ORCID Profile
0000-0002-7910-7470
Current Organisation
Deakin University
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Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 04-11-2016
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Date: 08-2012
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 02-2016
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 06-2014
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 10-2013
Publisher: Association for Materials Protection and Performance (AMPP)
Date: 04-2023
DOI: 10.5006/4330
Publisher: Oxford University Press (OUP)
Date: 18-06-2018
DOI: 10.1017/S1431927618000454
Abstract: Electron and proton microprobes, along with electron backscatter diffraction (EBSD) analysis were used to study the microstructure of the contemporary Al–Cu–Li alloy AA2099-T8. In electron probe microanalysis, wavelength and energy dispersive X-ray spectrometry were used in parallel with soft X-ray emission spectroscopy (SXES) to characterize the microstructure of AA2099-T8. The electron microprobe was able to identify five unique compositions for constituent intermetallic (IM) particles containing combinations of Al, Cu, Fe, Mn, and Zn. A sixth IM type was found to be rich in Ti and B (suggesting TiB 2 ), and a seventh IM type contained Si. EBSD patterns for the five constituent IM particles containing Al, Cu, Fe, Mn, and Zn indicated that they were isomorphous with four phases in the 2xxx series aluminium alloys including Al 6 (Fe, Mn), Al 13 (Fe, Mn) 4 (two slightly different compositions), Al 37 Cu 2 Fe 12 and Al 7 Cu 2 Fe. SXES revealed that Li was present in some constituent IM particles. Al SXES mapping revealed an Al-enriched (i.e., Cu, Li-depleted) zone in the grain boundary network. From the EBSD analysis, the kernel average misorientation map showed higher levels of localized misorientation in this region, suggesting greater deformation or stored energy. Proton-induced X-ray emission revealed banding of the TiB 2 IM particles and Cu inter-band enrichment.
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 26-09-2016
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Date: 10-06-2014
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 2011
Publisher: Association for Materials Protection and Performance (AMPP)
Date: 02-2015
Publisher: Association for Materials Protection and Performance (AMPP)
Date: 06-10-2016
DOI: 10.5006/1851
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 04-2012
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 11-2009
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 03-2014
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 12-2017
Publisher: Association for Materials Protection and Performance (AMPP)
Date: 17-10-2012
DOI: 10.5006/0763
Abstract: Surface mechanical attrition treatment (SMAT) is a mechanical peening process used to generate ultrafine grain surfaces on a metal. SMAT was carried out on pure magnesium using different attrition media (zirconia [ZiO2], alumina [Al2O3], and steel balls) to observe the effect on microstructure, surface residual stress, surface composition, and corrosion. Surface contamination from SMAT was characterized using glow discharge optical emission spectroscopy (GDOES). The SMAT process produced a refined grain structure on the surface of Mg but resulted in a region of elemental contamination extending ~10 μm into the substrate, regardless of the media used. Consequently, SMAT-treated surfaces showed an increased corrosion rate compared to untreated Mg, primarily through increased cathodic kinetics. This study highlights the issue of contamination resulting from the SMAT process, which is a penalty that accompanies the significant grain refinement of the surface produced by SMAT. This must be considered if attempting to exploit grain refinement for improving corrosion resistance.
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 12-2010
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 15-04-2021
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 2014
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 11-2013
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 12-2012
Publisher: The Electrochemical Society
Date: 29-08-2008
DOI: 10.1149/1.3229951
Abstract: Potentiostatic testing was employed to examine pit initiation on AA7075-T651 exposed to chloride solutions. The influence of chloride concentration, potential, and temperature on pit initiation was studied. An automated method for counting current transients is presented, and the applicability of potentiostatic testing in Al alloys is generally discussed.
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 04-2014
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 07-2018
DOI: 10.1016/J.NUMECD.2018.04.001
Abstract: The anti-obesity potential of flavonoids has been shown by animal and human studies. In this meta-analysis, we systematically reviewed controlled clinical trials and quantified the effects of flavonoids and flavonoid subclasses on obesity-related anthropometric measures. PubMed, EMBASE, Scopus, Web of Science, and ProQuest databases were searched to identify trials examining the effect of flavonoids on body mass index (BMI), waist circumference, and body fat percentage. Fifty eight trials passed the eligibility process. Analysis endpoints were calculated as the mean difference between baseline and post-treatment. Flavonoids were in subclasses of flavanols, flavonols, isoflavones, flavanones, anthocyanins, and proanthocyanidins. They were mostly in the form of supplements and dosages varying from 40 to 1300 mg/day. Among flavonoid subclasses, flavanols showed potential for decreasing BMI, in the overall population (mean difference (MD) = -0.28 kg/m Overall results of this meta-analysis showed that flavanols have potential against obesity.
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 11-2016
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 02-2016
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Date: 12-2004
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 2017
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 05-2013
Publisher: Royal Society of Chemistry (RSC)
Date: 2015
DOI: 10.1039/C4FD00268G
Abstract: The early stages of localised corrosion affecting magnesium (Mg) surfaces when immersed in aqueous sodium chloride (NaCl) solutions involves the propagation of dark regions, within which both anodic metal dissolution and cathodic hydrogen evolution occur. For nominally “pure” Mg, these dark areas can either take the form of discs which expand radially with time, or filiform-like tracks which lengthen with time. For Mg surfaces which display disc-form corrosion features in concentrated NaCl electrolyte, a transition to filiform corrosion (FFC) is observed as the concentration is decreased, indicating ohmic constraints on radial propagation. A similar effect is observed when Mg specimens of different iron impurity are immersed in a fixed, high concentration NaCl solution, where disc-form corrosion is observed on s les having ≥280 ppm Fe, but FFC predominates at ≤80 ppm Fe. An in situ scanning vibrating electrode technique (SVET) is used to determine current density distributions within the propagating corrosion features. Cathodic current density values of between −100 and −150 A m −2 measured in central areas of disc-like features are sufficient to sustain the radial growth of a local anode at the perimeter of the discs. However, for high purity Mg specimens (≤80 ppm Fe), cathodic current densities of −10 A m −2 or less are measured over FFC affected regions, indicating that linear propagation arises when there is insufficient cathodic current produced on the corroded surface to sustain radial growth. The results are consistent with surface control of localised corrosion propagation in concentrated electrolyte, but ohmic control in dilute, lower conductivity NaCl solution.
Publisher: The Electrochemical Society
Date: 2015
DOI: 10.1149/2.0251508JES
Publisher: MDPI AG
Date: 25-03-2022
DOI: 10.3390/MET12040561
Abstract: Corrosion under insulation (CUI) is defined as any form of external corrosion that occurs on the underlying metal beneath insulated equipment, due to water ingress through the insulation layer. This type of corrosion is frequently observed in oil and gas production, where insulated piping is prevalent, and has historically remained a predominant materials integrity issue. The prediction and direct visualisation of CUI are challenging tasks because of the coverage of the insulation layer(s) and any external jacketing or cladding. Several factors, including the local/ambient environment, system design, and the piping installation process, can influence how CUI initiates and propagates. In this review, CUI background, CUI monitoring, and CUI mitigation strategies are discussed.
