David Dunstan

Just-In-Time Adaptive Intervention to Sit Less and Move More in People With Type 2 Diabetes: Protocol for a Microrandomized Trial (Preprint)

Publisher: JMIR Publications Inc.

Date: 27-07-2022

DOI: 10.2196/PREPRINTS.41502

Abstract: educing sedentary behaviour (SB) and increasing physical activity (PA) in people with type 2 diabetes (T2D) is associated with various positive health benefits. Just-in-time Adaptive Interventions (JITAIs) offer potential to target both these behaviours via more contextually aware, tailored, and personalised support. We have developed a JITAI intervention to promote sitting less and moving more in people with T2D. his paper presents the study protocol for a micro-randomised trial (MRT) to investigate whether motivational messages are effective in reducing time spent sitting in people with T2D, and to determine what behaviour change techniques are effective and in which context (e.g., location, etc.). six-week MRT design will be used. Twenty-two adults with T2D will be recruited. The intervention aims to reduce sitting time and increase time spent standing and walking, and comprises a mobile app (iMove), and a bespoke activity sensor (SORD), a messaging system and a secured database. Dependant on the randomisation sequence, participants will potentially receive motivational messages five times a day. ecruitment was initiated in October 2022. As of now, six participants (2 females and 4 males) have consented and enrolled in the study. Their baseline measurements have been completed and they have started using iMOVE. The mean age of six participants is 56.8 years and they were diagnosed with T2D for 9.4 years on average. he current study will inform the optimisation of digital behaviour change interventions to support people with T2D sit less and move more to increase daily PA. This study will generate new evidence about the immediate effectiveness of SB interventions, their active ingredients and associated factors. ustralian New Zealand Clinical Trial Registry (ACTRN12622000426785) anzctr.org.au/Trial/Registration/TrialReview.aspx?id=383664

Associations of change in television viewing time with biomarkers of postmenopausal breast cancer risk: the Australian Diabetes, Obesity and Lifestyle Study

Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC

Date: 23-07-2014

DOI: 10.1007/S10552-014-0433-Z

Abstract: Sedentary behavior has been previously shown, in a cross-sectional study, to have deleterious associations with biomarkers of postmenopausal breast cancer risk. We examined the associations of change in sedentary behavior [daily television (TV) viewing time, h/day] over a 5-year period with putative markers of postmenopausal breast cancer risk. The analytic cohort consisted of 1,001 postmenopausal women from the Australian Diabetes, Obesity and Lifestyle (AusDiab) study (1999-2005). Multivariate linear regression models were used to examine associations of change in TV viewing time with biomarkers of the following risk mechanisms: adiposity (body mass index [BMI], waist circumference) metabolic dysfunction (fasting plasma glucose, 2-h plasma glucose, fasting insulin, insulin resistance [homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR)]) and inflammation (high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP)). All analyses were adjusted for age, baseline TV viewing, and potential confounders. Hourly increments of change in TV viewing time were positively associated with BMI (β = 0.50, 95% CI 0.20, 0.81 p = 0.001), waist circumference (β = 1.18, 95% CI 0.49, 1.87 p = 0.001), fasting insulin (β = 38.13%, 95% CI 37.08, 39.20 p = 0.01) and HOMA-IR (β = 37.93%, 95% CI 36.92, 38.98 p = 0.03) in fully adjusted models. Significant associations with BMI, waist circumference, fasting insulin and HOMA-IR were also present in analyses using categories of change in TV viewing time (reduced, same, increased). The findings suggest that increasing habitual sedentary behavior over time could increase breast cancer risk among postmenopausal women. Further investigation into the role of sedentary behavior in breast cancer etiology is warranted.

Different frequencies of active interruptions to sitting have distinct effects on 22 h glycemic control in type 2 diabetes

Publisher: Elsevier BV

Date: 09-2021

DOI: 10.1016/J.NUMECD.2021.07.001

Measurements of production cross sections of polarized same-sign W boson pairs in association with two jets in proton-proton collisions at

Publisher: Elsevier BV

Date: 2021

DOI: 10.1016/J.PHYSLETB.2020.136018

Measurement of the top quark mass using events with a single reconstructed top quark in pp collisions at $$ \sqrt{s} $$ = 13 TeV

Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC

Date: 12-2021

DOI: 10.1007/JHEP12(2021)161

Abstract: A measurement of the top quark mass is performed using a data s le enriched with single top quark events produced in the t channel. The study is based on proton- proton collision data, corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 35.9 fb − 1 , recorded at $$ \\sqrt{s} $$ s = 13 TeV by the CMS experiment at the LHC in 2016. Candidate events are selected by requiring an isolated high-momentum lepton (muon or electron) and exactly two jets, of which one is identified as originating from a bottom quark. Multivariate discriminants are designed to separate the signal from the background. Optimized thresholds are placed on the discriminant outputs to obtain an event s le with high signal purity. The top quark mass is found to be $$ {172.13}_{-0.77}^{+0.76} $$ 172.13 − 0.77 + 0.76 GeV, where the uncertainty includes both the statistical and systematic components, reaching sub-GeV precision for the first time in this event topology. The masses of the top quark and antiquark are also determined separately using the lepton charge in the final state, from which the mass ratio and difference are determined to be $$ {0.9952}_{-0.0104}^{+0.0079} $$ 0.9952 − 0.0104 + 0.0079 and $$ {0.83}_{-1.35}^{+1.79} $$ 0.83 − 1.35 + 1.79 GeV, respectively. The results are consistent with CPT invariance.

Associations between television viewing time and overall sitting time with the metabolic syndrome in older men and women: The Australian diabetes obesity and lifestyle study

Publisher: Wiley

Date: 05-2011

DOI: 10.1111/J.1532-5415.2011.03390.X

Abstract: To examine associations between self-reported television (TV) viewing time and overall sitting time with the metabolic syndrome and its components. Cross-sectional. Population-based s le of older men and women living in Australia. One thousand nine hundred fifty-eight participants from the Australian Diabetes, Obesity and Lifestyle (AusDiab) study (aged ≥ 60, mean age 69, 54% women). Self-reported television viewing time and overall sitting time were collected using an interviewer-administered questionnaire. The metabolic syndrome was defined according to the revised International Diabetes Federation criteria. Compared with those in the lowest quartile, the odds ratios (ORs) of the metabolic syndrome in the highest quartile of television viewing time were 1.42 (95% confidence interval (CI)=0.93-2.15) for men and 1.42 (95% CI=1.01-2.01) for women and in the highest quartile of overall sitting time were 1.57 (95% CI=1.02-2.41) for men and 1.56 (95% CI=1.09-2.24) for women. Television viewing time was associated with lower high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) levels and glucose intolerance in women. Overall sitting time was detrimentally associated with greater risk of high triglyceride levels in men and women, abdominal obesity in women, and low HDL-C levels in men. All models were adjusted for age, education, physical activity, self-rated health, employment, diet, smoking, and alcohol intake and for hormone replacement therapy and estrogen use in women. For older adults, high levels of sedentary behavior were associated with greater prevalence of the metabolic syndrome reducing prolonged overall sitting time may be a feasible way to improve metabolic health.

Too much sitting and dysglycemia: Mechanistic links and implications for obesity

Publisher: Elsevier BV

Date: 02-2019

DOI: 10.1016/J.COEMR.2018.09.003

Association of change in daily step count over five years with insulin sensitivity and adiposity: Population based cohort study

Publisher: BMJ

Date: 13-01-2011

DOI: 10.1136/BMJ.C7249

Abstract: To investigate the association between change in daily step count and both adiposity and insulin sensitivity and the extent to which the association between change in daily step count and insulin sensitivity may be mediated by adiposity. Population based cohort study. Tasmania, Australia. 592 adults (men (n=267), mean age 51.4 (SD 12.2) years women (n=325), mean age 50.3 (12.3) years) who participated in the Tasmanian component of the national AusDiab Study in 2000 and 2005. Body mass index, waist to hip ratio, and HOMA insulin sensitivity at follow-up in 2005. Over the five year period, the daily step count decreased for 65% (n=382) of participants. Having a higher daily step count in 2005 than in 2000 was independently associated with lower body mass index (0.08 (95% confidence interval 0.04 to 0.12) lower per 1000 steps), lower waist to hip ratio (0.15 (0.07 to 0.23) lower), and greater insulin sensitivity (1.38 (0.14 to 2.63) HOMA units higher) in 2005. The mean increase in HOMA units fell to 0.34 (-0.79 to 1.47) after adjustment for body mass index in 2005. Among community dwelling, middle aged adults, a higher daily step count at five year follow-up than at baseline was associated with better insulin sensitivity. This effect seems to be largely mediated through lower adiposity.

The effect of interrupting prolonged sitting time with short, hourly, moderate-intensity cycling bouts on cardiometabolic risk factors in healthy, young adults

Publisher: American Physiological Society

Date: 15-12-2013

DOI: 10.1152/JAPPLPHYSIOL.00662.2013

Abstract: Although detrimental associations of sitting time and health indicators have been observed in young adults, evidence of pathophysiological mechanisms is lacking. Therefore, this study tested the hypothesis that the acute cardiometabolic effects of prolonged sitting can be compensated by hourly interruptions to sitting in healthy, young adults. Additionally, leg muscle activation during sitting and moderate-intensity physical activity interruptions was assessed. Eleven apparently healthy adults (18–24 yr five men/six women) participated in this randomized, crossover study, involving two experimental conditions: 1) 8 h prolonged sitting and 2) 8 h of sitting, interrupted with hourly, 8-min, moderate-intensity cycling exercise bouts. In both conditions, participants consumed two standardized, high-fat mixed meals after 1 and 5 h. Capillary blood s les were collected hourly during each 8-h experimental condition. Muscle activity was measured using electromyography. Muscle activity during cycling was seven to eight times higher compared with rest. Postprandial levels of C-peptide were significantly lower (unstandardized regression coefficient = −0.19 confidence interval = [−0.35 −0.03] P = 0.017) during interrupted sitting compared with prolonged sitting. Postprandial levels of other cardiometabolic biomarkers (e.g., glucose, triglycerides, cholesterol) were not significantly different between conditions. Hourly physical activity interruptions in sitting time, requiring a muscle activity of seven to eight times the resting value, led to an attenuation of postprandial C-peptide levels but not for other cardiometabolic biomarkers compared with prolonged sitting in healthy, young adults. Whether this acute effect transfers to chronic effects over time is unknown.

Reallocating sedentary time with total physical activity and physical activity bouts in children: Associations with cardiometabolic biomarkers

Publisher: Informa UK Limited

Date: 22-09-2021

DOI: 10.1080/02640414.2020.1822584

Search for top squark production in fully hadronic final states in proton-proton collisions at s<

Publisher: American Physical Society (APS)

Date: 10-09-2021

DOI: 10.1103/PHYSREVD.104.052001

Socioeconomic position, gender, health behaviours and biomarkers of cardiovascular disease and diabetes

Publisher: Elsevier BV

Date: 09-2010

DOI: 10.1016/J.SOCSCIMED.2010.05.038

Constraints on anomalous Higgs boson couplings to vector bosons and fermions in its production and decay using the four-lepton final state

Publisher: American Physical Society (APS)

Date: 17-09-2021

DOI: 10.1103/PHYSREVD.104.052004

Measurement of Bc(

Publisher: American Physical Society (APS)

Date: 16-11-2020

DOI: 10.1103/PHYSREVD.102.092007

Pileup mitigation at CMS in 13 TeV data

Publisher: IOP Publishing

Date: 15-09-2020

DOI: 10.1088/1748-0221/15/09/P09018

Risk of cardiovascular and all-cause mortality in individuals with diabetes mellitus, impaired fasting glucose, and impaired glucose tolerance: The Australian Diabetes, Obesity, and Lifestyle Study (AusDiab)

Publisher: Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)

Date: 10-07-2007

DOI: 10.1161/CIRCULATIONAHA.106.685628

Abstract: Background— Diabetes mellitus increases the risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD) and all-cause mortality. The relationship between milder elevations of blood glucose and mortality is less clear. This study investigated whether impaired fasting glucose and impaired glucose tolerance, as well as diabetes mellitus, increase the risk of all-cause and CVD mortality. Methods and Results— In 1999 to 2000, glucose tolerance status was determined in 10 428 participants of the Australian Diabetes, Obesity, and Lifestyle Study (AusDiab). After a median follow-up of 5.2 years, 298 deaths occurred (88 CVD deaths). Compared with those with normal glucose tolerance, the adjusted all-cause mortality hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for known diabetes mellitus and newly diagnosed diabetes mellitus were 2.3 (1.6 to 3.2) and 1.3 (0.9 to 2.0), respectively. The risk of death was also increased in those with impaired fasting glucose (HR 1.6, 95% CI 1.0 to 2.4) and impaired glucose tolerance (HR 1.5, 95% CI 1.1 to 2.0). Sixty-five percent of all those who died of CVD had known diabetes mellitus, newly diagnosed diabetes mellitus, impaired fasting glucose, or impaired glucose tolerance at baseline. Known diabetes mellitus (HR 2.6, 95% CI 1.4 to 4.7) and impaired fasting glucose (HR 2.5, 95% CI 1.2 to 5.1) were independent predictors for CVD mortality after adjustment for age, sex, and other traditional CVD risk factors, but impaired glucose tolerance was not (HR 1.2, 95% CI 0.7 to 2.2). Conclusions— This study emphasizes the strong association between abnormal glucose metabolism and mortality, and it suggests that this condition contributes to a large number of CVD deaths in the general population. CVD prevention may be warranted in people with all categories of abnormal glucose metabolism.

Prolonged sitting

Publisher: Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)

Date: 09-2011

DOI: 10.1097/HCO.0B013E3283496605

Joint Impact of Physical Activity and Family History on the Development of Diabetes Among Urban Adults in Mainland China

Publisher: SAGE Publications

Date: 24-04-2012

DOI: 10.1177/1010539512443700

Abstract: To examine the joint influences of physical activity (PA) and family history (FH) of diabetes on subsequent type 2 diabetes (T2D), the authors pooled and analyzed data from 2 community-based urban adult prospective cohort studies in 2011 in Nanjing, China. Among 4550 urban participants, the 3-year cumulative incidence of T2D was 5.1%. After adjustment for potential confounders, compared with those with FH+ and insufficient PA, the adjusted odds ratio (95% confidence interval) of developing T2D was 0.42 (0.18, 0.98) for participants with sufficient PA and FH+, 0.32 (0.22, 0.46) for participants with insufficient PA and FH−, and 0.15 (0.08, 0.28) for participants with sufficient PA and FH−. Such significant graduated associations between PA/FH and risk of developing T2D were also identified in either men or women, separately. Sufficient PA and FH− may jointly reduce the risk of developing T2D in urban Chinese adults.

Joint associations of poor diet quality and prolonged television viewing time with abnormal glucose metabolism in Australian men and women

Publisher: Elsevier BV

Date: 11-2013

DOI: 10.1016/J.YPMED.2013.06.023

Abstract: To examine the independent and joint associations of diet quality and television viewing time with abnormal glucose metabolism (AGM) in men and women. Cross-sectional data from 5346 women and 4344 men from the 1999 to 2000 Australian Diabetes, Obesity and Lifestyle Study were examined. Diet quality scores were derived from a food frequency questionnaire and categorised into tertiles (high moderate low). Television viewing time was dichotomised into low (≤ 14 h/week) and high (>14 h/week). AGM was defined as impaired fasting glucose, impaired glucose tolerance, known or newly diagnosed diabetes based on an oral glucose tolerance test. Regression analyses were adjusted for confounding variables. Diet quality and television viewing time were significantly associated with AGM in women, independent of waist circumference. Compared to women with high diet quality/low television viewing time, women with low diet quality/low television viewing time and women with low diet quality/high television viewing time were significantly more likely to have AGM. Associations were not observed in men. Both poor diet quality and prolonged television viewing should be addressed to reduce risk of AGM in women. Further understanding of modifiable risk factors in men is warranted.

Breaking up of prolonged sitting over three days sustains, but does not enhance, lowering of postprandial plasma glucose and insulin in overweight and obese adults

Publisher: Portland Press Ltd.

Date: 24-04-2015

DOI: 10.1042/CS20140790

Abstract: To compare the cumulative (3-day) effect of prolonged sitting on metabolic responses during a mixed meal tolerance test (MTT), with sitting that is regularly interrupted with brief bouts of light-intensity walking. Overweight/obese adults (n=19) were recruited for a randomized, 3-day, outpatient, cross-over trial involving: (1) 7-h days of uninterrupted sitting (SIT) and (2) 7-h days of sitting with light-intensity activity breaks [BREAKS 2-min of treadmill walking (3.2 km/h) every 20 min (total: 17 breaks/day)]. On days 1 and 3, participants underwent a MTT (75 g of carbohydrate, 50 g of fat) and the incremental area under the curve (iAUC) was calculated from hourly blood s les. Generalized estimating equation (GEE) models were adjusted for gender, body mass index (BMI), energy intake, treatment order and pre-prandial values to determine effects of time, condition and time × condition. The glucose iAUC was 1.3±0.5 and 1.5±0.5 mmol·h·l−1 (mean differences ± S.E.M.) higher in SIT compared with BREAKS on days 1 and 3 respectively (condition effect: P=0.001), with no effect of time (P=0.48) or time × condition (P=0.8). The insulin iAUC was also higher on both days in SIT (day 1: ∆151±73, day 3: ∆91±73 pmol·h·l−1, P=0.01), with no effect of time (P=0.52) or time × condition (P=0.71). There was no between-treatment difference in triglycerides (triacylglycerols) iAUC. There were significant between-condition effects but no temporal change in metabolic responses to MTT, indicating that breaking up of sitting over 3 days sustains, but does not enhance, the lowering of postprandial glucose and insulin.

Associations of sedentary time patterns and TV viewing time with inflammatory and endothelial function biomarkers in children

Publisher: Wiley

Date: 19-06-2016

DOI: 10.1111/IJPO.12045

A multicomponent intervention to reduce daily sitting time in office workers: the SMART Work & Life three-arm cluster RCT

Publisher: National Institute for Health and Care Research

Date: 09-2023

DOI: 10.3310/DNYC2141

Search for W′ bosons decaying to a top and a bottom quark at s

Publisher: Elsevier BV

Date: 09-2021

DOI: 10.1016/J.PHYSLETB.2021.136535

Impact on Hemostatic Parameters of Interrupting Sitting with Intermittent Activity

Publisher: Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)

Date: 07-2013

DOI: 10.1249/MSS.0B013E318285F57E

Measurement of differential cross sections and charge ratios for t-channel single top quark production in proton–proton collisions at $$\sqrt{s}=13$$ $$\,\text {Te}\text {V}$$

Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC

Date: 05-2020

DOI: 10.1140/EPJC/S10052-020-7858-1

Abstract: A measurement is presented of differential cross sections for t -channel single top quark and antiquark production in proton–proton collisions at a centre-of-mass energy of 13 $$\\,\\text {Te}\\text {V}$$ Te by the CMS experiment at the LHC. From a data set corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 35.9 $$\\,\\text {fb}^{-1}$$ fb - 1 , events containing one muon or electron and two or three jets are analysed. The cross section is measured as a function of the top quark transverse momentum ( $$p_{\\mathrm{T}} $$ p T ), rapidity, and polarisation angle, the charged lepton $$p_{\\mathrm{T}} $$ p T and rapidity, and the $$p_{\\mathrm{T}} $$ p T of the $$\\text {W}{}{}$$ W boson from the top quark decay. In addition, the charge ratio is measured differentially as a function of the top quark, charged lepton, and $$\\text {W}{}{}$$ W boson kinematic observables. The results are found to be in agreement with standard model predictions using various next-to-leading-order event generators and sets of parton distribution functions. Additionally, the spin asymmetry, sensitive to the top quark polarisation, is determined from the differential distribution of the polarisation angle at parton level to be $$0.440 \\pm 0.070$$ 0.440 ± 0.070 , in agreement with the standard model prediction.

Television Viewing and Low Leisure-Time Physical Activity in Adolescence Independently Predict the Metabolic Syndrome in Mid-Adulthood

Publisher: American Diabetes Association

Date: 12-06-2013

DOI: 10.2337/DC12-1948

Abstract: We investigated whether television (TV) viewing and low leisure-time physical activity in adolescence predict the metabolic syndrome in mid-adulthood. TV viewing habits and participation in leisure-time physical activity at age 16 years were assessed by self-administered questionnaires in a population-based cohort in Northern Sweden. The presence of the metabolic syndrome at age 43 years was ascertained in 888 participants (82% of the baseline s le) using the International Diabetes Federation criteria. Odds ratios (ORs) and CIs were calculated using logistic regression. The overall prevalence of the metabolic syndrome at age 43 years was 26.9%. Adjusted OR for the metabolic syndrome at age 43 years was 2.14 (95% CI 1.24–3.71) for those who reported “watching several shows a day” versus “one show/week” or less and 2.31 (1.13–4.69) for leisure-time physical activity “several times/month” or less compared with “daily” leisure-time physical activity at age 16 years. TV viewing at age 16 years was associated with central obesity, low HDL cholesterol, and hypertension at age 43 years, whereas low leisure-time physical activity at age 16 years was associated with central obesity and triglycerides at age 43 years. Both TV viewing and low leisure-time physical activity in adolescence independently predicted the metabolic syndrome and several of the metabolic syndrome components in mid-adulthood. These findings suggest that reduced TV viewing in adolescence, in addition to regular physical activity, may contribute to cardiometabolic health later in life.

Validity of a multi-context sitting questionnaire across demographically diverse population groups: AusDiab3

Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC

Date: 12-2015

DOI: 10.1186/S12966-015-0309-Y

Measurement of the top quark forward-backward production asymmetry and the anomalous chromoelectric and chromomagnetic moments in pp collisions at $$ \sqrt{s} $$ = 13 TeV

Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC

Date: 06-2020

DOI: 10.1007/JHEP06(2020)146

Measurements of the Electroweak Diboson Production Cross Sections in Proton-Proton Collisions at

Publisher: American Physical Society (APS)

Date: 02-11-2021

DOI: 10.1103/PHYSREVLETT.127.191801

Breaking up prolonged sitting reduces resting blood pressure in overweight/obese adults

Publisher: Elsevier BV

Date: 09-2014

DOI: 10.1016/J.NUMECD.2014.04.011

Abstract: To compare the effect of 7 h of prolonged sitting on resting blood pressure with a similar duration of sitting combined with intermittent brief bouts of light-intensity or moderate-intensity physical activity. Overweight/obese adults (n = 19 aged 45-65 years) were recruited for a randomized three-treatment crossover trial with a one-week washout between treatments: 1) uninterrupted sitting 2) sitting with 2 min bouts of light-intensity walking at 3.2 km/h every 20 min and, 3) sitting with 2 min bouts of moderate-intensity walking at between 5.8 and 6.4 km/h every 20 min. After an initial 2 h period seated, participants consumed a test meal (75 g carbohydrate, 50 g fat) and completed each condition over the next 5 h. Resting blood pressure was assessed oscillometrically every hour as a single measurement, 5 min prior to each activity bout. GEE models were adjusted for sex, age, BMI, fasting blood pressure and treatment order. After adjustment for potential confounding variables, breaking up prolonged sitting with light and moderate-intensity activity breaks was associated with lower systolic blood pressure [light: 120 ± 1 mmHg (estimated marginal mean ± SEM), P = 0.002 moderate: 121 ± 1 mmHg, P = 0.02], compared to uninterrupted sitting (123 ± 1 mmHg). Diastolic blood pressure was also significantly lower during both of the activity conditions (light: 76 ± 1 mmHg, P = 0.006 moderate: 77 ± 1 mmHg, P = 0.03) compared to uninterrupted sitting (79 ± 1 mmHg). No significant between-condition differences were observed in mean arterial pressure or heart rate. Regularly breaking up prolonged sitting may reduce systolic and diastolic blood pressure. ACTRN12609000656235 (www.anzctr.org.au) TRIAL REGISTRATION DATE: August 4th 2009.

Neighbourhood walkability and dietary attributes: effect modification by area-level socio-economic status.

Publisher: Cambridge University Press (CUP)

Date: 18-05-2022

DOI: 10.1017/S1368980022001197

Abstract: Higher neighbourhood walkability would be expected to contribute to better health, but the relevant evidence is inconsistent. This may be because residents’ dietary attributes, which vary with socio-economic status (SES) and influence their health, can be related to walkability. We examined associations of walkability with dietary attributes and potential effect modification by area-level SES. The exposure variable of this cross-sectional study was neighbourhood walkability, calculated using residential density, intersection density and destination density within 1-km street-network buffer around each participant’s residence. The outcome variables were dietary patterns (Western, prudent and mixed) and total dietary energy intake, derived from a FFQ. Main and interaction effects with area-level SES were estimated using two-level linear regression models. Participants were from all states and territories in Australia. The analytical s le included 3590 participants (54 % women, age range 34 to 86). Walkability was not associated with dietary attributes in the whole s le. However, we found interaction effects of walkability and area-level SES on Western diet scores ( P 0·001) and total energy intake ( P = 0·012). In low SES areas, higher walkability was associated with higher Western dietary patterns ( P = 0·062) and higher total energy intake ( P = 0·066). In high SES areas, higher walkability was associated with lower Western diet scores ( P = 0·021) and lower total energy intake ( P = 0·058). Higher walkability may not be necessarily conducive to better health in socio-economically disadvantaged areas. Public health initiatives to enhance neighbourhood walkability need to consider food environments and socio-economic contexts.

Measurement of differential tt

Publisher: American Physical Society (APS)

Date: 30-11-2021

DOI: 10.1103/PHYSREVD.104.092013

Protein-enriched diet, with the use of lean red meat, combined with progressive resistance training enhances lean tissue mass and muscle strength and reduces circulating IL-6 concentrations in elderly women: A cluster randomized controlled trial

Publisher: Elsevier BV

Date: 04-2014

DOI: 10.3945/AJCN.113.064154

Abstract: Physical inactivity, inadequate dietary protein, and low-grade systemic inflammation contribute to age-related muscle loss, impaired function, and disability. We assessed the effects of progressive resistance training (PRT) combined with a protein-enriched diet facilitated through lean red meat on lean tissue mass (LTM), muscle size, strength and function, circulating inflammatory markers, blood pressure, and lipids in elderly women. In a 4-mo cluster randomized controlled trial, 100 women aged 60-90 y who were residing in 15 retirement villages were allocated to receive PRT with lean red meat (∼160 g cooked) to be consumed 6 d/wk [resistance training plus lean red meat (RT+Meat) group n = 53] or control PRT [1 serving pasta or rice/d control resistance training (CRT) group n = 47)]. All women undertook PRT 2 times/wk and received 1000 IU vitamin D3/d. The mean (± SD) protein intake was greater in the RT+Meat group than in the CRT group throughout the study (1.3 ± 0.3 compared with 1.1 ± 0.3 g · kg⁻¹ · d⁻¹, respectively P < 0.05). The RT+Meat group experienced greater gains in total body LTM (0.45 kg 95% CI: 0.07, 0.84 kg), leg LTM (0.22 kg 95% CI: 0.02, 0.42 kg), and muscle strength (18% 95% CI: 0.03, 0.34) than did the CRT group (all P < 0.05). The RT+Meat group also experienced a 10% greater increase in serum insulin-like growth factor I (P < 0.05) and a 16% greater reduction in the proinflammatory marker interleukin-6 (IL-6) (P < 0.05) after 4 mo. There were no between-group differences for the change in blood lipids or blood pressure. A protein-enriched diet equivalent to ∼1.3 g · kg⁻¹ · d⁻¹ achieved through lean red meat is safe and effective for enhancing the effects of PRT on LTM and muscle strength and reducing circulating IL-6 concentrations in elderly women. This trial was registered at the Australian Clinical Trials Registry as ACTRN12609000223235.

Adverse associations of increases in television viewing time with 5‐year changes in glucose homoeostasis markers: the AusDiab study

Publisher: Wiley

Date: 19-06-2012

DOI: 10.1111/J.1464-5491.2012.03656.X

Abstract: Television viewing time is associated cross-sectionally with abnormal glucose tolerance and diabetes risk however, the impact of changes in television viewing time on glycaemic measures is less understood. We examined relationships of 5-year change in television viewing time with 5-year change in glucose homeostasis markers. Participants in the Australian Diabetes, Obesity and Lifestyle study with data available at the 1999-2000 baseline and the 2004-2005 follow-up were included (4870 45% men). Television viewing time (h/week) was assessed by questionnaire. Fasting plasma glucose, serum insulin and 2-h plasma glucose were obtained from an oral glucose tolerance test. Beta-cell function and insulin resistance were ascertained using the homeostasis model assessment 2-calculator. Associations of change in television viewing time with changes in glucose homeostasis markers were examined using linear regression models [β-coefficients (95% CI)]. Adjustments included baseline measures of age, television viewing time and glycaemic marker, and baseline and 5-year change in diet quality, energy intake, physical activity and waist circumference. For every 5-h per week increase in television viewing time from baseline to 5-year follow-up, changes in glucose homeostasis markers were observed: among women there was a significant increase in fasting plasma glucose [0.01 (0.00-0.02) mmol/l] insulin resistance [0.03 (0.01-0.05)] and insulin secretion [1.07 (0.02-2.12) %] insulin levels increased [men: 1.20 (0.30-2.09) women: 1.06 (0.32-1.80) pmol/l] in men, 2-h plasma glucose levels increased [0.06 (0.01-0.1) mmol/l]. Five-year increases in television viewing time were associated adversely with changes in glucose homeostasis markers. These findings add to earlier cross-sectional evidence that television viewing time can be associated with biomarkers of diabetes risk.

