nigrum also grow as weeds in parts of the city isolated from remnant bushland and indigenous sources of YTMMV, and some of these populations were also infected with YTMMV. Fruit was harvested from virus-infected wild S. nigrum plants and the seed germinated under controlled conditions. Up to 80% of resultant seedlings derived from infected parent plants were infected with YTMMV, confirming that the virus is vertically-transmitted in S. nigrum, and therefore infection appears to be self-sustaining in this species. This is the first report of spillover of YTMMV to exotic weeds, and of vertical transmission of this tobamovirus. We discuss the roles of vertical and horizontal transmission in this spillover event, and its implications for biosecurity.

Complete genome sequences of seven carlavirus and potyvirus isolates from Narcissus and Hippeastrum plants in Australia, and proposals to clarify their naming

Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC

Date: 09-05-2012

DOI: 10.1007/S00705-012-1319-6

Abstract: Complete genome sequences were obtained from two isolates of the carlavirus nerine latent virus from hippeastrum and narcissus plants, two isolates of the potyvirus hippeastrum mosaic virus from a hippeastrum plant, and one isolate each of the potyviruses narcissus degeneration virus, narcissus yellow stripe virus and Vallota speciosa virus from narcissus plants. Proposals are made to clarify the current confusion surrounding the naming of some of these viruses.

Attempt to silence genes of the RNAi pathways of the root-knot nematode, Meloidogyne incognita results in diverse responses including increase and no change in expression of some genes

Publisher: Frontiers Media SA

Date: 24-03-2020

DOI: 10.3389/FPLS.2020.00328

Phylogenetic analysis of allexiviruses identified on garlic from Australia

Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC

Date: 09-12-2012

DOI: 10.1007/S13314-011-0038-2

Intra- and inter-specific pollination of Santalum spicatum and S. album

Publisher: CSIRO Publishing

Date: 1997

DOI: 10.1071/BT96079

Abstract: The flower morphology, receptivity and sexual compatibility between genotypes and species were determined in Western Australian sandalwood (Santalum spicatum) and Indian sandalwood (S. album). The results showed that the stigma of both species became receptive at anthesis and reached a peak at 3 or 4 days after anthesis. Pollen tubes took 2 days to grow to the ovary when pollinated at anthesis, and 1 day when pollinated 2 or 3 days after anthesis. The egg apparatus matured at least 2 days after pollination and varied between genotypes. Fertilisation occurred 2 or 3 days following cross pollination. Although 10–40% of ovules were fertilised following intra-specific crosses of both species, the average initial fruit set was much lower: 4% in S. spicatum and 19% in S. album. Most immature fruit (75–80%) abscised following intra-specific pollination. The number of pollen tubes that grew in styles after self-and inter-specific pollination was lower than that for intra-specific pollination. Following self and inter-specific pollination, growth of pollen tubes was arrested in the style, ovary and around the embryo sac a few penetrated the embryo sac. Initial fruit set was low and developing fruit abscised prematurely. The results indicated that pre- and post-fertilisation mechanisms control self-incompatibility and inter-specific incompatibility between the sandalwood species.

Belowground defence strategies against migratory nematodes

Publisher: Springer International Publishing

Date: 2016

DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-42319-7_11

A method for large-scale progeny screening of putative transformed cereal

Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC

Date: 05-1989

DOI: 10.1007/BF02669628

Differential responses to virus challenge of laboratory and wild accessions of Australian species of Nicotiana, and comparative analysis of RDR1 gene sequences

Publisher: Public Library of Science (PLoS)

Date: 30-03-2015

DOI: 10.1371/JOURNAL.PONE.0121787

An enzymic microassay for starch

Publisher: Wiley

Date: 09-1979

DOI: 10.1111/J.1365-3040.1979.TB00074.X

Transient gene expression in electroporated protoplasts and intact cells of sugar beet

Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC

Date: 1987

DOI: 10.1007/BF00014185

Infestation of Wheat Plants by the Larvae of Leptohylemyia coarctata (Fall.) in an Insectary

Publisher: Wiley

Date: 1993

DOI: 10.1111/J.1365-3059.1970.TB01000.X

Mapping and QTL analysis of the barley population Tallon × Kaputar

Publisher: CSIRO Publishing

Date: 2003

DOI: 10.1071/AR02238

Abstract: A genetic map of barley with 224 AFLP and 39 simple sequence repeat (SSR) markers was constructed using a doubled haploid (DH) mapping population from a cross between the varieties Tallon and Kaputar. Linkage groups were assigned to in idual barley chromosomes using the published map locations of the SSR markers as reference points. This genetic map was used to identify markers with linkage to agronomic, disease, and quality traits in barley. The population, which comprised 65 lines, was tested in a range of environments across Australia. Quantitative trait loci (QTLs) analyses were performed using software packages MapMaker, MapManager, and Qgene. Significant associations with markers were found for several traits. Grain yield showed significant association with regions on chromosomes 2H, 3H, and 5H over a range of sites throughout Australia. Regions on chromosomes 2H and 3H explained 30% and 26% of variation in lodging, respectively. Among quality traits, diastatic power was associated with regions on chromosomes 1H, 2H, and 5H (R2 = 37%). Hot water extract was associated with a region on chromosome 6H and a marker not assigned to a chromosome (R2 = 45%). There were also environment-specific QTLs for the traits analysed. The markers identified here present an opportunity for marker assisted selection of lines for these traits in barley breeding programs.Mapping and QTL analysis of Tallon × Kaputar

The Global Trade in Fresh Produce and the Vagility of Plant Viruses: A Case Study in Garlic

Publisher: Public Library of Science (PLoS)