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 2018
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 28-07-2020
Publisher: Association for Materials Protection and Performance (AMPP)
Date: 22-02-2013
DOI: 10.5006/0870
Abstract: The effect of varying the percent crystallinity on the electrochemical behavior of Mg65Cu25Y10 and Mg70Zn25Ca5 bulk metallic glasses was studied. The alloys were heat-treated to achieve desired microstructures ranging from fully amorphous to fully crystalline, providing a systematic basis for subsequent testing. Potentiodynamic experiments in 0.01 M sodium chloride (NaCl) were used, whereby both the amorphous and partially crystallized s les were observed to have more noble corrosion potentials and lower anodic kinetics. However, this was accompanied by more rapid cathodic kinetics relative to their fully crystalline counterparts, meaning that corrosion rates were not significantly lower in the amorphous state. To describe the electrochemical response as a function of the degree of crystallinity, differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), scanning electron microscopy, x-ray diffraction (XRD), and electrical conductivity measurements were undertaken, where it was found that crystallinity alone is not necessarily the controlling factor and microchemistry that evolves upon devitrification, plays a key role in the electrochemical response of these materials.
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Date: 27-01-2014
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 06-2011
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 11-2010
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 12-2014
Publisher: The Electrochemical Society
Date: 2017
DOI: 10.1149/2.0071714JES
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 07-2011
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 10-2023
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 02-2012
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 08-2013
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 09-2013
Publisher: Trans Tech Publications Ltd.
Date: 2005
Publisher: Association for Materials Protection and Performance (AMPP)
Date: 06-2012
DOI: 10.5006/I0010-9312-68-6-507
Abstract: Prior works show that grain size can play a role in the corrosion of a metal however, such works are nominally executed in a single electrolyte/environment at a single pH. In this work, the anodic and cathodic reaction kinetics of pure Mg specimens with grain sizes ranging from approximately 8 μm to 590 μm were compared as a function of pH in 0.1 mol dm−3 sodium chloride (NaCl) electrolytes using anodic polarization experiments and an in situ scanning vibrating electrode technique (SVET). Anodic polarization experiments showed that grain size is important in determining overall electrochemical response, but the environment dictates the form of the grain size vs. corrosion rate relationship (i.e., pH is the overall controlling factor). Consequently, the role of grain size upon corrosion cannot be fully assessed unless a variation in environment is simultaneously studied. For ex le, the anodic reaction, which dictates active corrosion, also dictates passivation, so the corrosion rate vs. grain size relationship has been shown to “flip” depending on pH. Further, SVET analysis of unpolarized Mg immersed in 0.1 mol dm−3 NaCl electrolyte at neutral pH showed that breakdown of passivity of cast Mg occurred after ~1 h immersion, giving filiform-like corrosion tracks. The front edges of these corrosion features were revealed as intense local anodes, while the remainder of the dark-corroded Mg surface, left behind as the anodes traversed the surface, became cathodically activated. In contrast, grain-refined Mg s les were significantly less susceptible to localized corrosion, and breakdown was not observed for immersion periods of up to 24 h.
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 09-2015
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 12-2017
Publisher: Association for Materials Protection and Performance (AMPP)
Date: 10-2018
DOI: 10.5006/2926
Publisher: Royal Society of Chemistry (RSC)
Date: 2012
DOI: 10.1039/C2CC15578H
Abstract: Micropatterning of surfaces with varying chemical, physical and topographical properties usually requires a number of fabrication steps. Herein, we describe a micropatterning technique based on plasma enhanced chemical vapour deposition (PECVD) that deposits both protein resistant and protein repellent surface chemistries in a single step. The resulting multifunctional, selective surface chemistries are capable of spatially controlled protein adhesion, geometric confinement of cells and the site specific confinement of enzyme mediated peptide self-assembly.
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 02-2015
Publisher: Element d.o.o.
Date: 2015
DOI: 10.7153/MIA-18-72
Publisher: The Electrochemical Society
Date: 2005
DOI: 10.1149/1.2073672
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Date: 06-2013
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 03-2009
Publisher: Association for Materials Protection and Performance (AMPP)
Date: 04-2017
DOI: 10.5006/2242
Publisher: American Astronomical Society
Date: 30-09-2020
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 22-12-2011
DOI: 10.1007/S10856-011-4517-Y
Abstract: Magnesium (Mg) alloys are being actively investigated as potential load-bearing orthopaedic implant materials due to their biodegradability in vivo. With Mg biomaterials at an early stage in their development, the screening of alloy compositions for their biodegradation rate, and hence biocompatibility, is reliant on cost-effective in vitro methods. The use of a buffer to control pH during in vitro biodegradation is recognised as critically important as this seeks to mimic pH control as it occurs naturally in vivo. The two different types of in vitro buffer system available are based on either (i) zwitterionic organic compounds or (ii) carbonate buffers within a partial-CO(2) atmosphere. This study investigated the influence of the buffering system itself on the in vitro corrosion of Mg. It was found that the less realistic zwitterion-based buffer did not form the same corrosion layers as the carbonate buffer, and was potentially affecting the behaviour of the hydrated oxide layer that forms on Mg in all aqueous environments. Consequently it was recommended that Mg in vitro experiments use the more biorealistic carbonate buffering system when possible.
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 07-2017
Publisher: The Electrochemical Society
Date: 2008
DOI: 10.1149/1.2829897
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 10-2014
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 04-11-2008
Publisher: IOP Publishing
Date: 24-11-2016
Publisher: Association for Materials Protection and Performance (AMPP)
Date: 06-2012
DOI: 10.5006/I0010-9312-68-6-518
Abstract: Industrial deployment of magnesium alloys in most instances requires anti-corrosion coatings. Distinct from conversion coatings, the electro/electroless plating techniques are emerging as the common means of coating magnesium however, more research is needed. A state-of-the-art review was undertaken with respect to aqueous plating systems (including pretreatment, under-coating, and electroplating), electroless plating (being treated in idually, though it is used as undercoating for subsequent plating in some cases), non-aqueous plating systems (including high-temperature molten salts and ionic liquids), and novel plating methods. In addition to the performance assessment of various plated coatings on magnesium alloys, merits and demerits of existing plating techniques are discussed. Based on the literature to date, the practical issues faced in magnesium plating are raised, and possible advances discussed, providing some instructive guidelines for future work.
Publisher: Association for Materials Protection and Performance (AMPP)
Date: 04-2014
DOI: 10.5006/1146
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 12-2006
Publisher: Association for Materials Protection and Performance (AMPP)
Date: 07-07-2016
DOI: 10.5006/1703
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 02-2012
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Date: 06-2010
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 08-2017
Publisher: The Electrochemical Society
Date: 2014
DOI: 10.1149/2.056404JES
Publisher: The Electrochemical Society
Date: 2016
DOI: 10.1149/2.0871606JES
Publisher: The Electrochemical Society
Date: 12-12-2013
DOI: 10.1149/2.075302JES
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 04-2018
Publisher: BMJ
Date: 07-2023
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 04-2016
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 06-2011
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Date: 22-10-2014
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 26-08-2015
DOI: 10.1002/SIA.5813
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 19-10-2015
DOI: 10.1038/NMAT4435
Abstract: Ultra-lightweight alloys with high strength, ductility and corrosion resistance are desirable for applications in the automotive, aerospace, defence, biomedical, sporting and electronic goods sectors. Ductility and corrosion resistance are generally inversely correlated with strength, making it difficult to optimize all three simultaneously. Here we design an ultralow density (1.4 g cm(-3)) Mg-Li-based alloy that is strong, ductile, and more corrosion resistant than Mg-based alloys reported so far. The alloy is Li-rich and a solute nanostructure within a body-centred cubic matrix is achieved by a series of extrusion, heat-treatment and rolling processes. Corrosion resistance from the environment is believed to occur by a uniform lithium carbonate film in which surface coverage is much greater than in traditional hexagonal close-packed Mg-based alloys, explaining the superior corrosion resistance of the alloy.
