ORCID Profile
0000-0002-6723-259X
Current Organisation
Deakin University
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Publisher: MDPI AG
Date: 14-12-2017
DOI: 10.3390/EN10122129
Publisher: IEEE
Date: 07-2006
Publisher: Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE)
Date: 12-2015
Publisher: MDPI AG
Date: 02-03-2016
DOI: 10.3390/EN9030147
Publisher: MDPI AG
Date: 22-09-2021
DOI: 10.3390/SU131910492
Abstract: As promising solutions to various social and environmental issues, the generation and integration of renewable energy (RE) into microgrids (MGs) has recently increased due to the rapidly growing consumption of electric power. However, such integration can affect the stability and security of power systems due to its complexity and intermittency. Therefore, an optimal control approach is essential to ensure the efficiency, reliability, and quality of the delivered power. In addition, effective planning of policies for integrating MGs can help promote MG operations. However, outages may render these strategies inefficient and place the power system at risk. MGs are considered an ideal candidate for distributed power systems, given their capability to restore these systems rapidly after a physical or cyber-attack and create reliable protection systems. The energy management system (EMS) in an MG can operate controllable distributed energy resources and loads in real-time to generate a suitable short-term schedule for achieving some objectives. This paper presents a comprehensive review of MG elements, the different RE resources that comprise a hybrid system, and the various types of control, operating strategies, and goals in an EMS. A detailed explanation of the primary, secondary, and tertiary levels of MGs is also presented. This paper aims to contribute to the policies and regulations adopted by certain countries, their protection schemes, transactive markets, and load restoration in MGs.
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 10-2016
Publisher: Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE)
Date: 03-2015
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Date: 20-06-2022
Publisher: MDPI AG
Date: 10-11-2016
DOI: 10.3390/EN9110937
Publisher: IEEE
Date: 07-2016
Publisher: Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE)
Date: 03-2022
Publisher: MDPI AG
Date: 10-11-2022
DOI: 10.3390/SU142214868
Abstract: The rapid alteration to land cover, combined with climate change, results in the variation of the land surface temperature (LST). This LST variation is mainly affected by the spatiotemporal changes of land cover classes, their geospatial characteristics, and spectral indices. Melbourne has been the subject of previous studies of land cover change but often over short time periods without considering the trade-offs between land use/land cover (LULC) and mean daytimes summer season LST over a more extended period. To fill this gap, this research aims to investigate the role of LULC change on mean annual daytime LST in the hot summers of 2001 and 2018 in Melbourne. To achieve the study’s aim, LULC and LST maps were generated based on the cost-effective cloud-based geospatial analysis platform Google Earth Engine (GEE). Furthermore, the geospatial and geo-statistical relationship between LULC, LST, and spectral indices of LULC, including the Normalised Difference Built-up Index (NDBI) and the Normalised Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI), were identified. The findings showed that the mean daytime LST increased by 5.1 °C from 2001 to 2018. The minimum and maximum LST values were recorded for the vegetation and the built-up area classes for 2001 and 2018. Additionally, the mean daytime LST for vegetation and the built-up area classes increased by 5.5 °C and 5.9 °C from 2001 to 2018, respectively. Furthermore, both elevation and NDVI were revealed as the most influencing factors in the LULC classification process. Considering the R2 values between LULC and LST and their NDVI values in 2018, grass (0.48), forest (0.27), and shrubs (0.21) had the highest values. In addition, urban areas (0.64), bare land (0.62), and cropland (0.61) LULC types showed the highest R2 values between LST regarding their NDBI values. This study highlights why urban planners and policymakers must understand the impacts of LULC change on LST. Appropriate policy measures can be proposed based on the findings to control Melbourne’s future development.
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 19-08-2023
DOI: 10.1007/S10055-023-00843-7
Abstract: The commercial release of affordable, low-cost, and consumer-ready virtual reality (VR) devices has increased the accessibility for researchers to investigate the benefits of VR technology including those aimed at education and training. VR technology provides several opportunities that may provide benefits over traditional training methods, this is particularly relevant for safety training due to its ability to safely simulate dangerous scenarios that would otherwise be difficult to access. When implementing a new technology, it is important to evaluate and validate its effectiveness. This paper presents a systematic review of VR safety-relevant training studies that perform an evaluation of their effectiveness. This comprehensive review includes 136 studies published between 2016 and August 2021. Results presented in this paper include application domains, study objectives, study designs, and evaluation measures. Results show that the majority of studies were applicable to health services with the majority focusing on effectiveness evaluation using true- or quasi-experimental design. This study then categorizes each reported evaluation measure into one of the four levels in Kirkpatrick’s model for training evaluation, results showed that the majority of studies evaluated learning (72.06%) and reaction (66.18%) levels with very few studies evaluating behavior and results levels. This study concludes by providing insights and recommendations to help future researchers make informed decisions when designing an effectiveness evaluation study for VR safety-relevant training applications.