Date: 18-08-2014

DOI: 10.1371/JOURNAL.PONE.0105044

Somatic cell genetics of potato III electrofusion of two amino acid analogue-resistant cell lines

Publisher: De Gruyter

Date: 31-12-1986

DOI: 10.1515/9783110871944-127

Transient expression of foreign genes introduced into barley endosperm protoplasts by PEG-mediated transfer or into intact endosperm tissue by microprojectile bombardment

Publisher: Elsevier BV

Date: 1991

DOI: 10.1016/0168-9452(91)90204-L

Plant regeneration from protoplasts of Solanum species with potential agricultural value (S. hjertingii, S. polyadenium, S. capsicibaccatum)

Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC

Date: 1991

DOI: 10.1007/BF00232110

Changes in the levels of wheat- and barley-germ agglutinin during embryogenesis in vivo, in vitro and during germination

Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC

Date: 11-1985

DOI: 10.1007/BF00401180

Variation in chromosome number in somatic hybrids of dihaploid potato Solanum tuberosum and S.brevidens

Publisher: Wiley

Date: 06-1988

DOI: 10.1111/J.1399-3054.1988.TB00585.X

Studies on the genetic basis of resistance to potato leaf roll virus, potato virus Y and potato virus X in Solanum brevidens using somatic hybrids of Solanum brevidens and Solanum tuberosum

Publisher: Elsevier BV

Date: 1990

DOI: 10.1016/0168-9452(90)90107-Y

The first gene-based map of Lupinus angustifolius L.-location of domestication genes and conserved synteny with Medicago truncatula

Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC

Date: 11-05-2006

DOI: 10.1007/S00122-006-0288-0

Abstract: We report the first gene-based linkage map of Lupinus angustifolius (narrow-leafed lupin) and its comparison to the partially sequenced genome of Medicago truncatula. The map comprises 382 loci in 20 major linkage groups, two triplets, three pairs and 11 unlinked loci and is 1,846 cM in length. The map was generated from the segregation of 163 RFLP markers, 135 gene-based PCR markers, 75 AFLP and 4 AFLP-derived SCAR markers in a mapping population of 93 recombinant inbred lines, derived from a cross between domesticated and wild-type parents. This enabled the mapping of five major genes controlling key domestication traits in L. angustifolius. Using marker sequence data, the L. angustifolius genetic map was compared to the partially completed M. truncatula genome sequence. We found evidence of conserved synteny in some regions of the genome despite the wide evolutionary distance between these legume species. We also found new evidence of widespread duplication within the L. angustifolius genome.

Nematodes

Publisher: Elsevier

Date: 2017

DOI: 10.1016/B978-0-12-394807-6.00061-7

Low root-to-root transmission of a tobamovirus, yellow tailflower mild mottle virus, and resilience of its virions

Publisher: Wiley

Date: 23-10-2018

DOI: 10.1111/PPA.12758

Exogenous glycinebetaine enhances grain yield of maize, sorghum and wheat grown under two supplementary watering regimes

Publisher: Wiley

Date: 04-1997

DOI: 10.1111/J.1439-037X.1997.TB00348.X

Resistance to septoria nodorum blotch in the Aegilops tauschii accession RL5271 is controlled by a single gene

Publisher: No publisher found

Date: 2000

DOI: 10.1023/A:1003981525052

A single gene controls resistance to septoria nodorum blotch in the Aegilops tauschii accession AUS21712

Publisher: CSIRO Publishing

Date: 2001

DOI: 10.1071/AR01035

Abstract: A potential source of resistance to septoria nodorum blotch had been identified in an accession of the wild wheat, Aegilops tauschii. A cross was made between the resistant Ae. tauschii accession, AUS21712, and a susceptible accession, CPI110889, to study the genetics of resistance. The parental accessions and the F1, F3, and F4 progeny were screened in the glasshouse as seedlings. The resistant parent took significantly longer to develop symptoms, developed significantly fewer lesions, and expressed significantly lower levels of disease than the susceptible parent. The F1 mean response for disease severity indicated resistance was dominant. The genotypic ratios generated from the screening of the F3 and F4 generations were not significantly different from the genotypic ratio expected for a single gene. The efficacy of the resistance and its simple genetic control in the Ae. tauschii accession AUS21712 means that the potential exists to use this Ae. tauschii resistance gene in a bread wheat breeding program.

Development of robust PCR-based DNA markers for each homoeo-allele of granule-bound starch synthase and their application in wheat breeding programs

Publisher: CSIRO Publishing

Date: 2001

DOI: 10.1071/AR01036

Abstract: The absence of expression of the granule-bound starch synthase I (GBSSI) allele from chromosome 4A of wheat is associated with improved starch quality for making Udon noodles. Several PCR-based methods for the analysis of GBSS alleles have been developed for application in wheat. A widely applied approach has involved a simple PCR followed by electrophoretic separation of DNA products on agarose gels. The PCR lifies one band from each of the loci on chromosomes 4A (Wx-B1), 7A (Wx-A1), and 7D (Wx-D1), and the band from the Wx-B1 locus is diagnostic for the occurrence of the null Wx-B1 allele that is associated with improved starch quality. The reliable detection of the null Wx-B1 allele has been important in identifying wheat breeding lines. Allele-specific PCR has also been used to successfully detect the occurrence of the null Wx-B1 allele. In the present paper the various protocols were evaluated by testing a segregating double haploid population from a cross between Cranbrook and Halberd and the tests gave good agreement in different laboratories. The application of the DNAbased tests applied in wheat breeding programs provides one of the first ex les of a molecular marker selection for a grain quality trait being successfully applied in an Australian wheat breeding program.

