ORCID Profile
0000-0003-4652-5171
Current Organisation
Deakin University
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Publisher: SAGE Publications
Date: 26-02-2018
Abstract: Football Federation Australia (FFA) has identified that Australian athletes are proficient physically, however often lack the technical and tactical skills to excel internationally. The aim of the current study was to assess if a video-based decision-making test could discriminate different age-matched skill levels of talent in Australian soccer. Cross-sectional observational. Sixty-two youth male soccer players completed a video-based decision-making test. An ANOVA test showed that the video-based test significantly discriminated between all three groups, with the national elite athletes selecting more correct responses than the state elite (65.3 ± 8.1% 56.0 ± 9.1%, respectively). The state elite were more accurate than the sub-elite (45.9 ± 8.8%). Results suggest that a video-based test may be a suitable tool to use in the selection of athletes as a measure of decision-making skill. The low accuracy scores, even for the national elite cohort, suggest that decision-making skill at the youth level has room for improvement and should be prioritised as an area for development.
Publisher: SAGE Publications
Date: 12-06-2023
DOI: 10.1177/17479541231181975
Abstract: In 2020, Australia's elite-level netball league introduced the ‘Super Shot’ – an opportunity for teams to gain two versus one goal per shot during the final 5 minutes of each quarter (i.e. Power 5 period). In this study, we ran simulations of Power 5 periods to: (i) identify expected scoring outcomes from Super Shot selection strategies and (ii) examine how Super Shot selection strategies could impact the scoring margin between teams. We ran simulations emulating Power 5 periods with different Super Shot selection strategies for teams in idually and when competing against one another, and examined the scoring outputs and margins. A greater tendency for attempting Super Shots was a high-risk: high-reward strategy, where this strategy could result in both high- and low-scoring outcomes (i.e. increased scoring volatility). Average margins were not largely affected by Super Shot selection strategy in simulations between teams, yet the more volatile scoring with a higher tendency for Super Shot attempts led to wider margin ranges. We propose that a singular ‘optimal’ Super Shot selection strategy does not exist and that the match scenario should be a key driver in determining a team’s strategy.
Publisher: SAGE Publications
Date: 11-05-2023
DOI: 10.1177/17479541231154073
Abstract: Coach behaviour has received extensive attention in our literature base. This is particularly the case in recent times where systematic observations have highlighted common behaviours exhibited by coaches across various contexts. The current literature, however, lacks significant focus on the behaviours and practices of player-coaches. This is surprising given that these in iduals may represent a significant proportion of the non-professional sporting industry. The purpose of this case study was to investigate the differences in behaviours used by a player-coach and head coach within the sport of cricket and provide a position statement as to how and why further research in this area could be conducted. One head coach (age = 26 y Level 1 Cricket Australia coaching accreditation) and one player-coach (age = 30 y Level 2 Cricket Australia coaching accreditation) were filmed during their typical practice sessions at various points of the cricket season. The behaviours of each coach were coded using a modified, cricket-specific version of the Coach Analysis and Intervention System. 1 Across 12 practice sessions (head coach n = 4, number of minutes recorded = 1004 player-coach n = 8, number of minutes recorded = 567), observation (on task) and questioning (convergent) were the two most frequent behaviours, irrespective of the coach's role. The player-coach tended to use more instruction when compared to the head-coach, in addition to asking fewer ( ergent) questions. Significantly more of the session was spent observing (on task) by the head coach than the player-coach. Specific to this study, the player-coach spent significantly more time involved in training as a player than the head coach. Based on the current findings, it appears that the role of the player-coach is likely to shape practice and behaviour. Indeed, we deploy social theory to provide tentative explanations for these key differences. Overall, this paper is among the first to explore the role and practices of the player-coach. Given that player-coaches likely make up a significant proportion of the non-professional sporting industry, much greater research and attention is needed on this area moving forward. In particular, we feel that multiple or mixed-method studies that engage with social theory would be well positioned to develop generative insights into a) intentions behind the deployment of player-coach behaviour, b) actual behaviours engaged, and c) athlete (and others’) perceptions of such practice. Doing so would provide significant opportunities to develop bespoke education for this highly specialised – yet under examined – role.
