ORCID Profile
0000-0002-6905-0503
Current Organisations
Aarhus University
,
University of Tasmania
Does something not look right? The information on this page has been harvested from data sources that may not be up to date. We continue to work with information providers to improve coverage and quality. To report an issue, use the Feedback Form.
Publisher: MDPI AG
Date: 09-01-2022
Abstract: Meth hetamine use is associated with increased risk of HIV infection among young sexual minority men (SMM). Post-exposure prophylaxis (PEP) is an effective strategy for in iduals who are exposed to HIV, but there is limited research about PEP use among young SMM and its relationship with meth hetamine use. This study analyzes the association between ever PEP use and recent meth hetamine use among young SMM in New York City, using cross-sectional data from the P18 Cohort Study (n = 429). Multivariable logistic regression models were used to assess the association between meth hetamine use and ever PEP use. Compared with those who had not used meth hetamine in the last 6 months, young SMM who did use meth hetamine were significantly more likely to have ever used PEP (AOR = 6.07, 95% CI: 2.10–16.86). Young SMM who had ever used PrEP had 16 times higher odds of ever using PEP (AOR = 16, 95% CI: 7.41–35.95). Those who completed bachelor’s degrees were 61% less likely to have ever used PEP (AOR = 0.39, 95% CI: 0.17–0.88). These data suggest that meth hetamine use could increase the risk of HIV infection, highlighting the critical need to target interventions for young SMM who use meth hetamine and are more likely to engage in unprotected intercourse.
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 2022
Publisher: F1000 Research Ltd
Date: 20-11-2019
DOI: 10.12688/WELLCOMEOPENRES.15173.2
Abstract: Background: Chlamydia trachomatis , Neisseria gonorrhoeae , Trichomonas vaginalis and bacterial vaginosis have been associated with preterm birth and low birth weight, and are highly prevalent among pregnant women in many low- and middle-income settings. There is conflicting evidence on the potential benefits of screening and treating these infections in pregnancy. Newly available diagnostic technologies make it possible, for the first time, to conduct definitive field trials to fill this knowledge gap. The primary aim of this study is to evaluate whether antenatal point-of-care testing and immediate treatment of these curable sexually transmitted and genital infections (STIs) leads to reduction in preterm birth and low birth weight. Methods : The Women and Newborn Trial of Antenatal Interventions and Management (WANTAIM) is a cluster-randomised crossover trial in Papua New Guinea to compare point-of-care STI testing and immediate treatment with standard antenatal care (which includes the WHO-endorsed STI ‘syndromic’ management strategy based on clinical features alone without laboratory confirmation). The unit of randomisation is a primary health care facility and its catchment communities. The primary outcome is a composite measure of two events: the proportion of women and their newborns in each trial arm, who experience either preterm birth (delivery completed weeks of gestation as determined by ultrasound) and/or low birth weight ( g measured within 72 hours of birth). The trial will also evaluate neonatal outcomes, as well as the cost-effectiveness, acceptability and health system requirements of this strategy, compared with standard care. Conclusions: WANTAIM is the first randomised trial to evaluate the effectiveness, cost-effectiveness, acceptability and health system requirements of point-of-care STI testing and treatment to improve birth outcomes in high-burden settings. If the intervention is proven to have an impact, the trial will hasten access to these technologies and could improve maternal and neonatal health in high-burden settings worldwide. Registration: ISRCTN37134032 .