Beneficial Associations of Physical Activity With 2-h but Not Fasting Blood Glucose in Australian Adults

Publisher: American Diabetes Association

Date: 12-2006

DOI: 10.2337/DC06-0313

Abstract: OBJECTIVE—We examined the associations of physical activity with fasting plasma glucose (FPG) and with 2-h postload plasma glucose (2-h PG) in men and women with low, moderate, and high waist circumference. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS—The Australian Diabetes, Obesity and Lifestyle (AusDiab) study provided data on a population-based cross-sectional s le of 4,108 men and 5,106 women aged ≥25 years without known diabetes or health conditions that could affect physical activity. FPG and 2-h PG were obtained from an oral glucose tolerance test. Self-reported physical activity level was defined according to the current public health guidelines as active (≥150 min/week across five or more sessions) or inactive (& min/week and/or less than five sessions). Sex-specific quintiles of physical activity time were used to ascertain dose response. RESULTS—Being physically active and total physical activity time were independently and negatively associated with 2-h PG. When physical activity level was considered within each waist circumference category, 2-h PG was significantly lower in active high–waist circumference women (β −0.30 [95% CI −0.59 to −0.01], P = 0.044) and active low–waist circumference men (β −0.25 [−0.49 to −0.02], P = 0.036) compared with their inactive counterparts. Considered across physical activity and waist circumference categories, 2-h PG levels were not significantly different between active moderate–waist circumference participants and active low–waist circumference participants. Associations between physical activity and FPG were nonsignificant. CONCLUSIONS—There are important differences between 2-h PG and FPG related to physical activity. It appears that 2-h PG is more sensitive to the beneficial effects of physical activity, and these benefits occur across the waist circumference spectrum.

Are workplace interventions to reduce sitting effective? A systematic review

Publisher: Elsevier BV

Date: 11-2010

DOI: 10.1016/J.YPMED.2010.08.012

Abstract: To systematically review the effectiveness of workplace interventions for reducing sitting. Studies published up to April 2009 were identified by literature searches in multiple databases. Studies were included if they were interventions to increase energy expenditure (increase physical activity or decrease sitting) were conducted in a workplace setting and specifically measured sitting as a primary or secondary outcome. Two independent reviewers assessed methodological quality of the included studies, and data on study design, s le, measures of sitting, intervention and results were extracted. Six studies met the inclusion criteria (five randomised trials and one pre-post study). The primary aim of all six was to increase physical activity all had reducing sitting as a secondary aim. All used self-report measures of sitting one specifically assessed occupational sitting time the others used measures of general sitting. No studies showed that sitting decreased significantly in the intervention group, compared with a control or comparison group. Currently, there is a dearth of evidence on the effectiveness of workplace interventions for reducing sitting. In light of the growing body of evidence that prolonged sitting is negatively associated with health, this highlights a gap in the scientific literature that needs to be addressed.

Electron and photon reconstruction and identification with the CMS experiment at the CERN LHC

Publisher: IOP Publishing

Date: 05-2021

DOI: 10.1088/1748-0221/16/05/P05014

Abstract: The performance is presented of the reconstruction and identification algorithms for electrons and photons with the CMS experiment at the LHC. The reported results are based on proton-proton collision data collected at a center-of-mass energy of 13 TeV and recorded in 2016–2018, corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 136 fb^-1. Results obtained from lead-lead collision data collected at √(s NN )=5.02 TeV are also presented. Innovative techniques are used to reconstruct the electron and photon signals in the detector and to optimize the energy resolution. Events with electrons and photons in the final state are used to measure the energy resolution and energy scale uncertainty in the recorded events. The measured energy resolution for electrons produced in Z boson decays in proton-proton collision data ranges from 2 to 5%, depending on electron pseudorapidity and energy loss through bremsstrahlung in the detector material. The energy scale in the same range of energies is measured with an uncertainty smaller than 0.1 (0.3)% in the barrel (endcap) region in proton-proton collisions and better than 1 (3)% in the barrel (endcap) region in heavy ion collisions. The timing resolution for electrons from Z boson decays with the full 2016–2018 proton-proton collision data set is measured to be 200 ps.

Joint Associations of Physical Activity and Hypertension with the Development of Type 2 Diabetes among Urban Men and Women in Mainland China

Publisher: Public Library of Science (PLoS)

Date: 13-02-2014

DOI: 10.1371/JOURNAL.PONE.0088719

A Cost and Cost-Benefit Analysis of the Stand More AT Work (SMArT Work) Intervention

Publisher: MDPI AG

Date: 13-02-2020

DOI: 10.3390/IJERPH17041214

Abstract: This study conducted a cost and cost-benefit analysis of the Stand More AT (SMArT) Work workplace intervention, designed to reduce sitting time. The study was a cluster two-armed randomised controlled trial involving 37 office clusters (146 desk-based workers) in a National Health Service Trust. The intervention group received a height-adjustable workstation with supporting behaviour change strategies. The control group continued with usual practice. Self-report absenteeism, presenteeism and work productivity were assessed at baseline, 3, 6 and 12 months and organisational sickness absence records 12 months prior to, and 12 months of the intervention. Mean per employee costs associated with SMArT Work were calculated. Absenteeism, presenteeism and work productivity were estimated, and employer-recorded absence data and employee wage-banding were used to provide a human-capital-based estimate of costs to the organisation. The return-on-investment (ROI) and incremental cost-efficacy ratios (ICER) were calculated. Intervention cost was £692.40 per employee. Cost-benefit estimates show a net saving of £1770.32 (95%CI £-354.40, £3895.04) per employee as a result of productivity increase. There were no significant differences in absence data compared to the control group. SMArT Work provides supporting evidence for policy-makers and employers on the cost benefits of reducing sitting time at work.

Effects of progressive strength training on muscle mass in type 2 diabetes mellitus patients determined by computed tomography

Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC

Date: 03-2009

DOI: 10.1007/S10354-009-0641-4

Abstract: To examine the effect of a 4-month progressive strength training program on muscle and fat mass assessed by computed tomography (CT) in type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) patients, and to assess the relationships of changes in muscle cross-section area (CSA) with glycaemic control. Twenty adults (mean age +/- SE: 56.4 +/- 0.9 a) with T2DM participated in a supervised strength training program for 4 months 3 days/week. Muscle and fat areas of the quadriceps muscle were estimated by CT volumetry before and immediately after the training. Glycaemic (HbA1c) and anthropometric (BMI, skinfolds) measurements were assessed at 0 and 4 months, respectively. After strength training, muscle strength increased significantly in all measured muscle groups. Quadriceps size (CSA of the muscle) was increased by 2.4% (from 7.99 +/- 0.3 cm(3) to 8.18 +/- 0.3 cm(3), p = 0.003) for the right extremity, 3.9% (from 8.1 +/- 0.4 cm(3) to 8.41 +/- 0.5 cm(3), p = 0.04) for the left side. Fat tissue CSA reduced from 0.66 +/- 0.1 cm(3) to 0.56 +/- 0.12 cm(3) for the right leg (15.3% reduction) and from 0.58 +/- 0.12 cm(3) to 0.37 +/- 0.13 cm(3) for the left leg (35.8% reduction), resulting in a mean fat CSA reduction of 24.8%. Fat mass assessed by skin folds was significantly reduced and lean body mass was significantly increased. The change in muscle CSA was not correlated with the changes in HbA1c or muscle strength. Strength training significantly improves both muscle mass and the muscle to fat ratio in T2DM. However, changes in muscle observed with computed tomography were not related to changes observed in HbA1c with training.

First measurement of the cross section for top quark pair production with additional charm jets using dileptonic final states in pp collisions at

Publisher: Elsevier BV

Date: 09-2021

DOI: 10.1016/J.PHYSLETB.2021.136565

Associations of overall sitting time and TV viewing time with fibrinogen and C reactive protein: the AusDiab study

Publisher: BMJ

Date: 18-02-2015

DOI: 10.1136/BJSPORTS-2013-093014

Abstract: Sedentary behaviour is associated with increased risk for all-cause and cardiovascular mortality. Plasma fibrinogen and C reactive protein (CRP)-key inflammatory and/or haemostatic markers-may contribute to this association however, few studies have examined their relationships with sedentary behaviours. We examined associations of overall sitting and TV viewing time with fibrinogen and high-sensitivity CRP (hsCRP). Plasma fibrinogen and hsCRP were measured in 3086 Australian adults (mean age: 55±12 years) who participated in the 2004-2005 AusDiab (Australian Diabetes, Obesity and Lifestyle) study. Multiple linear regression analyses examined cross-sectional associations of self-reported overall sitting and TV viewing time (h/day) with plasma fibrinogen and hsCRP, adjusting for sociodemographic, behavioural and medical treatments and conditions as potential covariates. Overall sitting time and TV viewing time were positively associated with plasma fibrinogen (sitting: β: 0.02 g/L, 95% CI (0.01 to 0.02) TV time: 0.03 g/L (0.02 to 0.05)) and hsCRP (sitting: 2.4% (1.2% to 3.6%) TV time: 4.5% (1.7% to 7.4%)). Associations were independent of leisure-time physical activity, but after adjusting for waist circumference, they remained for fibrinogen, but for hsCRP were attenuated to the null. Interactions were observed for gender×TV (p=0.011) with fibrinogen (associations in women only) and for waist circumference×TV (p=0.084) with hsCRP (associations in low-risk only). Overall sitting time was positively associated with plasma fibrinogen and hsCRP in men and women associations of TV viewing time with fibrinogen were observed in women only. Abdominal adiposity-mediated associations for hsCRP but not for fibrinogen. Prospective and intervention studies are needed to establish likely causality and elucidate potential mechanisms.

Determination of the strong coupling constant αS(mZ) from measurements of inclusive W± and Z boson production cross sections in proton-proton collisions at $$ \sqrt{\mathrm{s}} $$ = 7 and 8 TeV

Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC

Date: 06-2020

DOI: 10.1007/JHEP06(2020)018

Correlations of azimuthal anisotropy Fourier harmonics with subevent cumulants in pPb

Publisher: American Physical Society (APS)

Date: 14-01-2021

DOI: 10.1103/PHYSREVC.103.014902

Search for top squark pair production using dilepton final states in $${\text {p}}{\text {p}}$$ collision data collected at $$\sqrt{s}=13\,\text {TeV} $$

Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC

Date: 2021

DOI: 10.1140/EPJC/S10052-020-08701-5

Abstract: A search is presented for supersymmetric partners of the top quark (top squarks) in final states with two oppositely charged leptons (electrons or muons), jets identified as originating from $${\\text {b}}$$ b quarks, and missing transverse momentum. The search uses data from proton-proton collisions at $$\\sqrt{s}=13\\,\\text {TeV} $$ s = 13 TeV collected with the CMS detector, corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 137 $$\\,{\\text {fb}}^{-1}$$ fb - 1 . Hypothetical signal events are efficiently separated from the dominant top quark pair production background with requirements on the significance of the missing transverse momentum and on transverse mass variables. No significant deviation is observed from the expected background. Exclusion limits are set in the context of simplified supersymmetric models with pair-produced lightest top squarks. For top squarks decaying exclusively to a top quark and a lightest neutralino, lower limits are placed at $$95\\%$$ 95 % confidence level on the masses of the top squark and the neutralino up to 925 and 450 $$\\,\\text {GeV}$$ GeV , respectively. If the decay proceeds via an intermediate chargino, the corresponding lower limits on the mass of the lightest top squark are set up to 850 $$\\,\\text {GeV}$$ GeV for neutralino masses below 420 $$\\,\\text {GeV}$$ GeV . For top squarks undergoing a cascade decay through charginos and sleptons, the mass limits reach up to 1.4 $$\\,\\text {TeV}$$ TeV and 900 $$\\,\\text {GeV}$$ GeV respectively for the top squark and the lightest neutralino.

Deleterious associations of sitting time and television viewing time with cardiometabolic risk biomarkers: Australian Diabetes, Obesity and Lifestyle (AusDiab) study 2004-2005

Publisher: American Diabetes Association

Date: 16-11-2010

DOI: 10.2337/DC09-0493

Abstract: We examined the associations of sitting time and television (TV) viewing time with continuously measured biomarkers of cardio-metabolic risk in Australian adults. Waist circumference, BMI, resting blood pressure, triglycerides, HDL cholesterol, fasting and 2-h postload plasma glucose, and fasting insulin were measured in 2,761 women and 2,103 men aged ≥30 years (mean age 54 years) without clinically diagnosed diabetes from the 2004–2005 Australian Diabetes, Obesity and Lifestyle (AusDiab) study. Multivariate linear regression analyses examined associations of self-reported sitting time and TV viewing time (hours per day) with these biomarkers, adjusting for potential confounding variables. For both women and men, sitting time was detrimentally associated with waist circumference, BMI, systolic blood pressure, fasting triglycerides, HDL cholesterol, 2-h postload plasma glucose, and fasting insulin (all P & 0.05), but not with fasting plasma glucose and diastolic blood pressure (men only). With the exception of HDL cholesterol and systolic blood pressure in women, the associations remained significant after further adjustment for waist circumference. TV viewing time was detrimentally associated with all metabolic measures in women and all except HDL cholesterol and blood pressure in men. Only fasting insulin and glucose (men only) remained deleteriously associated with TV viewing time after adjustment for waist circumference. In women and men, sitting time and TV viewing time were deleteriously associated with cardio-metabolic risk biomarkers, with sitting time having more consistent associations in both sexes and being independent of central adiposity. Preventive initiatives aimed at reducing sitting time should focus on both nonleisure and leisure-time domains.

Higgs physics at the HL-LHC and HE-LHC

Publisher: CERN

Date: 2019

DOI: 10.23731/CYRM-2019-007.221

Beyond the Standard Model physics at the HL-LHC and HE-LHC

Publisher: CERN

Date: 2019

DOI: 10.23731/CYRM-2019-007.585

Increased Cardiometabolic Risk Is Associated with Increased TV Viewing Time

Publisher: Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)

Date: 08-2010

DOI: 10.1249/MSS.0B013E3181D322AC

Contrasting compositions of sitting, standing, stepping, and sleeping time: associations with glycaemic outcome by diabetes risk

Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC

Date: 12-2021

DOI: 10.1186/S12966-021-01209-5

Abstract: Recent evidence suggests that prolonged sitting and its adverse impact on glycaemic indicators appear to be proportional to the degree of insulin resistance. To investigate this finding in a free-living context, we aimed to examine associations of device-measured 24-h time-use compositions of sitting, standing, stepping, and sleeping with fasting glucose (FPG) and 2 h post-load glucose (2hPLG) levels, and to examine separately the associations with time-use compositions among those at lower and at higher risk of developing type 2 diabetes. Cross-sectional analyses examined thigh-worn inclinometer data (activPAL, 7 day, 24 h/day protocol) from 648 participants (aged 36-80 years) at either lower ( 39 mmol/mol 5.7% HbA1c) or higher (≥39 mmol/mol ≥5.7% HbA1c) diabetes risk from the 2011-2012 Australian Diabetes, Obesity and Lifestyle study. Multiple linear regression models were used to examine associations of differing compositions with FPG and 2hPLG, with time spent in each behaviour allowed to vary up to 60 min. In general, the associations with the FPG within the time-use compositions were small, with statistically significant associations observed for sitting and sleeping (in the lower diabetes risk group) and standing (in higher diabetes risk group) only. For 2hPLG, statistically significant associations were observed for stepping only, with findings similar between lower (β = − 0.12 95%CI:−0.22, − 0.02) and higher (β = − 0.13 95%CI:−0.26, − 0.01) risk groups. Varying the composition had minimal impact on FPG however 1 h less sitting time and equivalent increase in standing time was associated with attenuated FPG levels in higher risk only (Δ FPG% = − 1.5 95%CI: − 2.4, − 0.5). Large differences in 2hPLG were observed for both groups when varying the composition. One hour less sitting with equivalent increase in stepping was associated with attenuated 2hPLG, with estimations similar in lower (Δ 2hPLG% = − 3.8 95%CI: − 7.3, − 0.2) and higher (Δ 2hPLG% = − 5.0 95%CI: − 9.7, − 0.0) risk for diabetes. In middle-aged and older adults, glycaemic control could be improved by reducing daily sitting time and replacing it with stepping. Standing could also be beneficial for those at higher risk of developing type 2 diabetes.

Smartphone-Based Interventions to Reduce Sedentary Behavior and Promote Physical Activity Using Integrated Dynamic Models: Systematic Review

Publisher: JMIR Publications Inc.

Date: 13-09-2021

DOI: 10.2196/26315

Abstract: Traditional psychological theories are inadequate to fully leverage the potential of smartphones and improve the effectiveness of physical activity (PA) and sedentary behavior (SB) change interventions. Future interventions need to consider dynamic models taken from other disciplines, such as engineering (eg, control systems). The extent to which such dynamic models have been incorporated in the development of interventions for PA and SB remains unclear. This review aims to quantify the number of studies that have used dynamic models to develop smartphone-based interventions to promote PA and reduce SB, describe their features, and evaluate their effectiveness where possible. Databases including PubMed, PsycINFO, IEEE Xplore, Cochrane, and Scopus were searched from inception to May 15, 2019, using terms related to mobile health, dynamic models, SB, and PA. The included studies involved the following: PA or SB interventions involving human adults either developed or evaluated integrated psychological theory with dynamic theories used smartphones for the intervention delivery the interventions were adaptive or just-in-time adaptive included randomized controlled trials (RCTs), pilot RCTs, quasi-experimental, and pre-post study designs and were published from 2000 onward. Outcomes included general characteristics, dynamic models, theory or construct integration, and measured SB and PA behaviors. Data were synthesized narratively. There was limited scope for meta-analysis because of the variability in the study results. A total of 1087 publications were screened, with 11 publications describing 8 studies included in the review. All studies targeted PA 4 also included SB. Social cognitive theory was the major psychological theory upon which the studies were based. Behavioral intervention technology, control systems, computational agent model, exploit-explore strategy, behavioral analytic algorithm, and dynamic decision network were the dynamic models used in the included studies. The effectiveness of quasi-experimental studies involved reduced SB (1 study P=.08), increased light PA (1 study P=.002), walking steps (2 studies P=.06 and P .001), walking time (1 study P=.02), moderate-to-vigorous PA (2 studies P=.08 and P=.81), and nonwalking exercise time (1 study P=.31). RCT studies showed increased walking steps (1 study P=.003) and walking time (1 study P=.06). To measure activity, 5 studies used built-in smartphone sensors (ie, accelerometers), 3 of which used the phone’s GPS, and 3 studies used wearable activity trackers. To our knowledge, this is the first systematic review to report on smartphone-based studies to reduce SB and promote PA with a focus on integrated dynamic models. These findings highlight the scarcity of dynamic model–based smartphone studies to reduce SB or promote PA. The limited number of studies that incorporate these models shows promising findings. Future research is required to assess the effectiveness of dynamic models in promoting PA and reducing SB. International Prospective Register of Systematic Reviews (PROSPERO) CRD42020139350 www.crd.york.ac.uk/PROSPERO/display_record.php?RecordID=139350.

The effects of progressive resistance training combined with a whey-protein drink and vitamin D supplementation on glycaemic control, body composition and cardiometabolic risk factors in older adults

Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC

Date: 06-11-2014

DOI: 10.1186/1745-6215-15-431

Association of television viewing with fasting and 2-h postchallenge plasma glucose levels in adults without diagnosed diabetes

Publisher: American Diabetes Association

Date: 03-2007

DOI: 10.2337/DC06-1996

Abstract: OBJECTIVE—We examined the associations of television viewing time with fasting plasma glucose (FPG) and 2-h postchallenge plasma glucose (2-h PG) levels in Australian adults. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS—A total of 8,357 adults aged & years who were free from diagnosed diabetes and who attended a population-based cross-sectional study (Australian Diabetes, Obesity and Lifestyle Study [AusDiab]) were evaluated. Measures of FPG and 2-h PG were obtained from an oral glucose tolerance test. Self-reported television viewing time (in the previous week) was assessed using an interviewer-administered questionnaire. Homeostasis model assessment (HOMA) of insulin sensitivity (HOMA-%S) and β-cell function (HOMA-%B) were calculated based on fasting glucose and insulin concentrations. RESULTS—After adjustment for confounders and physical activity time, time spent watching television in women was positively associated with 2-h PG, log fasting insulin, and log HOMA-%B and inversely associated with log HOMA-%S (P & 0.05) but not with FPG. No significant associations were observed with glycemic measures in men. The β-coefficients across categories of average hours spent watching television per day (& .0, 1.0–1.9, 2.0–2.9, 3.0–3.9, and ≥4.0) for 2-h PG in women were 0 (reference), 0.009, 0.047, 0.473, and 0.501, respectively (P for trend = 0.02). CONCLUSIONS—Our findings highlight the unique deleterious relationship of sedentary behavior (indicated by television viewing time) and glycemic measures independent of physical activity time and adiposity status. These relationships differed according to sex and type of glucose measurement, with the 2-h PG measure being more strongly associated with television viewing. The findings suggest an important role for reducing sedentary behavior in the prevention of type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular disease, especially in women.

A cluster-randomized controlled trial to reduce sedentary behavior and promote physical activity and health of 8-9 year olds: The Transform-Us! Study

Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC

Date: 04-10-2011

DOI: 10.1186/1471-2458-11-759

Objectively assessed physical activity, sedentary time and waist circumference among prostate cancer survivors: findings from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (2003-2006)

Publisher: Hindawi Limited

Date: 29-06-2010

DOI: 10.1111/J.1365-2354.2010.01205.X

Abstract: Physical activity is well-established on the cancer survivorship research agenda, but prostate cancer survivors remain an understudied population. Additionally, the unique relationships between sedentary time and health outcomes have not yet been considered in this group. We examined the associations of accelerometer-assessed physical activity and sedentary time with waist circumference in 103 prostate cancer survivors from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2003-2004 and 2005-2006. Participants wore an Actigraph accelerometer for 7 days, and activity levels were summarised as moderate-to-vigorous intensity activity (accelerometer counts/minute ≥ 1952), light-intensity activity (counts/minute 100-1951) and sedentary time (counts/minute < 100). Moderate-to-vigorous intensity physical activity was inversely associated with waist circumference (β=-6.728, 95% CI: -12.267, -1.190, P= 0.020), equating to a top versus bottom quartile difference of 13.7 cm. No discernable relationship existed between light-intensity activity or sedentary time and adiposity. This is the first study to objectively measure the activity levels of prostate cancer survivors. Increasing moderate-to-vigorous activity may assist this population with weight management. More research into the relationships of light-intensity physical activity and sedentary behaviour with health outcomes among prostate cancer survivors is warranted, given the strong relationships seen in the broader population.

Measurements of production cross sections of WZ and same-sign WW boson pairs in association with two jets in proton-proton collisions at

Publisher: Elsevier BV

Date: 10-2020

DOI: 10.1016/J.PHYSLETB.2020.135710

Physical activity and television viewing in relation to risk of undiagnosed abnormal glucose metabolism in adults

Publisher: American Diabetes Association

Date: 11-2004

DOI: 10.2337/DIACARE.27.11.2603

Abstract: OBJECTIVE—The goal of this study was to assess the associations of physical activity time and television (TV) time with risk of “undiagnosed” abnormal glucose metabolism in Australian adults. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS—This population-based cross-sectional study using a stratified cluster design involving 42 randomly selected Census Collector Districts across Australia included 8,299 adults aged 25 years or older who were free from new type 2 diabetes and self-reported ischemic disease and did not take lipid-lowering or antihypertensive drugs. Abnormal glucose metabolism (impaired fasting glycemia [IFG], impaired glucose tolerance [IGT], or new type 2 diabetes) was based on an oral glucose tolerance test. Self-reported physical activity time and TV time (previous week) were assessed using interviewer-administered questionnaires. RESULTS—After adjustment for known confounders and TV time, the odds ratio (OR) of having abnormal glucose metabolism was 0.62 (95% CI 0.41–0.96) in men and 0.71 (0.50–1.00) in women for those engaged in physical activity ≥2.5 h/week compared with those who were sedentary (0 h/week). The ORs of having abnormal glucose metabolism were 1.16 (0.79–1.70) in men and 1.49 (1.12–1.99) in women who watched TV & h/week compared with those who watched ≤7.0 h/week. Higher TV viewing (& h/week) was also associated with an increased risk of new type 2 diabetes in men and women and IGT in women compared with those watching & h/week. Total physical activity of ≥2.5 h/week was associated with a reduced risk of IFG, IGT, and new type 2 diabetes in both sexes however, only the association with IGT in women was statistically significant. CONCLUSIONS—These findings suggest a protective effect of physical activity and a deleterious effect of TV time on the risk of abnormal glucose metabolism in adults. Population strategies to reduce risk of abnormal glucose metabolism should focus on reducing sedentary behaviors such as TV time, as well as increasing physical activity.

Measurement of $$\hbox {t}{\bar{\hbox {t}}}$$ normalised multi-differential cross sections in $${\text {p}}{\text {p}} $$ collisions at $$\sqrt{s}=13\,{\text {TeV}} $$, and simultaneous determination

Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC

Date: 07-2020

DOI: 10.1140/EPJC/S10052-020-7917-7

Abstract: Normalised multi-differential cross sections for top quark pair ( $$\\hbox {t}{\\bar{\\hbox {t}}}$$ t t ¯ ) production are measured in proton-proton collisions at a centre-of-mass energy of 13 $$\\,{\\text {TeV}}$$ TeV using events containing two oppositely charged leptons. The analysed data were recorded with the CMS detector in 2016 and correspond to an integrated luminosity of $$35.9{\\,{\\text {fb}}^{-1}} $$ 35.9 fb - 1 . The double-differential $$\\hbox {t}{\\bar{\\hbox {t}}}$$ t t ¯ cross section is measured as a function of the kinematic properties of the top quark and of the $$\\hbox {t}{\\bar{\\hbox {t}}}$$ t t ¯ system at parton level in the full phase space. A triple-differential measurement is performed as a function of the invariant mass and rapidity of the $$\\hbox {t}{\\bar{\\hbox {t}}}$$ t t ¯ system and the multiplicity of additional jets at particle level. The data are compared to predictions of Monte Carlo event generators that complement next-to-leading-order (NLO) quantum chromodynamics (QCD) calculations with parton showers. Together with a fixed-order NLO QCD calculation, the triple-differential measurement is used to extract values of the strong coupling strength $$\\alpha _{S}$$ α S and the top quark pole mass ( $$m_{{\\text {t}}}^{{\\text {pole}}}$$ m t pole ) using several sets of parton distribution functions (PDFs). The measurement of $$m_{{\\text {t}}}^{{\\text {pole}}}$$ m t pole exploits the sensitivity of the $$\\hbox {t}{\\bar{\\hbox {t}}}$$ t t ¯ invariant mass distribution to $$m_{{\\text {t}}}^{{\\text {pole}}}$$ m t pole near the production threshold. Furthermore, a simultaneous fit of the PDFs, $$\\alpha _{S}$$ α S , and $$m_{{\\text {t}}}^{{\\text {pole}}}$$ m t pole is performed at NLO, demonstrating that the new data have significant impact on the gluon PDF, and at the same time allow an accurate determination of $$\\alpha _{S}$$ α S and $$m_{{\\text {t}}}^{{\\text {pole}}}$$ m t pole . The values $$\\alpha _{S}(m_{{\\text {Z}}}) = 0.1135{}^{+0.0021}_{-0.0017}$$ α S ( m Z ) = 0.1135 - 0.0017 + 0.0021 and $$m_{{\\text {t}}}^{{\\text {pole}}} = 170.5 \\pm 0.8 \\,{\\text {GeV}} $$ m t pole = 170.5 ± 0.8 GeV are extracted, which account for experimental and theoretical uncertainties, the latter being estimated from NLO scale variations. Possible effects from Coulomb and soft-gluon resummation near the $$\\hbox {t}{\\bar{\\hbox {t}}}$$ t t ¯ production threshold are neglected in these parameter extractions. A rough estimate of these effects indicates an expected correction of $$m_{{\\text {t}}}^{{\\text {pole}}}$$ m t pole of the order of $$+1 \\,{\\text {GeV}} $$ + 1 GeV , which can be regarded as additional theoretical uncertainty in the current $$m_{{\\text {t}}}^{{\\text {pole}}}$$ m t pole extraction.

Utilization and Harmonization of Adult Accelerometry Data

Publisher: Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)

Date: 10-2015

DOI: 10.1249/MSS.0000000000000661

Measurement of prompt open-charm production cross sections in proton-proton collisions at $$ \sqrt{s} $$ = 13 TeV

Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC

Date: 11-2021

DOI: 10.1007/JHEP11(2021)225

Abstract: The production cross sections for prompt open-charm mesons in proton-proton collisions at a center-of-mass energy of 13 TeV are reported. The measurement is performed using a data s le collected by the CMS experiment corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 29 nb − 1 . The differential production cross sections of the D ∗ ± , D ± , and D 0 $$ \left({\overline{\mathrm{D}}}^0\right) $$ D ¯ 0 mesons are presented in ranges of transverse momentum and pseudorapidity 4 p T 100 GeV and |η| 2 . 1, respectively. The results are compared to several theoretical calculations and to previous measurements.

Effect of ω3 fatty acids on oxidative stress in humans: GC-MS measurement of urinary F2-isoprostane excretion

Publisher: Informa UK Limited

Date: 02-2000

DOI: 10.1179/RER.2000.5.1.45

Abstract: Despite the reported benefits associated with omega3 fatty acids for cardiovascular disease, there remains concern that increased intake may lead to increased lipid peroxidation. To date, however, the data, particularly in vivo, are inconclusive. This report describes two interventions, one providing daily fish meals and the other eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA, 20:5 omega3) or docosahexaenoic acid (DHA, 22:6 omega3), the two principal omega3 fatty acids in marine oils, in which in vivo lipid peroxidation was assessed by measurement of urinary excretion of F2-isoprostanes. In both trials, urinary F2-isoprostanes were significantly reduced by 20-27%. Therefore, in contrast with previous reports in the literature, these results demonstrate that omega3 fatty acids reduce in vivo oxidant stress in humans.