In planta observation of live fluorescent plant endoparasitic nematodes during early stages of infection

Publisher: The Japanese Nematological Society

Date: 2010

DOI: 10.3725/JJN.40.15

Differential display analysis of gene expression in the cytoplasm of giant cells induced in tomato roots by Meloidogyne javanica

Publisher: Wiley

Date: 09-2003

DOI: 10.1046/J.1364-3703.2003.00184.X

Abstract: SUMMARY Giant cells induced by root-knot nematodes are highly specialized cells which function as transfer cells and provide nutrients to support the growth and reproduction of the nematode. Changes in the overall pattern of gene expression in giant cells occur during the formation and maintenance of the nematode feeding cells. Differential display analysis has been carried out to detect changes in gene expression in giant cells induced in tomato roots by Meloidogyne javanica, using mRNA isolated directly from mature giant cell cytoplasm, compared to non-infected root tissue. Eighty-one differential displayed bands were generated, and of these, 73 were up-regulated and 8 were down-regulated. Twenty-seven sequences were obtained by direct sequencing of the bands, and 16 fragments were further analysed by real-time quantitative RT-PCR. The most highly up-regulated transcript increased 56-fold in giant cells, and the greatest down-regulation was 11-fold. A time course of expression of the highest and lowest expressed transcripts was also undertaken by quantitative RT-PCR using giant cell enriched tissue. These showed similar changes in expression, but values were dramatically reduced. This result shows the importance of analysing giant cell cytoplasm directly, rather than starting with giant cell enriched tissue, to obtain accurate information on changes in gene expression in nematode feeding cells. Sequenced transcripts showed significant homology to mitogen-activated protein kinase, S-adenosylmethionine decarboxylase, cysteine synthase, cytochrome c reductase subunit, and ribosomal proteins. The expression analysed reflects the high metabolic rate in mature giant cells rather than processes of giant cell induction.

Analysis of the mitochondrial DNA of the somatic hybrids of Solanum brevidens and S. tuberosum using non-radioactive digoxigenin-labelled DNA probes

Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC

Date: 02-1993

DOI: 10.1007/BF00215042

Performance of new criteria for right ventricular hypertrophy and myocardial infarction in patients with pulmonary hypertension due to cor pulmonale and mitral stenosis

Publisher: Elsevier BV

Date: 07-1991

DOI: 10.1016/0022-0736(91)90028-K

Abstract: Historically, electrocardiographic criteria for right ventricular (RV) hypertrophy has achieved high specificity but low sensitivity. Recently, however, Butler-Leggett et al. have introduced three criteria that attained a 66% sensitivity in a population with RV hypertrophy due to mitral stenosis while maintaining a 95% specificity in an extensive normal control group. Electrocardiographic diagnosis of RV hypertrophy is principally dependent on changes in the QRS complex that may be masked or mimicked by myocardial infarction (MI). This dilemma has been confirmed by documentation of the low specificity of both the Selvester QRS scoring system for MI size estimation (greater than 3 points) and its screening subset (greater than 0 points) in a pure mitral stenosis population. This study introduces the population characterized by RV hypertrophy due to cor pulmonale, which has a mean pulmonary arterial systolic pressure that is higher than the mean for the mitral stenosis population and consequently suggests more severe RV hypertrophy. When compared, the Butler-Leggett criteria for RV hypertrophy are more sensitive in the new population than in the mitral stenosis population (89% versus 60%) and the Selvester QRS scoring system is less specific (12% versus 60%). Three sequential steps are suggested for electrocardiographic analysis: (1) diagnosis of RV hypertrophy using the Butler-Leggett criteria, (2) diagnosis of MI using the Selvester screening criteria in those patients with step 1 negative, and (3) estimation of MI size using the complete Selvester scoring system in patients with step 1 negative and step 2 positive.

Adaptations for economical bipedal running: The effect of limb structure on three-dimensional joint mechanics

Publisher: The Royal Society

Date: 28-10-2011

DOI: 10.1098/RSIF.2010.0466

Abstract: The purpose of this study was to examine the mechanical adaptations linked to economical locomotion in cursorial bipeds. We addressed this question by comparing mass-matched humans and avian bipeds (ostriches), which exhibit marked differences in limb structure and running economy. We hypothesized that the nearly 50 per cent lower energy cost of running in ostriches is a result of: (i) lower limb-swing mechanical power, (ii) greater stance-phase storage and release of elastic energy, and (iii) lower total muscle power output. To test these hypotheses, we used three-dimensional joint mechanical measurements and a simple model to estimate the elastic and muscle contributions to joint work and power. Contradictory to our first hypothesis, we found that ostriches and humans generate the same amounts of mechanical power to swing the limbs at a similar self-selected running speed, indicating that limb swing probably does not contribute to the difference in energy cost of running between these species. In contrast, we estimated that ostriches generate 120 per cent more stance-phase mechanical joint power via release of elastic energy compared with humans. This elastic mechanical power occurs nearly exclusively at the tarsometatarso-phalangeal joint, demonstrating a shift of mechanical power generation to distal joints compared with humans. We also estimated that positive muscle fibre power is 35 per cent lower in ostriches compared with humans, and is accounted for primarily by higher capacity for storage and release of elastic energy. Furthermore, our analysis revealed much larger frontal and internal/external rotation joint loads during ostrich running than in humans. Together, these findings support the hypothesis that a primary limb structure specialization linked to economical running in cursorial species is an elevated storage and release of elastic energy in tendon. In the ostrich, energy-saving specializations may also include passive frontal and internal/external rotation load-bearing mechanisms.