Publisher: MDPI AG
Date: 07-06-2018
DOI: 10.3390/EN11061491
Publisher: MDPI AG
Date: 16-05-2017
DOI: 10.3390/EN10050701
Publisher: IEEE
Date: 05-2015
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 10-06-2021
DOI: 10.1038/S41467-021-23805-6
Abstract: The formation of stable, evolved (silica-rich) crust was essential in constructing Earth’s first cratons, the ancient nuclei of continents. Eoarchaean (4000–3600 million years ago, Ma) evolved crust occurs on most continents, yet evidence for older, Hadean evolved crust is mostly limited to rare Hadean zircons recycled into younger rocks. Resolving why the preserved volume of evolved crust increased in the Eoarchaean is key to understanding how the first cratons stabilised. Here we report new zircon uranium-lead and hafnium isotope data from the Yilgarn Craton, Australia, which provides an extensive record of Hadean–Eoarchaean evolved magmatism. These data reveal that the first stable, evolved rocks in the Yilgarn Craton formed during an influx of juvenile (recently extracted from the mantle) magmatic source material into the craton. The concurrent shift to juvenile sources and onset of crustal preservation links craton stabilisation to the accumulation of enduring rafts of buoyant, melt-depleted mantle.
Publisher: MDPI AG
Date: 02-05-2023
DOI: 10.3390/S23094454
Abstract: Given the rise of automated vehicles from an engineering and technical perspective, there has been increased research interest concerning the Human and Computer Interactions (HCI) between vulnerable road users (VRUs, such as cyclists and pedestrians) and automated vehicles. As with all HCI challenges, clear communication and a common understanding—in this application of shared road usage—is critical in order to reduce conflicts and crashes between the VRUs and automated vehicles. In an effort to solve this communication challenge, various external human–machine interface (eHMI) solutions have been developed and tested across the world. This paper presents a timely critical review of the literature on the communication between automated vehicles and VRUs in shared spaces. Recent developments will be explored and studies analyzing their effectiveness will be presented, including the innovative use of Virtual Reality (VR) for user assessments. This paper provides insight into several gaps in the eHMI literature and directions for future research, including the need to further research eHMI effects on cyclists, investigate the negative effects of eHMIs, and address the technical challenges of eHMI implementation. Furthermore, it has been underlined that there is a lack of research into the use of eHMIs in shared spaces, where the communication and interaction needs differ from conventional roads.
Publisher: MDPI AG
Date: 02-11-2016
DOI: 10.3390/EN9110899
Publisher: IEEE
Date: 2008
Publisher: IEEE
Date: 09-2010
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 11-2016
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 03-2020
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 2017
Publisher: Elsevier
Date: 2006
Publisher: Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE)
Date: 06-2014
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Date: 20-10-2019
Publisher: MDPI AG
Date: 04-12-2020
DOI: 10.3390/SU122310160
Abstract: This study summarizes a critical review on EVs’ optimal charging and scheduling under dynamic pricing schemes. A detailed comparison of these schemes, namely, Real Time Pricing (RTP), Time of Use (ToU), Critical Peak Pricing (CPP), and Peak Time Rebates (PTR), is presented. Globally, the intention is to reduce the carbon emissions (CO2) has motivated the extensive practice of Electric Vehicles (EVs). The uncoordinated charging and uncontrolled integration however of EVs to the distribution network deteriorates the system performance in terms of power quality issues. Therefore, the EVs’ charging activity can be coordinated by dynamic electricity pricing, which can influence the charging activities of the EVs customers by offering flexible pricing at different demands. Recently, with developments in technology and control schemes, the RTP scheme offers more promise compared to the other types of tariff because of the greater flexibility for EVs’ customers to adjust their demands. It however involves higher degree of billing instability, which may influence the customer’s confidence. In addition, the RTP scheme needs a robust intelligent automation system to improve the customer’s feedback to time varying prices. In addition, the review covers the main optimization methods employed in a dynamic pricing environment to achieve objectives such as power loss and electricity cost minimization, peak load reduction, voltage regulation, distribution infrastructure overloading minimization, etc.