Diabetes prevalence and determinants in Indigenous Australian populations: A systematic review

Publisher: Elsevier BV

Date: 08-2011

DOI: 10.1016/J.DIABRES.2011.06.012

Abstract: To perform a systematic review of the prevalence of diabetes and impaired glucose tolerance (IGT) in Indigenous Australians in order to clarify overall patterns, by determinants such as age, gender, region, ethnicity and remoteness. The OVID interface to Medline and the Australian Indigenous HealthInfoNet databases were systematically searched from years 1997 to 2010. Studies reporting diabetes prevalence were included if they used population-based s les of Indigenous Australians. Diagnosis of diabetes was based on self-report or standard diagnostic criteria. Twenty-four studies were included. The diabetes prevalence ranged from 3.5 to 33.1% IGT estimates ranged from 4.7 to 21.1%. Prevalence was greater among Indigenous Australian women compared to men, the Northern Territory's Top End compared to Central Australia, Torres Strait Islanders compared to Aboriginals, older (≥35 years) compared to younger (<35 years) age groups, and remote compared to urban settings. Patterns of IGT prevalence were similar to those observed for diabetes. Although the prevalence of diabetes and IGT is high, there appears to be considerable variation in prevalence between different segments of the Australian Indigenous population. Data on diabetes prevalence in the urban Australian Indigenous population is lacking, despite accounting for almost three quarters of the total population.

Objectively measured light-intensity physical activity is independently associated with 2-h plasma glucose

Publisher: American Diabetes Association

Date: 06-2007

DOI: 10.2337/DC07-0114

Abstract: OBJECTIVE—We examined the associations of objectively measured sedentary time, light-intensity physical activity, and moderate- to vigorous-intensity activity with fasting and 2-h postchallenge plasma glucose in Australian adults. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS—A total of 67 men and 106 women (mean age ± SD 53.3 ± 11.9 years) without diagnosed diabetes were recruited from the 2004–2005 Australian Diabetes, Obesity, and Lifestyle (AusDiab) study. Physical activity was measured by Actigraph accelerometers worn during waking hours for 7 consecutive days and summarized as sedentary time (accelerometer counts/min & average hours/day), light-intensity (counts/min 100-1951), and moderate- to vigorous-intensity (counts/min ≥1,952). An oral glucose tolerance test was used to ascertain 2-h plasma glucose and fasting plasma glucose. RESULTS—After adjustment for confounders (including waist circumference), sedentary time was positively associated with 2-h plasma glucose (b = 0.29, 95% CI 0.11–0.48, P = 0.002) light-intensity activity time (b = −0.25, −0.45 to −0.06, P = 0.012) and moderate- to vigorous-intensity activity time (b = −1.07, −1.77 to −0.37, P = 0.003) were negatively associated. Light-intensity activity remained significantly associated with 2-h plasma glucose following further adjustment for moderate- to vigorous-intensity activity (b = −0.22, −0.42 to −0.03, P = 0.023). Associations of all activity measures with fasting plasma glucose were nonsignificant (P & 0.05). CONCLUSIONS—These data provide the first objective evidence that light-intensity physical activity is beneficially associated with blood glucose and that sedentary time is unfavorably associated with blood glucose. These objective data support previous findings from studies using self-report measures, and suggest that substituting light-intensity activity for television viewing or other sedentary time may be a practical and achievable preventive strategy to reduce the risk of type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular disease.

Prevalence of vitamin D deficiency and its determinants in Australian adults aged 25 years and older: a national, population‐based study

Publisher: Wiley

Date: 06-06-2012

DOI: 10.1111/J.1365-2265.2011.04320.X

Abstract: Vitamin D deficiency is recognized as a global public health problem, but the population-based prevalence of deficiency and its determinants in Australian adults is not known. This study evaluated the vitamin D status of Australian adults aged ≥25 years and risk factors associated with vitamin D deficiency in this population. We studied a national s le of 11,247 Australian adults enrolled in the 1999/2000 Australian Diabetes, Obesity and Lifestyle (AusDiab) study drawn from 42 randomly selected districts throughout Australia. Serum concentrations of 25-hydroxyvitamin D [25(OH)D] were measured by immunoassay. Vitamin D deficiency was defined as a concentration <50 nmol/l. Information on demographic and lifestyle factors was derived from interview-administered questionnaires. The mean serum 25(OH)D concentration was 63 nmol/l (95% CI: 59-67 nmol/l). Only 4% of the population had a level <25 nmol/l, but the prevalence of vitamin D deficiency (<50 nmol/l) was 31% (22% men 39% women) 73% had levels 35°S) 42% of women and 27% of men were deficient during summer-autumn, which increased to 58% and 35%, respectively, during winter-spring. Vitamin D deficiency is common in Australia affecting nearly one-third of adults aged ≥25 years. This indicates that strategies are needed at the population level to improve vitamin D status of Australians.

Search for decays of the 125 GeV Higgs boson into a Z boson and a ρ or ϕ meson

Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC

Date: 11-2020

DOI: 10.1007/JHEP11(2020)039

Abstract: Decays of the 125 GeV Higgs boson into a Z boson and a ρ 0 (770) or ϕ(1020) meson are searched for using proton-proton collision data collected by the CMS experiment at the LHC at $$ \\sqrt{s} $$ s = 13 TeV. The analysed data set corresponds to an integrated luminosity of 137 fb − 1 . Events are selected in which the Z boson decays into a pair of electrons or a pair of muons, and the ρ and ϕ mesons decay into pairs of pions and kaons, respectively. No significant excess above the background model is observed. As different polarization states are possible for the decay products of the Z boson and ρ or ϕ mesons, affecting the signal acceptance, scenarios in which the decays are longitudinally or transversely polarized are considered. Upper limits at the 95% confidence level on the Higgs boson branching fractions into Zρ and Zϕ are determined to be 1.04–1.31% and 0.31–0.40%, respectively, where the ranges reflect the considered polarization scenarios these values are 740–940 and 730–950 times larger than the respective standard model expectations. These results constitute the first experimental limits on the two decay channels.

Glucose indices, health behaviors, and incidence of diabetes in Australia: The Australian diabetes, obesity and lifestyle study

Publisher: American Diabetes Association

Date: 02-2008

DOI: 10.2337/DC07-0912

Abstract: OBJECTIVE—This national, population-based study reports diabetes incidence based on oral glucose tolerance tests (OGTTs) and identifies risk factors for diabetes in Australians. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS—The Australian Diabetes, Obesity and Lifestyle Study followed-up 5,842 participants over 5 years. Normal glycemia, impaired fasting glucose (IFG), impaired glucose tolerance (IGT), and diabetes were defined using World Health Organization criteria. RESULTS—Age-standardized annual incidence of diabetes for men and women was 0.8% (95% CI 0.6–0.9) and 0.7% (0.5–0.8), respectively. The annual incidence was 0.2% (0.2–0.3), 2.6% (1.8–3.4), and 3.5% (2.9–4.2) among those with normal glycemia, IFG, and IGT, respectively, at baseline. Among those with IFG, the incidence was significantly higher in women (4.0 vs. 2.0%), while among those with IGT, it was significantly higher in men (4.4 vs. 2.9%). Using multivariate logistic regression, hypertension (odds ratio 1.64 [95% CI 1.17–2.28]), hypertriglyceridemia (1.46 [1.05–2.02]), log fasting plasma glucose (odds ratio per 1 SD 5.25 [95% CI 3.98–6.92]), waist circumference (1.26 [1.08–1.48]), smoking (1.70 [96% CI 1.11–2.63]), physical inactivity (1.56 [1.12–2.16]), family history of diabetes (1.82 [1.30–2.52]), and low education level (1.85 [1.04–3.31]) were associated with incident diabetes. In age- and sex-adjusted models, A1C was a predictor of diabetes in the whole population, in those with normal glycemia, and in those with IGT or IFG. CONCLUSIONS—Diabetes incidence is 10–20 times greater in those with IGT or IFG than those with normal glycemia. Measures of glycemia, A1C, metabolic syndrome components, education level, smoking, and physical inactivity are risk factors for diabetes.

Arriba por la Vida Estudio (AVE): Study protocol for a standing intervention targeting postmenopausal Latinas

Publisher: Elsevier BV

Date: 04-2019

DOI: 10.1016/J.CCT.2019.02.004

Abstract: Postmenopausal Latinas are a growing population group in the US who are at high risk for cardiovascular disease. Epidemiological studies have shown that excessive sitting is related to cardiovascular disease risk. Older women sit for prolonged periods and most in iduals do not meet physical activity guidelines. Reducing sitting through increased standing may improve cardiovascular risk. More research is needed on how to intervene to increase standing in older Latinas. To describe the protocol for a randomized controlled trial to increase standing in postmenopausal Latinas: the Arriba por la Vida Estudio (AVE). Postmenopausal Latinas will be randomized to one of two study arms: an increase standing intervention or a heart healthy attention-comparison condition. A total of 250 overweight postmenopausal Latinas will be recruited and followed for 12weeks. AVE is based on various models of behavior change including strategies such as self-monitoring, goal setting, and habit formation. Participants will receive three in-personhealth-counseling sessions (including one in-home visit) and five follow-up telephone calls using motivational interviewing techniques. Those in the attention-comparison condition will receive an equal number of contacts as the standing intervention with topics focused on healthy aging. The primary outcome is objectively-measured sitting time over three months measured via thigh-worn inclinometers and secondary outcomes include blood pressure, physical functioning and glucoregulatory and lipid biomarkers. The findings from this study will provide valuable information about effective approaches to increase standing time in postmenopausal Latinas and its impact on cardiovascular disease risk. This study is registered at clincialtrials.gov Identifier: NCT02905929.

The Australian Diabetes, Obesity and Lifestyle Study (AusDiab)—methods and response rates

Publisher: Elsevier BV

Date: 08-2002

DOI: 10.1016/S0168-8227(02)00025-6

Abstract: The Australian Diabetes, Obesity and Lifestyle Study (AusDiab) addresses the urgent need for data on diabetes prevalence, risk factors and associated conditions in Australia. Here we describe the methods used and the response rates obtained. AusDiab was a population-based cross-sectional survey of national diabetes mellitus prevalence and associated risk factors in people aged > or =25 years, conducted between May 1999 and December 2000 in the six states and the Northern Territory of Australia. The study involved an initial household interview, followed by a biomedical examination that included an oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT), standard anthropometric tests, blood pressure measurements and the administration of questionnaires. Of the 20347 eligible people (aged > or =25 years and resident at the address for > or =6 months) who completed a household interview, 11247 (55.3%) attended for the biomedical examination. Of those who completed the biomedical examination 55.1% were female. Comparisons with the 1998 Australian population estimates showed that younger age responders were under-represented at the biomedical examination, while the middle-aged and older age groups were over-represented. Weighting of the AusDiab data for age and gender have corrected for this bias. AusDiab, which is the largest national diabetes prevalence study undertaken in a developed nation to have used an OGTT, provides a valuable national resource for the study of the prevalence and possible causes of diabetes, as well as identifying possible risk factors that may lead to diabetes. Furthermore, it generates the baseline data for a prospective 5-year cohort study. The data will be important for national and regional public health and lifestyle education and health promotion programs.

Six-Month Outcomes from Living Well with Diabetes: A Randomized Trial of a Telephone-Delivered Weight Loss and Physical Activity Intervention to Improve Glycemic Control

Publisher: Oxford University Press (OUP)

Date: 23-04-2013

DOI: 10.1007/S12160-013-9498-2

Abstract: Intensive lifestyle intervention trials in type 2 diabetes contribute evidence on what can be achieved under optimal conditions, but are less informative for translation in applied settings. Living Well with Diabetes is a telephone-delivered weight loss intervention designed for real-world delivery. This study is a randomized controlled trial of telephone counseling (n = 151) versus usual care (n = 151) 6-month primary outcomes of weight, physical activity, HbA1c secondary diet outcomes analysis was by adjusted generalized linear models. Relative to usual care, telephone counseling participants had small but significantly better weight loss [-1.12 % of initial body weight 95 % confidence interval (CI) -1.92, -0.33 %] physical activity [relative rate (RR) = 1.30 95 % CI, 1.08, 1.57] energy intake reduction (-0.63 MJ/day 95 % CI, -1.01, -0.25) and diet quality (3.72 points 95 % CI, 1.77, 5.68), with no intervention effect for HbA1c (RR = 0.99 95 % CI, 0.96, 1.01). Results are discussed in light of challenges to intervention delivery.

Reducing youth screen time: Qualitative metasynthesis of findings on barriers and facilitators.

Publisher: American Psychological Association (APA)

Date: 04-2015

DOI: 10.1037/HEA0000172

Use of Decision-Analytic Modelling to Assess the Cost-Effectiveness of Diagnostic Imaging of the Spine, Shoulder, and Knee: A Scoping Review

Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC

Date: 20-03-2023

DOI: 10.1007/S40258-023-00799-4

Living well with diabetes: 24-month outcomes from a randomized trial of telephone-delivered weight loss and physical activity intervention to improve glycemic control

Publisher: American Diabetes Association

Date: 12-07-2014

DOI: 10.2337/DC13-2427

Abstract: To evaluate the effectiveness of a telephone-delivered behavioral weight loss and physical activity intervention targeting Australian primary care patients with type 2 diabetes. Pragmatic randomized controlled trial of telephone counseling (n = 151) versus usual care (n = 151). Reported here are 18-month (end-of-intervention) and 24-month (maintenance) primary outcomes of weight, moderate-to-vigorous-intensity physical activity (MVPA via accelerometer), and HbA1c level. Secondary outcomes include dietary energy intake and diet quality, waist circumference, lipid levels, and blood pressure. Data were analyzed via adjusted linear mixed models with multiple imputation of missing data. Relative to usual-care participants, telephone counseling participants achieved modest, but significant, improvements in weight loss (relative rate [RR] −1.42% of baseline body weight [95% CI −2.54 to −0.30% of baseline body weight]), MVPA (RR 1.42 [95% CI 1.06–1.90]), diet quality (2.72 [95% CI 0.55–4.89]), and waist circumference (−1.84 cm [95% CI −3.16 to −0.51 cm]), but not in HbA1c level (RR 0.99 [95% CI 0.96–1.02]), or other cardio-metabolic markers. None of the outcomes showed a significant change/deterioration over the maintenance period. However, only the intervention effect for MVPA remained statistically significant at 24 months. The modest improvements in weight loss and behavior change, but the lack of changes in cardio-metabolic markers, may limit the utility, scalability, and sustainability of such an approach.

Television time and continuous metabolic risk in physically active adults

Publisher: Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)

Date: 04-2008

DOI: 10.1249/MSS.0B013E3181607421

Probing effective field theory operators in the associated production of top quarks with a Z boson in multilepton final states at $$ \sqrt{s} $$ = 13 TeV

Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC

Date: 12-2021

DOI: 10.1007/JHEP12(2021)083

Abstract: A search for new top quark interactions is performed within the framework of an effective field theory using the associated production of either one or two top quarks with a Z boson in multilepton final states. The data s le corresponds to an integrated luminosity of 138 fb − 1 of proton-proton collisions at $$ \\sqrt{s} $$ s = 13 TeV collected by the CMS experiment at the LHC. Five dimension-six operators modifying the electroweak interactions of the top quark are considered. Novel machine-learning techniques are used to enhance the sensitivity to effects arising from these operators. Distributions used for the signal extraction are parameterized in terms of Wilson coefficients describing the interaction strengths of the operators. All five Wilson coefficients are simultaneously fit to data and 95% confidence level intervals are computed. All results are consistent with the SM expectations.

Observation of tW production in the single-lepton channel in pp collisions at $$ \sqrt{s} $$ = 13 TeV

Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC

Date: 11-2021

DOI: 10.1007/JHEP11(2021)111

Abstract: A measurement of the cross section of the associated production of a single top quark and a W boson in final states with a muon or electron and jets in proton-proton collisions at $$ \\sqrt{s} $$ s = 13 TeV is presented. The data correspond to an integrated luminosity of 36 fb − 1 collected with the CMS detector at the CERN LHC in 2016. A boosted decision tree is used to separate the tW signal from the dominant t $$ \\overline{\\mathrm{t}} $$ t ¯ background, whilst the subleading W+jets and multijet backgrounds are constrained using data-based estimates. This result is the first observation of the tW process in final states containing a muon or electron and jets, with a significance exceeding 5 standard deviations. The cross section is determined to be 89 ± 4 (stat) ± 12 (syst) pb, consistent with the standard model.

Reducing occupational sedentary time: a systematic review and meta‐analysis of evidence on activity‐permissive workstations

Publisher: Wiley

Date: 11-07-2014

DOI: 10.1111/OBR.12201

Abstract: Excessive sedentary time is detrimentally linked to obesity, type 2 diabetes, cardiovascular disease and premature mortality. Studies have been investigating the use of activity-permissive workstations to reduce sedentary time in office workers, a highly sedentary target group. This review systematically summarizes the evidence for activity-permissive workstations on sedentary time, health-risk biomarkers, work performance and feasibility indicators in office workplaces. In July 2013, a literature search identified 38 relevant peer-reviewed publications. Key findings were independently extracted by two researchers. The average intervention effect on sedentary time was calculated via meta-analysis. In total, 984 participants across 19 field-based trials and 19 laboratory investigations were included, with s le sizes ranging from n = 2 to 66 per study. Sedentary time, health-risk biomarkers and work performance indicators were reported in 13, 23 and 23 studies, respectively. The pooled effect size from the meta-analysis was -77 min of sedentary time/8-h workday (95% confidence interval = -120, -35 min). Non-significant changes were reported for most health- and work-related outcomes. Studies with acceptability measures reported predominantly positive feedback. Findings suggest that activity-permissive workstations can be effective to reduce occupational sedentary time, without compromising work performance. Larger and longer-term randomized-controlled trials are needed to understand the sustainability of the sedentary time reductions and their longer-term impacts on health- and work-related outcomes.

Workplace Sitting Breaks Questionnaire (SITBRQ): an assessment of concurrent validity and test-retest reliability

Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC

Date: 12-2014

DOI: 10.1186/1471-2458-14-1249

Breaking up workplace sitting time with intermittent standing bouts improves fatigue and musculoskeletal discomfort in overweight/obese office workers

Publisher: BMJ

Date: 28-08-2014

DOI: 10.1136/OEMED-2014-102348

Abstract: To examine whether the introduction of intermittent standing bouts during the workday using a height-adjustable workstation can improve subjective levels of fatigue, musculoskeletal discomfort and work productivity relative to seated work. Overweight/obese office workers (n=23 age 48.2±7.9 years, body mass index 29.6±4 kg/m(2)) undertook two, 5-day experimental conditions in an equal, randomised (1:1) order. In a simulated office environment, participants performed their usual occupational tasks for 8 h/day in a: seated work posture (SIT condition) or interchanging between a standing and seated work posture every 30 min using an electric, height-adjustable workstation (STAND-SIT condition). Self-administered questionnaires measuring fatigue, musculoskeletal discomfort and work productivity were performed on day 5 of each experimental condition. Participants' total fatigue score was significantly higher during the SIT condition (mean 67.8 (95% CI 58.8 to 76.7)) compared with the STAND-SIT condition (52.7 (43.8 to 61.5) p<0.001). Lower back musculoskeletal discomfort was significantly reduced during the STAND-SIT condition compared with the SIT condition (31.8% reduction p=0.03). Despite concentration/focus being significantly higher during the SIT condition (p=0.006), there was a trend towards improved overall work productivity in favour of the STAND-SIT condition (p=0.053). Transitioning from a seated to a standing work posture every 30 min across the workday, relative to seated work, led to a significant reduction in fatigue levels and lower back discomfort in overweight/obese office workers, while maintaining work productivity. Future investigations should be directed at understanding whether sustained use of height-adjustable workstations promote concentration and productivity at work. ACTRN12611000632998.

Low Serum 25-Hydroxyvitamin D Is Associated with Increased Risk of the Development of the Metabolic Syndrome at Five Years: Results from a National, Population-Based Prospective Study (The Australian

Publisher: The Endocrine Society

Date: 06-2012

DOI: 10.1210/JC.2011-3187

Abstract: Serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D [25(OH)D] concentration has been inversely associated with the prevalence of metabolic syndrome (MetS), but the relationship between 25(OH)D and incident MetS remains unclear. We evaluated the prospective association between 25(OH)D, MetS, and its components in a large population-based cohort of adults aged 25 yr or older. We used baseline (1999-2000) and 5-yr follow-up data of the Australian Diabetes, Obesity, and Lifestyle Study (AusDiab). Of the 11,247 adults evaluated at baseline, 6,537 returned for follow-up. We studied those without MetS at baseline and with complete data (n = 4164 mean age 50 yr 58% women 92% Europids). We report the associations between baseline 25(OH)D and 5-yr MetS incidence and its components, adjusted for age, sex, ethnicity, season, latitude, smoking, family history of type 2 diabetes, physical activity, education, kidney function, waist circumference (WC), and baseline MetS components. A total of 528 incident cases (12.7%) of MetS developed over 5 yr. Compared with those in the highest quintile of 25(OH)D (≥34 ng/ml), MetS risk was significantly higher in people with 25(OH)D in the first (<18 ng/ml) and second (18-23 ng/ml) quintiles odds ratio (95% confidence interval) = 1.41 (1.02-1.95) and 1.74 (1.28-2.37), respectively. Serum 25(OH)D was inversely associated with 5-yr WC (P < 0.001), triglycerides (P < 0.01), fasting glucose (P < 0.01), and homeostasis model assessment for insulin resistance (P < 0.001) but not with 2-h plasma glucose (P = 0.29), high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (P = 0.70), or blood pressure (P = 0.46). In Australian adults, lower 25(OH)D concentrations were associated with increased MetS risk and higher WC, serum triglyceride, fasting glucose, and insulin resistance at 5 yr. Vitamin D supplementation studies are required to establish whether the link between vitamin D deficiency and MetS is causal.

Neighborhood Environmental Attributes and Adults’ Maintenance of Regular Walking

Publisher: Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)

Date: 06-2015

DOI: 10.1249/MSS.0000000000000528

Interacting effects of exercise with breaks in sitting time on cognitive and metabolic function in older adults: Rationale and design of a randomised crossover trial

Publisher: Elsevier BV

Date: 10-2018

DOI: 10.1016/J.MHPA.2018.05.003

Sensitivity to Change of Objectively-Derived Measures of Sedentary Behavior

Publisher: Informa UK Limited

Date: 03-07-2015

DOI: 10.1080/1091367X.2015.1050592

Measurement of the cross section for electroweak production of a Z boson, a photon and two jets in proton-proton collisions at $$ \sqrt{\mathrm{s}} $$ = 13 TeV and constraints on anomalous quartic cou

Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC

Date: 06-2020

DOI: 10.1007/JHEP06(2020)076

Adverse associations of car time with markers of cardio-metabolic risk

Publisher: Elsevier BV

Date: 02-2016

DOI: 10.1016/J.YPMED.2015.11.029

Total and domain‐specific sitting time among employees in desk‐based work settings in Australia

Publisher: Elsevier BV

Date: 06-2015

DOI: 10.1111/1753-6405.12293

Abstract: To describe the total and domain-specific daily sitting time among a s le of Australian office-based employees. In April 2010, paper-based surveys were provided to desk-based employees (n=801) in Victoria, Australia. Total daily and domain-specific (work, leisure-time and transport-related) sitting time (minutes/day) were assessed by validated questionnaires. Differences in sitting time were examined across socio-demographic (age, sex, occupational status) and lifestyle characteristics (physical activity levels, body mass index [BMI]) using multiple linear regression analyses. The median (95% confidence interval [CI]) of total daily sitting time was 540 (531-557) minutes/day. Insufficiently active adults (median=578 minutes/day, [95%CI: 564-602]), younger adults aged 18-29 years (median=561 minutes/day, [95%CI: 540-577]) reported the highest total daily sitting times. Occupational sitting time accounted for almost 60% of total daily sitting time. In multivariate analyses, total daily sitting time was negatively associated with age (unstandardised regression coefficient [B]=-1.58, p<0.001) and overall physical activity (minutes/week) (B=-0.03, p<0.001) and positively associated with BMI (B=1.53, p=0.038). Desk-based employees reported that more than half of their total daily sitting time was accrued in the work setting. Given the high contribution of occupational sitting to total daily sitting time among desk-based employees, interventions should focus on the work setting.

Measurements of the differential cross sections of the production of Z + jets and γ + jets and of Z boson emission collinear with a jet in pp collisions at $$ \sqrt{s} $$ = 13 TeV

Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC

Date: 05-2021

DOI: 10.1007/JHEP05(2021)285

Abstract: Measurements of the differential cross sections of Z + jets and γ + jets production, and their ratio, are presented as a function of the boson transverse momentum. Measurements are also presented of the angular distribution between the Z boson and the closest jet. The analysis is based on pp collisions at a center-of-mass energy of 13 TeV corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 35.9 fb − 1 recorded by the CMS experiment at the LHC. The results, corrected for detector effects, are compared with various theoretical predictions. In general, the predictions at higher orders in perturbation theory show better agreement with the measurements. This work provides the first measurement of the ratio of the differential cross sections of Z + jets and γ + jets production at 13 TeV, as well as the first direct measurement of Z bosons emitted collinearly with a jet.

First measurement of large area jet transverse momentum spectra in heavy-ion collisions

Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC

Date: 05-2021

DOI: 10.1007/JHEP05(2021)284

Abstract: Jet production in lead-lead (PbPb) and proton-proton (pp) collisions at a nucleon-nucleon center-of-mass energy of 5.02 TeV is studied with the CMS detector at the LHC, using PbPb and pp data s les corresponding to integrated luminosities of 404 μ b − 1 and 27.4 pb − 1 , respectively. Jets with different areas are reconstructed using the anti- k T algorithm by varying the distance parameter R . The measurements are performed using jets with transverse momenta ( p T ) greater than 200 GeV and in a pseudorapidity range of |η| 2. To reveal the medium modification of the jet spectra in PbPb collisions, the properly normalized ratio of spectra from PbPb and pp data is used to extract jet nuclear modification factors as functions of the PbPb collision centrality, p T and, for the first time, as a function of R up to 1.0. For the most central collisions, a strong suppression is observed for high- p T jets reconstructed with all distance parameters, implying that a significant amount of jet energy is scattered to large angles. The dependence of jet suppression on R is expected to be sensitive to both the jet energy loss mechanism and the medium response, and so the data are compared to several modern event generators and analytic calculations. The models considered do not fully reproduce the data.

Television viewing time and reduced life expectancy: a life table analysis

Publisher: BMJ

Date: 24-09-2012

DOI: 10.1136/BJSPORTS-2011-085662

Abstract: Prolonged television (TV) viewing time is unfavourably associated with mortality outcomes, particularly for cardiovascular disease, but the impact on life expectancy has not been quantified. The authors estimate the extent to which TV viewing time reduces life expectancy in Australia, 2008. The authors constructed a life table model that incorporates a previously reported mortality risk associated with TV time. Data were from the Australian Bureau of Statistics and the Australian Diabetes, Obesity and Lifestyle Study, a national population-based observational survey that started in 1999-2000. The authors modelled impacts of changes in population average TV viewing time on life expectancy at birth. The amount of TV viewed in Australia in 2008 reduced life expectancy at birth by 1.8 years (95% uncertainty interval (UI): 8.4 days to 3.7 years) for men and 1.5 years (95% UI: 6.8 days to 3.1 years) for women. Compared with persons who watch no TV, those who spend a lifetime average of 6 h/day watching TV can expect to live 4.8 years (95% UI: 11 days to 10.4 years) less. On average, every single hour of TV viewed after the age of 25 reduces the viewer's life expectancy by 21.8 (95% UI: 0.3-44.7) min. This study is limited by the low precision with which the relationship between TV viewing time and mortality is currently known. TV viewing time may be associated with a loss of life that is comparable to other major chronic disease risk factors such as physical inactivity and obesity.

Is television viewing time a marker of a broader pattern of sedentary behavior?

Publisher: Oxford University Press (OUP)

Date: 21-03-2008

DOI: 10.1007/S12160-008-9017-Z

Abstract: Television (TV) viewing time is associated with abnormal glucose metabolism, the metabolic syndrome, and risk of type 2 diabetes associations are stronger and more consistent in women. One explanation of this difference may be that TV viewing is a marker of an overall pattern of sedentary behavior in women. We sought to examine associations of TV viewing time with other sedentary behaviors and with leisure-time physical activity in a large s le of Australian adults. Adults aged between 20 and 65 years (n = 2,046) completed a self-administered questionnaire on TV viewing, five other leisure-time sedentary behaviors, and leisure-time physical activity. Mean adjusted time spent in other sedentary behaviors and in physical activity was compared across TV-time categories previously shown to be associated with abnormal glucose metabolism. After adjustment for body mass index and socio-demographic variables, women's time spent watching TV was associated positively with time in other sedentary behaviors and negatively with leisure-time physical activity, but no such associations were observed in men. TV viewing time may be a robust marker of a sedentary lifestyle in women but not in men. Gender differences in the pattern of sedentary behaviors may explain at least in part the gender differences in the previously reported associations of TV viewing time with biological attributes related to type 2 diabetes.

Identification of heavy, energetic, hadronically decaying particles using machine-learning techniques

Publisher: IOP Publishing

Date: 03-06-2020

DOI: 10.1088/1748-0221/15/06/P06005

Measurements with silicon photomultipliers of dose-rate effects in the radiation damage of plastic scintillator tiles in the CMS hadron endcap calorimeter

Publisher: IOP Publishing

Date: 08-06-2020

DOI: 10.1088/1748-0221/15/06/P06009

Abstract: Measurements are presented of the reduction of signal output due to radiation damage for two types of plastic scintillator tiles used in the hadron endcap (HE) calorimeter of the CMS detector. The tiles were exposed to particles produced in proton-proton (pp) collisions at the CERN LHC with a center-of-mass energy of 13 TeV, corresponding to a delivered luminosity of 50 fb −1 . The measurements are based on readout channels of the HE that were instrumented with silicon photomultipliers, and are derived using data from several sources: a laser calibration system, a movable radioactive source, as well as hadrons and muons produced in pp collisions. Results from several irradiation c aigns using 60 Co sources are also discussed. The damage is presented as a function of dose rate. Within the range of these measurements, for a fixed dose the damage increases with decreasing dose rate.