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 03-2019
DOI: 10.1038/S41467-019-08954-Z
Abstract: Body-centred cubic magnesium-lithium-aluminium-base alloys are the lightest of all the structural alloys, with recently developed alloy compositions showing a unique multi-dimensional property profile. By hitherto unrecognised mechanisms, such alloys also exhibit exceptional immediate strengthening after solution treatment and water quenching, but strength eventually decreases during prolonged low temperature ageing. We show that such phenomena are due to the precipitation of semi-coherent D0 3 -Mg 3 Al nanoparticles during rapid cooling followed by gradual coarsening and subsequent loss of coherency. Physical explanation of these phenomena allowed the creation of an exceptionally low-density alloy that is also structurally stable by controlling the lattice mismatch and volume fraction of the Mg 3 Al nanoparticles. The outcome is one of highest specific-strength engineering alloys ever developed.
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 10-2012
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 06-2011
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 2007
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 11-2010
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 09-2010
Publisher: The Electrochemical Society
Date: 06-12-2017
DOI: 10.1149/2.0251702JES
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 09-04-2018
Publisher: The Electrochemical Society
Date: 2015
DOI: 10.1149/2.0621507JES
Publisher: The Electrochemical Society
Date: 2012
DOI: 10.1149/2.062211JES
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 05-2018
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 10-2004
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 07-06-2017
DOI: 10.1038/S41598-017-03090-4
Abstract: An empirical model for the evolution of β-phase (Mg 2 Al 3 ) along grain boundaries in aluminium alloy AA5083 (Al-Mg-Mn) during isothermal exposures is proposed herein. Developing a quantitative understanding of grain boundary precipitation is important to interpreting intergranular corrosion and stress corrosion cracking in this alloy system. To date, complete ab initio models for grain boundary precipitation based upon fundamental principles of thermodynamics and kinetics are not available, despite the critical role that such precipitates play in dictating intergranular corrosion phenomena. Empirical models can therefore serve an important role in advancing the understanding of grain boundary precipitation kinetics, which is an approach applicable beyond the present context. High resolution scanning electron microscopy was to quantify the size and distribution of β-phase precipitates on Ga-embrittled intergranular fracture surfaces of AA5083. The results are compared with the degree of sensitisation (DoS) as judged by nitric acid mass loss testing (ASTM-G67-04), and discussed with models for sensitisation in 5xxx series Al-alloys. The work herein allows sensitisation to be quantified from an unambiguous microstructural perspective.
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 11-2016
Publisher: Association for Materials Protection and Performance (AMPP)
Date: 02-2015
DOI: 10.5006/1419
Publisher: Association for Materials Protection and Performance (AMPP)
Date: 2015
DOI: 10.5006/1417
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 11-2010
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 02-2014
DOI: 10.1002/JBM.A.35111
Abstract: The postdegradation effect of pure Mg, Mg-1Y, Mg-5Al, and Mg-2Ca alloys on the differentiation, proliferation and gene expression of human mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs) was investigated. It was revealed that that Mg(2+) ions result in an increase in cell proliferation. However, we observed a maximum concentration (approximately 8.0 × 10(-4) M) that was favourable to ATP production, above which ATP production began to decrease. In contrast to proliferation, no maximum concentration for osteogenic differentiation was observed, with increasing concentration of Mg(2+) ions resulting in an increase in osteogenic differentiation across the entire tested range. Interestingly, the Mg-2Ca alloy had minimal effect on osteogenic differentiation, with Mg-1Y and pure Mg having a superior effect on the proliferation and differentiation of hMSCs. This was also observed from gene expression data, where these alloys upregulated TGFβ-1, SMAD4, FGF-2, FGF-10, and BMP-2, while SOX-2, SOX-9, and TNF-α were downregulated. Increased expression of TGFβ-1, SMAD4, BMPs, and COLIA1 protein provided further evidence to support osteogenic differentiation and that the influence of the alloying extracts on differentiation may be via the SMAD signaling pathway.
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 02-2012
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 04-2019
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 07-2015
Publisher: The Electrochemical Society
Date: 2015
DOI: 10.1149/2.0781508JES
Publisher: Association for Materials Protection and Performance (AMPP)
Date: 18-07-2018
DOI: 10.5006/2860
Abstract: A mechanistic understanding of the process of underground corrosion is important for modeling pipeline deterioration. In this study, a time-dependent multiscale numerical model incorporating electrochemistry and soil hydrology is developed. The model realistically simulates soil moisture and aeration conditions and their influence on anodic/cathodic activity without prior definition. In this manner, both micro- and macrocell corrosion and their evolution with time are simulated along with the effects of differential aeration. The model was validated with low-alloy cast iron corrosion data from the United States National Bureau of Standards corrosion exposure study. The effect of soil aeration in controlling soil corrosiveness was simulated with suitable boundary conditions. It was demonstrated that macrocells arising due to differential aeration can lead to elevated levels of corrosion in pipelines, especially in fairly aerated soils.
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 09-2015
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 09-2010
Publisher: Elsevier
Date: 2011
Publisher: The Electrochemical Society
Date: 2006
DOI: 10.1149/1.2344826
Publisher: JMIR Publications Inc.
Date: 05-05-2017
DOI: 10.2196/JMIR.7326
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 06-2011
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 27-03-2014
Publisher: The Electrochemical Society
Date: 2014
DOI: 10.1149/2.064403JES
Publisher: The Electrochemical Society
Date: 2017
DOI: 10.1149/2.1371706JES
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 08-2021
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 06-2023
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Date: 23-05-2016
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 07-2017
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 08-2016
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 02-2013
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 27-12-2017
Publisher: Association for Materials Protection and Performance (AMPP)
Date: 02-10-2018
DOI: 10.5006/2967
Publisher: Association for Materials Protection and Performance (AMPP)
Date: 11-02-2023
DOI: 10.5006/4229
Abstract: The passivity breakdown and subsequent stress corrosion cracking (SCC) of Type 2001 lean duplex stainless steel (UNS S32001) reinforcement were investigated in a highly alkaline environment containing chlorides at a low temperature. Electrochemical analysis and mechanical testing were utilized to characterize the passive film development. Fractographic analysis was performed, correlating microstructure and corrosion performance, to reveal preferential crack paths. A chloride threshold below 4 wt% Cl− for a high alkaline environment was elucidated, with pitting susceptibility factor values close to unity, having a threshold critical areal cation vacancy concentration for passivity breakdown close to the 1013 cm−2. Pit initiation leading to passivity breakdown and crack nucleation in 4 wt% Cl− was triggered for stresses above σy, developing a low-frequency peak (0.1 Hz to 0.01 Hz) of the cracking process. Current peak deconvolution demonstrated passivity breakdown was triggered by the intensification in the rate of Type II transient and exposure time, while an increase in transient litude was related to the crack propagation. The α phase served as a nucleation site for pits, whose propagation was arrested at the γ phase. Predominant intergranular-SCC morphology through the α/γ interface was developed following anodic dissolution given the more active nature of the α phase (most active path) minor transgranular-SCC propagated through γ phase when high-stress concentration was reached, corresponding to slip-step dissolution.