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 29-08-2012
DOI: 10.1111/J.1365-3016.2012.01317.X
Abstract: Maternal infections during pregnancy have been associated with an increased risk for neurological outcomes in the child, including epilepsy. We examined cystitis antibiotics commonly used during pregnancy, as a marker of cystitis, and the risk of childhood epilepsy in a population-based cohort in Denmark. We examined all liveborn singletons born in Denmark between January 1996 and September 2004, identified from the Danish National Birth Registry. Epilepsy diagnoses were obtained from the Danish National Hospital Register and maternal antibiotic use from the National Register of Medicinal Product Statistics. Cystitis antibiotics consisted of pivmecillinam, sulphamethizole and nitrofurantoin. Hazard ratios (HR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) were estimated with Cox proportional hazard regression models. The study followed 447629 singletons for up to 9.9 years and identified 2848 children diagnosed with epilepsy. We found slightly increased risks of epilepsy in children whose mothers had redeemed prescriptions during pregnancy for pivmecillinam HR=1.2 [95% CI 1.0, 1.4], sulphamethizole HR=1.2 [95% CI 1.1, 1.4] or nitrofurantoin HR=1.1 [95% CI 0.8, 1.5], compared with those unexposed. Among mothers with multiple redeemed prescriptions during pregnancy, adjusted HR were for pivmecillinam HR=1.3 [95% CI 1.1, 1.5], sulphamethizole HR=1.3 [95% CI 1.1, 1.5] and nitrofurantoin HR=1.3 [95% CI 1.0, 1.8]. Similar magnitudes of associations between chemically different drugs, used almost exclusively to treat cystitis, may suggest an impact of maternal infection on the fetal brain. However, direct drug effects or confounding factors are also possible explanations.
Publisher: F1000 Research Ltd
Date: 22-03-2019
DOI: 10.12688/WELLCOMEOPENRES.15173.1
Abstract: Background: Chlamydia trachomatis , Neisseria gonorrhoeae , Trichomonas vaginalis and bacterial vaginosis have been associated with preterm birth and low birth weight, and are highly prevalent among pregnant women in many low- and middle-income settings. There is conflicting evidence on the potential benefits of screening and treating these infections in pregnancy. Newly available diagnostic technologies make it possible, for the first time, to conduct definitive field trials to fill this knowledge gap. The primary aim of this study is to evaluate whether antenatal point-of-care testing and immediate treatment of these curable sexually transmitted and genital infections (STIs) leads to reduction in preterm birth and low birth weight. Methods : The Women and Newborn Trial of Antenatal Interventions and Management (WANTAIM) is a cluster-randomised crossover trial in Papua New Guinea to compare point-of-care STI testing and immediate treatment with standard antenatal care (which includes the WHO-endorsed STI ‘syndromic’ management strategy based on clinical features alone without laboratory confirmation). The unit of randomisation is a primary health care facility and its catchment communities. The primary outcome is a composite measure of two events: the proportion of women and their newborns in each trial arm, who experience either preterm birth (delivery completed weeks of gestation as determined by ultrasound) and/or low birth weight ( g measured within 72 hours of birth). The trial will also evaluate neonatal outcomes, as well as the cost-effectiveness, acceptability and health system requirements of this strategy, compared with standard care. Conclusions: WANTAIM is the first randomised trial to evaluate the effectiveness, cost-effectiveness, acceptability and health system requirements of point-of-care STI testing and treatment to improve birth outcomes in high-burden settings. If the intervention is proven to have an impact, the trial will hasten access to these technologies and could improve maternal and neonatal health in high-burden settings worldwide. Registration: ISRCTN37134032 .
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 10-2023
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 06-2021
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 08-11-2021
Publisher: Mary Ann Liebert Inc
Date: 2022
Abstract: As COVID-19 vaccinations became available in early 2021, we collected data from a US national s le of 496 people living with HIV (PLWH) to assess COVID-19 vaccination uptake and attitudes. The study was cross-sectional, and data were collected using an online survey between March and May 2021. At the time, 64% of the participants received at least one dose of a COVID-19 vaccine. Vaccine uptake was associated with older age and more years living with HIV, higher educational attainment, less vaccine hesitancy, and higher perceived COVID-19 vulnerability. Rates of vaccination uptake were highest among sexual and gender minority (SGM) cisgender men and transgender participants as well as those more likely to report undetectable viral load. Among the 166 unvaccinated, intention to receive the vaccine was related to older age and years living with HIV as well as lower vaccine hesitancy. Among the unvaccinated, SGM in iduals demonstrated higher intent than non-SGM in iduals. Findings indicate relatively high levels of vaccination in PLWH, although uptake and intent are not monolithic in the population. Patterns of vaccination are consistent with the health behavior literature in so much as those with higher levels of perceived heath vulnerability due to age as well as higher levels of proactivity about their HIV health are more likely to be vaccinated or intend to be vaccinated. Ongoing vigilance is required to vaccinate the US population, particularly those with underlying conditions such as HIV, as is the need to tailor health messaging to the highly erse population of PLWH, with particular emphasis on the intersection of HIV and SGM status.