Comparing 24 h physical activity profiles: Office workers, women with a history of gestational diabetes and people with chronic disease condition(s)

Publisher: Informa UK Limited

Date: 25-08-2020

DOI: 10.1080/02640414.2020.1812202

Exercise and T2DM—move muscles more often!

Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC

Date: 23-03-2011

DOI: 10.1038/NRENDO.2011.35

Physical Activity, Television Viewing Time, and Retinal Vascular Caliber

Publisher: Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)

Date: 02-2011

DOI: 10.1249/MSS.0B013E3181EA0F0D

Reconstruction of signal amplitudes in the CMS electromagnetic calorimeter in the presence of overlapping proton-proton interactions

Publisher: IOP Publishing

Date: 10-2020

DOI: 10.1088/1748-0221/15/10/P10002

Search for supersymmetry in final states with two oppositely charged same-flavor leptons and missing transverse momentum in proton-proton collisions at $$ \sqrt{s} $$ = 13 TeV

Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC

Date: 04-2021

DOI: 10.1007/JHEP04(2021)123

Abstract: A search for phenomena beyond the standard model in final states with two oppositely charged same-flavor leptons and missing transverse momentum is presented. The search uses a data s le of proton-proton collisions at $$ \\sqrt{s} $$ s = 13 TeV, corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 137 fb − 1 , collected by the CMS experiment at the LHC. Three potential signatures of physics beyond the standard model are explored: an excess of events with a lepton pair, whose invariant mass is consistent with the Z boson mass a kinematic edge in the invariant mass distribution of the lepton pair and the nonresonant production of two leptons. The observed event yields are consistent with those expected from standard model backgrounds. The results of the first search allow the exclusion of gluino masses up to 1870 GeV, as well as chargino (neutralino) masses up to 750 (800) GeV, while those of the searches for the other two signatures allow the exclusion of light-flavor (bottom) squark masses up to 1800 (1600) GeV and slepton masses up to 700 GeV, respectively, at 95% confidence level within certain supersymmetry scenarios.

Abdominal obesity, TV-viewing time and prospective declines in physical activity

Publisher: Elsevier BV

Date: 10-2011

DOI: 10.1016/J.YPMED.2011.07.012

Abstract: To examine the prospective associations of baseline abdominal obesity and TV-viewing time with five-year reductions in leisure-time physical activity level. We used data from the Australian Diabetes, Obesity and Lifestyle Study (AusDiab), a nationally representative population-based cohort study with measures collected in 1999-2000 and 2004-2005. Abdominal obesity was determined by waist circumference and TV-viewing time and physical activity level were assessed using established interviewer-administered questionnaires. Among 2,191 men and 2,650 women aged ≥ 25years, odds ratios (ORs) of 5-year reductions from sufficient to insufficient or no physical activity, and from insufficient to no physical activity were estimated with logistic regression. We adjusted for sociodemographic characteristics. The odds of reducing physical levels from baseline to the follow-up survey for obese men (34.2%) and women (38.1%), respectively were 1.40 (1.10-1.79) and 1.44 (1.16-1.80), compared to those with a normal waist circumference. Women, but not men, with higher levels of TV-viewing time had higher odds of reducing physical activity levels (8.6% OR 1.46 1.01-2.11), independent of abdominal obesity. These findings suggest that abdominal obesity is associated with prospective reductions in physical activity level, and that high levels of TV-viewing time might have an additional adverse influence for women.

Hard color-singlet exchange in dijet events in proton-proton collisions at s=

Publisher: American Physical Society (APS)

Date: 26-08-2021

DOI: 10.1103/PHYSREVD.104.032009

Objectively measured sedentary time and associations with insulin sensitivity: Importance of reallocating sedentary time to physical activity

Publisher: Elsevier BV

Date: 07-2015

DOI: 10.1016/J.YPMED.2015.04.005

Abstract: The aim of this study is to quantify associations between objectively measured sedentary time and markers of insulin sensitivity by considering allocation into light-intensity physical activity or moderate- to vigorous-intensity physical activity (MVPA). Participants with an increased risk of impaired glucose regulation (IGR) were recruited (Leicestershire, United Kingdom, 2010-2011). Sedentary, light-intensity physical activity and MVPA time were measured using accelerometers. Fasting and 2-hour post-challenge insulin and glucose were assessed insulin sensitivity was calculated by HOMA-IS and Matsuda-ISI. Isotemporal substitution regression models were used. Data were analysed in 2014. 508 participants were included (average age=65years, female=34%). Reallocating 30min of sedentary time into light-intensity physical activity was associated a 5% (95% CI 1, 9% p=0.024) difference in Matsuda-ISI after adjustment for measured confounding variables. Reallocation into MVPA was associated with a 15% (7, 25% p<0.001) difference in HOMA-IS and 18% (8, 28% p<0.001) difference in Matsuda-ISI. Results for light-intensity physical activity were modified by IGR status with stronger associations seen in those with IGR. Reallocating sedentary time into light-intensity physical activity or MVPA was associated with differences in insulin sensitivity, with stronger and more consistent associations seen for MVPA.

Foot complications in Type 2 diabetes: an Australian population‐based study

Publisher: Wiley

Date: 02-2003

DOI: 10.1046/J.1464-5491.2003.00881.X

Abstract: To determine the prevalence and risk factors for neuropathy and peripheral vascular disease (PVD) in the Australian diabetic population and identify those at high risk of foot ulceration. The Australian Diabetes Obesity and Lifestyle study included 11 247 adults aged >or= 25 years in 42 randomly selected areas of Australia. Neuropathy and PVD were assessed in participants identified as having diabetes (based on self report and oral glucose tolerance test), impaired fasting glucose, impaired glucose tolerance and in a random s le with normal glucose tolerance (total n = 2436). The prevalence of peripheral neuropathy was 13.1% in those with known diabetes (KDM) and 7.1% in those with newly diagnosed (NDM). The prevalence of PVD was 13.9% in KDM and 6.9% in NDM. Of those with diabetes, 19.6% were at risk of foot ulceration. Independent risk factors for peripheral neuropathy were diabetes duration (odds ratio (95% CI) 1.73 (1.33-2.28) per 10 years), height (1.42 (1.08-1.88) per 10 cm), age (2.57 (1.94-3.40) per 10 years) and uric acid (1.59 (1.21-2.09) per 0.1 mmol/l). Risk factors for PVD were diabetes duration (1.64 (1.25-2.16) per 10 years), age (2.45 (1.86-3.22) per 10 years), smoking (2.07 (1.00-4.28)), uric acid (1.03 (1.00-1.06) per 0.1 mmol/l) and urinary albumin/creatinine ratio (1.11 (1.01-1.21) per 1 mg/mmol). The prevalence of neuropathy and PVD was lower in this population than has been reported in other populations. This may reflect differences in s ling methods between community and hospital-based populations. Nevertheless, a substantial proportion of the diabetic population had risk factors for foot ulceration.

Measurement of the inclusive and differential t$$ \overline{t} $$γ cross sections in the single-lepton channel and EFT interpretation at $$ \sqrt{s} $$ = 13 TeV

Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC

Date: 12-2021

DOI: 10.1007/JHEP12(2021)180

Abstract: The production cross section of a top quark pair in association with a photon is measured in proton-proton collisions at a center-of-mass energy of 13 TeV. The data set, corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 137 fb − 1 , was recorded by the CMS experiment during the 2016–2018 data taking of the LHC. The measurements are performed in a fiducial volume defined at the particle level. Events with an isolated, highly energetic lepton, at least three jets from the hadronization of quarks, among which at least one is b tagged, and one isolated photon are selected. The inclusive fiducial t $$ \overline{\mathrm{t}} $$ t ¯ γ cross section, for a photon with transverse momentum greater than 20 GeV and pseudorapidity |η| 1 . 4442, is measured to be 798 ± 7(stat) ± 48(syst) fb, in good agreement with the prediction from the standard model at next-to-leading order in quantum chromodynamics. The differential cross sections are also measured as a function of several kinematic observables and interpreted in the framework of the standard model effective field theory (EFT), leading to the most stringent direct limits to date on anomalous electromagnetic dipole moment interactions of the top quark and the photon.

Is the relationship between sedentary behaviour and cardiometabolic health in adolescents independent of dietary intake? A systematic review

Publisher: Wiley

Date: 22-06-2015

DOI: 10.1111/OBR.12302

Associations of Low- and High-Intensity Light Activity with Cardiometabolic Biomarkers

Publisher: Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)

Date: 10-2015

DOI: 10.1249/MSS.0000000000000631

Don't take cancer sitting down: A new survivorship research agenda

Publisher: Wiley

Date: 15-03-2013

DOI: 10.1002/CNCR.28028

Abstract: Cancer survival is associated with considerable physical and psychosocial burden. Broadly accessible, nonpharmacologic measures that may extend disease-free survival, limit comorbid disease, and enhance quality of life are required. Sedentary behavior (too much sitting) is now understood to be a health risk that is additional to, and distinct from, the hazards of too little exercise. Of particular note, it is associated with adiposity, insulin resistance, and markers of inflammation. Therefore, it is plausible that sedentary behavior may contribute to adverse cancer outcomes (disease progression, recurrence, or death) and to the development of comorbid chronic disease. Initial studies indicate that cancer survivors spend two-thirds of their waking hours sitting. Among colorectal cancer survivors, sedentary behavior may contribute to all-cause and disease-specific mortality, weight gain, comorbid cardiovascular disease, and diminished quality of life. There is a need for dose-response evidence, and for a broader understanding of the underlying mechanisms by which prolonged sitting time may affect cancer survivors' health.

Performance of the CMS Level-1 trigger in proton-proton collisions at √s = 13 TeV

Publisher: IOP Publishing

Date: 19-10-2020

DOI: 10.1088/1748-0221/15/10/P10017

Television viewing time and mortality: The australian diabetes, obesity and lifestyle study (ausdiab)

Publisher: Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)

Date: 26-01-2010

DOI: 10.1161/CIRCULATIONAHA.109.894824

Abstract: Background— Television viewing time, the predominant leisure-time sedentary behavior, is associated with biomarkers of cardiometabolic risk, but its relationship with mortality has not been studied. We examined the associations of prolonged television viewing time with all-cause, cardiovascular disease (CVD), cancer, and non-CVD/noncancer mortality in Australian adults. Methods and Results— Television viewing time in relation to subsequent all-cause, CVD, and cancer mortality (median follow-up, 6.6 years) was examined among 8800 adults ≥25 years of age in the Australian Diabetes, Obesity and Lifestyle Study (AusDiab). During 58 087 person-years of follow-up, there were 284 deaths (87 CVD deaths, 125 cancer deaths). After adjustment for age, sex, waist circumference, and exercise, the hazard ratios for each 1-hour increment in television viewing time per day were 1.11 (95% confidence interval [CI], 1.03 to 1.20) for all-cause mortality, 1.18 (95% CI, 1.03 to 1.35) for CVD mortality, and 1.09 (95% CI, 0.96 to 1.23) for cancer mortality. Compared with a television viewing time of h/d, the fully adjusted hazard ratios for all-cause mortality were 1.13 (95% CI, 0.87 to 1.36) for ≥2 to h/d and 1.46 (95% CI, 1.04 to 2.05) for ≥4 h/d. For CVD mortality, corresponding hazard ratios were 1.19 (95% CI, 0.72 to 1.99) and 1.80 (95% CI, 1.00 to 3.25). The associations with both cancer mortality and non-CVD/noncancer mortality were not significant. Conclusions— Television viewing time was associated with increased risk of all-cause and CVD mortality. In addition to the promotion of exercise, chronic disease prevention strategies could focus on reducing sitting time, particularly prolonged television viewing.

Reply to AM Bernstein et al

Publisher: Elsevier BV

Date: 06-2014

DOI: 10.3945/AJCN.114.086454

Managing sedentary behavior to reduce the risk of diabetes and cardiovascular disease

Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC

Date: 23-07-2014

DOI: 10.1007/S11892-014-0522-0

Abstract: Modern human environments are vastly different from those of our forebears. Rapidly advancing technology in transportation, communications, workplaces, and home entertainment confer a wealth of benefits, but increasingly come with costs to human health. Sedentary behavior-too much sitting as distinct from too little physical activity-contributes adversely to cardiometabolic health outcomes and premature mortality. Findings from observational epidemiology have been synthesized in meta-analyses, and evidence is now shifting into the realm of experimental trials with the aim of identifying novel mechanisms and potential causal relationships. We discuss recent observational and experimental evidence that makes a compelling case for reducing and breaking up prolonged sitting time in both the primary prevention and disease management contexts. We also highlight future research needs, the opportunities for developing targeted interventions, and the potential of population-wide initiatives designed to address too much sitting as a health risk.

Neighborhood Walkability and TV Viewing Time Among Australian Adults

Publisher: Elsevier BV

Date: 12-2007

DOI: 10.1016/J.AMEPRE.2007.07.035

Abstract: Built-environment attributes of a neighborhood are associated with participation in physical activity and may also influence time spent in sedentary behaviors. Associations of neighborhood walkability (based on dwelling density, street connectivity, land-use mix, and net retail area) and television viewing time were compared in a large, spatially-derived s le of Australian adults. Neighborhood-level variables (walkability and socioeconomic status [SES]) were calculated in 154 Australian census collection districts using Geographic Information Systems. In idual-level variables (TV viewing time, time spent in leisure-time physical activity, height, weight, and sociodemographic variables) were collected from adults living in urban areas of Adelaide, Australia using a mail survey (N=2224) in 2003-2004. Multilevel linear regression analysis was conducted in 2006 separately for men and women to examine variations in TV viewing time across tertiles of walkability. Neighborhood walkability was negatively associated with TV viewing time in women, but not in men. After controlling for neighborhood SES, body mass index, physical activity, and sociodemographic variables, women living in medium- and high-walkable neighborhoods reported significantly less TV viewing time per day (14 minutes and 17 minutes, respectively) compared to those residing in low-walkable neighborhoods. Built-environment attributes of neighborhoods that are related to physical activity also may play an important role in influencing sedentary behavior, particularly among women. Considering the effects of prolonged sedentary time on health risks, which are independent of physical activity, there is the need for further research to explore how environmental characteristics may contribute to the amount of time spent in sedentary behavior.

Association between hyperglycaemia and fracture risk in non-diabetic middle-aged and older Australians: a national, population-based prospective study (AusDiab)

Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC

Date: 20-03-2010

DOI: 10.1007/S00198-009-1164-Y

Abstract: The association between pre-diabetes and fracture risk remains unclear. In this large cohort of middle-aged and older Australian men and women without diabetes, elevated 2-h plasma glucose and pre-diabetes were associated with a reduced 5-year risk of low trauma and all fractures in women, independently of BMI, fasting insulin and other lifestyle factors. We aimed to (1) examine associations between fasting and 2-h plasma glucose (FPG and 2-h PG), fasting insulin and risk of low trauma and all fractures in non-diabetic adults and (2) compare fracture risk between adults with pre-diabetes (impaired glucose tolerance or impaired fasting glucose) and those with normal glucose tolerance (NGT). Six thousand two hundred fifty-five non-diabetic men and women aged ≥40 years with NGT (n = 4,855) and pre-diabetes (n = 1,400) were followed for 5 years in the AusDiab Study. Fractures were self-reported. Five hundred thirty-nine participants suffered at least one fracture (368 women, 171 men), of which the majority (318) occurred after a low-energy trauma (258 women, 60 men). In women, a 2-h PG ≥ 7.2 mmol/L (highest quartile) was associated with a decreased risk of low trauma and all fractures independent of age and BMI [OR (95% CI) for low trauma fractures, 0.59 (0.40-0.88)], but also fasting insulin, smoking, physical activity, history of fracture, dietary calcium and alcohol intake or menopausal status. There was no effect of 2-h PG on fracture risk in men [OR (95% CI), 1.39 (0.60-3.26)] or any relationship between fracture risk and quartiles of FPG or insulin in either sex. Compared to women with NGT, those with pre-diabetes had a reduced risk of fracture [OR (95% CI) for all fractures, 0.70 (0.52-0.95) for low trauma fractures, 0.75 (0.53-1.05)]. Elevated 2-h PG levels and pre-diabetes were inversely associated with low trauma and/or all fractures in non-diabetic women, independent of BMI and fasting insulin levels.

The battle against obesity-attacking physical inactivity as a primary means of defense

Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC

Date: 29-07-2008

DOI: 10.1038/NCPENDMET0918

Does an ‘Activity-Permissive’ Workplace Change Office Workers’ Sitting and Activity Time?

Publisher: Public Library of Science (PLoS)

Date: 02-10-2013

DOI: 10.1371/JOURNAL.PONE.0076723

Are barriers to physical activity similar for adults with and without abnormal glucose metabolism?

Publisher: SAGE Publications

Date: 05-2010

DOI: 10.1177/0145721710368326

Abstract: Purpose The purpose of this study was to examine perceived barriers to physical activity among adults with and without abnormal glucose metabolism (AGM), and whether barriers varied according to physical activity status. Methods The 1999 to 2000 Australian Diabetes, Obesity, and Lifestyle Study (AusDiab) was a population-based cross-sectional study among adults aged ≥25 years. AGM was identified through an oral glucose tolerance test. The previous week’s physical activity and in idual, social, and environmental barriers to physical activity were self-reported. Logistic regression analyses examined differences in barriers to physical activity between those with and without AGM, and for those with and without AGM who did and did not meet the minimum recommendation of 150 minutes/week of moderate-to-vigorous intensity physical activity. Results Of the 7088 participants (47.5 ± 12.7 years 46% male), 18.5% had AGM. Approximately 47.5% of those with AGM met the physical activity recommendation, compared to 54.7% of those without AGM (P .001). Key barriers to physical activity included lack of time, other priorities, and being tired. Following adjustment for sociodemographic and behavioral factors, there were few differences in barriers to physical activity between those with and without AGM, even after stratifying according to physical activity. Conclusions Adults with AGM report similar barriers to physical activity, as do those without AGM. Programs for those with AGM can therefore focus on the known generic adult-reported barriers to physical activity.

Physical Activity, Television Viewing Time, and Retinal Microvascular Caliber: The Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis

Publisher: Oxford University Press (OUP)

Date: 07-02-2011

DOI: 10.1093/AJE/KWQ412

Constraints on the Initial State of Pb-Pb Collisions via Measurements of Z -Boson Yields and Azim

Publisher: American Physical Society (APS)

Date: 31-08-2021

DOI: 10.1103/PHYSREVLETT.127.102002

Physical activity, family history of diabetes and risk of developing hyperglycaemia and diabetes among adults in Mainland China

Publisher: Wiley

Date: 16-04-2012

DOI: 10.1111/J.1464-5491.2011.03495.X

Abstract: To investigate the joint influence of physical activity and family history of diabetes on the subsequent risk of developing hyperglycaemia and Type 2 diabetes among Chinese adults. A prospective community-based cohort study was conducted among adults aged 35 years and older during 2004-2007 in Nanjing, China. Four communities (three urban and one rural) were randomly selected from 11 urban districts and two rural counties. Hyperglycaemia and Type 2 diabetes were defined using World Health Organization criteria based on fasting blood glucose concentration and physicians' diagnosis, respectively. Physical activity, parental diabetes history, and other important covariates were assessed at baseline and in the third-year follow-up survey. At study conclusion data were collected from 3031 participants (follow-up rate 81.3%). The 3-year cumulative incidence of hyperglycaemia and Type 2 diabetes was 6.2% and 2.4%, respectively. After adjustment for potential confounding variables, compared with those with positive family history and insufficient physical activity, the adjusted relative risk ratio (95% CI) of developing hyperglycaemia was 0.19 (0.02, 1.51) for participants with sufficient physical activity and a positive family history 0.55 (0.31, 0.97) for participants with insufficient physical activity and a negative family history and 0.36 (0.19, 0.70) for participants with sufficient physical activity but a negative family history. Participants who had a negative family history and insufficient physical activity were also less likely to develop Type 2 diabetes (RRR = 0.28 0.14, 0.54), and participants with a negative family history and sufficient physical activity were the least likely to develop Type 2 diabetes (0.23 0.10, 0.56). Sufficient physical activity and negative family history of diabetes may jointly reduce the risk of developing hyperglycaemia and Type 2 diabetes in Chinese adults.

Screen-Based Entertainment Time, All-Cause Mortality, and Cardiovascular Events

Publisher: Elsevier BV

Date: 2011

DOI: 10.1016/J.JACC.2010.05.065

Abstract: The aim of this study was to examine the independent relationships of television viewing or other screen-based entertainment ("screen time") with all-cause mortality and clinically confirmed cardiovascular disease (CVD) events. A secondary objective was to examine the extent to which metabolic (body mass index, high-density lipoprotein and total cholesterol) and inflammatory (C-reactive protein) markers mediate the relationship between screen time and CVD events. Although some evidence suggests that prolonged sitting is linked to CVD risk factor development regardless of physical activity participation, studies with hard outcomes are scarce. A population s le of 4,512 (1,945 men) Scottish Health Survey 2003 respondents (≥35 years) were followed up to 2007 for all-cause mortality and CVD events (fatal and nonfatal combined). Main exposures were interviewer-assessed screen time (<2 h/day 2 to <4 h/day and ≥4 h/day) and moderate to vigorous intensity physical activity. Two hundred fifteen CVD events and 325 any-cause deaths occurred during 19,364 follow-up person-years. The covariable (age, sex, ethnicity, obesity, smoking, social class, long-standing illness, marital status, diabetes, hypertension)-adjusted hazard ratio (HR) for all-cause mortality was 1.52 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.06 to 2.16) and for CVD events was 2.30 (95% CI: 1.33 to 3.96) for participants engaging in ≥4 h/day of screen time relative to <2 h/day. Adjusting for physical activity attenuated these associations only slightly (all-cause mortality: HR: 1.48, 95% CI: 1.04 to 2.13 CVD events: HR: 2.25, 95% CI: 1.30 to 3.89). Exclusion of participants with CVD events in the first 2 years of follow-up and previous cancer registrations did not change these results appreciably. Approximately 25% of the association between screen time and CVD events was explained collectively by C-reactive protein, body mass index, and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol. Recreational sitting, as reflected by television/screen viewing time, is related to raised mortality and CVD risk regardless of physical activity participation. Inflammatory and metabolic risk factors partly explain this relationship.

Supporting Workers to Sit Less and Move More Through the Web-Based BeUpstanding Program: Protocol for a Single-Arm, Repeated Measures Implementation Study

Publisher: JMIR Publications Inc.

Date: 04-05-2020

DOI: 10.2196/15756

Abstract: The web-based BeUpstanding Ch ion Toolkit was developed to support work teams in addressing the emergent work health and safety issue of excessive sitting. It provides a step-by-step guide and associated resources that equip a workplace representative—the ch ion—to adopt and deliver the 8-week intervention program (BeUpstanding) to their work team. The evidence-informed program is designed to raise awareness of the benefits of sitting less and moving more, build a supportive culture for change, and encourage staff to take action to achieve this change. Work teams collectively choose the strategies they want to implement and promote to stand up, sit less, and move more, with this bespoke and participative approach ensuring the strategies are aligned with the team’s needs and existing culture. BeUpstanding has been iteratively developed and optimized through a multiphase process to ensure that it is fit for purpose for wide-scale implementation. The study aimed to describe the current version of BeUpstanding, and the methods and protocol for a national implementation trial. The trial will be conducted in collaboration with five Australian workplace health and safety policy and practice partners. Desk-based work teams from a variety of industries will be recruited from across Australia via partner-led referral pathways. Recruitment will target sectors (small business, rural or regional, call center, blue collar, and government) that are of priority to the policy and practice partners. A minimum of 50 work teams will be recruited per priority sector with a minimum of 10,000 employees exposed to the program. A single-arm, repeated-measures design will assess the short-term (end of program) and long-term (9 months postprogram) impacts. Data will be collected on the web via surveys and toolkit analytics and by the research team via telephone calls with ch ions. The Reach, Effectiveness, Adoption, Implementation, and Maintenance Framework will guide the evaluation, with assessment of the adoption/reach of the program (the number and characteristics of work teams and participating staff), program implementation (completion by the ch ion of core program components), effectiveness (on workplace sitting, standing, and moving), and maintenance (sustainability of changes). There will be an economic evaluation of the costs and outcomes of scaling up to national implementation, including intervention affordability and sustainability. The study received funding in June 2018 and the original protocol was approved by institutional review board on January 9, 2017, with national implementation trial consent and protocol amendment approved March 12, 2019. The trial started on June 12, 2019, with 48 teams recruited as of December 2019. The implementation and multimethod evaluation of BeUpstanding will provide the practice-based evidence needed for informing the potential broader dissemination of the program. Australian New Zealand Clinical Trials Registry ACTRN12617000682347 www.anzctr.org.au/Trial/Registration/TrialReview.aspx?id=372843& isReview=true. DERR1-10.2196/15756

Smartphone-Based Interventions to Reduce Sedentary Behavior and Promote Physical Activity Using Integrated Dynamic Models: Systematic Review (Preprint)

Publisher: JMIR Publications Inc.

Date: 07-12-2020

DOI: 10.2196/PREPRINTS.26315

Abstract: raditional psychological theories are inadequate to fully leverage the potential of smartphones and improve the effectiveness of physical activity (PA) and sedentary behavior (SB) change interventions. Future interventions need to consider dynamic models taken from other disciplines, such as engineering (eg, control systems). The extent to which such dynamic models have been incorporated in the development of interventions for PA and SB remains unclear. his review aims to quantify the number of studies that have used dynamic models to develop smartphone-based interventions to promote PA and reduce SB, describe their features, and evaluate their effectiveness where possible. atabases including PubMed, PsycINFO, IEEE Xplore, Cochrane, and Scopus were searched from inception to May 15, 2019, using terms related to mobile health, dynamic models, SB, and PA. The included studies involved the following: PA or SB interventions involving human adults either developed or evaluated integrated psychological theory with dynamic theories used smartphones for the intervention delivery the interventions were adaptive or just-in-time adaptive included randomized controlled trials (RCTs), pilot RCTs, quasi-experimental, and pre-post study designs and were published from 2000 onward. Outcomes included general characteristics, dynamic models, theory or construct integration, and measured SB and PA behaviors. Data were synthesized narratively. There was limited scope for meta-analysis because of the variability in the study results. total of 1087 publications were screened, with 11 publications describing 8 studies included in the review. All studies targeted PA 4 also included SB. Social cognitive theory was the major psychological theory upon which the studies were based. Behavioral intervention technology, control systems, computational agent model, exploit-explore strategy, behavioral analytic algorithm, and dynamic decision network were the dynamic models used in the included studies. The effectiveness of quasi-experimental studies involved reduced SB (1 study i P /i =.08), increased light PA (1 study i P /i =.002), walking steps (2 studies i P /i =.06 and i P /i & .001), walking time (1 study i P /i =.02), moderate-to-vigorous PA (2 studies i P /i =.08 and i P /i =.81), and nonwalking exercise time (1 study i P /i =.31). RCT studies showed increased walking steps (1 study i P /i =.003) and walking time (1 study i P /i =.06). To measure activity, 5 studies used built-in smartphone sensors (ie, accelerometers), 3 of which used the phone’s GPS, and 3 studies used wearable activity trackers. o our knowledge, this is the first systematic review to report on smartphone-based studies to reduce SB and promote PA with a focus on integrated dynamic models. These findings highlight the scarcity of dynamic model–based smartphone studies to reduce SB or promote PA. The limited number of studies that incorporate these models shows promising findings. Future research is required to assess the effectiveness of dynamic models in promoting PA and reducing SB. nternational Prospective Register of Systematic Reviews (PROSPERO) CRD42020139350 www.crd.york.ac.uk/PROSPERO/display_record.php?RecordID=139350.

Physical inactivity and chronic kidney disease in Australian adults: The AusDiab study

Publisher: Elsevier BV

Date: 02-2011

DOI: 10.1016/J.NUMECD.2009.08.010

Abstract: Physical inactivity is associated with cardiovascular risk however its relationship to chronic kidney disease is largely unknown. We examined the association between leisure-time physical activity and risk of chronic kidney disease in a prospective, population-based cohort of Australians aged ≥ 25 years (AusDiab). The baseline s le included 10,966 adults (4951 males and 6015 females). From this s le, 6318 participants with complete baseline and 5-year follow-up urinalysis and serum creatinine measurements formed the study population for longitudinal analysis. Self-reported leisure-time physical activity was measured using a validated, interviewer-administered questionnaire. Compared with sufficiently active in iduals (≥ 150 min physical activity per week), those who were inactive (0 min/week) were more likely to have albuminuria at baseline (multivariate-adjusted OR=1.34, 95% CI 1.10-1.63). Inactivity (versus sufficient physical activity) was associated with increased age- and sex-adjusted odds of an estimated glomerular filtration rate <3rd percentile (OR=1.30, 95% CI 1.02-1.65), although this was not significant after multivariate adjustment (OR=1.17, 95% CI 0.91-1.50). Obese, inactive in iduals were significantly more likely to have albuminuria at baseline (multivariate-adjusted OR=1.74, 95% CI 1.35-2.25), compared with sufficiently active, non-obese in iduals. Baseline physical activity status was not significantly associated with longitudinal outcomes. Physical inactivity is cross-sectionally associated with albuminuria prevalence, particularly when combined with obesity. Future studies are needed to determine whether this association is causal and the importance of physical activity in CKD prevention.