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 12-2016
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 2016
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 03-2012
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 17-11-2020
DOI: 10.1186/S12882-020-02100-4
Abstract: Pregnancy-related Atypical Haemolytic Uremic Syndrome (P-aHUS) is a rare condition affecting genetically predisposed women during pregnancy. It is often difficult to diagnose and has a significant impact on maternal and foetal outcomes. It is characterised by microangiopathic haemolytic anaemia and kidney injury from thrombotic microangiopathy. A 27-year-old female of Lebanese descent presented at 36 weeks’ gestation with foetal death in-utero (FDIU) with placental abruption on a background of previously normal antenatal visits. She was coagulopathic and anaemic with anuric acute kidney injury, requiring emergency Caesarean section, intubation and dialysis. Her coagulopathy rapidly resolved, however, her anaemia and renal dysfunction persisted. A diagnosis of P-aHUS was made, and she was empirically treated with Eculizumab. Her ADAMTS13 level was normal, effectively excluding thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura. Within 2 weeks of treatment her haematological parameters improved, and her renal function began to recover and within 2 months she became dialysis independent. This case highlights the challenges of a timely diagnosis of P-aHUS from other pregnancy-related diseases. Although our patient is dialysis-independent, her risk of relapse remains high with subsequent pregnancies. Currently we are awaiting her genetic sequencing to complete her assessment for underlying mutations and are determining the safest approach to a future planned pregnancy.
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 11-2013
Publisher: Association for Materials Protection and Performance (AMPP)
Date: 03-2011
DOI: 10.5006/1.3563639
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Date: 16-01-2018
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 28-05-2018
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 05-03-2018
Publisher: International Union of Crystallography (IUCr)
Date: 30-04-2015
DOI: 10.1107/S1600577515007596
Abstract: Figures 7 and 8 of the article by Clancy et al. [(2015), J. Synchrotron Rad. 22 , 366–375] are corrected.
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 2014
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 25-11-2014
Abstract: The electrochemical impedance of reactive metals such as magnesium is often complicated by an obvious inductive loop with decreasing frequency of the AC polarising signal. The characterisation and ensuing explanation of this phenomenon has been lacking in the literature to date, being either ignored or speculated. Herein, we couple electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) with online atomic emission spectroelectrochemistry (AESEC) to simultaneously measure Mg-ion concentration and electrochemical impedance spectra during Mg corrosion, in real time. It is revealed that Mg dissolution occurs via Mg(2+) , and that corrosion is activated, as measured by AC frequencies less than approximately 1 Hz approaching DC conditions. The result of this is a higher rate of Mg(2+) dissolution, as the voltage excitation becomes slow enough to enable all Mg(2+) -enabling processes to adjust in real time. The manifestation of this in EIS data is an inductive loop. The rationalisation of such EIS behaviour, as it relates to Mg, is revealed for the first time by using concurrent AESEC.
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 05-2019
Publisher: International Union of Crystallography (IUCr)
Date: 31-01-2015
DOI: 10.1107/S1600577514027659
Abstract: This paper describes the quantitative measurement, by in situ synchrotron X-ray diffraction (S-XRD) and subsequent Rietveld-based quantitative phase analysis and thickness calculations, of the evolution of the PbO 2 and PbSO 4 surface layers formed on a pure lead anode under simulated copper electrowinning conditions in a 1.6 M H 2 SO 4 electrolyte at 318 K. This is the first report of a truly in situ S-XRD study of the surface layer evolution on a Pb substrate under cycles of galvanostatic and power interruption conditions, of key interest to the mining, solvent extraction and lead acid battery communities. The design of a novel reflection geometry electrochemical flow cell is also described. The in situ S-XRD results show that β-PbO 2 forms immediately on the anode under galvanostatic conditions, and undergoes continued growth until power interruption where it transforms to PbSO 4 . The kinetics of the β-PbO 2 to PbSO 4 conversion decrease as the number of cycles increases, whilst the amount of residual PbO 2 increases with the number of cycles due to incomplete conversion to PbSO 4 . Conversely, complete transformation of PbSO 4 to β-PbO 2 was observed in each cycle. The results of layer thickness calculations demonstrate a significant volume change upon PbSO 4 to β-PbO 2 transformation.
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 05-2013
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 07-2018
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 03-2022
DOI: 10.1016/J.MICRON.2021.103202
Abstract: Al-5.8Mg-0.4Mn with minor alloying additions of Sc and Zr was investigated via electrochemical testing and nitric acid mass loss testing (NAMLT) in order to reveal the influence of Sc and Zr upon sensitization and intergranular corrosion. The Al-Mg-Mn alloys were also analysed using an electron probe microanalyzer, indicating that β-phase (Al
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 05-2013
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 04-2018
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 10-2012
Publisher: Association for Materials Protection and Performance (AMPP)
Date: 05-2017
DOI: 10.5006/2282
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 04-2013
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 12-2015
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 04-2014
DOI: 10.1016/J.JCONREL.2014.01.026
Abstract: The study of metallic drug/device combinations for controlled drug release in orthopaedic applications has gained significant momentum in the past decade, particularly for the prevention and reduction of implant associated infection. Such combinations are commonly based upon a permanent metallic implant (such as stainless steel or titanium) and are then coated with a drug-eluting polymer or ceramic system. Drug elution is also possible from the implant itself by utilising metallic foams, porous architectures and bioresorbable metals. This review will explore the current research into metallic implant drug/device combinations via a critical review of the relevant literature.
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 12-2011
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 02-2010
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 06-2007
Publisher: The Electrochemical Society
Date: 2015
DOI: 10.1149/2.0541506JES
Publisher: The Electrochemical Society
Date: 2005
DOI: 10.1149/1.1869984
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 09-2016
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 04-2012
Publisher: The Electrochemical Society
Date: 2018
DOI: 10.1149/2.0391807JES
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Date: 02-06-2016
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Date: 12-2004
Publisher: Association for Materials Protection and Performance (AMPP)
Date: 06-2012
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 02-2019
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 12-2016
Publisher: Association for Materials Protection and Performance (AMPP)
Date: 2012
DOI: 10.5006/1.3676630
Publisher: IOP Publishing
Date: 05-2017
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 17-10-2017
DOI: 10.1038/S41467-017-01330-9
Abstract: Magnesium, the lightest structural metal, is difficult to form at room temperature due to an insufficient number of deformation modes imposed by its hexagonal structure and a strong texture developed during thermomechanical processes. Although appropriate alloying additions can weaken the texture, formability improvement is limited because alloying additions do not fundamentally alter deformation modes. Here we show that magnesium can become super-formable at room temperature without alloying. Despite possessing a strong texture, magnesium can be cold rolled to a strain at least eight times that possible in conventional processing. The resultant cold-rolled sheet can be further formed without cracking due to grain size reduction to the order of one micron and inter-granular mechanisms becoming dominant, rather than the usual slip and twinning. These findings provide a pathway for developing highly formable products from magnesium and other hexagonal metals that are traditionally difficult to form at room temperature.