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 07-04-2023
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Date: 07-2020
Publisher: Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory
Date: 05-03-2021
DOI: 10.1101/2021.03.02.21252766
Abstract: SARS-CoV-2, the virus that causes COVID-19, has rapidly spread globally beginning in late 2019. Early areas impacted by this pandemic in the US include Essex County, New Jersey. Beyond understanding the prevalence of active infections and deaths, it is important to understand the true burden of infection in the community, as indicated by seroprevalence of antibodies directed to the virus. Understanding the spectrum of disease is key to the effectiveness of primary prevention and control measures and the design of interventions against transmission of infection. We utilized venue-based-s ling (VBS), implemented by a community partner, to s le members of the community in Essex County. In VBS the venues are randomized as a proxy for randomizing the attendees of the venues. We asked standard demographic questions, questions about symptoms and PCR testing and previous antibody testing. Participants provide a blood s le collected by finger stick with the Neoteryx Mitra Collection device. S les were tested using a novel ELISA based approached developed by our team. From September 15, 2020 to December 22, 2020, we conducted 92 randomly selected s ling events where we approached 1349 in iduals for screening. Of these, 924 consented and had complete data for analysis. Only 6.5% of the s le reported any COVID-19 like symptoms while 45.9% had sought out a COVID-19 test. In total 13 (1.4%) participants received a positive SARS-CoV-2 PCR test result. While 33 participants (2.6%) sought a SARS-CoV-2 antibody test, only 0.5% of the s le reported a positive antibody result. Testing in this study identified 83 (9.0%) participants positive for SARS-CoV-2 antibodies. We recruited a large s le of the population of Essex County, New Jersey using VBS, electronic surveys, novel s le collection and lab methods. Our findings suggest that the burden of SARS-Cov-2 is slightly more than six times than that suggested by PCR testing. This burden is higher than most estimates obtained through studies of remnant blood s les from hospitals (4.2%), s les from staff at a public-school system (2.9%), and residents of a California county recruited with targeted Facebook ads (1.5%). (9-11) Moreover, with only 6.5% of the s le reporting any COVID-19-like symptoms, our finding suggests that the number of asymptomatic persons may be close to 1.5 times greater than anyone reporting symptoms.
Publisher: American Psychological Association (APA)
Date: 09-01-2023
DOI: 10.1037/AAP0000309
Publisher: Public Library of Science (PLoS)
Date: 27-02-2013
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 24-07-2023
DOI: 10.1111/EPI.17717
Abstract: Women using antiseizure medication in pregnancy are often advised to use high doses of folic acid supplements (1mg to 5 mg) to reduce the risk of teratogenicity. Recently, we published a report showing an association between maternal prescription fill of high dose folic acid in relation to pregnancy and childhood cancer in the offspring. The report has sparked a debate about which dose of folic acid that should be recommended in pregnancy in women in need of antiseizure medication. In this Commentary, we explain our findings and the method used in our report, and answer recent questions that have emerged.
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Date: 26-08-2022
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 06-06-2016
Publisher: Public Library of Science (PLoS)
Date: 26-08-2021
DOI: 10.1371/JOURNAL.PONE.0256201
Abstract: Although racial/ethnic disparities in police contact are well documented, less is known about other dimensions of inequity in policing. Sexual minority groups may face disproportionate police contact. We used data from the P18 Cohort Study (Version 2), a study conducted to measure determinants of inequity in STI/HIV risk among young sexual minority men (YSMM) in New York City, to measure across-time trends, racial/ethnic disparities, and correlates of self-reported stop-and-frisk experience over the cohort follow-up (2014–2019). Over the study period, 43% reported stop-and-frisk with higher levels reported among Black (47%) and Hispanic/Latinx (45%) than White (38%) participants. Stop-and-frisk levels declined over follow-up for each racial/ethnic group. The per capita rates among P18 participants calculated based on self-reported stop-and-frisk were much higher than rates calculated based on New York City Police Department official counts. We stratified respondents’ ZIP codes of residence into tertiles of per capita stop rates and observed pronounced disparities in Black versus White stop-and-frisk rates, particularly in neighborhoods with low or moderate levels of stop-and-frisk activity. YSMM facing the greatest economic vulnerability and mental disorder symptoms were most likely to report stop-and-frisk. Among White respondents levels of past year stop-and-frisk were markedly higher among those who reported past 30 day marijuana use (41%) versus those reporting no use (17%) while among Black and Hispanic/Latinx respondents stop-and-frisk levels were comparable among those reporting marijuana use (38%) versus those reporting no use (31%). These findings suggest inequity in policing is observed not only among racial/ethnic but also sexual minority groups and that racial/ethnic YSMM, who are at the intersection of multiple minority statuses, face disproportionate risk. Because the most socially vulnerable experience disproportionate stop-and-frisk risk, we need to reach YSMM with community resources to promote health and wellbeing as an alternative to targeting this group with stressful and stigmatizing police exposure.