Differences in height explain gender differences in the response to the oral glucose tolerance test - The AusDiab study

Publisher: Wiley

Date: 27-02-2008

DOI: 10.1111/J.1464-5491.2007.02362.X

Abstract: To determine the extent of gender-related differences in the prevalence of glucose intolerance for the Australian population and whether body size may explain such differences. Cross-sectional data were collected from a national cohort of 11 247 Australians aged > or = 25 years. Glucose tolerance status was assessed according to both fasting plasma glucose (FPG) and 2-h plasma glucose (2hPG) levels following a 75-g oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT). Anthropometric and glycated haemoglobin measurements were also made. Undiagnosed diabetes and non-diabetic glucose abnormalities were more prevalent among men than women when based only on the FPG results (diabetes: men 2.2%, women 1.6%, P = 0.02 impaired fasting glycaemia: men 12.3%, women 6.6%, P < 0.001). In contrast 16.0% of women and 13.0% of men had a 2hPG abnormality (either diabetes or impaired glucose tolerance, P = 0.14). Women had a mean FPG 0.3 mmol/l lower than men (P < 0.001), but 2hPG 0.3 mmol/l higher (P = 0.002) and FPG-2hPG increment 0.5 mmol/l greater (P < 0.001). The gender difference in mean 2hPG and FPG-2hPG increment disappeared following adjustment for height. For both genders, those in the shortest height quartile had 2hPG levels 0.5 mmol/l higher than the tallest quartile, but height showed almost no relationship with the FPG. Men and women had different glycaemic profiles women had higher mean 2hPG levels, despite lower fasting levels. It appeared that the higher 2hPG levels for women related to lesser height and may be a consequence of using a fixed glucose load in the OGTT, irrespective of body size.

Evaluation of a resistance training program for adults with or at risk of developing diabetes: an effectiveness study in a community setting

Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC

Date: 25-05-2011

DOI: 10.1186/1479-5868-8-50

Abstract: To examine the effects of a community-based resistance training program (Lift for Life ® ) on waist circumference and functional measures in adults with or at risk of developing type 2 diabetes. Lift for Life is a research-to-practice initiative designed to disseminate an evidence-based resistance training program for adults with or at risk of developing type 2 diabetes to existing health and fitness facilities in the Australian community. A retrospective assessment was undertaken on 86 participants who had accessed the program within 4 active providers in Melbourne, Australia. The primary goal of this longitudinal study was to assess the effectiveness of a community-based resistance training program, thereby precluding a randomized, controlled study design. Waist circumference, lower body (chair sit-to-stand) and upper body (arm curl test) strength, and agility (timed up-and-go) measures were collected at baseline and repeated at 2 months (n = 86) and again at 6 months (n = 32). Relative to baseline, there was a significant decrease in mean waist circumference (-1.9 cm, 95% CI: -2.8 to -1.0) and the timed agility test (-0.8 secs, 95% CI: -1.0 to -0.6) and significant increases in lower body (number of repetitions: 2.2, 95% CI: 1.4-3.0) and upper body (number of repetitions: 3.8, 95% CI: 3.0-4.6) strength at the completion of 8 weeks. Significant differences remained at the 16 week assessment. Pooled time series regression analyses adjusted for age and sex in the 32 participants who had complete measures at baseline and 24-week follow-up revealed significant time effects for waist circumference and functional measures, with the greatest change from baseline observed at the 24-week assessment. These findings indicate that an evidence-based resistance training program administered in the community setting for those with or at risk of developing type 2 diabetes, can lead to favorable health benefits, including reductions in central obesity and improved physical function.

Too little exercise and too much sitting: Inactivity physiology and the need for new recommendations on sedentary behavior

Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC

Date: 07-2008

DOI: 10.1007/S12170-008-0054-8

Evidence for Top Quark Production in Nucleus-Nucleus Collisions

Publisher: American Physical Society (APS)

Date: 24-11-2020

DOI: 10.1103/PHYSREVLETT.125.222001

Adoption and maintenance of gym-based strength training in the community setting in adults with excess weight or type 2 diabetes: a randomized controlled trial

Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC

Date: 25-08-2015

DOI: 10.1186/S12966-015-0266-5

Passive and mentally-active sedentary behaviors and incident major depressive disorder: A 13-year cohort study

Publisher: Elsevier BV

Date: 12-2018

DOI: 10.1016/J.JAD.2018.08.020

Abstract: Regular physical activity reduces the risk of depression onset and is an effective treatment for mood disorders. Recent studies have reported that sedentary behavior (SB) increases the risk of depression in adults, but relationships of different types of SBs with depression have not been examined systematically. We explored longitudinal relationships of passive (e.g. watching TV) and mentally-active (e.g. office-work) SBs with incident major depressive disorder (MDD). Self-report questionnaires were completed by 40,569 Swedish adults in 1997 responses were linked to clinician-diagnosed MDD obtained from medical registers until 2010. Relationships between passive, mentally-active and total SBs with incident MDD were explored using survival analysis with Cox proportional hazards regression. Models controlled for leisure time moderate-vigorous physical activity and occupational physical activity. Moderating effects of gender were examined. In fully-adjusted models, including only non-depressed adults at baseline, those reporting ≥ 3 h of mentally-active SBs on a typical day (versus < 3 h) had significant lower hazards of incident MDD at follow-up (HR = 0.74, 95% CI = 0.58-0.94, p = 0.018). There was a non-significant positive relationship of passive SBs with incident MDD (HR = 1.20, 95% CI = 0.96-1.52, p = 0.106). The association between total SBs (passive and mentally-active combined) was not significant (HR = 0.91, 95% CI = 0.75-1.10, p = 0.36). Gender did not moderate these associations. Physical activity and SBs were self-reported. Mentally-active SBs may have beneficial effects on adults' mental well-being. These effects are largely independent of habitual physical activity levels.

Adults' past-day recall of sedentary time: Reliability, validity, and responsiveness

Publisher: Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)

Date: 06-2013

DOI: 10.1249/MSS.0B013E3182837F57

New exercise prescription. Don't just sit there: Stand up and move more, more often

Publisher: American Medical Association (AMA)

Date: 26-03-2012

DOI: 10.1001/ARCHINTERNMED.2012.209

Should we be concerned about children spending extended periods of time in sedentary pursuits even among the highly active?

Publisher: Informa UK Limited

Date: 2008

DOI: 10.1080/17477160802169672

Measurement of the electroweak production of Zγ and two jets in proton-proton c

Publisher: American Physical Society (APS)

Date: 05-10-2021

DOI: 10.1103/PHYSREVD.104.072001

Search for a light charged Higgs boson in the H±

Publisher: American Physical Society (APS)

Date: 05-10-2020

DOI: 10.1103/PHYSREVD.102.072001

Interrupting Sitting Time in Postmenopausal Women: Protocol for the Rise for Health Randomized Controlled Trial

Publisher: JMIR Publications Inc.

Date: 13-05-2021

DOI: 10.2196/28684

Abstract: Many older adults spend the majority of their waking hours sitting, which increases their risk of chronic diseases. Given the challenges that many older adults face when engaging in moderate-to-vigorous physical activity, understanding the health benefits of decreasing sitting time and increasing the number of sit-to-stand transitions is needed to address this growing public health concern. The aim of this 3-arm randomized controlled trial is to investigate how changes in sitting time and brief sit-to-stand transitions impact biomarkers of healthy aging and physical, emotional, and cognitive functioning compared with a healthy attention control arm. Sedentary and postmenopausal women (N=405) will be recruited and randomly assigned to 1 of the 3 study conditions for 3 months: healthy living attention control (Healthy Living), reduce sitting time (Reduce Sitting), and increase sit-to-stand transitions (Increase Transitions). Assessments conducted at baseline and 3 months included fasting blood draw, blood pressure, anthropometric measurements, physical functioning, cognitive testing, and 7 days of a thigh-worn accelerometer (activPAL) and a hip-worn accelerometer (ActiGraph). Blood-based biomarkers of healthy aging included those associated with glycemic control (glycated hemoglobin, fasting plasma insulin and glucose, and homeostatic model assessment of insulin resistance). Recruitment began in May 2018. The intervention is ongoing, with data collection expected to continue through the end of 2022. The Rise for Health study is designed to test whether 2 different approaches to interrupting sitting time can improve healthy aging in postmenopausal women. Results from this study may inform the development of sedentary behavior guidelines and interventions to reduce sitting time in older adults. ClinicalTrials.gov NCT03473145 t2/show/NCT03473145 DERR1-10.2196/28684

Breaks in sedentary time - Beneficial associations with metabolic risk

Publisher: American Diabetes Association

Date: 04-2008

DOI: 10.2337/DC07-2046

Abstract: OBJECTIVE—Total sedentary (absence of whole-body movement) time is associated with obesity, abnormal glucose metabolism, and the metabolic syndrome. In addition to the effects of total sedentary time, the manner in which it is accumulated may also be important. We examined the association of breaks in objectively measured sedentary time with biological markers of metabolic risk. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS—Participants (n = 168, mean age 53.4 years) for this cross-sectional study were recruited from the 2004–2005 Australian Diabetes, Obesity and Lifestyle study. Sedentary time was measured by an accelerometer (counts/minute−1 & 100) worn during waking hours for seven consecutive days. Each interruption in sedentary time (counts/min ≥100) was considered a break. Fasting plasma glucose, 2-h plasma glucose, serum triglycerides, HDL cholesterol, weight, height, waist circumference, and resting blood pressure were measured. MatLab was used to derive the breaks variable SPSS was used for the statistical analysis. RESULTS—Independent of total sedentary time and moderate-to-vigorous intensity activity time, increased breaks in sedentary time were beneficially associated with waist circumference (standardized β = −0.16, 95% CI −0.31 to −0.02, P = 0.026), BMI (β = −0.19, −0.35 to −0.02, P = 0.026), triglycerides (β = −0.18, −0.34 to −0.02, P = 0.029), and 2-h plasma glucose (β = −0.18, −0.34 to −0.02, P = 0.025). CONCLUSIONS—This study provides evidence of the importance of avoiding prolonged uninterrupted periods of sedentary (primarily sitting) time. These findings suggest new public health recommendations regarding breaking up sedentary time that are complementary to those for physical activity.

Search for new particles in events with energetic jets and large missing transverse momentum in proton-proton collisions at $$ \sqrt{s} $$ = 13 TeV

Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC

Date: 11-2021

DOI: 10.1007/JHEP11(2021)153

Abstract: A search is presented for new particles produced at the LHC in proton-proton collisions at $$ \\sqrt{s} $$ s = 13 TeV, using events with energetic jets and large missing transverse momentum. The analysis is based on a data s le corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 101 fb − 1 , collected in 2017–2018 with the CMS detector. Machine learning techniques are used to define separate categories for events with narrow jets from initial-state radiation and events with large-radius jets consistent with a hadronic decay of a W or Z boson. A statistical combination is made with an earlier search based on a data s le of 36 fb − 1 , collected in 2016. No significant excess of events is observed with respect to the standard model background expectation determined from control s les in data. The results are interpreted in terms of limits on the branching fraction of an invisible decay of the Higgs boson, as well as constraints on simplified models of dark matter, on first-generation scalar leptoquarks decaying to quarks and neutrinos, and on models with large extra dimensions. Several of the new limits, specifically for spin-1 dark matter mediators, pseudoscalar mediators, colored mediators, and leptoquarks, are the most restrictive to date.

Waist circumference, waist-hip ratio and body mass index and their correlation with cardiovascular disease risk factors in Australian adults

Publisher: Wiley

Date: 27-11-2003

DOI: 10.1111/J.1365-2796.2003.01229.X

Abstract: To compare body mass index (BMI), waist circumference and waist-hip ratio (WHR) as indices of obesity and assess the respective associations with type 2 diabetes, hypertension and dyslipidaemia. A national s le of 11 247 Australians aged > or =25 years was examined in 2000 in a cross-sectional survey. The examination included a fasting blood s le, standard 2-h 75-g oral glucose tolerance test, blood pressure measurements and questionnaires to assess treatment for dyslipidaemia and hypertension. BMI, waist circumference and WHR were measured to assess overweight and obesity. The prevalence of obesity amongst Australian adults defined by BMI, waist circumference and WHR was 20.8, 30.5 and 15.8% respectively. The unadjusted odds ratio for the fourth vs. first quartile of each obesity measurement showed that WHR had the strongest relationship with type 2 diabetes, dyslipidaemia (women only) and hypertension. Following adjustment for age, however, there was little difference between the three measures of obesity, with the possible exceptions of hypertension in women, where BMI had a stronger association, and dyslipidaemia in women and type 2 diabetes in men, where WHR was marginally superior. Waist circumference, BMI and WHR identified different proportions of the population, as measured by both prevalence of obesity and cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk factors. Whilst WHR had the strongest correlations with CVD risk factors before adjustment for age, the three obesity measures performed similarly after adjustment for age. Given the difficulty of using age-adjusted associations in the clinical setting, these results suggest that given appropriate cut-off points, WHR is the most useful measure of obesity to use to identify in iduals with CVD risk factors.

Serum 25-Hydroxyvitamin D, Calcium Intake, and Risk of Type 2 Diabetes After 5 Years

Publisher: American Diabetes Association

Date: 20-04-2011

DOI: 10.2337/DC10-2167

Abstract: To examine whether serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25OHD) and dietary calcium predict incident type 2 diabetes and insulin sensitivity. A total of 6,537 of the 11,247 adults evaluated in 1999–2000 in the Australian Diabetes, Obesity and Lifestyle (AusDiab) study, returned for oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) in 2004–2005. We studied those without diabetes who had complete data at baseline (n = 5,200 mean age 51 years 55% were women 92% were Europids). Serum 25OHD and energy-adjusted calcium intake (food frequency questionnaire) were assessed at baseline. Logistic regression was used to evaluate associations between serum 25OHD and dietary calcium on 5-year incidence of diabetes (diagnosed by OGTT) and insulin sensitivity (homeostasis model assessment of insulin sensitivity [HOMA-S]), adjusted for multiple potential confounders, including fasting plasma glucose (FPG). During the 5-year follow-up, 199 incident cases of diabetes were diagnosed. Those who developed diabetes had lower serum 25OHD (mean 58 vs. 65 nmol/L P & 0.001) and calcium intake (mean 881 vs. 923 mg/day P = 0.03) compared with those who remained free of diabetes. Each 25 nmol/L increment in serum 25OHD was associated with a 24% reduced risk of diabetes (odds ratio 0.76 [95% CI 0.63–0.92]) after adjusting for age, waist circumference, ethnicity, season, latitude, smoking, physical activity, family history of diabetes, dietary magnesium, hypertension, serum triglycerides, and FPG. Dietary calcium intake was not associated with reduced diabetes risk. Only serum 25OHD was positively and independently associated with HOMA-S at 5 years. Higher serum 25OHD levels, but not higher dietary calcium, were associated with a significantly reduced risk of diabetes in Australian adult men and women.

Effects of a short-term circuit weight training program on glycaemic control in NIDDM

Publisher: Elsevier BV

Date: 04-1998

DOI: 10.1016/S0168-8227(98)00027-8

Abstract: This study assessed the effects of short-term circuit weight training (CWT) on glycaemic control in NIDDM. Twenty-seven untrained, sedentary subjects (mean age, 51) with NIDDM participated in an 8-week randomised, controlled study, involving either CWT 3 days/week (n = 15) or no formal exercise (control) (n = 12). All subjects performed regular self-blood glucose monitoring throughout. Fasting serum glucose and insulin were measured following a 12-h fast and during an oral glucose tolerance test (75 g) before and after 8 weeks. Twenty-one subjects completed the study (CWT, n = 11) (Control, n = 10). Strength for all exercises improved significantly after CWT. Pooled time-series analysis, using a random effects model, revealed an overall decrease in self-monitored glucose levels with CWT compared to controls. Significant reductions from baseline values were observed in both the glucose (-213 mmol l-1 per 120 min, P < 0.05) and insulin (-6130 pmol l-1 per 120 min, P < 0.05) area under the curve following CWT relative to controls. After adjustment for body mass changes, the change in self-monitored glucose levels and insulin area under the curve, but not glucose area under the curve, remained significant. Short-term CWT therefore may provide a practical exercise alternative in the lifestyle management of this condition.

Measurement of single-diffractive dijet production in proton–proton collisions at $$\sqrt{s} = 8\,\text {Te}\text {V} $$ with the CMS and TOTEM experiments

Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC

Date: 12-2020

DOI: 10.1140/EPJC/S10052-020-08562-Y

Abstract: Measurements are presented of the single-diffractive dijet cross section and the diffractive cross section as a function of the proton fractional momentum loss $$\xi $$ ξ and the four-momentum transfer squared t . Both processes $${\text{ p }{}{}} {\text{ p }{}{}} \rightarrow {\text{ p }{}{}} {\text{ X }} $$ p p → p X and $${\text{ p }{}{}} {\text{ p }{}{}} \rightarrow {\text{ X }} {\text{ p }{}{}} $$ p p → X p , i.e. with the proton scattering to either side of the interaction point, are measured, where $${\text{ X }} $$ X includes at least two jets the results of the two processes are averaged. The analyses are based on data collected simultaneously with the CMS and TOTEM detectors at the LHC in proton–proton collisions at $$\sqrt{s} = 8\,\text {Te}\text {V} $$ s = 8 Te during a dedicated run with $$\beta ^{*} = 90\,\text {m} $$ β ∗ = 90 m at low instantaneous luminosity and correspond to an integrated luminosity of $$37.5{\,\text {nb}^{-1}} $$ 37.5 nb - 1 . The single-diffractive dijet cross section $$\sigma ^{{\text{ p }{}{}} {\text{ X }}}_{\mathrm {jj}}$$ σ jj p X , in the kinematic region $$\xi 0.1$$ ξ 0.1 , $$0.03 |t | 1\,\text {Ge}\text {V} ^2$$ 0.03 | t | 1 Ge 2 , with at least two jets with transverse momentum $$p_{\mathrm {T}} 40\,\text {Ge}\text {V} $$ p T 40 Ge , and pseudorapidity $$|\eta | 4.4$$ | η | 4.4 , is $$21.7 \pm 0.9\,\text {(stat)} \,^{+3.0}_{-3.3}\,\text {(syst)} \pm 0.9\,\text {(lumi)} \,\text {nb} $$ 21.7 ± 0.9 (stat) - 3.3 + 3.0 (syst) ± 0.9 (lumi) nb . The ratio of the single-diffractive to inclusive dijet yields, normalised per unit of $$\xi $$ ξ , is presented as a function of x , the longitudinal momentum fraction of the proton carried by the struck parton. The ratio in the kinematic region defined above, for x values in the range $$-2.9 \le \log _{10} x \le -1.6$$ - 2.9 ≤ log 10 x ≤ - 1.6 , is $$R = (\sigma ^{{\text{ p }{}{}} {\text{ X }}}_{\mathrm {jj}}/\Delta \xi )/\sigma _{\mathrm {jj}} = 0.025 \pm 0.001\,\text {(stat)} \pm 0.003\,\text {(syst)} $$ R = ( σ jj p X / Δ ξ ) / σ jj = 0.025 ± 0.001 (stat) ± 0.003 (syst) , where $$\sigma ^{{\text{ p }{}{}} {\text{ X }}}_{\mathrm {jj}}$$ σ jj p X and $$\sigma _{\mathrm {jj}}$$ σ jj are the single-diffractive and inclusive dijet cross sections, respectively. The results are compared with predictions from models of diffractive and nondiffractive interactions. Monte Carlo predictions based on the HERA diffractive parton distribution functions agree well with the data when corrected for the effect of soft rescattering between the spectator partons.

Light-Intensity Physical Activity and Cardiometabolic Biomarkers in US Adolescents

Publisher: Public Library of Science (PLoS)

Date: 09-08-2013

DOI: 10.1371/JOURNAL.PONE.0071417

Joint associations of multiple leisure-time sedentary behaviours and physical activity with obesity in Australian adults

Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC

Date: 2008

DOI: 10.1186/1479-5868-5-35

The Associations of COVID-19 Lockdown Restrictions With Longer-Term Activity Levels of Working Adults With Type 2 Diabetes: Cohort Study

Publisher: JMIR Publications Inc.

Date: 18-05-2022

DOI: 10.2196/36181

Abstract: Lockdown restrictions reduce COVID-19 community transmission however, they may pose challenges for noncommunicable disease management. A 112-day hard lockdown in Victoria, Australia (commencing March 23, 2020) coincided with an intervention trial of reducing and breaking up sitting time in desk workers with type 2 diabetes who were using a provided consumer-grade activity tracker (Fitbit). This study aims to compare continuously recorded activity levels preceding and during COVID-19 lockdown restrictions among working adults with type 2 diabetes participating in a sitting less and moving more intervention. A total of 11 participants (n=8 male mean age 52.8, SD 5 years) in Melbourne, Australia had Fitbit activity tracked before (mean 122.7, SD 47.9 days) and during (mean 99.7, SD 62.5 days) citywide COVID-19 lockdown restrictions. Regression models compared device (Fitbit Inspire HR)–derived activity (steps metabolic equivalent tasks [METs] mean time in sedentary, lightly, fairly, and very active minutes and usual bout durations) during restrictions to prerestrictions. Changes in activity were statistically significant when estimates (Δ%) did not intercept zero. Overall, there was a decrease in mean steps (–1584 steps/day Δ% –9%, 95% CI –11% to –7%) METs (–83 METs/day Δ% –5%, 95% CI –6% to –5%) and lightly active (Δ% –4%, 95% CI –8% to –1%), fairly active (Δ% –8%, 95% CI –21% to –15%), and very active (Δ% –8%, 95% CI –11% to –5%) intensity minutes per day, and increases in mean sedentary minutes per day (51 mins/day Δ% 3%, 95% CI 1%-6%). Only very active (+5.1 mins) and sedentary (+4.3 mins) bout durations changed significantly. In a convenience s le of adults with type 2 diabetes, COVID-19 lockdown restrictions were associated with decreases in overall activity levels and increases in very active and sedentary bout durations. A Fitbit monitor provided meaningful continuous long-term data in this context. Australian New Zealand Clinical Trials Registry ACTRN12618001159246 anzctr.org.au/Trial/Registration/TrialReview.aspx?ACTRN=12618001159246

Occupational sitting and health risks: A systematic review

Publisher: Elsevier BV

Date: 10-2010

DOI: 10.1016/J.AMEPRE.2010.05.024

Abstract: Emerging evidence suggests that sedentary behavior (i.e., time spent sitting) may be negatively associated with health. The aim of this study was to systematically review the evidence on associations between occupational sitting and health risks. Studies were identified in March-April 2009 by literature searches in PubMed, PsycINFO, CENTRAL, CINAHL, EMBASE, and PEDro, with subsequent related-article searches in PubMed and citation searches in Web of Science. Identified studies were categorized by health outcome. Two independent reviewers assessed methodologic quality using a 15-item quality rating list (score range 0-15 points, higher score indicating better quality). Data on study design, study population, measures of occupational sitting, health risks, analyses, and results were extracted. 43 papers met the inclusion criteria (21% cross-sectional, 14% case-control, 65% prospective) they examined the associations between occupational sitting and BMI (n=12) cancer (n=17) cardiovascular disease (CVD, n=8) diabetes mellitus (DM, n=4) and mortality (n=6). The median study-quality score was 12 points. Half the cross-sectional studies showed a positive association between occupational sitting and BMI, but prospective studies failed to confirm a causal relationship. There was some case-control evidence for a positive association between occupational sitting and cancer however, this was generally not supported by prospective studies. The majority of prospective studies found that occupational sitting was associated with a higher risk of DM and mortality. Limited evidence was found to support a positive relationship between occupational sitting and health risks. The heterogeneity of study designs, measures, and findings makes it difficult to draw definitive conclusions at this time.

Addressing the Nonexercise Part of the Activity Continuum: A More Realistic and Achievable Approach to Activity Programming for Adults With Mobility Disability?

Publisher: Oxford University Press (OUP)

Date: 04-2012

DOI: 10.2522/PTJ.20110284

Abstract: Participation in physical activity is fundamental for the maintenance of metabolic health and the prevention of major chronic diseases, particularly type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular disease. A whole-of-day approach to physical activity promotion is increasingly advocated and includes not only increasing moderate-intensity physical activity but also reducing sedentary time and increasing light-intensity activity (the “nonexercise” part of the activity continuum). This whole-of-day approach to tackling the challenge of inactivity may be particularly relevant for adults with mobility disabilities, who are among the most inactive segment of the population. Focusing on nonexercise activity by striving to reduce sedentary time and increase light-intensity activity may be a more successful place to begin to change behavior in someone with mobility disability. This article discusses what is known about the metabolic health consequences of sedentary behavior and light-intensity activity in adults with and without mobility disability. The concept of inactivity physiology is presented, along with possible applications or evidence from studies with adults with mobility disability. Mobility disability discussions and ex les focus on stroke and spinal cord injury. Finally, clinical implications and future research directions related to sedentary behavior in adults with mobility disability are discussed.

Measurement of double-parton scattering in inclusive production of four jets with low transverse momentum in proton-proton collisions at $$ \sqrt{s} $$ = 13 TeV

Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC

Date: 2022

DOI: 10.1007/JHEP01(2022)177

Abstract: A measurement of inclusive four-jet production in proton-proton collisions at a center-of-mass energy of 13 TeV is presented. The transverse momenta of jets within |η| 4 . 7 are required to exceed 35, 30, 25, and 20 GeV for the first-, second-, third-, and fourth-leading jet, respectively. Differential cross sections are measured as functions of the jet transverse momentum, jet pseudorapidity, and several other observables that describe the angular correlations between the jets. The measured distributions show sensitivity to different aspects of the underlying event, parton shower modeling, and matrix element calculations. In particular, the interplay between angular correlations caused by parton shower and double-parton scattering contributions is shown to be important. The double-parton scattering contribution is extracted by means of a template fit to the data, using distributions for single-parton scattering obtained from Monte Carlo event generators and a double-parton scattering distribution constructed from inclusive single-jet events in data. The effective double-parton scattering cross section is calculated and discussed in view of previous measurements and of its dependence on the models used to describe the single- parton scattering background.

Associations of TV viewing and physical activity with the metabolic syndrome in Australian adults

Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC

Date: 07-10-2005

DOI: 10.1007/S00125-005-1963-4

Abstract: We analysed a s le of Australian adults to determine the strength of associations of TV viewing and participation in physical activity with the metabolic syndrome. This population-based cross-sectional study included 6,241 adults aged > or =35 years who were free from diagnosed diabetes mellitus and self-reported ischaemic disease and were not taking lipid-lowering or antihypertensive drugs. The metabolic syndrome was defined according to the 1999 World Health Organization criteria. Participants self-reported TV viewing time and physical activity time for the previous week. The adjusted odds ratio of having the metabolic syndrome was 2.07 (95% CI 1.49-2.88) in women and 1.48 (95% CI 0.95-2.31) in men who watched TV for >14 h per week compared with those who watched < or =7.0 h per week. Compared with those who were less active ( or =2.5 h per week). Longer TV viewing (>14 h per week) was associated with an increased risk of insulin resistance, obesity and dyslipidaemia in both men and women. A total physical activity time of > or =2.5 h per week was associated with a reduced prevalence of both insulin resistance and dyslipidaemia in both sexes and reduced prevalence of both obesity and hypertension in women. Increased TV viewing time was associated with an increased prevalence of the metabolic syndrome, while physical activity was associated with a reduced prevalence. Population strategies addressing the metabolic syndrome should focus on reducing sedentary behaviours such as TV viewing, as well as increasing physical activity.

Measurement of differential tt¯<

Publisher: American Physical Society (APS)

Date: 19-03-2021

DOI: 10.1103/PHYSREVD.103.052008

Associations of Physical Activity and Television Viewing Time with Retinal Vascular Caliber in a Multiethnic Asian Population

Publisher: Association for Research in Vision and Ophthalmology (ARVO)

Date: 17-08-2011

DOI: 10.1167/IOVS.11-7324

Abstract: PURPOSE. The aim of this study was to examine the relationship of physical activity and television (TV) viewing time with retinal vascular caliber in a multiethnic Asian population. METHODS. Chinese, Indian, and Malay participants (n = 3866) were examined cross-sectionally in the Singapore Prospective Study Program (2004-2007). Leisure-time physical activity and TV viewing time were assessed by the use of an interviewer-administered questionnaire. Retinal arteriolar and venular calibers were measured from digital retinal photographs. RESULTS. After adjusting for demographic, behavioral, and medical factors, those in the lowest quartile of leisure-time physical activity had a wider venular caliber (by 1.51 μm 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.01-2.92) compared with those in the highest quartile. Using sex- and ethnicity-specific quartiles, stronger associations were noted in males (2.23 μm 95% CI, 0.10-4.38) and Chinese (2.52 μm 95% CI, 0.44-4.59) participants. Females who watched >2 hours of TV per day had a narrow arteriolar caliber (by 1.28 μm 95% CI, -2.56--0.03), compared with the arteriolar caliber of those who watched less TV. CONCLUSIONS. Lower physical activity and higher TV viewing time (in females) were adversely associated with retinal microvascular caliber among Asian adults. Additional cross-sectional and longitudinal studies are needed to further clarify the potential mediating role of the microvasculature in the relationship between these behavioral risk factors and poor cardiometabolic health outcomes.

Constraints on the χc1

Publisher: American Physical Society (APS)

Date: 24-04-2020

DOI: 10.1103/PHYSREVLETT.124.162002

Television viewing time and weight gain in colorectal cancer survivors: a prospective population-based study.

Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC

Date: 17-05-2009

DOI: 10.1007/S10552-009-9356-5

Abstract: To investigate the prospective relationships between television viewing time and weight gain in the 3 years following colorectal cancer diagnosis for 1,867 colorectal cancer survivors (body mass index (BMI) > or = 18.5 kg/m(2)). BMI, television viewing time, physical activity, and socio-demographic and clinical covariates were assessed at baseline (5 months), 24 months and 36 months post-diagnosis. Multiple linear regression was used to study independent associations between baseline television viewing time and BMI at 24 and 36 months post-diagnosis. At both follow-up time points, there was a significant increase in mean BMI for participants reporting > or =5 h/day of television viewing compared to those watching <3 h/day at baseline (24 months: 0.72 kg/m(2) (0.31, 1.12), p < 0.001 36 months: 0.61 kg/m(2) (0.14, 1.07), p = 0.01), independent of baseline BMI, gender, age, education, marital status, smoking, cancer site, cancer disease stage, treatment mode and co-morbidities. Additional adjustment for baseline physical activity did not change results. These findings suggest that a greater emphasis on decreasing television viewing time could help reduce weight gain among colorectal cancer survivors. This, in turn, could contribute to a risk reduction for co-morbid conditions such as type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular disease.