Publisher: Public Library of Science (PLoS)
Date: 23-11-2020
DOI: 10.1371/JOURNAL.PONE.0242716
Abstract: Changing rules to promote scoring through more ‘high-risk’ play has become common in team sports. Australia’s national netball league (i.e. Suncorp Super Netball) has recently taken this approach–introducing a two-point shooting rule. Teams will be awarded two-points for shots made from an ‘outer circle’ 3.0m-4.9m from the goal in the final five minutes of quarters. We sought to answer a series of questions regarding the implementation and potential strategies surrounding the two-point rule in Suncorp Super Netball. We used video coded data from the 2018 Suncorp Super Netball season to identify the total number of made and missed shots from different distances across the season. We also used shooting statistics from recent Fast5 Netball World Series (a competition with a two-point shooting rule already in place) as a comparator. The reward of two-points is relatively well-aligned to the relative risk of missing shots from the proposed outer versus inner circle (2.22 [1.98, 2.48 95% CIs]) based on existing shooting data from Suncorp Super Netball teams. We found that the relative risk of missing shots from ‘long-’ (i.e. 3.5m-4.0m) versus ‘mid-range’ (i.e. 3.0–3.5m) was only slightly elevated (1.52 [1.21, 1.86 95% CIs])–suggesting teams should favour long- over mid-range shots when the two-point shot is available. Based on the typical number of shots a team receives in a five-minute period, we found that teams may be able to score ~3.51 extra points per quarter when taking all versus no-shots from the two-point outer circle. Analysis of the Fast5 versus Suncorp Super Netball data did, however, reveal that shooting accuracy from long-range may decrease when a two-point shot is available. Teams may need to consider situational factors (e.g. altered opposition defensive strategies) when developing their shooting strategy for taking advantage of the two-point shot.
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 05-2022
DOI: 10.1016/J.JSAMS.2021.12.009
Abstract: The purpose of this study was to document the technical and transferrable skills required for sport scientists, and perceived employment opportunities both currently and in the future with a particular emphasis on comparisons between academic and applied sport scientists. Cross-sectional survey methodology. 117 Australian sport science employees completed an online survey capturing demographic information, perceptions about the importance of technical skills, transferable skills, future employment opportunities as well as free-text information on future careers, challenges, and opportunities for the profession. Descriptive statistics were used to summarise information and comparisons made between academic and applied sport science participants. Participants were predominantly male and 35 years or younger, with half reporting they held only one position within the industry. Most technical and transferrable skills were rated as important (>4.0 out of 5.0), with practitioner-focused skills rated somewhat more important by applied sport scientists compared to scientific-focused skills rated somewhat more important by academics, and applied sport scientists generally rating transferable skills as more important compared to academics (d > 0.5). Value and supply/demand were identified as challenges to the industry with discipline-specific roles and non-elite populations considered areas for future jobs. Participants felt there would be more jobs in the future and that these would be in discipline-specific roles and/or non-elite populations. Both technical and interpersonal skills were considered important for sport scientists. The greatest challenges are how sport science is valued and the potential oversupply of sport science graduates.
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 03-2012
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 03-2004
DOI: 10.1016/S1440-2440(04)80040-9
Abstract: The purpose of this research was to determine the effect of static stretching in a warm-up on hip flexor and quadriceps flexibility as measured by a modified Thomas test and on range of motion (ROM) of the leg and foot speed at impact in kicking a football with maximum effort. Sixteen Australian Rules (AR) footballers performed two different warm-ups on different days. One warm-up involved five minutes of sub-maximum running followed by seven practice kicks, while the other also included 4.5 minutes static stretching of the hip flexors and quadriceps after the running. A modified Thomas test was conduced before and after each warm-up. Players performed maximum effort drop punt kicks into a net while being videotaped to determine the ROM of the kicking leg and foot speed at impact with the ball. There were no significant changes in flexibility (p > 0.05) as a result of either warm-up and there were no significant differences between the warm-ups in the kicking variables (p > 0.05). It was concluded that the Thomas test may not have been sensitive to possible acute changes in flexibility from the warm-ups, and that stretching had no influence on kicking ROM or foot speed, possibly because of the complexity of the kicking skill.