Publisher: American Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene
Date: 08-07-2020
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 13-11-2021
Publisher: SAGE Publications
Date: 25-05-2021
DOI: 10.1177/00333549211018190
Abstract: Lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender, or queer and questioning (LGBTQ+) people and populations face myriad health disparities that are likely to be evident during the COVID-19 pandemic. The objectives of our study were to describe patterns of COVID-19 testing among LGBTQ+ people and to differentiate rates of COVID-19 testing and test results by sociodemographic characteristics. Participants residing in the United States and US territories (N = 1090) aged ≥18 completed an internet-based survey from May through July 2020 that assessed COVID-19 testing and test results and sociodemographic characteristics, including sexual orientation and gender identity (SOGI). We analyzed data on receipt and results of polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and antibody testing for SARS-CoV-2 and symptoms of COVID-19 in relation to sociodemographic characteristics. Of the 1090 participants, 182 (16.7%) received a PCR test of these, 16 (8.8%) had a positive test result. Of the 124 (11.4%) who received an antibody test, 45 (36.3%) had antibodies. Rates of PCR testing were higher among participants who were non–US-born (25.4%) versus US-born (16.3%) and employed full-time or part-time (18.5%) versus unemployed (10.8%). Antibody testing rates were higher among gay cisgender men (17.2%) versus other SOGI groups, non–US-born (25.4%) versus US-born participants, employed (12.6%) versus unemployed participants, and participants residing in the Northeast (20.0%) versus other regions. Among SOGI groups with sufficient cell sizes (n 10), positive PCR results were highest among cisgender gay men (16.1%). The differential patterns of testing and positivity, particularly among gay men in our s le, confirm the need to create COVID-19 public health messaging and programming that attend to the LGBTQ+ population.
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 04-2019
DOI: 10.1016/J.CMI.2018.05.025
Abstract: To compare the performance of self-collected vaginal (V) specimens with clinician-collected cervical (C) specimens for detection of high-risk human papillomavirus (hrHPV) and cervical disease using the Cepheid Xpert HPV, Roche Cobas 4800 HPV and Hologic Aptima HPV assays. Women aged 30-59 years (n = 1005) were recruited at two clinics in Papua New Guinea, and they provided specimens for testing at point-of-care using the Xpert HPV Test, and for subsequent testing using the Cobas HPV (n = 981) and Aptima HPV (n = 983) assays. Liquid-based cytology was performed on C specimens to predict underlying high-grade squamous intraepithelial lesions (HSIL). V specimen results of each assay were evaluated against a constructed reference standard and for detection of HSIL or worse. There was substantial (κ >0.6) agreement in hrHPV detection between V and C specimens across all three assays. The sensitivity, specificity, and positive and negative predictive values of Xpert HPV using self-collected V specimens for the detection of HPV type 16 according to the constructed reference standard were 92.1%, 93.1%, 63.6% and 98.9%, respectively compared with 90.4%, 94.3%, 67.8% and 98.7% for Cobas 4800 HPV and 63.2%, 97.2%, 75.0% and 95.3% for Aptima HPV. Similar results were observed for all hrHPV types (combined) and for HPV types 18/45, on all three assays. The detection of any hrHPV using self-collected specimens had high sensitivity (86%-92%), specificity (87%-94%) and negative predictive value (>98%) on all assays for HSIL positivity. Xpert HPV, using self-collected vaginal specimens, has sufficient accuracy for use in point-of-care 'test-and-treat' cervical screening strategies in high-burden, low-resource settings.
No related grants have been discovered for Yuelian Sun.