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 02-2019
DOI: 10.1016/J.PHYSBEH.2018.11.038
Abstract: The job demands-resources model (JD-R) has shown an ability to predict worker engagement and exhaustion, yet to our knowledge, research has not been conducted that assesses the JD-R model with physiological indicators of chronic stress and burnout. Using the JD-R model, we assessed if occupational stress and burnout were related to dysregulated cortisol and salivary alpha-amylase awakening responses (sAA-AR). Professional apprentice jockeys comprising of males (n = 14) and females (n = 18) provided morning saliva s les and completed self-report measures relating to job demands and resources, burnout, and perceived mental and physical health. Data was collected at two time points coinciding with naturally occurring 'low' and 'high' stress periods during the racing calendar. The jockeys reported good physical and mental health but had elevated levels of the burnout subtypes cynicism and exhaustion. Regression analyses suggested that those jockeys presenting with reduced professional efficacy in the high stress period produced a 'flattened' sAA-AR indicative of reduced autonomic nervous system (ANS) arousal, which has been associated with burnout. Further, decreases in professional efficacy explained the relationship between increased workplace stress and decreased ANS activity in the high stress period. Our findings suggest that assessments of psychological stress or physiology in isolation are not as useful as looking at both in combination, and extend previous findings on the sAA-AR.
Publisher: Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE)
Date: 2020
Publisher: IEEE
Date: 10-2011
Publisher: IEEE
Date: 03-2011
Publisher: ACM
Date: 29-10-2018
Publisher: MDPI AG
Date: 18-08-2020
DOI: 10.3390/SU12166687
Abstract: The solar photo-voltaic systems control architecture has a substantial influence over the cost, efficiency, and accuracy of maximum power point tracking under partial shading conditions. In this paper, a novel distributed architecture of a building integrated photo-voltaic system equipped with a single maximum power point tracking controller is presented in order to address the drawbacks associated with respect to cost, complexity and efficiency of the existing photo-voltaic system architectures. In addition, a radial movement optimization based maximum power point tracking control algorithm is designed, developed, and validated using the proposed system architecture under five different partial shading conditions. The inferences obtained from the validation results of the proposed distributed system architecture indicated that cost was reduced by 75% when compared to the commonly used decentralised systems. The proposed distributed building integrated photo-voltaic system architecture is also more efficient, robust, reliable, and accurate.
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 09-2019
Publisher: MDPI AG
Date: 05-11-2020
DOI: 10.3390/SU12219211
Abstract: The uncoordinated integration of electric vehicles (EVs) severely deteriorates the operational performance of a distribution network. To optimize distribution network performance in an EV charging environment, this paper presents a two-stage optimization approach, which integrates coordinated EV charging with network reconfiguration. A formulation to minimize system power loss is presented, and an optimal solution is obtained using a binary particle swarm optimization algorithm. The proposed approach is tested on a modified IEEE 33-bus medium-voltage node test system, coupled with a low voltage distribution network. Results of the coordinated and uncoordinated EV charging are compared with those of the developed integrated approach, and the operational performance of the system is studied. The results show that the integration of network reconfiguration with coordinated EV charging significantly decreases network power losses and fairly improves voltage profile. Thus, the proposed strategy can lead to improved operational performance of the system while dealing with the growing penetration of EVs in the network.
Publisher: MDPI AG
Date: 14-03-2017
DOI: 10.3390/S17030587
Publisher: Springer Berlin Heidelberg
Date: 2014
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 04-2017
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Date: 27-09-2022
DOI: 10.1080/00140139.2021.1977844
Abstract: Tram drivers operate a master controller to control the acceleration and braking of the tram. Operation should ensure passenger comfort and safety through smooth tram motion and the avoidance of jerkiness that may cause passengers to fall in the carriage. This work investigates current driver practices and strategies for tram driving in normal operations through interviews and the capacity of a new haptic master controller to support drivers in achieving smooth and safe tram journeys. A haptic feedback algorithm based on viscosity was implemented on the master controller to provide drivers with feedback on the rate at which they were accelerating and braking the tram. This aspect was tested in a virtual tram within a simulated inner city virtual reality environment. Results indicate that the haptic master controller and coupled viscosity feedback algorithm did not increase smoothness of driving during the simulated experiences. Despite this, the drivers indicated a preference for the provision of further haptic information to support driving tasks and the overall journey safety and smoothness.