Developments in diagnostic techniques for cereal pathogens

Publisher: Burleigh Dodds Science Publishing

Date: 23-10-2018

DOI: 10.19103/AS.2018.0039.18

Stable transformation of sugarbeet protoplasts by electroporation

Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC

Date: 1989

DOI: 10.1007/BF00716841

Implementation of probes for tracing chromosome segments conferring barley yellow dwarf virus resistance

Publisher: CSIRO Publishing

Date: 2001

DOI: 10.1071/AR01033

Abstract: Two PCR-based assays were examined for tracing the presence of a Thinopyrum chromosome segment (Tc6 or Tc14) conferring barley yellow dwarf virus (BYDV) resistance in wheat breeding lines. The microsatellite gwm37 was used to assay the Thinopyrum chromosome segment or its wheat, Group 7, homoeologous segment, and was effective in characterising breeders material since heterozygous lines could be identified. A new set of primers derived from a Thinopyrum-specific DNA segment (csTiB1) provided a dominant marker that was readily scored by agarose gel electrophoresis. It was also demonstrated that the csTiB1 primers could be used to establish a solid phase PCR assay that avoided the requirement for gel electrophoresis and was amenable to use in a high-throughput, microtitre plate format. Depending on the number of DNA s les to be assayed, both primer pairs appear to have a place in breeding programs.

A polymerase chain reaction assay for cucumber mosaic virus in lupin seeds

Publisher: CSIRO Publishing

Date: 1993

DOI: 10.1071/AR9930041

Abstract: Seed is the main source of infection of narrow-leafed lupin (Lupinus angustifolius) crops by cucumber mosaic virus (CMV). The ELISA procedure is currently used for large-scale, routine testing of lupin seed s les, but a more sensitive, reliable and labour-saving assay is needed which detects levels of seed infection as low as 0.1%. A Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) using ground dry seed s les was developed for this purpose. Primers based on concensus sequences of eight published CMV coat protein cDNAs (RNA3) of CMV subgroups 1 and 2 were used. The assay involved (1) a reverse transcription step for cDNA synthesis and (2) lification of a specific fragment (482-501 bp depending on the strain) by PCR. Two methods of extracting virus from infected lupin material were used: (i) a rapid procedure which was effective for s les with higher levels of infection, e.g. infected leaves and 20.5% infected seed (ii) a phenol-chloroform procedure, which led to greater sensitivity, enabling reliable detection of 0.1% seed infection. It detected CMV in 16 commercial seed s les (0.1-8% seed infection) belonging to seven cultivars from 12 different localities. Both methods were suitable for routine testing of the flour derived from grinding dry seed. On dissection of infected seeds, CMV was detected in the cotyledons and embryo and usually in or on the testa. The PCR assay detected virus from both CMV subgroups, but only subgroup 2 was found in lupin seed s les. The two CMV subgroups can be distinguished by digestion of lified DNA with the restriction enzyme EcoRI only CMV strains of subgroup 2 are digested to yield two fragments of size 330 and 170 bp.

First report of an isolate of Japanese iris necrotic ring virus from Australia

Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC

Date: 30-05-2012

DOI: 10.1007/S13314-012-0059-5

Effects of human PrPSc type and PRNP genotype in an in-vitro conversion assay

Publisher: Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)

Date: 03-12-2008

DOI: 10.1097/WNR.0B013E328318EDFA

Improved isolation of dihaploid Solanum tubersoum protoplasts and the production of somatic hybrids between dihaploid S. tuberosum and S. brevidens

Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC

Date: 08-1987

DOI: 10.1007/BF02620975

Fusing plant protoplasts

Publisher: Elsevier BV

Date: 07-1988

DOI: 10.1016/0167-7799(88)90085-6

Enzymatic synthesis of the glycosides of calystegines B1 and B2 and their glycosidase inhibitory activities

Publisher: Elsevier BV

Date: 11-1997

DOI: 10.1016/S0008-6215(97)00227-9

Abstract: Several glycosides of calystegines B1 and B2 were synthesized by use of rice alpha-glucosidase and the whole cells of Rhodotorula lactosa, and their glycosidase inhibitory activities were investigated. Incubation of mixture of calystegine B1 and maltose with rice alpha-glucosidase gave 3-O-alpha-D-glucopyranosylcalystegine B1 (2, 11.3%). An enzymatic beta-transglucosylation reaction of calystegines B1 or B2 with cellobiose using the whole cells of R. lactosa gave 3-O-beta-D-glucopyranosylcalystegine B1 (1) (0.9%) or 4-O-beta-D-glucopyranosylcalystegine B2 (3, 11.2%), respectively, while similar beta-transgalactosylation of calystegine B2 from lactose gave 4-O-beta-D-galactopyranosylcalystegine B2 (4, 10.1%). The glycosylation of calystegines B1 and B2 markedly decreased or abolished their inhibition against beta-glucosidase, alpha- or beta-galactosidase. Compound 4 however retained more or less the potency of calystegine B2 against trehalase. Interestingly, compound 1 was a noncompetitive inhibitor of rice alpha-glucosidase, with a Ki value of 0.9 +/- 0.1 microM.