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 12-2016
Publisher: Association for Materials Protection and Performance (AMPP)
Date: 05-2013
DOI: 10.5006/0807
Abstract: A database was constructed from tests in aqueous electrolytes simulating the damage that may occur to ferrous transport pipelines in the carbon capture and storage (CCS) process. Temperature and concentrations of carbonic acid (H2CO3), sulfuric acid (H2SO4), hydrochloric acid (HCl), nitric acid (HNO3), sodium nitrate (NaNO3), sodium sulfate (Na2SO4), and sodium chloride (NaCl) were varied the potentiodynamic polarization response, along with physical damage from exposure, was measured. Sensitivity analysis was conducted via generation of fuzzy curves, and a neural network model also was developed. A correlation between corrosion current (icorr) and exposure tests (measured in the form of weight and thickness loss) was observed however, the key outcome of the work is the presentation of a model that captures corrosion rate as a function of environments relevant to (CCS) pipeline, revealing the extent of the threat and the variables of interest.
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 06-2012
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 11-2015
Publisher: Association for Materials Protection and Performance (AMPP)
Date: 17-10-2013
DOI: 10.5006/0804
Abstract: Sensitization of 5xxx series Al alloys involving precipitation of β phase (Mg2Al3) at grain boundaries was studied for different exposure times at 100°C upon AA5083-H131 (UNS A95083). In this work, we reveal that fracture surfaces prepared by liquid gallium embrittlement can yield a quantification of grain boundary β phase with significant statistics on β phase size and spacing. This information is a necessary first step toward development of quantitative damage models to describe inter-granular corrosion (IGC) and stress corrosion (IGSCC).
Publisher: Association for Materials Protection and Performance (AMPP)
Date: 06-2012
DOI: 10.5006/I0010-9312-68-6-489
Abstract: The influence of neodymium (Nd) alloying additions in the 0.47 wt% to 3.53 wt% range on the localized corrosion behavior of Mg, when freely corroding in aqueous sodium chloride (NaCl) electrolyte, is investigated using an in situ scanning vibrating electrode technique (SVET). For all s les, the point of surface breakdown is an intense focal anode that expands radially with respect to time, revealing a cathodically activated interior, which is galvanically coupled with the local anode at the perimeter. However, for Nd compositions of ≤0.74%, radial expansion ceases within ca. 2 h of initiation, whereupon dark filiform-like corrosion features are observed, which traverse over the exposed Mg surface. For Nd additions of ≥1.25%, the radial expansion continues with time up to a point where the entire intact surface becomes consumed. The intensity of the local anode ring of circular corroded regions is seen to increase as more cathodically activated corroded surface becomes exposed. Mean current density values measured within these corroded areas increase progressively with Nd content, leading to a progressive rise in localized corrosion rates. The cathodic activation of corroded regions is proposed to derive from an enrichment of noble, Nd-rich intermetallic grains caused as the alpha-Mg phase becomes attacked at local anode sites.
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 09-04-2018
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 03-2012
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 2012
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 04-2015
Publisher: The Electrochemical Society
Date: 2016
DOI: 10.1149/2.1121605JES
Publisher: Association for Materials Protection and Performance (AMPP)
Date: 03-2012
DOI: 10.5006/1.3688501
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 10-08-2017
Publisher: Springer International Publishing
Date: 2018
Publisher: The Electrochemical Society
Date: 19-08-2015
DOI: 10.1149/2.0081510EEL
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 09-06-2020
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 29-12-2020
DOI: 10.1111/DOM.14281
Abstract: To summarize evidence from randomized controlled trials (RCTs) concerning the effects of dipeptidyl peptidase‐4 (DPP‐4) inhibitors on kidney outcomes in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). The Medline, EMBASE and Cochrane databases were searched for RCTs comparing DPP‐4 inhibitors with a placebo, active comparator or standard care, with at least 500 person‐years follow‐up in patients with T2DM and with reporting of kidney outcomes. Treatment effects were summarized using random‐effects meta‐analysis. Ten trials including 47 955 patients (mean estimated glomerular filtration rate [eGFR] 71 mL/min/1.73m 2 , mean follow‐up 10 762 patient‐years per trial) were eligible for inclusion. DPP‐4 inhibitors were compared with placebo (five trials), active comparator (three trials), and standard care (two trials). Overall, treatment with DPP‐4 inhibitors was associated with a greater decline in eGFR than treatment with the comparators (weighted mean difference −1.12 mL/min/1.73m 2 , 95% confidence interval [CI] −1.61, −0.62 high‐certainty evidence). There were no detectable effects of DPP‐4 inhibitors on rates of doubling serum creatinine (risk ratio [RR] 1.10, 95% CI 0.90, 1.34 high‐certainty evidence), end‐stage kidney disease (RR 0.97, 95% CI 0.77, 1.23 high‐certainty evidence), death from kidney causes (RR 1.81, 95% CI 0.67, 4.93 low‐certainty evidence), or all‐cause mortality (RR 1.01, 95% CI 0.95, 1.09 high‐certainty evidence). DPP‐4 inhibitors significantly reduced the risks of the surrogate kidney outcome of new albuminuria (RR 0.88, 95% CI 0.8, 0.98 moderate‐certainty evidence) and worsening albuminuria (RR 0.88, 95% CI 0.82, 0.94 moderate‐certainty evidence). There was no difference in the safety outcome of acute kidney injury (RR 1.04, 95% CI 0.57, 1.87 high‐certainty evidence). Dipeptidyl peptidase‐4 inhibitors are associated with a greater decline in eGFR, despite reducing the development and progression of albuminuria, and have no clear effect on other key kidney outcomes.
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 2011
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 16-10-2017
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 08-2020
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 08-2018
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 07-2009
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 2011
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 06-2009
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 2011
Publisher: The Electrochemical Society
Date: 2017
DOI: 10.1149/2.0551706JES
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 03-2019
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 03-2009
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 09-2013
Publisher: Association for Materials Protection and Performance (AMPP)
Date: 07-2023
DOI: 10.5006/4394
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 09-2017
Publisher: Elsevier
Date: 2013
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 10-2023
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 06-2008
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 09-2003
Publisher: Association for Materials Protection and Performance (AMPP)
Date: 02-2015
DOI: 10.5006/1432
Publisher: The Electrochemical Society
Date: 2013
DOI: 10.1149/2.001308JES
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 10-2010
Publisher: Royal Society of Chemistry (RSC)
Date: 2016
DOI: 10.1039/C6RA03464K
Abstract: The use of light-weight magnesium (Mg) alloys as engineering materials has been h ered in part due to their poor corrosion performance. An effective novel sacrificial coating is presented herein.