Publisher: SAGE Publications
Date: 06-10-2023
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Date: 07-2013
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Date: 06-12-2021
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Date: 02-01-2015
DOI: 10.1080/02640414.2014.994659
Abstract: This study assessed the validity and reliability of an iPhone "app" and two sport-specific global positioning system (GPS) units to monitor distance, intensity and contextual physical activity. Forty (23 female, 17 male) 18-55-year-olds completed two trials of six laps around a 400-m athletics track wearing GPSports Pro and WiSpi units (5 and 1 Hz) and an iPhone(TM) with a Motion X GPS(TM) "app" that used the inbuilt iPhone location services application programming interface to obtain its s ling rate (which is likely to be ≤1 Hz). Overall, the statistical agreement, assessed using t-tests and Bland-Altman plots, indicated an underestimation of the known track distance (2.400 km) and average speed by the Motion X GPS "app" and GPSports Pro while the GPSports WiSpi(TM) device overestimated these outcomes. There was a ≤3% variation between trials for distance and average speed when measured by any of the GPS devices. Thus, the smartphone "app" trialled could be considered as an accessible alternative to provide high-quality contextualised data to enable ubiquitous monitoring and modification of programmes to ensure appropriate intensity and type of physical activity is prescribed and more importantly adhered to.
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Date: 10-05-2018
DOI: 10.1080/02640414.2018.1473099
Abstract: Analysis of netball has received scant attention in the literature and there is little understanding of the dynamics of netball game-play. This study aimed to analyse team and seasonal performance indicator (dis)similarity in the ANZ Ch ionship (netball). Total season values for nine performance indicators were analysed for the ten ANZ Ch ionship teams from 2009 to 2016. The data were analysed using a multivariate, distance-based, approach. Specifically, non-metric multidimensional scaling was used to examine seasonal and team (dis)similarity. After declining from 2009, shooting percentage, goal assists, centre pass receives, penalties and turnovers began to rise from 2011. Both penalties and turnovers declined from 2015, in addition to attempts at goal. The two-dimensional multivariate ordination plot showed relative similarity between each team and season over the observational period, suggesting stagnant game-play dynamics. Further, despite idiosyncratic seasonal profiles, teams generally followed similar directional progression across the ordination surface. Despite being observed in other team invasion sports, league-wide synchronous evolutionary tendencies were not observed within the ANZ Ch ionships between the 2006 to 2016 seasons. However, certain teams did display seasonal fluctuation in their observed multivariate profile, with these seasonal idiosyncrasies being discussed relative to coaching and playing roster changes specific to the analysed team.
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 07-2012
DOI: 10.1016/J.JSAMS.2011.11.255
Abstract: The current study sought to examine the scope of domain specificity within a sport expertise context through the examination of positional specificity effects in the sport of netball. Skilled goalers, centre court and defenders along with less skilled (novice) participants were tested on a video-based decision making task. Skilled and less skilled netballers completed a video-based decision making task, comprising scenarios from the three different positional areas in netball (goalers, centre court and defence). Participants completed the scenarios from the playing position they were most familiar with, followed by the remaining two positions in a counterbalanced order. Analysis of the goaler and defence scenarios revealed that the skilled goalers and centre court players were significantly more accurate than the novice players, whilst the skilled defenders did not differ to the other three groups (skilled goalers, skilled centre court and novice). For the centre court scenarios the skilled centre court players and defenders were significantly more accurate than the novice players, whilst the skilled goalers did not differ to any of the groups. Limited evidence was shown to support the theory that decision making is specific to the position being played with the goalers and the centre court players most accurate on the attack and centre court scenarios respectively.
Publisher: Public Library of Science (PLoS)
Date: 21-06-2022
DOI: 10.1371/JOURNAL.PONE.0269330
Abstract: Understanding reliability of performance analysis tools is important to ensure match to match comparisons can be undertaken with the knowledge of consistency between coding situations. There are few published studies examining the reliability of commonly used performance analysis tools. The aim of this project was to assess the inter- and intra-rater reliability of the NetballStats application and to make comparisons between live and video-based coding situations. Two ‘coders’ coded eight netball matches using the NetballStats application, coding each match live, then twice from video. Level of agreement was assessed for frequency counts across the variables coded. Results showed that intra-rater agreement was higher than inter-rater agreement and that reliability from video coding is better than from live coding. High frequency events automatically coded by the application and events that are well defined had greater levels of agreement than lower frequency events and subjectively judged events. Live coding situations underrepresent occurrence of events, particularly for high frequency events such as ‘possession’. To ensure reliability between coders, clubs should provide an extensive training program to coders with clear instructions on coding subjective events. Coaches should be aware that live coding underestimates some event types and factor this into their decision making processes.