Studies on seed transmission of subterranean clover mottle virus and its detection in clover seed by ELISA and RT-PCR

Publisher: CSIRO Publishing

Date: 1997

DOI: 10.1071/A96075

Abstract: Plants of 5 naturalised annual clover species that occur within subterranean clover (Trifolium subterraneum) pastures were infected with 3 isolates of subterranean clover mottle virus (SCMoV), their seed harvested and sown, and the seedlings tested for SCMoV presence by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Seed transmission was detected in 3 species, but always occurred at low levels (0·1–0·5%). With T. cernuum, seed transmission was obtained with 3 isolates, but with T. c estre and T. tomentosum, it was detected only with one. Seed transmission rates in 3 subterranean clover cultivars were similar (0·1–0·4%). Together with subterranean clover, T. c estre, T. cernuum, and T. tomentosum probably play a role in persistence of the virus in annual pastures through the dry summer period via infection of dormant seed. ELISA was used to test both subterranean clover leaf s les and seed s les from SCMoV-infected swards for the virus. When leaf s les and whole seeds were tested, SCMoV was detected at dilutions up to 1/512 in leaf sap and 1/64 in seed extracts. When seeds were separated into seed coat and cotyledons/embryo components, the virus was detected in both. However, pre-treatment of seeds with trisodium phosphate before separation into the 2 components eliminated assayable SCMoV from the cotyledons/embryos, whilst the virus was then only detectable in extracts of seed coats if left undiluted. This suggests that most of the SCMoV in seeds is associated with the seed coat and is destroyed by pre-treatment with trisodium phosphate. Part of the genome of SCMoV was cloned and sequenced to develop primers specific for SCMoV for reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction assay (RT-PCR). Detection of 2 SCMoV isolates by the RT-PCR assay was confirmed by restriction analysis of the specific 596 base pair RT-PCR product. RT-PCR detected SCMoV at higher dilutions than ELISA in both leaf and whole seed extracts. The RT-PCR assay developed is suitable for sensitive routine testing of bulked seed s les of subterranean clover for presence of seed-borne SCMoV.

Evaluation of methods of measurement and estimation of left ventricular function after acute myocardial infarction

Publisher: Elsevier BV

Date: 11-1985

DOI: 10.1016/0002-9149(85)91128-2

Abstract: Using multiple gated cardiac blood pool imaging and single-plane ventriculography from cardiac catheterization, 2 independent measures of left ventricular (LV) ejection fraction (EF) were determined in each of 21 patients. Patients were seen 2 to 6 weeks after their first acute myocardial infarction and were free of electrocardiographic evidence of conduction abnormalities and left or right ventricular hypertrophy. Differences between the 2 measures of LVEF were examined and then compared with the extent of myocardial necrosis estimated from the standard 12-lead electrocardiogram using the complete 54-criteria/32-point Selvester QRS scoring system. Regression analysis yielded an r value of 0.81 (SEE = 8.05) for the overall relation between the 2 measures of LVEF. Correlation coefficients of -0.70, -0.66 and -0.72 were obtained for the relations of radionuclide LVEF, catheterization LVEF and the mean of these 2 determinations, respectively, compared with QRS score. A QRS score 4 or less achieved 100% specificity and that of 8 or less 100% sensitivity for predicting an LVEF greater than 40%. Thus, the Selvester QRS scoring system may be of value in identifying patients with or without markedly impaired LVEF. This risk stratification may be important in reaching optimal postinfarction therapeutic decisions.

Field assessment of dihaploid Solatium tuberosum and S. brevidens somatic hybrids

Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC

Date: 12-1988

DOI: 10.1007/BF00273676

Biosafety of RNA silencing and genome editing technologies in crop plants: Malaysian and Australian research perspectives

Publisher: Malaysian Society for Molecular Biology and Biotechnology

Date: 02-05-2019

DOI: 10.35118/APJMBB.2019.027.2.09

Abstract: Research in agricultural biotechnology can produce novel solutions to address the ever growing demand for food, feed, renewable materials and renewable energy using increasingly limited resources. Yet research is expensive with long timelines before implementation can disseminate the benefits to society, so there is a need to maximise co-operation and communication between scientists, stakeholders and their governments, to optimise research, its development and the implementation of research outcomes, into mainstream applications. Recognising the impacts of regulations on biosafety, biosecurity and intellectual property policy on strategies for research, senior and early career researchers from two research intensive universities in Malaysia and Australia, held a workshop to identify and to deliberate over two key areas of technology that offer much promise for agriculture, namely RNA silencing and genome editing. A major focus of the workshop was the regulation of new breeding technologies, and how the regulations need to take into account these new technologies. Themes discussed were the need for harmonisation of international legal frameworks and careful use of terminology, standards and guidelines and the need for good communication and consensus within and between groups of stakeholders and law-makers. This mini-review highlights the deliberations and recommendations from the workshop.

Comparisons between genetic diversity, virulence and colony morphology of Monilinia fructicola and Monilinia laxa isolates

Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC

Date: 08-02-2020

DOI: 10.1007/S42161-020-00498-2

Chromosome doubling in monohaploid and dihaploid potatoes by regeneration from cultured leaf explants

Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC

Date: 1984

DOI: 10.1007/BF00043089

Identification of barley varieties by protein profiling

Publisher: Springer Berlin Heidelberg

Date: 2010

DOI: 10.1007/978-3-642-01279-2_4

The complete nucleotide sequence of Subterranean clover mottle virus

Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC

Date: 07-2095

DOI: 10.1007/S00705-003-0144-3

Abstract: The complete nucleotide sequence of Subterranean clover mottle virus (SCMoV) genomic RNA has been determined. The SCMoV genome is 4,258 nucleotides in length. It shares most nucleotide and amino acid sequence identity with the genome of Lucerne transient streak virus (LTSV). SCMoV RNA encodes four overlapping open reading frames and has a genome organisation similar to that of Cocksfoot mottle virus (CfMV). ORF1 and ORF4 are predicted to encode single proteins. ORF2 is predicted to encode two proteins that are derived from a -1 translational frameshift between two overlapping reading frames (ORF2a and ORF2b). A search of amino acid databases did not find a significant match for ORF1 and the function of this protein remains unclear. ORF2a contains a motif typical of chymotrypsin-like serine proteases and ORF2b has motifs characteristically present in positive-stranded RNA-dependent RNA polymerases. ORF4 is likely to be expressed from a subgenomic RNA and encodes the viral coat protein. The ORF2a/ORF2b overlapping gene expression strategy used by SCMoV and CfMV is similar to that of the poleroviruses and differ from that of other published sobemoviruses. These results suggest that the sobemoviruses could now be ided into two distinct subgroups based on those that express the RNA-dependent RNA polymerase from a single, in-frame polyprotein, and those that express it via a -1 translational frameshifting mechanism.