Publisher: Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE)
Date: 2021
Publisher: MDPI AG
Date: 10-04-2022
DOI: 10.3390/SU14084495
Abstract: Research into modern transportation systems is currently in progress in order to fully replace the traditional inter-combustible engine with a noiseless, fast, energy-efficient, and environmentally friendly electric vehicle. Electric vehicles depend on an electric motor and require highly efficient converter drive circuits. Among these converters, DC-DC boost converters play a major role in charging not only the battery banks but also in providing the DC-link excitation voltage in transformerless applications. However, the development of these converters, which have higher voltage and current gain with minimum components, minimum voltage, and current stress, is quite challenging. Therefore, this research work aims to address these issues and also to improve overall system performance. These aims are achieved by developing a series LC-based single-stage boost converter, and extending its gain through a multi-stage boost converter using switch capacitor phenomena. This article also presents a complete operating model in continuous conduction mode. The proposed converter is tested under various testing conditions, such as output loading, input voltage levels, and duty cycle ratio for a 50 W resistive load. The results are compared with existing models. The proposed converter is stated to have achieved the highest efficiency, i.e., 96.5%, along with extendable voltage gain with reduced voltage and current stresses, which is a major contribution to this research field.
Publisher: IEEE
Date: 12-2018
Publisher: IEEE
Date: 11-2018
Publisher: IEEE
Date: 10-2018
Publisher: IEEE
Date: 09-2007
Publisher: IEEE
Date: 03-2011
Publisher: Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE)
Date: 08-2022
Publisher: ACM
Date: 11-07-2023
Publisher: MDPI AG
Date: 13-09-2018
DOI: 10.3390/EN11092431
Abstract: Pakistan is experiencing an undersupply of electricity, causing load shedding several hours per day due to the adherence to conventional energy resources having quantitative and environmental limitations. Fossil fuels generate more than half of the country’s total electricity, but they will ultimately run out due to their limited supply. Their combustion emits greenhouse gases, posing environmental threats. Since the world is tending toward efficient and sustainable alternative methods for harvesting energy from nature, Pakistan has also been investigating an elevated deployment of renewable energy projects. This paper presents a critical analysis of the present energy sector of Pakistan along with global scenarios. Pakistan relies on mainly thermal, hydro, and nuclear energy for power generation. National solar, wind, geothermal, and biomass resources have not been extensively explored and implemented. This paper provides an insight into the potential of these resources in Pakistan to generate electricity for the national grid on a large scale. It focuses on biomass energy, which can be harnessed from bagasse, poultry waste, and municipal waste for power production, and biomass-based fuel for industries and transportation. It concludes that biomass is the most sustainable, available, implementable, and environment-friendly resource that can be utilized to lessen the energy demand and supply gap in Pakistan.
Publisher: IEEE
Date: 09-2015
Publisher: IEEE
Date: 09-2009
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 11-2018
Publisher: MDPI AG
Date: 04-02-2018
DOI: 10.3390/EN11020365
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 26-11-2019
Publisher: ACM
Date: 20-06-2018
Publisher: MDPI AG
Date: 02-2021
DOI: 10.3390/APP11031310
Abstract: Modal analysis provides the dynamic behavior of an object or structure, and is often undertaken using the Finite Element Method (FEM) due to its ability to deal with arbitrary geometries. This article investigates the use of Augmented Reality (AR) to provide the in situ visualization of a modal analysis for an aluminum impeller. Finite Element Analysis (FEA) software packages regularly use heat maps and shape deformation to visualize the outcomes of a given simulation. AR allows the superimposition of digital information on a view of the real-world environment, and provides the opportunity to overlay such simulation results onto real-world objects and environments. The presented modal analysis undertaken herein provides natural frequencies and the corresponding deformation of an aluminum impeller. The results indicate the ability for the design part and finite element analysis results to be viewed on the physical part. A mobile AR-FEA-based system was developed for Modal Analysis result visualization. This study offers designers and engineers a new way to visualize such simulation results.