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 09-2023
Publisher: Royal Society of Chemistry (RSC)
Date: 2014
DOI: 10.1039/C3TA14999D
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 2019
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 06-2022
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 2008
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Date: 08-2012
Publisher: Association for Materials Protection and Performance (AMPP)
Date: 07-2010
DOI: 10.5006/1.3462912
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Date: 08-2012
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 11-2018
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 03-2009
Publisher: American Chemical Society (ACS)
Date: 11-12-2019
Abstract: Magnesium (Mg) metal has been widely explored as an anode material for Mg-ion batteries (MIBs) owing to its large specific capacity and dendrite-free operation. However, critical challenges, such as the formation of passivation layers during battery operation and anode-electrolyte-cathode incompatibilities, limit the practical application of Mg-metal anodes for MIBs. Motivated by the promise of group XIV elements (namely, Si, Ge, and Sn) as anodes for lithium- and sodium-ion batteries, here, we conduct systematic first-principles calculations to explore the thermodynamics and kinetics of group XIV anodes for MIBs and to identify the atomistic mechanisms of the electrochemical insertion reactions of Mg ions. We confirm the formation of amorphous Mg
Publisher: The Electrochemical Society
Date: 20-03-2009
DOI: 10.1149/1.3091906
Abstract: Aluminum alloys derive their favorable mechanical properties from heterogeneous microstructures. The heterogeneity of these microstructures leads to localized corrosion. Whilst there has been intense research in localized corrosion in the past, a very important question remains unanswered: "How small is too small for microstructural features to behave as unique electrochemical entities or local corrosion hot-spots?" Our prior work has indicated that precipitates on the order of a few nm in size can indeed serve as unique electrochemical entities. In this work, we investigate the corrosion behavior of a new class of Al alloys based on inhomogeneous solid solutions. Through heat treatment, a spectrum of chemical heterogeneities ranging from about a couple of solute atoms to many tens of atoms (atomic clusters) may be formed without local changes in crystal structure. The mechanical properties of these alloys are strongly affected by the atomic scale clustering of solute atoms - whilst in this work we present some results for the corrosion properties (pitting propensity) of such alloys.
Publisher: Elsevier
Date: 2010
Publisher: Royal Society of Chemistry (RSC)
Date: 2015
DOI: 10.1039/C5TB01516B
Abstract: (a) Alloying of microlevels of Sr do not promote the in vitro cathodic reaction, whilst it slightly moderates the anodic kinetics of Mg in MEM and (b) adopted microadditions of Sr around its solid solubility in a Mg implant favourable for bone growth.
Publisher: Association for Materials Protection and Performance (AMPP)
Date: 02-2016
DOI: 10.5006/1787
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 12-2013
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 06-2013
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 12-2018
Publisher: Association for Materials Protection and Performance (AMPP)
Date: 2019
DOI: 10.5006/2995
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 03-2012
DOI: 10.1016/J.ACTBIO.2011.11.014
Abstract: Magnesium (Mg) and its alloys have been intensively studied as biodegradable implant materials, where their mechanical properties make them attractive candidates for orthopaedic applications. There are several commonly used in vitro tests, from simple mass loss experiments to more complex electrochemical methods, which provide information on the biocorrosion rates and mechanisms. The various methods each have their own unique benefits and limitations. Inappropriate test setup or interpretation of in vitro results creates the potential for flawed justification of subsequent in vivo experiments. It is therefore crucial to fully understand the correct usages of each experiment and the factors that need to be considered before drawing conclusions. This paper aims to elucidate the main benefits and limitations for each of the major in vitro methodologies that are used in examining the biodegradation behaviour of Mg and its alloys.
Publisher: Springer International Publishing
Date: 2017
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Date: 05-12-2014
Publisher: Trans Tech Publications, Ltd.
Date: 03-2014
DOI: 10.4028/WWW.SCIENTIFIC.NET/AMR.891-892.211
Abstract: The processes involved in corrosion fatigue in general are briefly outlined, followed by a brief review of recent studies on the effects of cycle frequency (rise times) and electrode potential on crack-growth rates at intermediate ΔK levels for cathodically protected high-strength steels. New studies concerning the effects of fall times and hold times at maximum and minimum loads on crack-growth rates (for K max values below the sustained-load SCC threshold) are presented and discussed. Fractographic observations and the data indicate that corrosion-fatigue crack-growth rates in aqueous environments depend on the concentration of hydrogen adsorbed at crack tips and at tips of nanovoids ahead of cracks. Potential-dependent electrochemical reaction rates, crack-tip strain rates, and hydrogen transport to nanovoids are therefore critical parameters. The observations are best explained by an adsorption-induced dislocation-emission (AIDE) mechanism of hydrogen embrittlement.
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Date: 10-04-2014
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 08-01-2016
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 07-2016
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 19-08-2010
DOI: 10.1002/JBM.B.31687
Abstract: A systematic investigation of a series of magnesium-calcium binary alloys is presented to reveal the influence of increasing calcium (Ca) additions on the in vitro degradation of magnesium (Mg). Because of its prevalence in structural tissues, Ca is among the most biologically viable additions to orthopedic-intended Mg-based biomaterials. Hence, a fundamental electrochemical study of Ca additions to Mg biomaterials is essential to its continued role as an alloying addition. In this work, in vitro degradation conditions closer to the physiological environment were implemented through the addition of proteins to simulated body fluid and maintenance of a constant pH, with tests conducted using Hanks solution, minimum essential medium (MEM), and MEM containing fetal bovine serum. Alloying with Ca leads to the formation of Mg2Ca intermetallic particles that result in systematically enhanced dissolution kinetics. This observation is rationalized via microelectrochemical tests upon the Mg2Ca intermetallic in isolation, which reveals rapid anodic kinetics. Hence, the extent of Mg-Ca alloy dissolution can be modified depending on the amount of Mg2Ca present, suggesting that Ca can be deployed as a functional addition capable of not only enhancing biodissolution of the alloy, but being able to do this in a systematic, controllable manner depending on its volume fraction. In addition, up to a 3-fold reduction in the corrosion rate is observed with corrosion testing in an albumin-containing medium when compared to Hanks solution, the results highlighting that the use of a physiologically "correct" medium is essential for the in vitro screening of Mg-based alloys suitable for orthopaedic applications.
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 03-2015
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 11-2015
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Date: 07-08-2014
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 02-2014
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 04-2005
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 04-2023
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 2013
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 11-2015
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 02-2013
Publisher: The Electrochemical Society
Date: 07-07-2005
DOI: 10.1149/1.2215495
Abstract: The electrochemical behavior of AA7075-T651 following immersion in quiescent 0.1M NaCl is presented. Electrochemical impedance at various polarization intervals was determined using Fourier transformation of potentiostatically induced current transients. This allowed for rapid determination of the impedance response at fixed intervals revealing a more detailed insight into the kinetic response of the alloy when assessed with complementary analysis tools such as potentiodynamic testing. This led to a discussion regarding aspects of dissolution phenomena prior to alloy breakdown and at short immersion times.