Advances in the development of a screening test for variant Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease

Publisher: Informa Healthcare

Date: 02-2008

DOI: 10.1517/17530059.2.2.207

Abstract: Variant Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease (vCJD) is a transmissible neurodegenerative prion disease that continues to present a unique problem for medical diagnostics. Uncertainties remain over the prevalence of vCJD in the UK population and its incubation period in in iduals of different genotypes. Although the infectious agent that causes vCJD is widely distributed in the peripheral tissues of patients and those carrying the disease, it does not provoke any host immune response that would be amenable to detection. The recent realisation that it can be transmitted by blood transfusion, and that in iduals are infectious long before the appearance of symptoms, have increased the need for a blood-screening assay. This paper reviews progress that has been made in the development of potential tests and the protocols that have been devised for their evaluation.

RNA interference of an orthologue of Dicer of Meloidogyne incognita alludes to the gene’s importance in nematode development

Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC

Date: 09-02-2700

DOI: 10.1038/S41598-021-90363-8

Abstract: Dicers and dicer-like enzymes play an essential role in small RNA processing in eukaryotes. Nematodes are thought to encode one dicer, DCR-1 only that for Caenorhabditis spp. is well-characterised. Using genomic sequences of eight root-knot nematodes ( Meloidogyne spp.), we identified putative coding sequences typical of eukaryotic DICERS. We noted that the primary and secondary structures of DICERS they encode were different for different Meloidogyne species and even for isolates of the same species, suggesting paralogy for the gene. One of the genes for M. incognita ( Midcr-1.1 ) expressed in eggs, juvenile stage 2 and adults, with the highest expression in the adult females. All the Meloidogyne DICERS had seven major domains typical of those for Caenorhabditis spp. and humans with very similar protein folding. RNAi of Midcr-1.1 in J2s using seven dsRNAs, each based on sequences encoding the domains, induced mild paralysis but measurable knockdown was detected in J2s treated with five of the dsRNAs. For four of the dsRNAs, the RNAi effect lasted and reduced the nematode’s infectivity. Also, host plant delivery of dsRNAs complementary to coding sequences of the Dicer Dimerisation domain impaired development, reducing nematode infection by 71%. These results confirm the importance of the gene to nematode health.

Yellow tailflower mild mottle virus and Pelargonium zonate spot virusco-infect a wild plant of red-striped tailflower in Australia

Publisher: Wiley

Date: 16-06-2016

DOI: 10.1111/PPA.12416

Reproduction of Meloidogyne javanica on legume crops and some weed species associated with their cultivation in Malawi

Publisher: Brill

Date: 1995

DOI: 10.1163/003925995X00440

A virus of an isolated indigenous flora spreads naturally to an introduced crop species

Publisher: Wiley

Date: 10-08-2011

DOI: 10.1111/J.1744-7348.2011.00496.X

In vitro culture of potato

Publisher: Springer Netherlands

Date: 1994

DOI: 10.1007/978-94-017-2681-8_15

Effectiveness of coat protein and defective replicase gene-mediated resistance against Australian isolates of cucumber mosaic virus

Publisher: CSIRO Publishing

Date: 1998

DOI: 10.1071/EA96097

Abstract: Summary. Transgenic tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum) plants of (i) cv. Samsun NN containing the cauliflower mosaic virus 35S constitutive promoter linked to a defective replicase (DR) gene derived from cucumber mosaic virus (CMV) subgroup I isolate Fny, and (ii) cv. Xanthi containing the CaMV 35S promoter linked to the coat protein (CP) gene of CMV subgroup I isolate C were tested for resistance to various Australian isolates of CMV. The tobacco plants were challenged with 3 CMV subgroup 1 isolates (BNRR, BMR and B6) using sap inoculation. When used to challenge non-transgenic tobacco plants with 5 subgroup II CMV isolates from lupins (LY, LCH, LAcc, LGu and LD), this inoculation method did not result in systemic infection so graft inoculation was used instead to challenge transgenic plants with these 5 isolates. When plants of the line with the DR gene were challenged with the 3 subgroup I isolates, extreme resistance was revealed as none showed symptoms and CMV was not detectable by ELISA. When the same 3 isolates were inoculated to the 3 lines with the CP gene, resistance was characterised by fewer plants becoming virus infected, delayed systemic movement and, in the plants that were infected, partial remission of symptoms plus somewhat decreased virus concentration. Challenge of transgenic plants with DR or CP with the 5 subgroup II isolates resulted in fewer plants becoming infected. Actual numbers of plants infected varied with line and subgroup II isolate and the DR gene was as effective as the CP gene at decreasing infection. With subgroup II isolate LY, infection was associated with remission of symptoms and with the other 4 isolates with delayed systemic movement. Thus the DR gene approach was more effective than the CP approach in obtaining extreme resistance against Australian subgroup I isolates of CMV. These results suggest that introducing a similar DR gene construct made from a subgroup II isolate from lupins into commercial lupin cultivars may be a suitable strategy for obtaining extreme resistance to subgroup II isolates from lupins.