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Date: 22-10-2018
Publisher: IEEE
Date: 03-2018
Publisher: IEEE
Date: 09-2007
Publisher: MDPI AG
Date: 17-01-2019
DOI: 10.3390/EN12020286
Abstract: The authors would like to make the following addition to their paper [...]
Publisher: IEEE
Date: 05-2019
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 14-02-2019
Publisher: MDPI AG
Date: 13-03-2023
Abstract: Post-industrial cities often find themselves at a crossroads as to whether to find a new identity or embrace their industrial past. In late 2017, after the closure of major manufacturing plants in the region, the Australian city of Geelong was designated a UNESCO City of Design and embraced a “Clever and Creative” strategy which acknowledged Geelong’s industrial and design past in responding to contemporary technological, demographic, and economic challenges. However, questions remain as to which versions of the past are valued by the local community and how these stories can be shared. To better understand the social value of design and manufacturing heritage in Geelong as well as to get initial feedback on how to interpret this type of heritage through novel immersive extended reality (XR) experiences, the researchers took a community-led approach. This paper reports on the results of the initial online community surveys (N = 55–137) and in-person stakeholder interviews (N = 5) with carefully selected representatives of the local government, education, heritage, tourism, and engineering sectors. The study’s outcome demonstrates the importance of design and manufacturing heritage for the local community’s identity. Moreover, this type of heritage provides a source of inspiration, learning opportunities for future creative problem-solvers, and economic opportunities through tourism. By engaging with the social value of design and manufacturing heritage, this paper argues that more effective and targeted storytelling, game-like applications, and other digital immersive experiences such as extended reality (XR) can be used to better engage with audiences.
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 2017
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Date: 19-06-2017
Publisher: SAGE Publications
Date: 04-2014
DOI: 10.5772/58248
Abstract: The detection of lane boundaries on suburban streets using images obtained from video constitutes a challenging task. This is mainly due to the difficulties associated with estimating the complex geometric structure of lane boundaries, the quality of lane markings as a result of wear, occlusions by traffic, and shadows caused by road-side trees and structures. Most of the existing techniques for lane boundary detection employ a single visual cue and will only work under certain conditions and where there are clear lane markings. Also, better results are achieved when there are no other on-road objects present. This paper extends our previous work and discusses a novel lane boundary detection algorithm specifically addressing the abovementioned issues through the integration of two visual cues. The first visual cue is based on stripe-like features found on lane lines extracted using a two-dimensional symmetric Gabor filter. The second visual cue is based on a texture characteristic determined using the entropy measure of the predefined neighbourhood around a lane boundary line. The visual cues are then integrated using a rule-based classifier which incorporates a modified sequential covering algorithm to improve robustness. To separate lane boundary lines from other similar features, a road mask is generated using road chromaticity values estimated from CIE L * a * b * colour transformation. Extraneous points around lane boundary lines are then removed by an outlier removal procedure based on studentized residuals. The lane boundary lines are then modelled with Bezier spline curves. To validate the algorithm, extensive experimental evaluation was carried out on suburban streets and the results are presented.
Publisher: MDPI AG
Date: 26-04-2018
DOI: 10.3390/SU10051347
Publisher: MDPI AG
Date: 15-05-2018
DOI: 10.3390/EN11051260
Publisher: MDPI AG
Date: 06-07-2019
DOI: 10.3390/EN12132602
Abstract: This article presents an effective structural design arrangement for light trapping in the front surface of a thin film silicon solar cell (TFSC). Front surface light trapping rate is significantly enhanced here by incorporating the Aluminium (Al) nanoparticle arrays into silicon nitride anti-reflection layer. The light trapping capability of these arrays is extensively analyzed via Finite Difference Time Domain (FDTD) method considering the wavelength ranging from 400 to 1100 nm. The outcome indicates that the structural parameters associated with the aluminium nanoparticle arrays like particle radii and separations between adjacent particles, play vital roles in designing the solar cell to achieve better light trapping efficiency. A detailed comparative analysis has justified the effectiveness of this approach while contrasting the results found with commonly used silver nanoparticle arrays at the front surface of the cell. Because of the surface plasmon excitation, lower light reflectance, and significant near field enhancement, aluminium nanoparticle arrays offer broadband light absorption by the cell.