Publisher: American Astronomical Society
Date: 23-02-2023
Abstract: We update the capabilities of the open-knowledge software instrument Modules for Experiments in Stellar Astrophysics ( MESA ). The new auto _ diff module implements automatic differentiation in MESA , an enabling capability that alleviates the need for hard-coded analytic expressions or finite-difference approximations. We significantly enhance the treatment of the growth and decay of convection in MESA with a new model for time-dependent convection, which is particularly important during late-stage nuclear burning in massive stars and electron-degenerate ignition events. We strengthen MESA ’s implementation of the equation of state, and we quantify continued improvements to energy accounting and solver accuracy through a discussion of different energy equation features and enhancements. To improve the modeling of stars in MESA , we describe key updates to the treatment of stellar atmospheres, molecular opacities, Compton opacities, conductive opacities, element diffusion coefficients, and nuclear reaction rates. We introduce treatments of starspots, an important consideration for low-mass stars, and modifications for superadiabatic convection in radiation-dominated regions. We describe new approaches for increasing the efficiency of calculating monochromatic opacities and radiative levitation, and for increasing the efficiency of evolving the late stages of massive stars with a new operator-split nuclear burning mode. We close by discussing major updates to MESA ’s software infrastructure that enhance source code development and community engagement.
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 08-2009
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 10-2016
Publisher: The Electrochemical Society
Date: 2010
DOI: 10.1149/1.3477162
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 10-2015
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 28-01-2013
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 08-2021
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 09-2011
Publisher: Association for Materials Protection and Performance (AMPP)
Date: 10-2014
DOI: 10.5006/1257
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 10-2023
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Date: 08-2012
Publisher: American Chemical Society (ACS)
Date: 18-11-2016
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Date: 26-12-2014
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 11-2015
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 06-07-2016
DOI: 10.1038/SREP29225
Abstract: In the present study, hygroscopicity of the choline chloride-urea (ChCl-2Urea) ionic liquid (IL) was confirmed through Karl-Fisher titration examination, indicating that the water content in the hydrated ChCl-2Urea IL was exposure-time dependent and could be tailored by simple heating treatment. The impact of the absorbed water on the properties of ChCl-2Urea IL, including viscosity, electrical conductivity, electrochemical window and chemical structure was investigated. The results show that water was able to dramatically reduce the viscosity and improve the conductivity, however, a broad electrochemical window could be persisted when the water content was below ~6 wt.%. These characteristics were beneficial for producing dense and compact coatings. Nickel (Ni) coatings plating from hydrated ChCl-2Urea IL, which was selected as an ex le to show the effect of water on the electroplating, displayed that a compact and corrosion-resistant Ni coating was plated from ChCl-2Urea IL containing 6 wt.% water doped with 400 mg/L NA at a moderate temperature. As verified by FTIR analysis, the intrinsic reason could be ascribed that water was likely linked with urea through strong hydrogen bond so that the water decomposition was suppressed during plating. Present study may provide a reference to prepare some similar water-stable ILs for plating.
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 2018
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Date: 12-03-2015
Publisher: Oxford University Press (OUP)
Date: 15-03-2017
Abstract: Health policy and systems research (HPSR) is increasingly funded and undertaken as part of health system strengthening efforts worldwide. HPSR ethics is also a relatively new and emerging field, with numerous normative and descriptive questions that have largely not been considered. Normative questions include what ethical principles and values should guide HPSR. Descriptive questions include what ethical concerns arise when conducting HPSR. A small but growing body of scholarly work characterizes the various ethics issues inherent in HPSR. Towards informing the future development of ethics guidance for HPSR, a scoping review was undertaken to: (1) identify the range of ethics issues relevant to the conduct of HPSR-with a deliberate (though not exclusive) focus on low- and middle-income country settings and (2) describe existing guidance on key ethics issues relevant to HPSR. Using the Cochrane methods as a basis, the review identified formal and informal literature on HPSR ethics by searching the following databases: PubMed's Medline, Embase, Global Health, Scopus, WHO Global Health Regional Libraries, LILACs, OpenDOAR and Bielefeld Academic Search Engine. In total, 11 062 documents were identified from the formal (10 519) and informal (543) literature. One hundred and seven of these documents (formal 99 and informal 8) met at least one inclusion criterion and underwent thematic analysis. Ethical issues in four main categories were identified: upholding autonomy, identifying and balancing risks and benefits, justice and determination of ethical review requirements. The review indicated that the ethical values behind HPSR place an emphasis on its contributing to the reduction of health disparities. Unsurprisingly then, numerous ethical concerns relating to justice arise in HPSR. However, the majority of existing guidance focuses on obtaining or waiving informed consent and, thus, appears to be insufficient for HPSR. A list of priority ethics issues in HPSR in need of guidance development is provided.
Publisher: The Electrochemical Society
Date: 2018
DOI: 10.1149/2.1061809JES
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 05-2014
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 02-2016
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 10-2013
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 21-07-2016
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 04-2019
Publisher: Royal Society of Chemistry (RSC)
Date: 2016
DOI: 10.1039/C6TB00342G
Abstract: Here we analysed Mg–Zn–Ca metallic glasses that are promising biomaterials for orthopaedic applications with a specific emphasis on the in idual element's role in biodegradation.
Publisher: Association for Materials Protection and Performance (AMPP)
Date: 2013
DOI: 10.5006/0833
Publisher: Association for Materials Protection and Performance (AMPP)
Date: 02-2015
DOI: 10.5006/1367
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 03-2014
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 21-12-2022
Abstract: A fundamental understanding of corrosion mechanisms is the key to developing suitable corrosion protection approaches, and for the prediction of service life of metallic structures. However, conventional corrosion testing methods such as mass loss and electrochemical testing do not guarantee estimation of "true" corrosion rate and often mask the underlying mechanisms, due to either low sensitivity or a lack of element‐resolved information. Relatively recent work in corrosion science has led to the development of a new class of corrosion testing approaches, namely atomic spectroelectrochemistry whereby direct insight of dissolution and corrosion mechanisms can be obtained during electrochemical testing. Atomic spectroelectrochemistry provides real‐time and element resolved dissolution rate of material via coupling electrochemical flow cell with inductively coupled plasma – atomic spectroscopy. This concise review discusses the basic working principle of atomic spectroelectrochemistry and its recent applications in corrosion science to understand the true underlying corrosion mechanisms of a range of metallic materials.
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 02-2019
Publisher: The Electrochemical Society
Date: 2012
DOI: 10.1149/2.002201EEL
Publisher: The Electrochemical Society
Date: 2017
DOI: 10.1149/2.1221702JES
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 04-2015
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 05-12-2016
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 10-2018
Publisher: Elsevier
Date: 2014
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 08-06-2015
Publisher: Association for Materials Protection and Performance (AMPP)
Date: 10-2011
DOI: 10.5006/1.3647762
Abstract: Recent works on high-purity materials have indicated that microstructural modification via grain refinement can alternately reduce or enhance corrosion, depending on the specific material-environment combination. Generally, however, a paucity of information exists in understanding how microstructural alteration and processing, in combination with grain refinement, affects corrosion. In this work, the effect of microstructural refinement on an alloy containing a high number density of precipitates and intermetallics is explored. Grain-refined AA2024-T3 (UNS A92024) s les were produced through severe plastic deformation processes and their corrosion response was compared to control s les of commercial ingot and sheet across the pH range. Microstructure and grain size were characterized using a combination of electron backscattered diffraction and transmission electron microscopy. It is revealed that there is a difference in corrosion between the specimens (which possess nearly the same bulk chemistry) as based on anodic potentiodynamic polarization, current transient, and exposure rofilometry experiments in sodium chloride (NaCl) electrolytes. However, in all cases, the effect is dominated by the environment, micro-chemical differences, and grain size.