2-Hydroxycastanospermines (dihydroxy-L-swainsonines) from octonolactones: Inhibition of naringinase (L-rhamnosidase)

Publisher: Elsevier BV

Date: 11-1996

DOI: 10.1016/0040-4039(96)01956-9

Lectin levels in tissues of cultured immature wheat embryos

Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC

Date: 12-1986

DOI: 10.1007/BF00269642

Mapping and validation of the genes for resistance to Pyrenophora teres f. teres in barley (Hordeum vulgare L.)

Publisher: CSIRO Publishing

Date: 2003

DOI: 10.1071/AR02229

Abstract: Identification and deployment of disease resistance genes are key objectives of Australian barley breeding programs. Two doubled haploid (DH) populations derived from Tallon × Kaputar (TK) and VB9524 × ND11231 (VN) crosses were used to identify markers for net type net blotch (NTNB) (Pyrenophora teres f. teres). The maps included 263 and 250 markers for TK and VN populations, respectively. The TK population was screened with 5 pathotypes and the VN population with 1 pathotype of NTNB as seedlings in the glasshouse. In addition, the TK population was subjected to natural infection in the field at Hermitage Research Station, Qld. Analyses of the markers were performed using the software packages MapManager and Qgene. One region on chromosome 6H was strongly associated with resistance to NTNB in both populations (R2 = 83% for TK and 66% for VN). In the TK population, 2 more quantitative trait loci (QTLs) were identified on chromosomes 2H and 3H, with R2 values of 30% and 31%, respectively. These associations were consistent over all pathotypes studied during the seedling stage. The same QTL on chromosome 6H was also found to be highly significantly associated (R2 = 65%) with the adult plant (field) response in the TK population. There are several very closely linked markers showing strong associations in these regions. Association of the 4 markers on chromosome 6H QTL with resistance to the NTNB has been validated in 2 other DH populations derived from barley crosses Pompadour × Stirling and WPG8412 × Stirling. These markers present an opportunity for marker assisted selection of lines resistant to NTNB in barley breeding programs.

Optimisation of culture conditions for in vitro infection of tomato with the root-knot nematode Meloidogyne javanica

Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC

Date: 1998

DOI: 10.1071/AP98010

Investigations into the transfer of genetic information between solanaceous species and potato by somatic hybridization

Publisher: De Gruyter

Date: 31-12-1986

DOI: 10.1515/9783110871944-117

Human platelets as a substrate source for the in vitro amplification of the abnormal prion protein (PrPSc) associated with variant Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease

Publisher: Wiley

Date: 23-01-2009

DOI: 10.1111/J.1537-2995.2008.01954.X

Abstract: Four recent cases of transfusion-related transmission of variant Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease (vCJD) highlight the need to develop a highly sensitive and specific screening test to detect infectivity in the blood of asymptomatic infected in iduals. Protein misfolding cyclic lification (PMCA), a method for the lification of minute amounts of disease-associated abnormal prion protein (PrP(Sc)) to readily detectable levels, could be incorporated into such a test provided that a suitable substrate source for routine use in human PMCA reactions can be found. With the use of seed sources from in iduals with variant and sporadic CJD, the use of human platelets (PLTs) as a PMCA substrate source was evaluated. The effects of seed/substrate prion protein gene (PRNP) codon 129 genotype compatibility on lification efficiency and freeze-thaw on a substrate's ability to support lification and the degree of lification achieved by serial PMCA (sPMCA) were investigated. Seed/substrate PRNP codon 129 compatibility was found to have a major influence on PrP(Sc) lification efficiency. In idual substrates, of the same PRNP codon 129 genotype, could be pooled and stored frozen for use in subsequent PMCA reactions. A consistent 10-fold increase in PrP(Sc) detection sensitivity was achieved after each round of sPMCA, resulting in a 10,000-fold increase in detection sensitivity after four rounds, with no evidence of de novo PrP(Sc) production detected in the unseeded PLT substrate. Providing issues of seed/substrate PRNP codon 129 compatibility are taken into consideration human PLTs are a suitable, readily available, renewable substrate source for use in human PMCA applications.

Molecular, cytogenetic and morphological characterization of somatic hybrids of dihaploid Solanum tuberosum and diploid S. brevidens

Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC

Date: 11-1989

DOI: 10.1007/BF00262566

Molecular aspects of plant-nematode interactions and their exploitation for resistance strategies

Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC

Date: 1998

DOI: 10.1071/AP98007

Host range and symptomatology of Subterranean clover mottle virus in alternative pasture, forage and crop legumes

Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC

Date: 2002

DOI: 10.1071/AP02038

Novel and divergent viruses associated with Australian orchid-fungus symbioses

Publisher: Elsevier BV

Date: 2018

DOI: 10.1016/J.VIRUSRES.2017.11.026

Abstract: Terrestrial orchids represent a symbiotic union between plants and mycorrhizal fungi. This study describes the occurrence and nature of viruses associated with one population of wild Pterostylis sanguinea orchids, including their fungal symbionts, over two consecutive years. A generic sequencing approach, which combined dsRNA-enrichment from plant and mycelial tissues, random lification and high throughput shotgun sequencing was used to identify novel viruses. The majority of the virus-like sequences represent partial genomes, and their identification is based solely on de novo assembly of sequencing data. In orchid leaf tissues we found three isolates of a novel totivirus and an unclassified virus both resemble fungus-infecting viruses. Two isolates of Ceratobasidium sp that were isolated from orchid underground stems contained at least 20 viruses, 16 of which were previously described as alphapartitiviruses and betapartitiviruses. A novel hypovirus and a mitovirus were genetically distant from existing members of the genera and did not readily fit into recognised subgroups.