Effectiveness of an intervention for reducing sitting time and improving health in office workers: three arm cluster randomised controlled trial

Publisher: BMJ

Date: 17-08-2022

DOI: 10.1136/BMJ-2021-069288

Abstract: To evaluate the effectiveness of an intervention, with and without a height adjustable desk, on daily sitting time, and to investigate the relative effectiveness of the two interventions, and the effectiveness of both interventions on physical behaviours and physical, biochemical, psychological, and work related health and performance outcomes. Cluster three arm randomised controlled trial with follow-up at three and 12 months. Local government councils in Leicester, Liverpool, and Greater Manchester, UK. 78 clusters including 756 desk based employees in defined offices, departments, or teams from two councils in Leicester, three in Greater Manchester, and one in Liverpool. Clusters were randomised to one of three conditions: the SMART Work and Life (SWAL) intervention, the SWAL intervention with a height adjustable desk (SWAL plus desk), or control (usual practice). The primary outcome measure was daily sitting time, assessed by accelerometry, at 12 month follow-up. Secondary outcomes were accelerometer assessed sitting, prolonged sitting, standing and stepping time, and physical activity calculated over any valid day, work hours, workdays, and non-workdays, self-reported lifestyle behaviours, musculoskeletal problems, cardiometabolic health markers, work related health and performance, fatigue, and psychological measures. Mean age of participants was 44.7 years, 72.4% (n=547) were women, and 74.9% (n=566) were white. Daily sitting time at 12 months was significantly lower in the intervention groups (SWAL −22.2 min/day, 95% confidence interval −38.8 to −5.7 min/day, P=0.003 SWAL plus desk −63.7 min/day, −80.1 to −47.4 min/day, P .001) compared with the control group. The SWAL plus desk intervention was found to be more effective than SWAL at changing sitting time (−41.7 min/day, −56.3 to −27.0 min/day, P .001). Favourable differences in sitting and prolonged sitting time at three and 12 month follow-ups for both intervention groups and for standing time for the SWAL plus desk group were observed during work hours and on workdays. Both intervention groups were associated with small improvements in stress, wellbeing, and vigour, and the SWAL plus desk group was associated with improvements in pain in the lower extremity, social norms for sitting and standing at work, and support. Both SWAL and SWAL plus desk were associated with a reduction in sitting time, although the addition of a height adjustable desk was found to be threefold more effective. ISRCTN Registry ISRCTN11618007 .

Measurement of the Y(1S) pair production cross section and search for resonances decaying to Y(1S)μ+μ− in proton-proton collisions at

Publisher: Elsevier BV

Date: 09-2020

DOI: 10.1016/J.PHYSLETB.2020.135578

The sedentary office: an expert statement on the growing case for change towards better health and productivity

Publisher: BMJ

Date: 06-2015

DOI: 10.1136/BJSPORTS-2015-094618

Abstract: An international group of experts convened to provide guidance for employers to promote the avoidance of prolonged periods of sedentary work. The set of recommendations was developed from the totality of the current evidence, including long-term epidemiological studies and interventional studies of getting workers to stand and/or move more frequently. The evidence was ranked in quality using the four levels of the American College of Sports Medicine. The derived guidance is as follows: for those occupations which are predominantly desk based, workers should aim to initially progress towards accumulating 2 h/day of standing and light activity (light walking) during working hours, eventually progressing to a total accumulation of 4 h/day (prorated to part-time hours). To achieve this, seated-based work should be regularly broken up with standing-based work, the use of sit-stand desks, or the taking of short active standing breaks. Along with other health promotion goals (improved nutrition, reducing alcohol, smoking and stress), companies should also promote among their staff that prolonged sitting, aggregated from work and in leisure time, may significantly and independently increase the risk of cardiometabolic diseases and premature mortality. It is appreciated that these recommendations should be interpreted in relation to the evidence from which they were derived, largely observational and retrospective studies, or short-term interventional studies showing acute cardiometabolic changes. While longer term intervention studies are required, the level of consistent evidence accumulated to date, and the public health context of rising chronic diseases, suggest initial guidelines are justified. We hope these guidelines stimulate future research, and that greater precision will be possible within future iterations.

Sedentary Behaviors and Emerging Cardiometabolic Biomarkers in Adolescents

Publisher: Elsevier BV

Date: 2012

DOI: 10.1016/J.JPEDS.2011.06.037

Abstract: To examine the associations of objectively measured sedentary time and television (TV) viewing time with emerging inflammatory and endothelial function markers in adolescents. This study comprised 183 adolescents (88 girls), aged 13 to 17 years. Sedentary time and moderate-to-vigorous physical activity was objectively measured with accelerometry, whereas TV viewing time was self-reported. White blood cell counts and levels of C-reactive protein, complement factors C3 and C4, interleukin-6, adiponectin, leptin, intercellular adhesion molecule 1, vascular cell adhesion molecule 1, E-selectin, L-selectin, and plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 were measured in fasted blood s les. Sedentary time was not significantly associated with any of the examined cardiometabolic markers after controlling for potential confounders. However, TV viewing time was positively associated with soluble endothelial adhesion molecules intercellular adhesion molecule 1 (standardized β = 0.19, P = .008), vascular cell adhesion molecule 1 (β = 0.17, P = .020), L-selectin (β = 0.18, P = .013), and E-selectin (β = 0.16, P = .023) concentrations, after controlling for sex, age, pubertal status, moderate-to-vigorous physical activity, body mass index, and total sedentary time. High TV viewing time may play a key role in cardiovascular and metabolic diseases through the cell adhesion molecules in adolescence.

Breaking Up Prolonged Sitting Reduces Postprandial Glucose and Insulin Responses

Publisher: American Diabetes Association

Date: 11-04-2012

DOI: 10.2337/DC11-1931

Abstract: Observational studies show breaking up prolonged sitting has beneficial associations with cardiometabolic risk markers, but intervention studies are required to investigate causality. We examined the acute effects on postprandial glucose and insulin levels of uninterrupted sitting compared with sitting interrupted by brief bouts of light- or moderate-intensity walking. Overweight/obese adults (n = 19), aged 45–65 years, were recruited for a randomized three-period, three-treatment acute crossover trial: 1) uninterrupted sitting 2) seated with 2-min bouts of light-intensity walking every 20 min and 3) seated with 2-min bouts of moderate-intensity walking every 20 min. A standardized test drink was provided after an initial 2-h period of uninterrupted sitting. The positive incremental area under curves (iAUC) for glucose and insulin (mean [95% CI]) for the 5 h after the test drink (75 g glucose, 50 g fat) were calculated for the respective treatments. The glucose iAUC (mmol/L) ⋅ h after both activity-break conditions was reduced (light: 5.2 [4.1–6.6] moderate: 4.9 [3.8–6.1] both P & 0.01) compared with uninterrupted sitting (6.9 [5.5–8.7]). Insulin iAUC (pmol/L) ⋅ h was also reduced with both activity-break conditions (light: 633.6 [552.4–727.1] moderate: 637.6 [555.5–731.9], P & 0.0001) compared with uninterrupted sitting (828.6 [722.0–950.9]). Interrupting sitting time with short bouts of light- or moderate-intensity walking lowers postprandial glucose and insulin levels in overweight/obese adults. This may improve glucose metabolism and potentially be an important public health and clinical intervention strategy for reducing cardiovascular risk.

Evidence for Higgs boson decay to a pair of muons

Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC

Date: 2021

DOI: 10.1007/JHEP01(2021)148

Abstract: Evidence for Higgs boson decay to a pair of muons is presented. This result combines searches in four exclusive categories targeting the production of the Higgs boson via gluon fusion, via vector boson fusion, in association with a vector boson, and in association with a top quark-antiquark pair. The analysis is performed using proton-proton collision data at $$ \\sqrt{s} $$ s = 13 TeV, corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 137 fb − 1 , recorded by the CMS experiment at the CERN LHC. An excess of events over the back- ground expectation is observed in data with a significance of 3.0 standard deviations, where the expectation for the standard model (SM) Higgs boson with mass of 125.38 GeV is 2.5. The combination of this result with that from data recorded at $$ \\sqrt{s} $$ s = 7 and 8 TeV, corresponding to integrated luminosities of 5.1 and 19.7 fb − 1 , respectively, increases both the expected and observed significances by 1%. The measured signal strength, relative to the SM prediction, is $$ {1.19}_{-0.39}^{+0.40}{\\left(\\mathrm{stat}\\right)}_{-0.14}^{+0.15}\\left(\\mathrm{syst}\\right) $$ 1.19 − 0.39 + 0.40 stat − 0.14 + 0.15 syst . This result constitutes the first evidence for the decay of the Higgs boson to second generation fermions and is the most precise measurement of the Higgs boson coupling to muons reported to date.

Television Viewing Time and Risk of Chronic Kidney Disease in Adults: The AusDiab Study

Publisher: Oxford University Press (OUP)

Date: 26-08-2010

DOI: 10.1007/S12160-010-9209-1

Abstract: Television viewing time independent of physical activity is associated with a number of chronic diseases and related risk factors however, its relationship with chronic kidney disease is unknown. The purpose of this study is to examine the cross-sectional and prospective relationships of television viewing time with biomarkers of chronic kidney disease. Participants of the Australian Diabetes, Obesity and Lifestyle Study attended the baseline (n = 10,847) and 5-year follow-up (n = 6,293) examination. Television viewing was significantly associated with increased odds of prevalent albuminuria and low estimated glomerular filtration rate. In the gender-stratified analyses this pattern was seen for men, but not for women. In the longitudinal analyses, odds of de novo albuminuria and low estimated glomerular filtration rate were increased only in unadjusted models. Television viewing time may be directly related to markers of chronic kidney disease and through intertwined associated risk factors such as diabetes, hypertension, and obesity.

Measurement of prompt D0 and D

Publisher: Elsevier BV

Date: 05-2021

DOI: 10.1016/J.PHYSLETB.2021.136253

Contrasting longitudinal and cross-sectional relationships between insulin resistance and percentage of body fat, fitness, and physical activity in children - the LOOK study

Publisher: Hindawi Limited

Date: 12-2009

DOI: 10.1111/J.1399-5448.2009.00513.X

Abstract: Knowledge of in idual changes in insulin resistance (IR) and longitudinal relationships of IR with lifestyle-associated factors are of important practical significance, but little longitudinal data exist in asymptomatic children. We aimed to determine (a) changes in the homeostatic model of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) over a 2-yr period and (b) comparisons of longitudinal and cross-sectional relationships between HOMA-IR and lifestyle-related risk factors. Our subjects, 241 boys and 257 girls, were assessed at age 8.1 yr (SD 0.35) and again 2 yr later for fasting blood glucose and insulin, dual X-ray absorptiometry-assessed percentage of body fat (%BF), pedometer-assessed physical activity (PA), and cardio-respiratory fitness (CRF) by multistage running test. HOMA-IR was initially 9% greater in girls than boys and 27% greater 2 yr later. There was no evidence of longitudinal relationships between HOMA-IR and %BF in boys or girls, despite significant cross-sectional relationships (p < 0.001). In boys, there was evidence of a longitudinal relationship between HOMA-IR and both PA (p < 0.001) and CRF (p = 0.05). In girls, we found a cross-sectional relationship between HOMA-IR and CRF (p < 0.001). HOMA-IR increases between 8 and 10 yr of age and to a greater extent in girls. Longitudinal, unlike cross-sectional, relationships do not support the premise that body fat has any impact on HOMA-IR during this period or that PA or CRF changes affect HOMA-IR in girls. These data draw attention to difficulties in interpreting observational studies in young children.

Assessing the feasibility and pre-post impact evaluation of the beta (Test) version of the beupstanding champion toolkit in reducing workplace sitting: Pilot study

Publisher: JMIR Publications Inc.

Date: 28-08-2018

DOI: 10.2196/FORMATIVE.9343

Effect of a low-resource-intensive lifestyle modification program incorporating gymnasium-based and home-based resistance training on type 2 diabetes risk in australian adults

Publisher: American Diabetes Association

Date: 12-2008

DOI: 10.2337/DC08-0152

Abstract: OBJECTIVE—The purpose of this study was to assess the effectiveness of a low–resource-intensive lifestyle modification program incorporating resistance training and to compare a gymnasium-based with a home-based resistance training program on diabetes diagnosis status and risk. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS—A quasi-experimental two-group study was undertaken with 122 participants with diabetes risk factors 36.9% had impaired glucose tolerance (IGT) or impaired fasting glucose (IFG) at baseline. The intervention included a 6-week group self-management education program, a gymnasium-based or home-based 12-week resistance training program, and a 34-week maintenance program. Fasting plasma glucose (FPG) and 2-h plasma glucose, blood lipids, blood pressure, body composition, physical activity, and diet were assessed at baseline and week 52. RESULTS—Mean 2-h plasma glucose and FPG fell by 0.34 mmol/l (95% CI −0.60 to −0.08) and 0.15 mmol/l (−0.23 to −0.07), respectively. The proportion of participants with IFG or IGT decreased from 36.9 to 23.0% (P = 0.006). Mean weight loss was 4.07 kg (−4.99 to −3.15). The only significant difference between resistance training groups was a greater reduction in systolic blood pressure for the gymnasium-based group (P = 0.008). CONCLUSIONS—This intervention significantly improved diabetes diagnostic status and reduced diabetes risk to a degree comparable to that of other low–resource-intensive lifestyle modification programs and more intensive interventions applied to in iduals with IGT. The effects of home-based and gymnasium-based resistance training did not differ significantly.

Relationship of television time with accelerometer-derived sedentary time: NHANES

Publisher: Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)

Date: 05-2011

DOI: 10.1249/MSS.0B013E3182019510

Search for resonant pair production of Higgs bosons in the bbZZ

Publisher: American Physical Society (APS)

Date: 12-08-2020

DOI: 10.1103/PHYSREVD.102.032003

Search for top squarks in final states with two top quarks and several light-flavor jets in proton-proton collisions at

Publisher: American Physical Society (APS)

Date: 20-08-2021

DOI: 10.1103/PHYSREVD.104.032006

Perceived neighbourhood environmental attributes and prospective changes in TV viewing time among older Australian adults

Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC

Date: 11-04-2015

DOI: 10.1186/S12966-015-0208-2

The inverse relationship between number of steps per day and obesity in a population-based sample – the AusDiab study

Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC

Date: 17-10-2006

DOI: 10.1038/SJ.IJO.0803472

Abstract: Physical activity (PA) is inversely associated with obesity but the effect has been difficult to quantify using questionnaires. In particular, the shape of the association has not yet been well described. Pedometers provide an opportunity to better characterize the association. Residents of households over the age of 25 years in randomly selected census districts in Tasmania were eligible to participate in the AusDiab cross-sectional survey conducted in 1999-2000. 1848 completed the AusDiab survey and 1126 of these (609 women and 517 men) wore a pedometer for 2-weekdays. Questionnaire data on recent PA, TV time and other factors were obtained. The outcomes were waist circumference (in cm) and body mass index (BMI) (kg/m(2)). Increasing daily steps were associated with a decline in the obesity measures. The logarithmic nature of the associations was indicated by a sharper decline for those with lower daily steps. For ex le, an additional 2000 steps for those taking only 2000 steps per day was associated with a reduction of 2.8 (95% confidence interval (CI): 2.1,4.4) cm in waist circumference among men (for women 2.2 (95% CI: 0.6, 3.9 cm)) with a baseline of only 2000, steps compared to a 0.7 (95% CI 0.3, 1.1) cm reduction (for women 0.6 (95% CI: 0.2, 1.0)) for those already walking 10,000 steps daily. In the multivariable analysis, clearer associations were detected for PA and these obesity measures using daily step number rather than PA time by questionnaire. Pedometer measures of activity indicate that the inverse association between recent PA and obesity is logarithmic in form with the greatest impact for a given arithmetic step number increase seen at lower levels of baseline activity. The findings from this study need to be examined in prospective settings.

Measurement of the associated production of a Z boson with charm or bottom quark jets in proton-

Publisher: American Physical Society (APS)

Date: 19-08-2020

DOI: 10.1103/PHYSREVD.102.032007

Supporting Workers to Sit Less and Move More Through the Web-Based BeUpstanding Program: Protocol for a Single-Arm, Repeated Measures Implementation Study (Preprint)

Publisher: JMIR Publications Inc.

Date: 05-08-2019

DOI: 10.2196/PREPRINTS.15756

Abstract: he web-based BeUpstanding Ch ion Toolkit was developed to support work teams in addressing the emergent work health and safety issue of excessive sitting. It provides a step-by-step guide and associated resources that equip a workplace representative—the ch ion—to adopt and deliver the 8-week intervention program (BeUpstanding) to their work team. The evidence-informed program is designed to raise awareness of the benefits of sitting less and moving more, build a supportive culture for change, and encourage staff to take action to achieve this change. Work teams collectively choose the strategies they want to implement and promote to stand up, sit less, and move more, with this bespoke and participative approach ensuring the strategies are aligned with the team’s needs and existing culture. BeUpstanding has been iteratively developed and optimized through a multiphase process to ensure that it is fit for purpose for wide-scale implementation. he study aimed to describe the current version of BeUpstanding, and the methods and protocol for a national implementation trial. he trial will be conducted in collaboration with five Australian workplace health and safety policy and practice partners. Desk-based work teams from a variety of industries will be recruited from across Australia via partner-led referral pathways. Recruitment will target sectors (small business, rural or regional, call center, blue collar, and government) that are of priority to the policy and practice partners. A minimum of 50 work teams will be recruited per priority sector with a minimum of 10,000 employees exposed to the program. A single-arm, repeated-measures design will assess the short-term (end of program) and long-term (9 months postprogram) impacts. Data will be collected on the web via surveys and toolkit analytics and by the research team via telephone calls with ch ions. The Reach, Effectiveness, Adoption, Implementation, and Maintenance Framework will guide the evaluation, with assessment of the adoption/reach of the program (the number and characteristics of work teams and participating staff), program implementation (completion by the ch ion of core program components), effectiveness (on workplace sitting, standing, and moving), and maintenance (sustainability of changes). There will be an economic evaluation of the costs and outcomes of scaling up to national implementation, including intervention affordability and sustainability. he study received funding in June 2018 and the original protocol was approved by institutional review board on January 9, 2017, with national implementation trial consent and protocol amendment approved March 12, 2019. The trial started on June 12, 2019, with 48 teams recruited as of December 2019. he implementation and multimethod evaluation of BeUpstanding will provide the practice-based evidence needed for informing the potential broader dissemination of the program. ustralian New Zealand Clinical Trials Registry ACTRN12617000682347 www.anzctr.org.au/Trial/Registration/TrialReview.aspx?id=372843& isReview=true. ERR1-10.2196/15756

Assessing the Feasibility and Pre-Post Impact Evaluation of the Beta (Test) Version of the BeUpstanding Champion Toolkit in Reducing Workplace Sitting: Pilot Study (Preprint)

Publisher: JMIR Publications Inc.

Date: 07-11-2017

DOI: 10.2196/PREPRINTS.9343

Abstract: he Web-based, evidence-informed BeUpstanding Ch ion Toolkit was developed to provide employers (via a “train-the-ch ion approach”) with resources and support to help in reducing prolonged sitting in their own desk-based workplace. As part of a five-phase research-to-dissemination process, this study reports on the evaluation of the beta (test) version of this toolkit (Phase 2). he objective of our study was to evaluate (1) the implementation of the toolkit by workplace ch ions and (2) the impact of the toolkit on sitting (primary outcome), standing, and moving use of activity-promoting strategies knowledge and attitudes and indicators of health and work performance. n implementation study using a pre-post design was conducted in 7 desk-based workplaces in Australia (September 2015 to May 2016), with work teams (one per workplace) purposively recruited to ensure representation across a range of sectors (white- or blue-collar), organizational sizes (small or medium or large), and locations (metropolitan or regional). All staff within participating teams were invited to participate in the relevant toolkit activities. Implementation outcomes (time commitment required by ch ions and toolkit activities completed) were collected from each ch ion via telephone interviews. Changes in impact outcomes, measured via a Web-based questionnaire completed by employees at baseline and 3 months postimplementation, were assessed using mixed models, correcting for clustering. h ions reported a 30-60 minutes per week time commitment to the toolkit activities. All teams formed a wellbeing committee and sent the staff surveys at both time points most ch ions held a staff consultation workshop (6/7), identified team-level strategies within that workshop (5/7), used the communication resources provided within the toolkit (emails, posters 6/7), and completed the action plan (5/7). In total, 52% (315 of ≈600) employees participated in at least one survey and 97 (16%) participated in both. At follow-up, there was a significant (P .05) reduction in self-reported workplace sitting time compared to baseline (−6.3%, 95% CI −10.1 to −2.5 n=85) equating to ≈30 minutes per workday. Significant benefits were also observed for the use of activity-promoting strategies, with small, nonsignificant changes observed for knowledge and attitudes and indicators of health and work performance. he beta version of the BeUpstanding Ch ion Toolkit was feasible to implement and effective in reducing self-reported workplace sitting across a broad range of desk-based workplaces. The next phase (Phase 3) will build on these findings to optimize the toolkit for wider-scale implementation and longer term evaluation.

Less Sitting for Preventing Type 2 Diabetes

Publisher: American Diabetes Association

Date: 30-09-2021

DOI: 10.2337/DCI21-0028

Search for a heavy Higgs boson decaying into two lighter Higgs bosons in the ττbb final state at 13 TeV

Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC

Date: 11-2021

DOI: 10.1007/JHEP11(2021)057

Abstract: A search for a heavy Higgs boson H decaying into the observed Higgs boson h with a mass of 125 GeV and another Higgs boson h S is presented. The h and h S bosons are required to decay into a pair of tau leptons and a pair of b quarks, respectively. The search uses a s le of proton-proton collisions collected with the CMS detector at a center-of-mass energy of 13 TeV, corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 137 fb −1 . Mass ranges of 240–3000 GeV for m H and 60–2800 GeV for $$ {m}_{{\\mathrm{h}}_{\\mathrm{S}}} $$ m h S are explored in the search. No signal has been observed. Model independent 95% confidence level upper limits on the product of the production cross section and the branching fractions of the signal process are set with a sensitivity ranging from 125 fb (for m H = 240 GeV) to 2 . 7 fb (for m H = 1000 GeV). These limits are compared to maximally allowed products of the production cross section and the branching fractions of the signal process in the next-to-minimal supersymmetric extension of the standard model.

Aerobic exercise and resistance training for the management of type 2 diabetes mellitus

Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC

Date: 25-03-2008

DOI: 10.1038/NCPENDMET0790

Objectively measured physical activity and the subsequent risk of incident dysglycemia: The Australian diabetes, obesity and lifestyle Study (AusDiab)

Publisher: American Diabetes Association

Date: 17-06-2011

DOI: 10.2337/DC10-2386

Abstract: To investigate pedometer-measured physical activity (PA) in 2000 and change in PA over 5 years with subsequent risk of dysglycemia by 2005. This prospective cohort study in Tasmania, Australia, analyzed 458 adults with normal glucose tolerance and a mean (SD) age of 49.7 (12.1) years in 2000. Variables assessed in 2000 and 2005 included PA, by pedometer and questionnaire, nutrient intake, and other lifestyle factors. Incident dysglycemia was defined as the development of impaired fasting glucose or impaired glucose tolerance revealed by oral glucose tolerance testing in 2005, without type 2 diabetes. Incident dysglycemia developed in 26 participants during the 5-year period. Higher daily steps in 2000 were independently associated with a lower 5-year risk of incident dysglycemia (adjusted odds ratio [AOR] 0.87 [95% CI 0.77–0.97] per 1,000-step increment). Higher daily steps in 2005, after controlling for baseline steps in 2000 (thus reflecting change in steps over 5 years), were not associated with incident dysglycemia (AOR 1.02 [0.92–1.14]). Higher daily steps in 2000 were also associated with lower fasting blood glucose, but not 2-h plasma glucose by 2005. Further adjustment for BMI or waist circumference did not remove these associations. Among community-dwelling adults, a higher rate of daily steps is associated with a reduced risk of incident dysglycemia. This effect appears to be not fully mediated through reduced adiposity.

Living well with diabetes: A randomized controlled trial of a telephone-delivered intervention for maintenance of weight loss, physical activity and glycaemic control in adults with type 2 diabetes

Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC

Date: 03-08-2010

DOI: 10.1186/1471-2458-10-452

Does high-intensity resistance training maintain bone mass during moderate weight loss in older overweight adults with type 2 diabetes?

Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC

Date: 04-06-2005

DOI: 10.1007/S00198-005-1906-4

Abstract: The aim was to investigate whether the addition of supervised high intensity progressive resistance training to a moderate weight loss program (RT+WLoss) could maintain bone mineral density (BMD) and lean mass compared to moderate weight loss (WLoss) alone in older overweight adults with type 2 diabetes. We also investigated whether any benefits derived from a supervised RT program could be sustained through an additional home-based program. This was a 12-month trial in which 36 sedentary, overweight adults aged 60 to 80 years with type 2 diabetes were randomized to either a supervised gymnasium-based RT+WLoss or WLoss program for 6 months (phase 1). Thereafter, all participants completed an additional 6-month home-based training without further dietary modification (phase 2). Total body and regional BMD and bone mineral content (BMC), fat mass (FM) and lean mass (LM) were assessed by DXA every 6 months. Diet, muscle strength (1-RM) and serum total testosterone, estradiol, SHBG, insulin and IGF-1 were measured every 3 months. No between group differences were detected for changes in any of the hormonal parameters at any measurement point. In phase 1, after 6 months of gymnasium-based training, weight and FM decreased similarly in both groups (P<0.01), but LM tended to increase in the RT+WLoss (n=16) relative to the WLoss (n=13) group [net difference (95% CI), 1.8% (0.2, 3.5), P<0.05]. Total body BMD and BMC remained unchanged in the RT+WLoss group, but decreased by 0.9 and 1.5%, respectively, in the WLoss group (interaction, P<0.05). Similar, though non-significant, changes were detected at the femoral neck and lumbar spine (L2-L4). In phase 2, after a further 6 months of home-based training, weight and FM increased significantly in both the RT+WLoss (n=14) and WLoss (n=12) group, but there were no significant changes in LM or total body or regional BMD or BMC in either group from 6 to 12 months. These results indicate that in older, overweight adults with type 2 diabetes, dietary modification should be combined with progressive resistance training to optimize the effects on body composition without having a negative effect on bone health.

Efficacy of an Online Physical Activity Intervention Coordinated With Routine Clinical Care: Protocol for a Pilot Randomized Controlled Trial

Publisher: JMIR Publications Inc.

Date: 03-11-2020

DOI: 10.2196/18891

Abstract: Most adults are not achieving recommended levels of physical activity (150 minutes/week, moderate-to-vigorous intensity). Inadequate activity levels are associated with numerous poor health outcomes, and clinical recommendations endorse physical activity in the front-line treatment of obesity, diabetes, dyslipidemia, and hypertension. A framework for physical activity prescription and referral has been developed, but has not been widely implemented. This may be due, in part, to the lack of feasible and effective physical activity intervention programs designed to coordinate with clinical care delivery. This manuscript describes the protocol for a pilot randomized controlled trial (RCT) that tests the efficacy of a 13-week online intervention for increasing physical activity in adult primary care patients (aged 21-70 years) reporting inadequate activity levels. The feasibility of implementing specific components of a physical activity clinical referral program, including screening for low activity levels and reporting patient program success to referring physicians, will also be examined. Analyses will include participant perspectives on maintaining physical activity. This pilot study includes a 3-month wait-listed control RCT (1:1 ratio within age strata 21-54 and 55-70 years). After the RCT primary end point at 3 months, wait-listed participants are offered the full intervention and all participants are followed to 6 months after starting the intervention program. Primary RCT outcomes include differences across randomized groups in average step count, moderate-to-vigorous physical activity, and sedentary behavior (minutes/day) derived from accelerometers. Maintenance of physical activity changes will be examined for all participants at 6 months after the intervention start. Recruitment took place between October 2018 and May 2019 (79 participants were randomized). Data collection was completed in February 2020. Primary data analyses are ongoing. The results of this study will inform the development of a clinical referral program for physical activity improvement that combines an online intervention with clinical screening for low activity levels, support for postintervention behavior maintenance, and feedback to the referring physician. ClinicalTrials.gov NCT03695016 t2/show/NCT03695016. DERR1-10.2196/18891

Sit less and move more for cardiovascular health: emerging insights and opportunities

Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC

Date: 20-05-2021

DOI: 10.1038/S41569-021-00547-Y

Influence of age and gender on fat mass, fat-free mass and skeletal muscle mass among Australian adults: The Australian Diabetes, Obesity and Lifestyle Study (AUSDIAB)

Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC

Date: 05-2014

DOI: 10.1007/S12603-014-0464-X

Abstract: Bioelectrical impedance (BIA) represents a simple, inexpensive and non-invasive method that is often used to assess fat-mass (FM) and fat-free mass (FFM) in large population-based cohorts. The aim of this study was to describe the reference ranges and examine the influence of age and gender on FM, FFM and skeletal muscle mass (SMM) as well as height-adjusted estimates of FM [fat mass index (FMI)], FFM [fat-free mass index (FFMI)] and SMM [SMM index (SMI)] in a national, population-based cohort of Australian adults. The analytical s le included a total of 8,582 adults aged 25-91 years of Europid origin with complete data involved in the cross-sectional 1999-2000 Australian, Diabetes, Obesity and Lifestyle (AusDiab) Study. Bioelectrical impedance analysis was used to examine components of body composition. Demographic information was derived from a household interview. For both genders, FFM, SMM and SMI decreased linearly from the age of 25 years, with the exception that in men SMI was not related to age and FFM peaked at age 38 years before declining thereafter. The relative loss from peak values to ≥75 years in FFM (6-8%) and SMM (11-15%) was similar between men and women. For FM and FMI, there was a curvilinear relationship with age in both genders, but peak values were detected 6-7 years later in women with a similar relative loss thereafter. For FFMI there was no change with age in men and a modest increase in women. In Australian adults there is heterogeneity in the age of onset, pattern and magnitude of changes in the different measures of muscle and fat mass derived from BIA, but overall the age-related losses were similar between men and women.