Publisher: MDPI AG
Date: 26-01-2021
DOI: 10.3390/SU13031274
Abstract: Few non-traditional optimization techniques are applied to the dynamic economic dispatch (DED) of large-scale thermal power units (TPUs), e.g., 1000 TPUs, that consider the effects of valve-point loading with r -rate limitations. This is a complicated multiple mode problem. In this investigation, a novel optimization technique, namely, a multi-gradient particle swarm optimization (MG-PSO) algorithm with two stages for exploring and exploiting the search space area, is employed as an optimization tool. The M particles (explorers) in the first stage are used to explore new neighborhoods, whereas the M particles (exploiters) in the second stage are used to exploit the best neighborhood. The M particles’ negative gradient variation in both stages causes the equilibrium between the global and local search space capabilities. This algorithm’s authentication is demonstrated on five medium-scale to very large-scale power systems. The MG-PSO algorithm effectively reduces the difficulty of handling the large-scale DED problem, and simulation results confirm this algorithm’s suitability for such a complicated multi-objective problem at varying fitness performance measures and consistency. This algorithm is also applied to estimate the required generation in 24 h to meet load demand changes. This investigation provides useful technical references for economic dispatch operators to update their power system programs in order to achieve economic benefits.
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 11-2019
Publisher: MDPI AG
Date: 27-08-2018
DOI: 10.3390/EN11092249
Abstract: This paper presents an in-depth review of classical and state-of-the-art models for analysing the transient stability in wind energy conversion systems. Various transient simulation models for a number of wind turbine generator (WTG) configurations are introduced, under different disturbances. The mitigation is achieved, by manipulating the generator speed and power electronics control, whereas the protection is implemented using conventional, intelligent or digital relays for the safety of sensitive components, in case of transient fault occurrence. The various control systems in WECS are basically employed to transform and regulate the varying frequency, owing to the stochastic nature of wind speed, to the standard 50-Hz or 60-Hz frequency for coupling to an existing electrical utility grid. It has been observed that the control and protection schemes in wind energy systems are concurrently applied. Transient faults in WECSs are a dominant power quality problem especially in the doubly-fed induction generator (DFIG), and often classified as overcurrent or overvoltage transients. These transients are measured using the transient stability index and analysed using the EMTDC/PSCAD software. In addition, the inertia of the rotating masses of wind turbine generators is often characterized by a transient torque, which generates oscillations in power systems.
Publisher: Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE)
Date: 2022
Publisher: MDPI AG
Date: 27-12-2019
DOI: 10.3390/SU12010249
Abstract: Pakistan is a developing country that is experiencing a shortage of electricity generation due to its rapidly growing demand. The existing and upcoming energy requirements for power generation and future transportation can be met by efficient utilisation of homegrown biomass resources. Determining the present energy mix resources in various sectors of the country is important. This article analyses the biomass resources and their potential and bioenergy utilisation in Pakistan. An overview of the global renewable energy scenario is presented. This article accentuates the importance and challenges of new technologies and estimates the current and future share of power generation from renewable sources, focusing on the technical potential of biomass energy, which is obtained from agricultural residues, animal manure and municipal solid wastes in Pakistan. This paper highlights the developing technologies that are primarily used to convert biomass waste into energy and presents a critical consideration on future directions in drafting the bioenergy framework policy in Pakistan. For effective implementation of biomass-based renewable energy production in the country, this paper presents an extensive literature review on current and future perspectives and suggestions on future directions and policies to overcome the deficit in electricity supply and environmental concerns. Furthermore, this paper discusses the utilisation of biomass resources in the rapidly growing transportation sector and presents a solution for upcoming mass transit projects in two major cities in Pakistan. The conclusion is that biomass energy is the most sustainable, eco-friendly and efficient renewable energy and is an emerging renewable energy resource that can meet the growing energy demand in Pakistan.