Influence of intracerebral hemorrhage location on incidence, characteristics, and outcome

Publisher: Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)

Date: 02-2015

DOI: 10.1161/STROKEAHA.114.007953

Abstract: The characteristics of intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) may vary by ICH location because of differences in the distribution of underlying cerebral small vessel diseases. Therefore, we investigated the incidence, characteristics, and outcome of lobar and nonlobar ICH. In a population-based, prospective inception cohort study of ICH, we used multiple overlapping sources of case ascertainment and follow-up to identify and validate ICH diagnoses in 2010 to 2011 in an adult population of 695 335. There were 128 participants with first-ever primary ICH. The overall incidence of lobar ICH was similar to nonlobar ICH (9.8 [95% confidence interval, 7.7–12.4] versus 8.6 [95% confidence interval, 6.7–11.1] per 100 000 adults/y). At baseline, adults with lobar ICH were more likely to have preceding dementia (21% versus 5% P =0.01), lower Glasgow Coma Scale scores (median, 13 versus 14 P =0.03), larger ICHs (median, 38 versus 11 mL P .001), subarachnoid extension (57% versus 5% P .001), and subdural extension (15% versus 3% P =0.02) than those with nonlobar ICH. One-year case fatality was lower after lobar ICH than after nonlobar ICH (adjusted odds ratio for death at 1 year: lobar versus nonlobar ICH 0.21 95% confidence interval, 0.07–0.63 P =0.006, after adjustment for known predictors of outcome). There were 4 recurrent ICHs, which occurred exclusively in survivors of lobar ICH (annual risk of recurrent ICH after lobar ICH, 11.8% 95% confidence interval, 4.6%–28.5% versus 0% after nonlobar ICH log-rank P =0.04). The baseline characteristics and outcome of lobar ICH differ from other locations.

Electrofusion of biochemically well characterized nitrate reductase deficient Nicotiana plumbagnifolia mutants. Studies of optimization and complementation

Publisher: Elsevier BV

Date: 1987

DOI: 10.1016/0168-9452(87)90226-3

Enabling Trade in Gene-Edited Produce in Asia and Australasia: The Developing Regulatory Landscape and Future Perspectives

Publisher: MDPI AG

Date: 27-09-2022

DOI: 10.3390/PLANTS11192538

Abstract: Genome- or gene-editing (abbreviated here as ‘GEd’) presents great opportunities for crop improvement. This is especially so for the countries in the Asia-Pacific region, which is home to more than half of the world’s growing population. A brief description of the science of gene-editing is provided with ex les of GEd products. For the benefits of GEd technologies to be realized, international policy and regulatory environments must be clarified, otherwise non-tariff trade barriers will result. The status of regulations that relate to GEd crop products in Asian countries and Australasia are described, together with relevant definitions and responsible regulatory bodies. The regulatory landscape is changing rapidly: in some countries, the regulations are clear, in others they are developing, and some countries have yet to develop appropriate policies. There is clearly a need for the harmonization or alignment of GEd regulations in the region: this will promote the path-to-market and enable the benefits of GEd technologies to reach the end-users.

De novo analysis and functional classification of the transcriptome of the root lesion nematode, Pratylenchus thornei, after 454 GS FLX sequencing

Publisher: Elsevier BV

Date: 03-2012

DOI: 10.1016/J.IJPARA.2011.11.010

Abstract: The migratory endoparasitic root lesion nematode Pratylenchus thornei is a major pest of the cereals wheat and barley. In what we believe to be the first global transcriptome analysis for P. thornei, using Roche GS FLX sequencing, 787,275 reads were assembled into 34,312 contigs using two assembly programs, to yield 6,989 contigs common to both. These contigs were annotated, resulting in functional assignments for 3,048. Specific transcripts studied in more detail included carbohydrate active enzymes potentially involved in cell wall degradation, neuropeptides, putative plant nematode parasitism genes, and transcripts that could be secreted by the nematode. Transcripts for cell wall degrading enzymes were similar to bacterial genes, suggesting that they were acquired by horizontal gene transfer. Contigs matching 14 parasitism genes found in sedentary endoparasitic nematodes were identified. These genes are thought to function in suppression of host defenses and in feeding site development, but their function in P. thornei may differ. Comparison of the common contigs from P. thornei with other nematodes showed that 2,039 were common to sequences of the Heteroderidae, 1,947 to the Meloidogynidae, 1,218 to Radopholus similis, 1,209 matched expressed sequence tags (ESTs) of Pratylenchus penetrans and Pratylenchus vulnus, and 2,940 to contigs of Pratylenchus coffeae. There were 2,014 contigs common to Caenarhabditis elegans, with 15.9% being common to all three groups. Twelve percent of contigs with matches to the Heteroderidae and the Meloidogynidae had no homology to any C. elegans protein. Fifty-seven percent of the contigs did not match known sequences and some could be unique to P. thornei. These data provide substantial new information on the transcriptome of P. thornei, those genes common to migratory and sedentary endoparasitic nematodes, and provide additional understanding of genes required for different forms of parasitism. The data can also be used to identify potential genes to study host interactions and for crop protection.

University Of Cambridge

Location: United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland

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Rothamsted Research

Location: United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland

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Murdoch University

Location: Australia

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International Network For Genomics Of The Root-Soil Interface (INGORSI)

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Molecular Tools For Controlling Pathogenic Viruses In The Seed Potato Industry

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Genetic Variation In Narrow Leafed Lupin (NLL) Accessions And Breeding Programs

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High Throughput Orthogonal Mass Spectrometer For Biotechnology Research In WA

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New Biotech Methods For Crop Quality Assurance

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Funder: Australian Research Council

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