Validity and reliability of measures of television viewing time and other non-occupational sedentary behaviour of adults: a review

Publisher: Wiley

Date: 23-12-2009

DOI: 10.1111/J.1467-789X.2008.00508.X

A bi-directional relationship between obesity and health-related quality of life: Evidence from the longitudinal AusDiab study

Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC

Date: 10-05-2012

DOI: 10.1038/IJO.2011.103

Abstract: To assess the prospective relationship between obesity and health-related quality of life, including a novel assessment of the impact of health-related quality of life on weight gain. Longitudinal, national, population-based Australian Diabetes, Obesity and Lifestyle (AusDiab) study, with surveys conducted in 1999/2000 and 2004/2005. A total of 5985 men and women aged ≥ 25 years at study entry. At both time points, height, weight and waist circumference were measured and self-report data on health-related quality of life from the SF-36 questionnaire were obtained. Cross-sectional and bi-directional, prospective associations between obesity categories and health-related quality of life were assessed. Higher body mass index (BMI) at baseline was associated with deterioration in health-related quality of life over 5 years for seven of the eight health-related quality of life domains in women (all P ≤ 0.01, with the exception of mental health, P>0.05), and six out of eight in men (all P 0.05). Each of the quality-of-life domains related to mental health as well as the mental component summary were inversely associated with BMI change (all P<0.0001 for women and P ≤ 0.01 for men), with the exception of vitality, which was significant in women only (P=0.008). For the physical domains, change in BMI was inversely associated with baseline general health in women only (P=0.023). Obesity was associated with a deterioration in health-related quality of life (including both physical and mental health domains) in this cohort of Australian adults followed over 5 years. Health-related quality of life was also a predictor of weight gain over 5 years, indicating a bi-directional association between obesity and health-related quality of life. The identification of those with poor health-related quality of life may be important in assessing the risk of future weight gain, and a focus on health-related quality of life may be beneficial in weight management strategies.

Measurement of properties of $$ {\mathrm{B}}_{\mathrm{s}}^0 $$→ μ+μ− decays and search for B0→ μ+μ− with the CMS experiment

Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC

Date: 04-2020

DOI: 10.1007/JHEP04(2020)188

Too Much Sitting

Publisher: Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)

Date: 07-2010

DOI: 10.1097/JES.0B013E3181E373A2

Search for high mass dijet resonances with a new background prediction method in proton-proton collisions at $$ \sqrt{s} $$ = 13 TeV

Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC

Date: 05-2020

DOI: 10.1007/JHEP05(2020)033

Search for direct top squark pair production in events with one lepton, jets, and missing transverse momentum at 13 TeV with the CMS experiment

Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC

Date: 05-2020

DOI: 10.1007/JHEP05(2020)032

Excessive sitting at work and at home: Correlates of occupational sitting and TV viewing time in working adults

Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC

Date: 15-09-2015

DOI: 10.1186/S12889-015-2243-Y

Studies of Charm Quark Diffusion inside Jets Using Pb-Pb and pp

Publisher: American Physical Society (APS)

Date: 03-09-2020

DOI: 10.1103/PHYSREVLETT.125.102001

Validity of Self-Reported Measures of Workplace Sitting Time and Breaks in Sitting Time

Publisher: Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)

Date: 10-2011

DOI: 10.1249/MSS.0B013E31821820A2

Frequent walking, but not total physical activity, is associated with increased fracture incidence: A 5‐year follow‐up of an Australian population‐based prospective study (AusDiab)

Publisher: Wiley

Date: 21-06-2011

DOI: 10.1002/JBMR.363

Abstract: Current public health physical activity (PA) guidelines recommend that older adults accumulate ≥ 2.5 hours per week of moderate- to vigorous-intensity PA to optimize health. The aim of this study was to examine (1) whether adults who meet the current PA guidelines are at reduced risk of fracture, (2) whether fracture risk varies by PA type/intensity and frequency, and (3) whether prolonged TV viewing, as a marker of sedentary behavior, is associated with fracture risk. This national, population-based prospective study with a 5-year follow-up included 2780 postmenopausal women and 2129 men aged 50 years or older. Incident nontraumatic clinical fractures were self-reported. Overall, 307 (6.3%) participants sustained at least one incident low-trauma fracture (women 9.3%, men 2.3%). Multivariate logistic regression, adjusting for age, body mass index (BMI), physical function, previous fracture history, smoking, and dietary calcium and serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D levels, showed that women who walked more than 3 hours per week or completed at least 6 weekly bouts of walking had a 51% and 56% increased fracture risk, respectively, compared with women who did no walking [odds ratio (OR) time = 1.51, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.01-2.24 OR frequency = 1.56, 95% CI 1.07-2.27]. However, total and moderate to vigorous PA time and the accumulation of 2.5 hours per week or more of PA and TV viewing time were not associated with incident fractures. In men, there also was an increased fracture risk for those who walked more than 3 hours per week (OR = 2.30, 95% CI 1.06-4.97) compared with those who reported no walking. In conclusion, older adults who adhered to the current PA guidelines were not protected against fragility fractures, but more frequent walking was associated with an increased fracture risk.

Sedentary versus inactive: distinctions for disease prevention

Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC

Date: 25-10-2010

DOI: 10.1038/NRCARDIO.2010.68-C1

Search for the lepton flavor violating decay τ → 3μ in proton-proton collisions at $$ \sqrt{\mathrm{s}} $$ = 13 TeV

Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC

Date: 2021

DOI: 10.1007/JHEP01(2021)163

Abstract: Results are reported from a search for the lepton flavor violating decay τ → 3 μ in proton-proton collisions at $$ \\sqrt{\\mathrm{s}} $$ s = 13 TeV. The data s le corresponds to an integrated luminosity of 33.2 fb − 1 recorded by the CMS experiment at the LHC in 2016. The search exploits τ leptons produced in both W boson and heavy-flavor hadron decays. No significant excess above the expected background is observed. An upper limit on the branching fraction ℬ( τ → 3 μ ) of 8 . 0 × 10 − 8 at 90% confidence level is obtained, with an expected upper limit of 6 . 9 × 10 − 8 .

Dependence of inclusive jet production on the anti-kT distance parameter in pp collisions at $$ \sqrt{\mathrm{s}} $$ = 13 TeV

Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC

Date: 12-2020

DOI: 10.1007/JHEP12(2020)082

Abstract: The dependence of inclusive jet production in proton-proton collisions with a center-of-mass energy of 13 TeV on the distance parameter R of the anti- k T algorithm is studied using data corresponding to integrated luminosities up to 35.9 fb − 1 collected by the CMS experiment in 2016. The ratios of the inclusive cross sections as functions of transverse momentum p T and rapidity y , for R in the range 0.1 to 1.2 to those using R = 0 . 4 are presented in the region 84 p T 1588 GeV and | y | 2 . 0. The results are compared to calculations at leading and next-to-leading order in the strong coupling constant using different parton shower models. The variation of the ratio of cross sections with R is well described by calculations including a parton shower model, but not by a leading-order quantum chromodynamics calculation including nonperturbative effects. The agreement between the data and the theoretical predictions for the ratios of cross sections is significantly improved when next-to-leading order calculations with nonperturbative effects are used.

Improved endothelial function following a 14-month resistance exercise training program in adults with type 2 diabetes

Publisher: Elsevier BV

Date: 03-2008

DOI: 10.1016/J.DIABRES.2007.09.020

Abstract: We examined the effect of a 14-month progressive resistance training (PRT) program on endothelial function in both a supervised training (Center) group and non-supervised training (Home) group of patients with type 2 diabetes. We studied 28 men and women with type 2 diabetes who participated in a 14-month PRT involving an initial 2-month supervised program and a 12-month maintenance program. Endothelial function testing was performed through laser doppler flow responses in the skin microcirculation to iontophoresis of acetylcholine (ACh) and sodium nitroprusside (NaNP) and doses of 4, 8 and 16mC were used. Measurements of vascular response (VR), HbA1c, weight and blood pressure were performed at 0, 2 and 14 months. VR to ACh and NaNP was significantly increased at 14 months compared with baseline in both the Center and Home groups. However, no between-group differences were observed. A significant correlation was observed between HbA1c and VR to ACh at baseline and 8 weeks using 8mC dose of ACh. There was a strong correlation between HbA1c at baseline and VR at 14 months using all three doses of ACh (4mC:r=-0.546, p=0.003, 8mC:r=-0.470, p=0.002, 16mC:r=-0.547, p=0.006). Endothelial function is improved following 14 months of PRT in type 2 diabetes both in a supervised and non-supervised program. Strong correlations with HbA1c including initial HbA1c levels suggest that glycemic control may be an important factor in long-term regulation of endothelial function.

Effects of breaking up prolonged sitting on skeletal muscle gene expression

Publisher: American Physiological Society

Date: 15-02-2013

DOI: 10.1152/JAPPLPHYSIOL.00978.2012

Abstract: Breaking up prolonged sitting has been beneficially associated with cardiometabolic risk markers in both observational and intervention studies. We aimed to define the acute transcriptional events induced in skeletal muscle by breaks in sedentary time. Overweight/obese adults participated in a randomized three-period, three-treatment crossover trial in an acute setting. The three 5-h interventions were performed in the postprandial state after a standardized test drink and included seated position with no activity and seated with 2-min bouts of light- or moderate-intensity treadmill walking every 20 min. Vastus lateralis biopsies were obtained in eight participants after each treatment, and gene expression was examined using microarrays validated with real-time quantitative PCR. There were 75 differentially expressed genes between the three conditions. Pathway analysis indicated the main biological functions affected were related to small-molecule biochemistry, cellular development, growth and proliferation, and carbohydrate metabolism. Interestingly, differentially expressed genes were also linked to cardiovascular disease. For ex le, relative to prolonged sitting, activity bouts increased expression of nicotamide N-methyltransferase, which modulates anti-inflammatory and anti-oxidative pathways and triglyceride metabolism. Activity bouts also altered expression of 10 genes involved in carbohydrate metabolism, including increased expression of dynein light chain, which may regulate translocation of the GLUT-4 glucose transporter. In addition, breaking up sedentary time reversed the effects of chronic inactivity on expression of some specific genes. This study provides insight into the muscle regulatory systems and molecular processes underlying the physiological benefits induced by interrupting prolonged sitting.

Objectively Measured Sedentary Time, Physical Activity, and Metabolic Risk The Australian Diabetes, Obesity and Lifestyle Study (AusDiab)

Publisher: American Diabetes Association

Date: 02-2008

DOI: 10.2337/DC07-1795

Abstract: OBJECTIVE—We examined the associations of objectively measured sedentary time and physical activity with continuous indexes of metabolic risk in Australian adults without known diabetes. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS—An accelerometer was used to derive the percentage of monitoring time spent sedentary and in light-intensity and moderate-to-vigorous–intensity activity, as well as mean activity intensity, in 169 Australian Diabetes, Obesity and Lifestyle Study (AusDiab) participants (mean age 53.4 years). Associations with waist circumference, triglycerides, HDL cholesterol, resting blood pressure, fasting plasma glucose, and a clustered metabolic risk score were examined. RESULTS—Independent of time spent in moderate-to-vigorous–intensity activity, there were significant associations of sedentary time, light-intensity time, and mean activity intensity with waist circumference and clustered metabolic risk. Independent of waist circumference, moderate-to-vigorous–intensity activity time was significantly beneficially associated with triglycerides. CONCLUSIONS—These findings highlight the importance of decreasing sedentary time, as well as increasing time spent in physical activity, for metabolic health.

Measurement of the inclusive and differential Higgs boson production cross sections in the leptonic WW decay mode at $$ \sqrt{s} $$ = 13 TeV

Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC

Date: 03-2021

DOI: 10.1007/JHEP03(2021)003

Abstract: Measurements of the fiducial inclusive and differential production cross sections of the Higgs boson in proton-proton collisions at $$ \\sqrt{s} $$ s = 13 TeV are performed using events where the Higgs boson decays into a pair of W bosons that subsequently decay into a final state with an electron, a muon, and a pair of neutrinos. The analysis is based on data collected with the CMS detector at the LHC during 2016–2018, corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 137 fb − 1 . Production cross sections are measured as a function of the transverse momentum of the Higgs boson and the associated jet multiplicity. The Higgs boson signal is extracted and simultaneously unfolded to correct for selection efficiency and resolution effects using maximum-likelihood fits to the observed distributions in data. The integrated fiducial cross section is measured to be 86 . 5 ± 9 . 5 fb, consistent with the Standard Model expectation of 82 . 5 ± 4 . 2 fb. No significant deviation from the Standard Model expectations is observed in the differential measurements.

Too much sitting – A health hazard

Publisher: Elsevier BV

Date: 09-2012

DOI: 10.1016/J.DIABRES.2012.05.020

Abstract: In contemporary society, prolonged sitting has been engineered into our lives across many settings, including transportation, the workplace, and the home. There is new evidence that too much sitting (also known as sedentary behavior - which involves very low energy expenditure, such as television viewing and desk-bound work) is adversely associated with health outcomes, including cardio-metabolic risk biomarkers, type 2 diabetes and premature mortality. Importantly, these detrimental associations remain even after accounting for time spent in leisure time physical activity. We describe recent evidence from epidemiological and experimental studies that makes a persuasive case that too much sitting should now be considered an important stand-alone component of the physical activity and health equation, particularly in relation to diabetes and cardiovascular risk. We highlight directions for further research and consider some of the practical implications of focusing on too much sitting as a modifiable health risk.

Performance of the reconstruction and identification of high-momentum muons in proton-proton collisions at √s = 13 TeV

Publisher: IOP Publishing

Date: 28-02-2020

DOI: 10.1088/1748-0221/15/02/P02027

Recommendations for physical activity in older adults

Publisher: BMJ

Date: 21-01-2015

DOI: 10.1136/BMJ.H100

Just-In-Time Adaptive Intervention to Sit Less and Move More in People With Type 2 Diabetes: Protocol for a Microrandomized Trial

Publisher: JMIR Publications Inc.

Date: 06-09-2023

DOI: 10.2196/41502

Observation of a New Excited Beauty Strange Baryon Decaying to Ξb<

Publisher: American Physical Society (APS)

Date: 25-06-2021

DOI: 10.1103/PHYSREVLETT.126.252003

Workplace Sitting and Height-Adjustable Workstations

Publisher: Elsevier BV

Date: 2014

DOI: 10.1016/J.AMEPRE.2013.09.009

Abstract: Desk-based office employees sit for most of their working day. To address excessive sitting as a newly identified health risk, best practice frameworks suggest a multi-component approach. However, these approaches are resource intensive and knowledge about their impact is limited. To compare the efficacy of a multi-component intervention to reduce workplace sitting time, to a height-adjustable workstations-only intervention, and to a comparison group (usual practice). Three-arm quasi-randomized controlled trial in three separate administrative units of the University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia. Data were collected between January and June 2012 and analyzed the same year. Desk-based office workers aged 20-65 (multi-component intervention, n=16 workstations-only, n=14 comparison, n=14). The multi-component intervention comprised installation of height-adjustable workstations and organizational-level (management consultation, staff education, manager e-mails to staff) and in idual-level (face-to-face coaching, telephone support) elements. Workplace sitting time (minutes/8-hour workday) assessed objectively via activPAL3 devices worn for 7 days at baseline and 3 months (end-of-intervention). At baseline, the mean proportion of workplace sitting time was approximately 77% across all groups (multi-component group 366 minutes/8 hours [SD=49] workstations-only group 373 minutes/8 hours [SD=36], comparison 365 minutes/8 hours [SD=54]). Following intervention and relative to the comparison group, workplace sitting time in the multi-component group was reduced by 89 minutes/8-hour workday (95% CI=-130, -47 minutes p<0.001) and 33 minutes in the workstations-only group (95% CI=-74, 7 minutes, p=0.285). A multi-component intervention was successful in reducing workplace sitting. These findings may have important practical and financial implications for workplaces targeting sitting time reductions. Australian New Zealand Clinical Trials Registry 00363297.

Physical Activity, Television Viewing Time, and 12-Year Changes in Waist Circumference

Publisher: Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)

Date: 04-2016

DOI: 10.1249/MSS.0000000000000803

Associations of Strength Training with Impaired Glucose Metabolism

Publisher: Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)

Date: 02-2013

DOI: 10.1249/MSS.0B013E31826E6CD1

Environmental correlates of physical activity in Australian workplaces

Publisher: Emerald

Date: 30-03-2010

DOI: 10.1108/17538351011031911

Study of Z boson plus jets events using variables sensitive to double-parton scattering in pp collisions at 13 TeV

Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC

Date: 10-2021

DOI: 10.1007/JHEP10(2021)176

Abstract: Double-parton scattering is investigated using events with a Z boson and jets. The Z boson is reconstructed using only the dimuon channel. The measurements are performed with proton-proton collision data recorded by the CMS experiment at the LHC at $$ \sqrt{s} $$ s = 13 TeV, corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 35.9 fb − 1 collected in the year 2016. Differential cross sections of Z+ ≥ 1 jet and Z+ ≥ 2 jets are measured with transverse momentum of the jets above 20 GeV and pseudorapidity |η| 2 . 4. Several distributions with sensitivity to double-parton scattering effects are measured as functions of the angle and the transverse momentum imbalance between the Z boson and the jets. The measured distributions are compared with predictions from several event generators with different hadronization models and different parameter settings for multiparton interactions. The measured distributions show a dependence on the hadronization and multiparton interaction simulation parameters, and are important input for future improvements of the simulations.

Interrupting Sitting Time in Postmenopausal Women: Protocol for the Rise for Health Randomized Controlled Trial (Preprint)

Publisher: JMIR Publications Inc.

Date: 30-03-2021

DOI: 10.2196/PREPRINTS.28684

Abstract: any older adults spend the majority of their waking hours sitting, which increases their risk of chronic diseases. Given the challenges that many older adults face when engaging in moderate-to-vigorous physical activity, understanding the health benefits of decreasing sitting time and increasing the number of sit-to-stand transitions is needed to address this growing public health concern. he aim of this 3-arm randomized controlled trial is to investigate how changes in sitting time and brief sit-to-stand transitions impact biomarkers of healthy aging and physical, emotional, and cognitive functioning compared with a healthy attention control arm. edentary and postmenopausal women (N=405) will be recruited and randomly assigned to 1 of the 3 study conditions for 3 months: healthy living attention control (Healthy Living), reduce sitting time (Reduce Sitting), and increase sit-to-stand transitions (Increase Transitions). Assessments conducted at baseline and 3 months included fasting blood draw, blood pressure, anthropometric measurements, physical functioning, cognitive testing, and 7 days of a thigh-worn accelerometer (activPAL) and a hip-worn accelerometer (ActiGraph). Blood-based biomarkers of healthy aging included those associated with glycemic control (glycated hemoglobin, fasting plasma insulin and glucose, and homeostatic model assessment of insulin resistance). ecruitment began in May 2018. The intervention is ongoing, with data collection expected to continue through the end of 2022. he Rise for Health study is designed to test whether 2 different approaches to interrupting sitting time can improve healthy aging in postmenopausal women. Results from this study may inform the development of sedentary behavior guidelines and interventions to reduce sitting time in older adults. linicalTrials.gov NCT03473145 t2/show/NCT03473145 ERR1-10.2196/28684

Associations between social ecological factors and self-reported short physical activity breaks during work hours among desk-based employees

Publisher: Elsevier BV

Date: 07-2011

DOI: 10.1016/J.YPMED.2011.05.015

Abstract: To examine the associations between potential social ecological correlates and self-reported short physical activity breaks during work hours (defined as any interruption in sitting time during a typical work hour) among a s le of employees who commonly sit for working tasks. 801 employed adults aged 18-70 years from metropolitan Melbourne, Australia were surveyed in 2009 about their short physical activity breaks from sitting during work hours and potential social ecological correlates of this behaviour. Men reported significantly more short physical activity breaks per work hour than did women (2.5 vs. 2.3 breaks/h, p=0.02). A multivariable linear regression analysis adjusting for clustering and meeting the public health physical activity recommendations showed that the factors associated with frequency of short physical activity breaks per work hour were perceptions of lack of time for short physical activity breaks for men (-0.31 breaks/h, 95% confidence intervals [CI] -0.52, -0.09) and lack of information about taking short physical activity breaks for women (-0.20 breaks/h, CI -0.47, -0.05). These findings suggest that providing male employees with support for short physical activity breaks during work hours, and female employees with information on benefits of this behaviour may be useful for reducing workplace sedentary time.

Organizational-Level Strategies With or Without an Activity Tracker to Reduce Office Workers’ Sitting Time: Rationale and Study Design of a Pilot Cluster-Randomized Trial

Publisher: JMIR Publications Inc.

Date: 25-05-2016

DOI: 10.2196/RESPROT.5438

Prolonged sedentary time and physical activity in workplace and non-work contexts: a cross-sectional study of office, customer service and call centre employees

Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC

Date: 26-10-2012

DOI: 10.1186/1479-5868-9-128

Abstract: To examine sedentary time, prolonged sedentary bouts and physical activity in Australian employees from different workplace settings, within work and non-work contexts. A convenience s le of 193 employees working in offices (131), call centres (36) and customer service (26) was recruited. Actigraph GT1M accelerometers were used to derive percentages of time spent sedentary ( counts per minute cpm), in prolonged sedentary bouts (≥20 minutes or ≥30 minutes), light-intensity activity (100–1951 cpm) and moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA ≥1952 cpm). Using mixed models adjusted for confounders, these were compared for: work days versus non-work days work hours versus non-work hours (work days only) and, across workplace settings. Working hours were mostly spent sedentary (77.0%, 95%CI: 76.3, 77.6), with approximately half of this time accumulated in prolonged bouts of 20 minutes or more. There were significant (p .05) differences in all outcomes between workdays and non-work days, and, on workdays, between work- versus non-work hours. Results consistently showed “work” was more sedentary and had less light-intensity activity, than “non-work”. The period immediately after work appeared important for MVPA. There were significant (p .05) differences in all sedentary and activity outcomes occurring during work hours across the workplace settings. Call-centre workers were generally the most sedentary and least physically active at work customer service workers were typically the least sedentary and the most active at work. The workplace is a key setting for prolonged sedentary time, especially for some occupational groups, and the potential health risk burden attached requires investigation. Future workplace regulations and health promotion initiatives for sedentary occupations to reduce prolonged sitting time should be considered.

Dietary Quality Is Associated with Diabetes and Cardio-Metabolic Risk Factors

Publisher: Elsevier BV

Date: 04-2009

DOI: 10.3945/JN.108.096784

Abstract: In this study, our aim was to investigate the associations between diet quality and newly diagnosed diabetes, prediabetes, and cardio-metabolic risk factors. The analysis was based on 7441 participants of the Australian Diabetes, Obesity and Lifestyle study, a cross-sectional study of adults aged > or =25 y involving a 75-g oral glucose tolerance test. Diet quality was assessed via a dietary guideline index and FFQ data. Associations between diet quality and diabetes, prediabetes (impaired fasting glycemia, impaired glucose tolerance), and cardiovascular risk factors were investigated using linear and logistic regression adjusted for age, education, smoking, physical activity, sedentary behavior, and BMI. Higher diet quality was significantly associated with lower systolic and diastolic blood pressure among men, lower fasting plasma glucose among men and women, and lower systolic blood pressure, fasting plasma insulin, and 2-h plasma glucose and greater insulin sensitivity among women. Diet quality was inversely associated with abdominal obesity [odds ratio (OR) for top quartile: 0.68, 0.48-0.96], hypertension (OR: 0.50, 0.31-0.81), and type 2 diabetes (OR: 0.38, 0.18-0.80) among men. Lack of compliance with established dietary guidelines was associated with type 2 diabetes and cardio-metabolic risk factors. Further work is required to determine whether this dietary index has predictive validity for health in longitudinal studies.

The Rising Prevalence of Diabetes and Impaired Glucose Tolerance

Publisher: American Diabetes Association

Date: 05-2002

DOI: 10.2337/DIACARE.25.5.829

Abstract: OBJECTIVE—To determine the population-based prevalence of diabetes and other categories of glucose intolerance (impaired glucose tolerance [IGT] and impaired fasting glucose [IFG]) in Australia and to compare the prevalence with previous Australian data. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS—A national s le involving 11,247 participants aged ≥25 years living in 42 randomly selected areas from the six states and the Northern Territory were examined in a cross-sectional survey using the 75-g oral glucose tolerance test to assess fasting and 2-h plasma glucose concentrations. The World Health Organization diagnostic criteria were used to determine the prevalence of abnormal glucose tolerance. RESULTS—The prevalence of diabetes in Australia was 8.0% in men and 6.8% in women, and an additional 17.4% of men and 15.4% of women had IGT or IFG. Even in the youngest age group (25–34 years), 5.7% of subjects had abnormal glucose tolerance. The overall diabetes prevalence in Australia was 7.4%, and an additional 16.4% had IGT or IFG. Diabetes prevalence has more than doubled since 1981, and this is only partially explained by changes in age profile and obesity. CONCLUSIONS—Australia has a rapidly rising prevalence of diabetes and other categories of abnormal glucose tolerance. The prevalence of abnormal glucose tolerance in Australia is one of the highest yet reported from a developed nation with a predominantly Europid background.

Motivational Counseling to Reduce Sitting Time

Publisher: Elsevier BV

Date: 11-2014

DOI: 10.1016/J.AMEPRE.2014.06.020

Abstract: Sedentary behavior is regarded as a distinct risk factor for cardiometabolic morbidity and mortality, but knowledge of the efficacy of interventions targeting reductions in sedentary behavior is limited. To investigate the effect of an in idualized face-to-face motivational counseling intervention aimed at reducing sitting time. A randomized, controlled, observer-blinded, community-based trial with two parallel groups using open-end randomization with 1:1 allocation. A total of 166 sedentary adults were consecutively recruited from the population-based Health2010 Study. Participants were randomized to a control (usual lifestyle) or intervention group with four in idual theory-based counseling sessions. Objectively measured overall sitting time (ActivPAL 3TM, 7 days) secondary measures were breaks in sitting time, anthropometric measures, and cardiometabolic biomarkers, assessed at baseline and after 6 months. Data were collected in 2010-2012 and analyzed in 2013-2014 using repeated measures multiple regression analyses. Ninety-three participants were randomized to the intervention group and 73 to the control group, and 149 completed the study. The intervention group had a mean sitting time decrease of -0.27 hours/day, corresponding to 2.9% of baseline sitting time (hours/day) the control group increased mean sitting time by 0.06 hours/day. The between-group difference in change, -0.32 hours/day (95% CI=-0.87, 0.24, p=0.26), was not statistically significant. Significant differences in change in fasting serum insulin of -5.9 pmol/L (95% CI=-11.4, -0.5, p=0.03) homeostasis model assessment-estimated insulin resistance of -0.28 (95% CI=-0.53, -0.03, p=0.03) and waist circumference of -1.42 cm (95% CI=-2.54, -0.29, p=0.01) were observed in favor of the intervention group. Although the observed decrease in sitting time was not significant, a community-based, in idually tailored, theory-based intervention program aimed at reducing sitting time may be effective for increasing standing and improving cardiometabolic health in sedentary adults. This study is registered at Clinicaltrials.gov (NCT00289237).

High-Intensity Resistance Training Improves Glycemic Control in Older Patients With Type 2 Diabetes

Publisher: American Diabetes Association

Date: 10-2002

DOI: 10.2337/DIACARE.25.10.1729

Abstract: OBJECTIVE—To examine the effect of high-intensity progressive resistance training combined with moderate weight loss on glycemic control and body composition in older patients with type 2 diabetes. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS—Sedentary, overweight men and women with type 2 diabetes, aged 60–80 years (n = 36), were randomized to high-intensity progressive resistance training plus moderate weight loss (RT & WL group) or moderate weight loss plus a control program (WL group). Clinical and laboratory measurements were assessed at 0, 3, and 6 months. RESULTS—HbA1c fell significantly more in RT & WL than WL at 3 months (0.6 ± 0.7 vs. 0.07 ± 0.8%, P & 0.05) and 6 months (1.2 ± 1.0 vs. 0.4 ± 0.8%, P & 0.05). Similar reductions in body weight (RT & WL 2.5 ± 2.9 vs. WL 3.1 ± 2.1 kg) and fat mass (RT & WL 2.4 ± 2.7 vs. WL 2.7 ± 2.5 kg) were observed after 6 months. In contrast, lean body mass (LBM) increased in the RT & WL group (0.5 ± 1.1 kg) and decreased in the WL group (0.4 ± 1.0) after 6 months (P & 0.05). There were no between-group differences for fasting glucose, insulin, serum lipids and lipoproteins, or resting blood pressure. CONCLUSIONS—High-intensity progressive resistance training, in combination with moderate weight loss, was effective in improving glycemic control in older patients with type 2 diabetes. Additional benefits of improved muscular strength and LBM identify high-intensity resistance training as a feasible and effective component in the management program for older patients with type 2 diabetes.