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 02-2021
DOI: 10.1016/J.JSAMS.2021.09.002
Abstract: Understanding the successful characteristics of team formation during different scenarios in Australian Football matches can assist coaches in making important tactical match-day and training decisions. The aims of this study were to explore the outcomes of entries inside 50 m of the goal, in Australian Football and to determine whether there was an association between team formation and team defensive performance after a turnover. Observational. Global Positioning System (GPS) data, technical event data and video files from 22 matches in one season were obtained from an elite Australian Football club. Of 1092 forward 50 entries, 392 possession chains that resulted in a turnover were analysed. Variables representing team formation of players at the occurrence of turnover were compared between positive and negative outcomes of the subsequent possession chain. Logistic regression and decision tree modelling were also used to explore associations and variable importance. None of 18 team formation characteristics differed between positive and negative outcomes of turnovers. Multivariate modelling identified that having a team formation with greater width than length made it more likely to result in a positive outcome (Decision tree classification accuracy = 69.5%, AUROC = 0.72). No single characteristic of team formation affects the outcome of a turnover possession chain, however team formation that was wider than it was long may be associated with a more desirable outcome. The lack of association between most team formation characteristics and defensive outcomes, highlight the risk of over emphasising team formation in tactical planning for some phases of play.
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Date: 23-12-2015
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Date: 08-06-2021
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Date: 28-05-2015
Publisher: Public Library of Science (PLoS)
Date: 13-04-2022
DOI: 10.1371/JOURNAL.PONE.0266830
Abstract: Studies of training and competition load in sport are usually based on data that represents a s le of a league and or annual training program. These studies sometimes explore important factors that are affected by load, such as training adaptations and injury risk. The generalisability of the conclusions of these studies, can depend on how much load varies between seasons, training phases and teams. The interpretation of previous load studies and the design of future load studies should be influenced by an understanding of how load can vary across seasons, training phases and between teams. The current study compared training loads (session rating of perceived exertion x session duration) between all (8) teams in an elite Netball competition for multiple (2) season phases and (2) seasons. A total of 29,545 records of athlete session training loads were included in the analysis. Linear mixed models identified differences between seasons and training phases (p .05). There were also differences between teams and a complex set of interactions between these three factors (season, phase, and team) (p .05). While the absolute value of the training loads reported here are only relevant to elite netball, these results illustrate that when data is s led from a broader context, the range and variation in load may increase. This highlights the importance of cautiously interpreting and generalisation of findings from load studies that use limited data sets.
Publisher: SAGE Publications
Date: 11-04-2022
DOI: 10.1177/17479541221092355
Abstract: Analysis of the underlying tactics and teamwork in women's football is rare and it is unknown how professional women's teams cooperate to be successful. The aim of this study was to investigate teamwork using network analysis while comparing match-outcome, match-type, ladder halves and tournament phases, to determine whether teamwork is related to success. Ball transfer data in 694 matches from the 2015, 2016 and 2017/18 Football Association Women's Super League (FA WSL) seasons 2016–2018 National Women's Football League (NWSL) seasons 2013 and 2017 European Cups and 2011 and 2013 World Cups were analysed. The network metrics: edge density, transitivity, mean distance, out degree centrality, closeness centrality, betweenness centrality and eigenvector centrality were calculated. Success was categorised in match outcomes, ladder halves, tournament phases and ladder positions. It was found that successful professional women's football teams are highly connected (p = 0.006), and the distribution of ball possession is centralised (p = 0.001). There is a tendency for key players to send out a high number of passes, but there is no dependency on these key players for the total ball flow within a team, which is a characteristic that may be unique to women's football. Differences in teamwork exist between single matches and full seasons or tournaments, with successful teams having more effective ball movement and successful passes over the course of a season or tournament (p 0.001). Moreover, successful league teams have more players with connecting roles than tournament teams and match tactics should be adapted to this.