Publisher: IEEE
Date: 08-2014
Publisher: IEEE
Date: 2007
Publisher: IEEE
Date: 10-2017
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 03-2020
Publisher: IEEE
Date: 06-2016
Publisher: Springer Japan
Date: 2015
Publisher: Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE)
Date: 10-2018
Publisher: MDPI AG
Date: 11-2017
DOI: 10.3390/SU9112006
Publisher: MDPI AG
Date: 13-05-2019
DOI: 10.3390/EN12091810
Abstract: Multilevel inverters are proficient in achieving a high-quality staircase output voltage waveform with a lower amount of harmonic content. In this paper, a new hybrid multilevel inverter topology based on the T-type and H-bridge module is presented. The proposed topology aims to achieve a higher number of levels utilizing a lower number of switches, direct current (dc) voltage sources, and voltage stresses across different switches. The basic unit of the proposed single T-type and double H-bridge multilevel inverter (STDH-MLI) produces 15 levels at the output using three dc voltage sources. The proposed topology can be extended by connecting a larger number of dc voltage sources in the T-type section. The nearest level control (NLC) switching technique is used to generate gate pulses for switches to achieve a high-quality output voltage waveform. In addition, a simplified way to achieve NLC is also described in the paper. A detailed comparison with other similar topologies is provided to set the benchmark of the proposed topology. Finally, experimental work is carried out to validate the performance of the proposed topology.
Publisher: IEEE
Date: 10-2018
Publisher: MDPI AG
Date: 03-03-2021
DOI: 10.3390/APP11052229
Abstract: In this paper, a novel deep neural network-based energy prediction algorithm for accurately forecasting the day-ahead hourly energy consumption profile of a residential building considering occupancy rate is proposed. Accurate estimation of residential load profiles helps energy providers and utility companies develop an optimal generation schedule to address the demand. Initially, a comprehensive multi-criteria analysis of different machine learning approaches used in energy consumption predictions was carried out. Later, a predictive micro-grid model was formulated to synthetically generate the stochastic load profiles considering occupancy rate as the critical input. Finally, the synthetically generated data were used to train the proposed eight-layer deep neural network-based model and evaluated using root mean square error and coefficient of determination as metrics. Observations from the results indicated that the proposed energy prediction algorithm yielded a coefficient of determination of 97.5% and a significantly low root mean square error of 111 Watts, thereby outperforming the other baseline approaches, such as extreme gradient boost, multiple linear regression, and simple/shallow artificial neural network.
Publisher: MDPI AG
Date: 20-05-2021
DOI: 10.3390/SU13105731
Abstract: Physical activity is connected to public health in many ways, and walking is its most popular form. Modern planning models have been applied to cities to manage rapid urban expansions. However, this practice has led to low level of walkability and strong car-dependency in today’s cities. Hence, this study aims to provide a review of the most promising urban design parameters affecting walkability, using Frank Lawrence’s theory of “Objectively Measured Urban Form” (density, connectivity and accessibility, and mixed-use development) as the basis of discussion. The second part of this paper takes a case study approach, through discussing the main design elements of traditional Iranian cities (mosques, bazaars, residential quarters, and alleyways) and analyses their impacts on promoting walkability. This study concludes that incorporating inherent values of traditional urban design elements will complement modern planning and design practices.
Publisher: IEEE
Date: 10-2008
Publisher: CRC Press
Date: 19-12-2017
Publisher: IEEE
Date: 05-2015
Publisher: IEEE
Date: 10-2007
Publisher: IEEE
Date: 04-2007
Publisher: IEEE
Date: 11-2017
Publisher: Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE)
Date: 2013
DOI: 10.1109/TOH.2012.41
Publisher: Public Library of Science (PLoS)
Date: 27-04-2018
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 10-2017
DOI: 10.1016/J.PSYNEUEN.2017.07.238
Abstract: The inverse relationship between acute stress and decision-making is well documented, but few studies have investigated the impact of chronic stress. Jockeys work exhaustive schedules and have extremely dangerous occupations, with safe performance requiring quick reaction time and accurate decision-making. We used the effort reward imbalance (ERI) occupational stress model to assess the relationship of work stress with indices of stress physiology and decision-making and reaction time. Jockeys (N=32) completed computerised cognitive tasks (Cogstate) on two occasions September and November (naturally occurring lower and higher stress periods), either side of an acute stress test. Higher ERI was correlated with the cortisol awakening responses (high stress r=-0.37 low stress r=0.36), and with decrements in decision-making comparable to having a blood alcohol concentration of 0.08 in the high stress period (p<0.001) The LF/HF ratio of heart rate variability impacted the association of ERI with decision-making. Potentially, this may be attributed to a 'tipping point' whereby the higher ERI reported by jockeys in the high stress period decreases vagal tone, which may contribute to reduced decision-making abilities.