Publisher: Association for Materials Protection and Performance (AMPP)
Date: 02-2015
DOI: 10.5006/1483
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 12-2010
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 07-02-2022
Publisher: Springer International Publishing
Date: 2017
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 12-07-2012
Publisher: Association for Materials Protection and Performance (AMPP)
Date: 04-2014
DOI: 10.5006/1117
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 03-12-2019
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 2012
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 05-2005
Publisher: Trans Tech Publications, Ltd.
Date: 06-2010
DOI: 10.4028/WWW.SCIENTIFIC.NET/MSF.654-656.1956
Abstract: The use of materials with otherwise desirable mechanical properties is often problematic in practice as a result of corrosion. Susceptibility may arise for a number of reasons, including an electrochemically heterogeneous surface or destabilisation of a passive film. These shortcomings have historically been overcome through the use of various coatings or claddings. However, a more robust surface layer with enhanced corrosion resistance could possibly be produced via local surface alloying using a fluidised bed. A fluidised bed treatment allows a surface to be alloyed, producing a distinct surface layer up to tens of microns thick. Surface alloying additions can be selected on the basis of whether they are known or suspected to enhance the corrosion resistance of a particular material, whilst at a minimum, surface alloying likely provides a more electrochemically homogeneous surface. Electrochemical evaluations using potentiodynamic polarisations in NaCl electrolytes have shown chromised plain carbon and stainless steel surfaces have decreased rates of corrosion, decreased passive current densities, and ennobled pitting potentials relative to untreated specimens.
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 2016
Publisher: Association for Materials Protection and Performance (AMPP)
Date: 05-02-2013
DOI: 10.5006/0828
Abstract: A total of 47 alloys were produced to explore the changes in electrochemical and corrosion behavior of binary and ternary Mn- and Zr-containing Mg alloys—in the absence of Al. Up to ~2 wt% Mn was found to slightly reduce cathodic kinetics, while Zr in solid solution increased anodic reaction kinetics. We demonstrate that Zr is an efficient “activator” of Mg, which has not been explicitly shown previously. When Mn and Zr are both added to Mg, there can be an optimized combination/interaction where Mn with Zr works in conjunction to moderate the corrosion rate compared to an Mg-alloy with either Zr or Mn as singular additions. This has ramifications in emerging Al-free Mg alloys.
Publisher: Association for Materials Protection and Performance (AMPP)
Date: 31-05-2013
DOI: 10.5006/0948
Abstract: The influence of Mg content on the degree of sensitization (DoS) of Al-xMg-0.5Mn (wt%) alloys (where x varies from 3.36 wt% to 8.85 wt%) was investigated via the nitric acid mass loss test (NAMLT). NAMLT upon sensitized specimens revealed that mass loss was negligible below ~4.01 wt% Mg, while for Mg content ≥4.01 wt%, mass loss increased monotonically. The calculated equilibrium β-phase fractions were contrast with the DoS values. Additionally, the influence of the Mg content on corrosion was investigated via potentiodynamic polarization testing, in conjunction with microhardness measurements. We found that Mg additions lead to an increase in hardness without causing any significant impact on electrochemically determined corrosion current density however, Mg content has a major impact on intergranular corrosion as determined from NAMLT.
Publisher: Association for Materials Protection and Performance (AMPP)
Date: 07-2013
DOI: 10.5006/0827
Publisher: Association for Materials Protection and Performance (AMPP)
Date: 22-08-2014
DOI: 10.5006/0944
Abstract: Steel coupons were exposed to a supercritical carbon dioxide (CO2) environment in which water contamination was deliberately added over the range from 100 ppmw to 50,000 ppmw. Exposure was carried out in a laboratory scale autoclave at 8 MPa and 40°C for 7 days. Contaminant water in CO2 permits the speciation of carbonic acid (H2CO3), which can itself be a threat to durability, but also permit further contaminants to segregate to the aqueous acid phase. A systematic investigation of corrosion in supercritical CO2 over a range of water concentrations is lacking in the literature, despite being a significant elementary issue. Herein, weight-loss tests were performed, and subsequent scanning electron microscopy suggested all specimens displayed some extent of corrosion. The main corrosion mechanism observed was uniform corrosion. Supplementary optical profilometry suggested that water concentration has a small effect on any pitting corrosion that occurred. In general, increased mass loss was observed with an increase in water concentration beyond ~1,000 ppmw H2O, concomitant with a rate of change in the H2CO3 concentration.
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 09-2011
Publisher: Elsevier
Date: 2015
Publisher: Elsevier
Date: 2013
Publisher: Association for Materials Protection and Performance (AMPP)
Date: 02-2015
DOI: 10.5006/1467
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 2014
DOI: 10.1016/J.ACTBIO.2012.03.009
Abstract: A series of six unique Ca-based bulk metallic glasses were synthesized and characterized. The glasses were designed to consist solely of the biocompatible elements Ca, Mg and Zn, with the view to their potential use as bioresorbable metals for orthopaedic applications. The alloys had a critical casting thickness of up to 4.5 mm. Mechanical and thermophysical testing revealed a Young's modulus (stiffness) of ∼40 GPa. Glass transition temperatures ranged from 119 to 129°C, above which the alloys can be formed like a thermoplastic polymer. In vitro biocorrosion testing using a combination of polarization and mass loss techniques revealed that the corrosion rate of these alloys is relatively rapid, although, in some cases, it may be tailored through alloy composition.
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 02-2014
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 08-03-2012
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 04-2021
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 03-2014
DOI: 10.1016/J.ACTBIO.2013.11.016
Abstract: A simple strontium phosphate (SrP) conversion coating process was developed to protect magnesium (Mg) from the initial degradation post-implantation. The coating morphology, deposition rate and resultant phases are all dependent on the processing temperature, which determines the protective ability for Mg in minimum essential medium (MEM). Coatings produced at 80 °C are primarily made up of strontium apatite (SrAp) with a granular surface, a high degree of crystallinity and the highest protective ability, which arises from retarding anodic dissolution of Mg in MEM. Following 14 days' immersion in MEM, the SrAp coating maintained its integrity with only a small fraction of the surface corroded. The post-degradation effect of uncoated Mg and Mg coated at 40 and 80 °C on the proliferation and differentiation of human mesenchymal stem cells was also studied, revealing that the SrP coatings are biocompatible and permit proliferation to a level similar to that of pure Mg. The present study suggests that the SrP conversion coating is a promising option for controlling the early rapid degradation rate, and hence hydrogen gas evolution, of Mg implants without adverse effects on surrounding cells and tissues.
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Date: 27-01-2014
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 10-2018
Publisher: The Electrochemical Society
Date: 2011
DOI: 10.1149/1.3523229
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 07-2021
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 09-2018
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 07-2018
No related grants have been discovered for Nick Birbilis.