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 03-2015
DOI: 10.1016/J.JSAMS.2014.02.006
Abstract: To use physical and anthropometric parameters to predict playing status in junior Australian Football. Cross-sectional observational. Participants were recruited from the under 18 competition within the West Australian Football League and classified into two groups elite (state representative n=50 17.9 ± 0.5 y 184.8 ± 6.9 cm 80.6 ± 9.4 kg) and sub-elite (non-state representative n=50 17.8 ± 0.6 y 179.8 ± 5.4 cm 74.4 ± 7.9 kg). Both groups completed physical/anthropometric tests inclusive of a 5 m, 10 m and 20 m sprint, an agility test, stationary vertical jump, dynamic dominant and non-dominant foot vertical jump, 20 m multistage fitness test, standing height and body mass. A multivariate analysis of variance was used to test the main effect of 'status' on the physical/anthropometric parameters, whilst logistic regression models were used to predict playing status using the physical/anthropometric parameters. On average, the elite group were taller, heavier, had a greater stationary vertical jump, dynamic dominant and non-dominant foot vertical jump and higher maximal aerobic capacity as measured by the multistage fitness test (p<0.05). The combination of standing height, dynamic vertical jump non-dominant foot and the 20 m multistage fitness test were the strongest predictors of status (Akaike's Information Criterion=96.35). Despite mean differences in a number of parameters, the combination of standing height, dynamic vertical jump non-dominant foot and the multistage fitness test were the strongest predictors of status and thus important tests for initially identifying potential talent in junior Australian Football.
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Date: 27-05-2021
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Date: 27-10-2015
DOI: 10.1080/17461391.2015.1105299
Abstract: Monitoring physical activity is important to better in idualise health and fitness benefits. This study assessed the concurrent validity of a smartphone global positioning system (GPS) 'app' and a sport-specific GPS device with a similar s ling rate, to measure physical activity components of speed and distance, compared to a higher s ling sport-specific GPS device. Thirty-eight (21 female, 17 male) participants, mean age of 24.68, s = 6.46 years, completed two 2.400 km trials around an all-weather athletics track wearing GPSports Pro™ (PRO), GPSports WiSpi™ (WISPI) and an iPhone™ with a Motion X GPS™ 'app' (MOTIONX). Statistical agreement, assessed using t-tests and Bland-Altman plots, indicated an (mean 95% LOA) underestimation of 2% for average speed (0.126 km·h(-1) -0.389 to 0.642 p < .001), 1.7% for maximal speed (0.442 km·h(-1) -2.676 to 3.561 p = .018) and 1.9% for distance (0.045 km -0.140 to 0.232 p < .001) by MOTIONX compared to that measured by PRO. In contrast, compared to PRO, WISPI overestimated average speed (0.232 km·h(-1) -0.376 to 0.088 p < .001) and distance (0.083 km -0.129 to -0.038 p < .001) by 3.5% whilst underestimating maximal speed by 2.5% (0.474 km·h(-1) -1.152 to 2.099 p < .001). Despite the statistically significant difference, the MOTIONX measures intensity of physical activity, with a similar error as WISPI, to an acceptable level for population-based monitoring in unimpeded open-air environments. This presents a low-cost, minimal burden opportunity to remotely monitor physical activity participation to improve the prescription of exercise as medicine.
Publisher: Public Library of Science (PLoS)
Date: 07-04-2021
DOI: 10.1371/JOURNAL.PONE.0249679
Abstract: The aim of this study was to assess the differences in movement intensity demands between training activities and competition match-play in elite netball. Twelve elite female netballers (mean ± SD, age = 25.9 ± 5.1 years height = 178.6 ± 8.9 cm, body mass = 71.1 ± 7.1 kg) competing in Australia’s premier domestic netball competition participated. Data were collected across the season from all pre-season training sessions ( n = 29), pre-season practice matches ( n = 8), in-season training sessions ( n = 21), in-season practice matches ( n = 5), and competition matches ( n = 15). Linear mixed-effects models assessed differences in PlayerLoad™ per minute and metreage per minute between activity types (Specialist, Skill Drills, Set-piece, Match Scenarios, Practice Match-play, and Competition Match-play) for positional groupings (Defenders, Midcourters, and Goalers). Competition Match-play resulted in higher (p 0.05) PlayerLoad™ than all training activity types, with the largest magnitudes of difference between Specialist–Competition ( d = 0.44–0.59 small to medium) and Skill Drills–Competition ( d = 0.35–0.63 small to medium) for all positional groups. The smallest difference was found between Match Scenarios–Competition ( d = 0.12–0.20 trivial to small) and Practice Match-play–Competition ( d = 0.12–0.14 trivial). Competition Match-play also resulted in higher (p 0.05) metreage per minute than Specialist ( d = 0.23–0.53 small to medium), Skill Drills ( d = 0.19–0.61 trivial to medium) and Set-piece ( d = 0.05–0.31 trivial to small). Training activity demands in order of least to most similar to competition were specialist, skill drills, set-piece, match scenarios, and practice match-play. We provide data that enables coaches and physical preparation staff to incorporate progressions into their training session designs that can replicate the movement intensity demands of competition in training.