Publisher: IEEE
Date: 07-2018
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 11-2019
DOI: 10.1016/J.SCITOTENV.2019.06.399
Abstract: Urban climate knowledge has been increasingly integrated into urban design and planning practices. Numerical modeling systems, such as climatic and bioclimatic tools, are currently more popular than onsite field measurements. This higher popularity is mainly due to the complicated interactions in 3D urban environments and the spatial distribution of various climatic parameters that cannot be captured thoroughly via on-site measurements alone. Such modeling systems also offer better solutions to overcome the nonlinearity of urban climate in forecasting different "what if scenarios." This paper provides an overview of different types of climatic and bioclimatic modeling systems and presents their main benefits and shortcomings. In the second part of this study, one of the most commonly used tools in urban climate studies, namely, ENVI-met, was selected, and its reliability in different contexts was investigated by reviewing past researches. The applicability of ENVI-met in accurately simulating the influence of future urban growth on one of the fastest growing suburbs in Melbourne, was tested by conducting a sensitivity analysis on inputs and control parameters, backed up with a series of field measurements in selected points. RMSE value was calculated for different runs of the initial ENVI-met model with adjusted control parameters (e.g., factor of short-wave adjustment, initial air temperature, relative humidity, roughness length, wind speed, albedo of walls, and albedo of roofs). The model achieved the optimum performance by altering the short-wave adjustment factor from 0.5 to 1 therefore, ENVI-met was considered a reliable tool for relative comparison of urban dynamics. The findings of this study not only help planners select the most practical modeling systems that address project objectives but also educate them on limitations associated with using ENVI-met.
Publisher: IEEE
Date: 12-2010
Publisher: MDPI AG
Date: 29-06-2017
DOI: 10.3390/EN10070876
Publisher: MDPI AG
Date: 29-06-2021
DOI: 10.3390/SU13137253
Abstract: In view of the problem of e-commerce scams and the absence of haptic interaction, this research aims to introduce and create a tele-weight device for e-commerce shopping in smart cities. The objective is to use the proposed prototype to provide a brief overview of the possible technological advancements. When the tele-weight device is affixed over the head-mounted display, it allows the user to feel the item’s weight while shopping in the virtual store. Addressing the problem of having no physical interaction between the user (player) and a series game scene in virtual reality (VR) headsets, this research approach focuses on creating a prototype device that has two parts, a sending part and a receiving part. The sending part measures the weight of the object and transmits it over the cellular network to the receiver side. The virtual store user at the receiving side can thus realize the weight of the ordered object. The findings from this work include a visual display of the item’s weight to the virtual store e-commerce user. By introducing sustainability, this haptic technology-assisted technique can help the customer realize the weight of an object and thus have a better immersive experience. In the device, the load cell measures the weight of the object and lifies it using the HX711 lifier. However, some delay in the demonstration of the weight was observed during experimentation, and this indirectly altered the performance of the system. One set of the device is sited at the virtual store user premises while the sending end of the device is positioned at the warehouse. The sending end hardware includes an Arduino Uno device, an HX711 lifier chip to lify the weight from the load cell, and a cellular module (Sim900A chip-based) to transmit the weight in the form of an encoded message. The receiving end hardware includes a cellular module and an actuator involving a motor gear arrangement to demonstrate the weight of the object. Combining the fields of e-commerce, embedded systems, VR, and haptic sensing, this research can help create a more secure marketplace to attain a higher level of customer satisfaction.
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 05-2018
Publisher: Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE)
Date: 2020
Publisher: ASMEDC
Date: 2009
Abstract: This paper proposes a system providing the operator with an intuitive method for controlling a micromanipulator during intracellular injection. A low-cost haptic device is utilised and 3D position-to-position kinematic mapping allows the operator to control the micropipette using a similar method to handheld needle insertion. The workspaces of the haptic device and micromanipulator are analysed and the importance of appropriate scaling to positioning resolution and tracking performance is investigated. The control issues integral to achieving adequate control of the micromanipulator using the Phantom Omni haptic device are addressed. Aside from offering an intuitive method for controlling the micropipette, this work lays the foundation for real-time haptic assistance in the cell injection task.
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 04-2018
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 2018
Publisher: Computers, Materials and Continua (Tech Science Press)
Date: 30-11-2015
Publisher: IEEE
Date: 03-2008
No related grants have been discovered for Ben Horan.