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 03-2005
DOI: 10.1016/S1440-2440(05)80024-6
Abstract: The purpose of this study was to present a new methodology for the measurement of agility for netball that is considered more ecologically valid than previous agility tests. Specifically, the agility performance of highly-skilled (n = 12), moderately-skilled (n = 12) and lesser-skilled players (n = 8) when responding to a life-size, interactive video display of a netball player initiating a pass was compared to a traditional, pre-planned agility movement where no external stimulus was present. The total movement times and decision times of the players were the primary dependent measures of interest. A second purpose of the research was to determine the test-retest reliability of the testing approach. Results revealed significant differences existed between the 2 test conditions demonstrating that they were measuring different types of agility. The highly-skilled group was significantly faster in both the reactive and planned test conditions relative to the lesser-skilled group, while the moderately-skilled group was significantly faster than the lesser-skilled group in the reactive test condition. The decision time component within the reactive test condition revealed that the highly-skilled players made significantly faster decisions than the lesser-skilled players. It is reasoned that it is this decision-making component of reactive agility that contributes to the significant differences between the two test conditions. The testing approach was shown to have good test-retest reliability with an intra-class correlation of r = .83.
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Date: 09-04-2020
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 08-08-2023
DOI: 10.1186/S40798-023-00614-3
Abstract: Endurance sports require significant training loads to elicit the desired training effects on an athlete’s body. However, if adequate recovery is not provided, overtraining may occur, with corresponding decrements in performance. As such, there is a need for measures that can be tracked, to monitor athlete adaptation to training loads, and provide early warning of possible maladaptation. The aim of this review was to determine if a relationship exists between overtraining and cognitive function in endurance athletes. A systematic search of AMED, MEDLINE, SPORTDiscus and APA PsycINFO was conducted. Eligibility criteria included original peer reviewed research, written in English, published between January 2000 and May 2022, and using human participants. Of the 221 articles screened, a total of seven studies met the inclusion criteria and were included in this review. The findings of the review suggest that there is a relationship between overtraining and cognitive function with all seven studies finding that cognitive performance declined in response to athletes becoming overreached or overtrained. These studies found that reaction time (as measured by Stroop colour test) increased in response to both overreaching and overtraining. Cognitive function tests such as the Stroop Colour Test could be included as part of a broader programme for monitoring athlete adaptation to training.
Publisher: SAGE Publications
Date: 22-12-2022
DOI: 10.1177/17479541221144129
Abstract: Current literature has examined the technical aspects of triathlon, technologies used in triathlon, and coaching practice in isolation. However, what is not known, and what this research will examine for the first time, are the relationship between these elements and how they interconnect and influence each other. The study also examines how coaches decide what technology to use and why, in relation to their coaching philosophy. Seven in idual 1-hour interviews were conducted via video conference with national and international triathlon coaches. The coaches ( n = 7) had varying backgrounds, including former elite-level athletes, sport science professionals, and health science graduates. Using a qualitative inductive and deductive thematic analysis, four central themes were discovered. Findings indicate that the opportunities and challenges of implementing new and emerging technologies are ongoing, with coaches not always having consistent views, levels of flexibility, or open-mindedness as to which technologies to use and why. Notably, coaches are concerned about athletes' over-reliance on technology and the data it produces, impacting the athlete's perception of their effort. We conclude that despite switching between different philosophical views of technology, coaches ultimately choose a suite of technologies based on comfort in addition to selecting tools that will enhance the performance of their athletes. Coaches also prioritise the health and well-being of their athletes and will use technology to assist in collecting data to aid in this process. Finally, coaches want athletes to stay ‘in tune’ with their inner sense of effort, and not become overly reliant on objective data.
No related grants have been discovered for Lyndell Bruce.