Search for long-lived particles using displaced jets in proton-proton collisions at s<

Publisher: American Physical Society (APS)

Date: 30-07-2021

DOI: 10.1103/PHYSREVD.104.012015

Association between impaired glucose metabolism and quality of life: Results from the Australian diabetes obesity and lifestyle study

Publisher: Elsevier BV

Date: 11-2006

DOI: 10.1016/J.DIABRES.2006.03.012

Abstract: We examined the association of quality of life with glucose tolerance status in an Australian population to determine the stage in the development of diabetes that quality of life is impaired. The Australian Diabetes, Obesity and Lifestyle study (AusDiab) was a population-based study of 11,247 people from randomly selected areas of Australia. As part of the study, participants underwent an oral glucose tolerance test and completed the SF-36 quality of life questionnaire. Previously diagnosed diabetes was associated with a significantly greater risk of being in the lowest quartile of each dimension of the SF-36 scale (except for mental health) and this association was only partially attenuated by adjustment for age, sex, body mass index (BMI), physical activity and treatment for hypertension and lipid abnormalities (adjusted odds ratios [95% CI]: bodily pain, 1.51 [1.18-1.94] general health, 2.20 [1.64-2.95] physical functioning, 1.50 [1.10-2.05] role limitation (emotional), 1.43 [1.07-1.91] role limitation (physical), 1.57 [1.13-2.18] social functioning, 1.93 [1.46-2.54] and vitality, 2.24 [1.56-3.22]. Among those with newly diagnosed diabetes (NDM) and impaired glucose tolerance (IGT), there was also evidence of reduced quality of life on some dimensions of the SF-36 scale (NDM, general health, physical functioning and role limitation (physical) IGT, physical functioning and social functioning) after adjustment for confounders. These findings show that diabetes is associated with a reduced quality of life and that this is evident in the early stage of the disease, particularly in relation to the ability to perform physical activities.

Examination of mid-intervention mediating effects on objectively assessed sedentary time among children in the Transform-Us! cluster-randomized controlled trial

Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC

Date: 20-05-2013

DOI: 10.1186/1479-5868-10-62

Abstract: The optimal targets and strategies for effectively reducing sedentary behavior among young people are unknown. Intervention research that explores changes in mediated effects as well as in outcome behaviors is needed to help inform more effective interventions. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to examine the mid-intervention mediating effects on children’s objectively assessed classroom and total weekday sedentary time in the Transform-Us! intervention. The results are based on 293 children, aged 7- to 9-years-old at baseline, from 20 schools in Melbourne, Australia. Each school was randomly allocated to one of four groups, which targeted reducing sedentary time in the school and family settings (SB n = 74), increasing or maintaining moderate- to vigorous-intensity physical activity in the school and family settings (PA n = 75), combined SB and PA (SB + PA n = 80), or the current practice control (C n = 64). Baseline and mid-intervention data (5–9 months) were collected in 2010 and analyzed in 2012. Classroom and total weekday sedentary time was objectively assessed using ActiGraph accelerometers. The hypothesized mediators including, child enjoyment, parent and teacher outcome expectancies, and child perceived access to standing opportunities in the classroom environment, were assessed by questionnaire. The SB + PA group spent 13.3 min/day less in weekday sedentary time at mid-intervention compared to the control group. At mid-intervention, children in the SB group had higher enjoyment of standing in class (0.9 units 5-unit scale) and all intervention groups had more positive perceptions of access to standing opportunities in the classroom environment (0.3-0.4 units 3-unit scale), compared to the control group. However, none of the hypothesized mediator variables had an effect on sedentary time thus, no mediating effects were observed. While beneficial intervention effects were observed on some hypothesized mediating variables and total weekday sedentary time at mid-intervention, no significant mediating effects were found. Given the dearth of existing information, future intervention research is needed that explores mediated effects. More work is also needed on the development of reliable mediator measures that are sensitive to change overtime. ACTRN12609000715279 ISRCTN83725066

Search for an excited lepton that decays via a contact interaction to a lepton and two jets in proton-proton collisions at $$ \sqrt{s} $$ = 13 TeV

Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC

Date: 05-2020

DOI: 10.1007/JHEP05(2020)052

The lifestyle of our kids (LOOK) project: Outline of methods

Publisher: Elsevier BV

Date: 2009

DOI: 10.1016/J.JSAMS.2007.03.009

Abstract: This methods paper outlines the overall design of a community-based multidisciplinary longitudinal study with the intent to stimulate interest and communication from scientists and practitioners studying the role of physical activity in preventive medicine. In adults, lack of regular exercise is a major risk factor in the development of chronic degenerative diseases and is a major contributor to obesity, and now we have evidence that many of our children are not sufficiently active to prevent early symptoms of chronic disease. The lifestyle of our kids (LOOK) study investigates how early physical activity contributes to health and development, utilizing a longitudinal design and a cohort of eight hundred and thirty 7-8-year-old (grade 2) school children followed to age 11-12 years (grade 6), their average family income being very close to that of Australia. We will test two hypotheses, that (a) the quantity and quality of physical activity undertaken by primary school children will influence their psychological and physical health and development (b) compared with existing practices in primary schools, a physical education program administered by visiting specialists will enhance health and development, and lead to a more positive perception of physical activity. To test the first hypothesis we will monitor all children longitudinally over the 4 years. To test the second we will involve an intervention group of 430 children who receive two 50min physical education classes every week from visiting specialists and a control group of 400 who continue with their usual primary school physical education with their class-room teachers. At the end of grades 2, 4, and 6 we will measure several areas of health and development including blood risk factors for chronic disease, cardiovascular structure and function, physical fitness, psychological characteristics and perceptions of physical activity, bone structure and strength, motor control, body composition, nutritional intake, influence of teachers and family, and academic performance.

Search for chargino-neutralino production in events with Higgs and W bosons using 137 fb−1 of proton-proton collisions at $$ \sqrt{s} $$ = 13 TeV

Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC

Date: 10-2021

DOI: 10.1007/JHEP10(2021)045

Abstract: A search for electroweak production of supersymmetric (SUSY) particles in final states with one lepton, a Higgs boson decaying to a pair of bottom quarks, and large missing transverse momentum is presented. The search uses data from proton-proton collisions at a center-of-mass energy of 13 TeV collected using the CMS detector at the LHC, corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 137 fb − 1 . The observed yields are consistent with backgrounds expected from the standard model. The results are interpreted in the context of a simplified SUSY model of chargino-neutralino production, with the chargino decaying to a W boson and the lightest SUSY particle (LSP) and the neutralino decaying to a Higgs boson and the LSP. Charginos and neutralinos with masses up to 820 GeV are excluded at 95% confidence level when the LSP mass is small, and LSPs with mass up to 350 GeV are excluded when the masses of the chargino and neutralino are approximately 700 GeV.

Sedentary Behavior: Emerging Evidence for a New Health Risk

Publisher: Elsevier BV

Date: 12-2010

DOI: 10.4065/MCP.2010.0444

Diverse strategies are needed to support physical activity engagement in women who have had breast cancer

Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC

Date: 21-10-2023

DOI: 10.1007/S00520-023-08113-7

Measurement of quark- and gluon-like jet fractions using jet charge in PbPb and pp collisions at 5.02 TeV

Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC

Date: 07-2020

DOI: 10.1007/JHEP07(2020)115

Abstract: The momentum-weighted sum of the electric charges of particles inside a jet, known as jet charge, is sensitive to the electric charge of the particle initiating the parton shower. This paper presents jet charge distributions in $$ \\sqrt{s_{\\mathrm{NN}}} $$ s NN = 5 . 02 TeV lead-lead (PbPb) and proton-proton (pp) collisions recorded with the CMS detector at the LHC. These data correspond to integrated luminosities of 404 μ b − 1 and 27.4 pb − 1 for PbPb and pp collisions, respectively. Leveraging the sensitivity of the jet charge to fundamental differences in the electric charges of quarks and gluons, the jet charge distributions from simulated events are used as templates to extract the quark- and gluon-like jet fractions from data. The modification of these jet fractions is examined by comparing pp and PbPb data as a function of the overlap of the colliding Pb nuclei (centrality). This measurement tests the color charge dependence of jet energy loss due to interactions with the quark-gluon plasma. No significant modification between different centrality classes and with respect to pp results is observed in the extracted quark- and gluon-like jet fractions.

Excessive occupational sitting is not a “safe system of work”: time for doctors to get chatting with patients

Publisher: AMPCo

Date: 08-2014

DOI: 10.5694/MJA13.00037

Exercise prescription for patients with type 2 diabetes and pre-diabetes: A position statement from Exercise and Sport Science Australia

Publisher: Elsevier BV

Date: 2012

DOI: 10.1016/J.JSAMS.2011.04.005

Abstract: Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and pre-diabetic conditions such as impaired fasting glucose (IFG) and/or impaired glucose tolerance (IGT) are rapidly increasing in prevalence. There is compelling evidence that T2DM is more likely to develop in in iduals who are insufficiently active. Exercise training, often in combination with other lifestyle strategies, has beneficial effects on preventing the onset of T2DM and improving glycaemic control in those with pre-diabetes. In addition, exercise training improves cardiovascular risk profile, body composition and cardiorespiratory fitness, all strongly related to better health outcomes. Based on the evidence, it is recommended that patients with T2DM or pre-diabetes accumulate a minimum of 210 min per week of moderate-intensity exercise or 125 min per week of vigorous intensity exercise with no more than two consecutive days without training. Vigorous intensity exercise is more time efficient and may also result in greater benefits in appropriate in iduals with consideration of complications and contraindications. It is further recommended that two or more resistance training sessions per week (2-4 sets of 8-10 repetitions) should be included in the total 210 or 125 min of moderate or vigorous exercise, respectively. It is also recommended that, due to the high prevalence and incidence of comorbid conditions in patients with T2DM, exercise training programs should be written and delivered by in iduals with appropriate qualifications and experience to recognise and accommodate comorbidities and complications.

Search for a heavy resonance decaying to a top quark and a W boson at $$ \sqrt{s} $$ = 13 TeV in the fully hadronic final state

Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC

Date: 12-2021

DOI: 10.1007/JHEP12(2021)106

Abstract: A search for a heavy resonance decaying to a top quark and a W boson in the fully hadronic final state is presented. The analysis is performed using data from proton-proton collisions at a center-of-mass energy of 13 TeV, corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 137 fb − 1 recorded by the CMS experiment at the LHC. The search is focused on heavy resonances, where the decay products of each top quark or W boson are expected to be reconstructed as a single, large-radius jet with a distinct substructure. The production of an excited bottom quark, b * , is used as a benchmark when setting limits on the cross section for a heavy resonance decaying to a top quark and a W boson. The hypotheses of b * quarks with left-handed, right-handed, and vector-like chiralities are excluded at 95% confidence level for masses below 2.6, 2.8, and 3.1 TeV, respectively. These are the most stringent limits on the b * quark mass to date, extending the previous best limits by almost a factor of two.

Maximum-entropy weighting of multiple earth climate models

Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC

Date: 04-09-2011

DOI: 10.1007/S00382-011-1163-5

Sedentary Behaviors and Subsequent Health Outcomes in Adults

Publisher: Elsevier BV

Date: 08-2011

DOI: 10.1016/J.AMEPRE.2011.05.004

Abstract: To systematically review and provide an informative synthesis of findings from longitudinal studies published since 1996 reporting on relationships between self-reported sedentary behavior and device-based measures of sedentary time with health-related outcomes in adults. Studies published between 1996 and January 2011 were identified by examining existing literature reviews and by systematic searches in Web of Science, MEDLINE, PubMed, and PsycINFO. English-written articles were selected according to study design, targeted behavior, and health outcome. Forty-eight articles met the inclusion criteria of these, 46 incorporated self-reported measures including total sitting time TV viewing time only TV viewing time and other screen-time behaviors and TV viewing time plus other sedentary behaviors. Findings indicate a consistent relationship of self-reported sedentary behavior with mortality and with weight gain from childhood to the adult years. However, findings were mixed for associations with disease incidence, weight gain during adulthood, and cardiometabolic risk. Of the three studies that used device-based measures of sedentary time, one showed that markers of obesity predicted sedentary time, whereas inconclusive findings have been observed for markers of insulin resistance. There is a growing body of evidence that sedentary behavior may be a distinct risk factor, independent of physical activity, for multiple adverse health outcomes in adults. Prospective studies using device-based measures are required to provide a clearer understanding of the impact of sedentary time on health outcomes.

Observation of electroweak production of Wγ with two jets in proton-proton collisions at s

Publisher: Elsevier BV

Date: 12-2020

DOI: 10.1016/J.PHYSLETB.2020.135988

Home-based resistance training is not sufficient to maintain improved glycemic control following supervised training in older individuals with type 2 diabetes.

Publisher: American Diabetes Association

Date: 2005

DOI: 10.2337/DIACARE.28.1.3

Abstract: OBJECTIVE—To examine whether improvements in glycemic control and body composition resulting from 6 months of supervised high-intensity progressive resistance training could be maintained after an additional 6 months of home-based resistance training. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS—We performed a 12-month randomized controlled trial in 36 sedentary, overweight men and women with type 2 diabetes (aged 60–80 years) who were randomly assigned to moderate weight loss plus high-intensity progressive resistance training (RT& WL group) or moderate weight loss plus a control program (WL group). Supervised gymnasium-based training for 6 months was followed by an additional 6 months of home-based training. Glycemic control (HbA1c), body composition, muscle strength, and metabolic syndrome abnormalities were assessed at 0, 3, 6, 9, and 12 months. RESULTS—Compared with the WL group, HbA1c decreased significantly more in the RT& WL group (−0.8%) during 6 months of supervised gymnasium-based training however, this effect was not maintained after an additional 6 months of home-based training. In contrast, the greater increase in lean body mass (LBM) observed in the RT& WL group compared with the WL group (0.9 kg, P & 0.05) after the gymnasium-based training tended to be maintained after the home-based training (0.8 kg, P = 0.08). Similarly, the gymnasium-based increases in upper body and lower body muscle strength in the RT& WL group were maintained over the 12 months (P & 0.001). There were no between-group differences for changes in body weight, fat mass, fasting glucose, or insulin at 6 or 12 months. CONCLUSIONS—In older adults with type 2 diabetes, home-based progressive resistance training was effective for maintaining the gymnasium-based improvements in muscle strength and LBM but not glycemic control. Reductions in adherence and exercise training volume and intensity seem to impede the effectiveness of home-based training for maintaining improved glycemic control.

Search for disappearing tracks in proton-proton collisions at s

Publisher: Elsevier BV

Date: 07-2020

DOI: 10.1016/J.PHYSLETB.2020.135502

Combination of the W boson polarization measurements in top quark decays using ATLAS and CMS data at $$ \sqrt{s} $$ = 8 TeV

Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC

Date: 08-2020

DOI: 10.1007/JHEP08(2020)051

Abstract: The combination of measurements of the W boson polarization in top quark decays performed by the ATLAS and CMS collaborations is presented. The measurements are based on proton-proton collision data produced at the LHC at a centre-of-mass energy of 8 TeV, and corresponding to an integrated luminosity of about 20 fb − 1 for each experiment. The measurements used events containing one lepton and having different jet multiplicities in the final state. The results are quoted as fractions of W bosons with longitudinal ( F 0 ), left-handed ( F L ), or right-handed ( F R ) polarizations. The resulting combined measurements of the polarization fractions are F 0 = 0 . 693 ± 0 . 014 and F L = 0 . 315 ± 0 . 011. The fraction F R is calculated from the unitarity constraint to be F R = − 0 . 008 ± 0 . 007. These results are in agreement with the standard model predictions at next-to-next-to-leading order in perturbative quantum chromodynamics and represent an improvement in precision of 25 (29)% for F 0 ( F L ) with respect to the most precise single measurement. A limit on anomalous right-handed vector ( V R ), and left- and right-handed tensor ( g L , g R ) tWb couplings is set while fixing all others to their standard model values. The allowed regions are [ − 0 . 11 , 0 . 16] for V R , [ − 0 . 08 , 0 . 05] for g L , and [ − 0 . 04 , 0 . 02] for g R , at 95% confidence level. Limits on the corresponding Wilson coefficients are also derived.

Correction

Publisher: Elsevier BV

Date: 04-2011

DOI: 10.1016/J.JACC.2011.03.006

Sedentary time and cardio-metabolic biomarkers in US adults: NHANES 2003–06

Publisher: Oxford University Press (OUP)

Date: 11-01-2011

DOI: 10.1093/EURHEARTJ/EHQ451

Evidence for X(3872) in Pb-Pb Collisions and Studies of its Prompt Production at s

Publisher: American Physical Society (APS)

Date: 19-01-2022

DOI: 10.1103/PHYSREVLETT.128.032001

The very forward CASTOR calorimeter of the CMS experiment

Publisher: IOP Publishing

Date: 08-02-2021

DOI: 10.1088/1748-0221/16/02/P02010

Independent and joint associations of TV viewing time and snack food consumption with the metabolic syndrome and its components; a cross-sectional study in Australian adults

Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC

Date: 2013

DOI: 10.1186/1479-5868-10-96

Identifying Subgroups of U.S. Adults at Risk for Prolonged Television Viewing to Inform Program Development

Publisher: Elsevier BV

Date: 2010

DOI: 10.1016/J.AMEPRE.2009.08.032

Abstract: Although adverse health effects of prolonged TV viewing have been increasingly recognized, little population-wide information is available concerning subgroups at greatest risk for this behavior. This study sought to identify, in a U.S. population-derived s le, combinations of variables that defined subgroups with higher versus lower levels of usual TV-viewing time. A total of 5556 adults from a national consumer panel participated in the mail survey in 2001 (55% women, 71% white, 13% black, and 11% Hispanic). Nonparametric risk classification analyses were conducted in 2008. Subgroups with the highest proportions of people watching >14 hours/week of TV were identified and described using a combination of demographic (i.e., lower household incomes, orced/separated) health and mental health (i.e., poorer rated overall health, higher BMI, more depression) and behavioral (i.e., eating dinner in front of the TV, smoking, less physical activity) variables. The subgroup with the highest rates of TV viewing routinely ate dinner while watching TV and had lower income and poorer health. Prolonged TV viewing also was associated with perceived aspects of the neighborhood environment (i.e., heavy traffic and crime, lack of neighborhood lighting, and poor scenery). The results can help inform intervention development in this increasingly important behavioral health area.

Observation of Forward Neutron Multiplicity Dependence of Dimuon Acoplanarity in Ultraperipheral Pb-Pb Collisions at

Publisher: American Physical Society (APS)

Date: 17-09-2021

DOI: 10.1103/PHYSREVLETT.127.122001

The Associations of COVID-19 Lockdown Restrictions With Longer-Term Activity Levels of Working Adults With Type 2 Diabetes: Cohort Study (Preprint)

Publisher: JMIR Publications Inc.

Date: 05-01-2022

DOI: 10.2196/PREPRINTS.36181

Abstract: ockdown restrictions reduce COVID-19 community transmission however, they may pose challenges for noncommunicable disease management. A 112-day hard lockdown in Victoria, Australia (commencing March 23, 2020) coincided with an intervention trial of reducing and breaking up sitting time in desk workers with type 2 diabetes who were using a provided consumer-grade activity tracker (Fitbit). his study aims to compare continuously recorded activity levels preceding and during COVID-19 lockdown restrictions among working adults with type 2 diabetes participating in a sitting less and moving more intervention. total of 11 participants (n=8 male mean age 52.8, SD 5 years) in Melbourne, Australia had Fitbit activity tracked before (mean 122.7, SD 47.9 days) and during (mean 99.7, SD 62.5 days) citywide COVID-19 lockdown restrictions. Regression models compared device (Fitbit Inspire HR)–derived activity (steps metabolic equivalent tasks [METs] mean time in sedentary, lightly, fairly, and very active minutes and usual bout durations) during restrictions to prerestrictions. Changes in activity were statistically significant when estimates (Δ%) did not intercept zero. verall, there was a decrease in mean steps (–1584 steps/day Δ% –9%, 95% CI –11% to –7%) METs (–83 METs/day Δ% –5%, 95% CI –6% to –5%) and lightly active (Δ% –4%, 95% CI –8% to –1%), fairly active (Δ% –8%, 95% CI –21% to –15%), and very active (Δ% –8%, 95% CI –11% to –5%) intensity minutes per day, and increases in mean sedentary minutes per day (51 mins/day Δ% 3%, 95% CI 1%-6%). Only very active (+5.1 mins) and sedentary (+4.3 mins) bout durations changed significantly. n a convenience s le of adults with type 2 diabetes, COVID-19 lockdown restrictions were associated with decreases in overall activity levels and increases in very active and sedentary bout durations. A Fitbit monitor provided meaningful continuous long-term data in this context. ustralian New Zealand Clinical Trials Registry ACTRN12618001159246 anzctr.org.au/Trial/Registration/TrialReview.aspx?ACTRN=12618001159246

Effect of dietary fish and exercise training on urinary F2-isoprostane excretion in non-insulin-dependent diabetic patients

Publisher: Elsevier BV

Date: 11-1999

DOI: 10.1016/S0026-0495(99)90150-6

Abstract: Despite the potential benefits of dietary treatment with marine omega3 fatty acids in cardiovascular disease, there remains concern with respect to their potential for increased lipid peroxidation. Thus far, data from in vivo studies are inconclusive. Increased lipid peroxidation has also been associated with acute exercise in some studies, but the methods have been nonspecific. The quantitation of F2-isoprostanes provides a more reliable and useful assessment of in vivo lipid peroxidation. We therefore aimed to assess the independent and combined effects of dietary omega3 fatty acids and aerobic exercise training on urinary F2-isoprostane levels in dyslipidemic non-insulin-dependent diabetic (NIDDM) patients. In a randomized controlled trial, 55 untrained, sedentary, dyslipidemic NIDDM patients were randomly assigned to a low-fat diet (30% of daily energy) with or without one daily fish meal (3.6 g omega3 fatty acids per day) and further randomized to either a moderate (55% to 65% maximal oxygen consumption [VO2max]) or light (heart rate <100 bpm) exercise training program for 8 weeks. Twenty-four-hour urine s les from 49 subjects were collected for measurement of urinary F2-isoprostanes by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry before and after intervention. The fish diets reduced urinary F2-isoprostanes by 830+/-321 pmol/24 h (20%, P = .013) relative to the low-fat diet alone. This effect was independent of age, gender, and body weight change. Moderate exercise training did not alter F2-isoprostanes. These findings show that, at least in the short-term, exercise had no effect, whereas the inclusion of regular fish meals as part of a low-fat diet reduced in vivo lipid peroxidation in dyslipidemic NIDDM patients. This response could further complement the known benefits of omega3 fatty acids and exercise favoring a reduced cardiovascular risk in diabetic patients.

Objectively measured physical activity and sedentary time of breast cancer survivors, and associations with adiposity: findings from NHANES (2003–2006)

Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC

Date: 11-2009

DOI: 10.1007/S10552-009-9460-6

Abstract: Obesity and physical inactivity are poor prognostic indicators for breast cancer. Studies to date have relied on self-report measures of physical activity, which tend mainly to assess moderate-to-vigorous intensity leisure-time physical activity. We report the cross-sectional associations of objectively assessed physical activity and sedentary time with adiposity in a s le of breast cancer survivors from the United States. One hundred and eleven women from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) 2003-2004 and 2005-2006 reported a history of breast cancer. Participants wore an accelerometer for 7 days, and activity levels were summarized as moderate-to-vigorous intensity (accelerometer counts/min > or =1,952), light intensity (counts/min 100-1,951), and sedentary time (counts/min <100). Anthropometric measures were taken by study staff at examination centers. Participants spent the majority of their day in sedentary time (66%) or in light intensity activities (33%). Log moderate-to-vigorous intensity physical activity was negatively associated with adiposity (waist circumference beta = -9.805 [95% CI: -15.836, -3.775] BMI beta = -3.576 [95% CI: -6.687, -0.464]). Light intensity physical activity was negatively associated with adiposity however, the fully adjusted models did not retain statistical significance. Similarly, sedentary time was positively associated with adiposity, but the fully adjusted models were not statistically significant. This is the first study to describe the objectively assessed physical activity and sedentary time of breast cancer survivors. Increasing moderate-to-vigorous and light intensity physical activity, and decreasing sedentary time, may assist with weight management and improve other metabolic health outcomes for breast cancer survivors.

Search for charged Higgs bosons decaying into a top and a bottom quark in the all-jet final state of pp collisions at $$ \sqrt{s} $$ = 13 TeV

Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC

Date: 07-2020

DOI: 10.1007/JHEP07(2020)126

Abstract: A search for charged Higgs bosons (H ± ) decaying into a top and a bottom quark in the all-jet final state is presented. The analysis uses LHC proton-proton collision data recorded with the CMS detector in 2016 at $$ \\sqrt{s} $$ s = 13 TeV, corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 35.9 fb − 1 . No significant excess is observed above the expected background. Model-independent upper limits at 95% confidence level are set on the product of the H ± production cross section and branching fraction in two scenarios. For production in association with a top quark, limits of 21.3 to 0.007 pb are obtained for H ± masses in the range of 0.2 to 3 TeV. Combining this with a search in leptonic final states results in improved limits of 9.25 to 0.005 pb. The complementary s -channel production of an H ± is investigated in the mass range of 0.8 to 3 TeV and the corresponding upper limits are 4.5 to 0.023 pb. These results are interpreted using different minimal supersymmetric extensions of the standard model.

Response to letters regarding article, television viewing time and mortality: The Australian diabetes, obesity and lifestyle study (AusDiab)

Publisher: Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)

Date: 28-09-2010

DOI: 10.1161/CIRCULATIONAHA.110.960864

Search for dark photons in Higgs boson production via vector boson fusion in proton-proton collisions at $$ \sqrt{s} $$ = 13 TeV

Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC

Date: 03-2021

DOI: 10.1007/JHEP03(2021)011

Abstract: A search is presented for a Higgs boson that is produced via vector boson fusion and that decays to an undetected particle and an isolated photon. The search is performed by the CMS collaboration at the LHC, using a data set corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 130 fb − 1 , recorded at a center-of-mass energy of 13 TeV in 2016–2018. No significant excess of events above the expectation from the standard model background is found. The results are interpreted in the context of a theoretical model in which the undetected particle is a massless dark photon. An upper limit is set on the product of the cross section for production via vector boson fusion and the branching fraction for such a Higgs boson decay, as a function of the Higgs boson mass. For a Higgs boson mass of 125 GeV, assuming the standard model production rates, the observed (expected) 95% confidence level upper limit on the branching fraction is 3.5 (2.8)%. This is the first search for such decays in the vector boson fusion channel. Combination with a previous search for Higgs bosons produced in association with a Z boson results in an observed (expected) upper limit on the branching fraction of 2.9 (2.1)% at 95% confidence level.

Providing NHS staff with height-adjustable workstations and behaviour change strategies to reduce workplace sitting time: protocol for the Stand More AT (SMArT) Work cluster randomised controlled tria

Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC

Date: 12-2015

DOI: 10.1186/S12889-015-2532-5

Efficacy of an Online Physical Activity Intervention Coordinated With Routine Clinical Care: Protocol for a Pilot Randomized Controlled Trial (Preprint)

Publisher: JMIR Publications Inc.

Date: 06-04-2020

DOI: 10.2196/PREPRINTS.18891

Abstract: ost adults are not achieving recommended levels of physical activity (150 minutes/week, moderate-to-vigorous intensity). Inadequate activity levels are associated with numerous poor health outcomes, and clinical recommendations endorse physical activity in the front-line treatment of obesity, diabetes, dyslipidemia, and hypertension. A framework for physical activity prescription and referral has been developed, but has not been widely implemented. This may be due, in part, to the lack of feasible and effective physical activity intervention programs designed to coordinate with clinical care delivery. his manuscript describes the protocol for a pilot randomized controlled trial (RCT) that tests the efficacy of a 13-week online intervention for increasing physical activity in adult primary care patients (aged 21-70 years) reporting inadequate activity levels. The feasibility of implementing specific components of a physical activity clinical referral program, including screening for low activity levels and reporting patient program success to referring physicians, will also be examined. Analyses will include participant perspectives on maintaining physical activity. his pilot study includes a 3-month wait-listed control RCT (1:1 ratio within age strata 21-54 and 55-70 years). After the RCT primary end point at 3 months, wait-listed participants are offered the full intervention and all participants are followed to 6 months after starting the intervention program. Primary RCT outcomes include differences across randomized groups in average step count, moderate-to-vigorous physical activity, and sedentary behavior (minutes/day) derived from accelerometers. Maintenance of physical activity changes will be examined for all participants at 6 months after the intervention start. ecruitment took place between October 2018 and May 2019 (79 participants were randomized). Data collection was completed in February 2020. Primary data analyses are ongoing. he results of this study will inform the development of a clinical referral program for physical activity improvement that combines an online intervention with clinical screening for low activity levels, support for postintervention behavior maintenance, and feedback to the referring physician. linicalTrials.gov NCT03695016 t2/show/NCT03695016. ERR1-10.2196/18891

Intervening to reduce workplace sitting time: how and when do changes to sitting time occur?

Publisher: BMJ

Date: 09-05-2014

DOI: 10.1136/BJSPORTS-2014-093524

Abstract: To investigate how and when changes in workplace sitting time occurred following a workplace intervention to inform evaluation of intervention success. The 4-week Stand Up Comcare study (June-September 2011) aimed to reduce workplace sitting time via regularly interrupting and replacing sitting time throughout the day. Activity monitor (activPAL3) workplace data from control (n=22) and intervention participants (n=21) were analysed. Differences in the number and usual duration of sitting bouts were used to evaluate how change occurred. To examine when change occurred, intervention effects were compared by hour since starting work and hour of the workday. Change in workplace activity (sitting, standing, stepping) was examined to further inform alignment with intervention messages. In idual variability was examined in how and when the change occurred. Overall, behavioural changes aligned with intervention aims. All intervention participants reduced total workplace sitting time, though there was wide in idual variability observed (range -29 to -262 min per 8 h workday). On average, intervention participants reduced number of sitting bouts (-4.6 bouts (95% CI -10.1 to 1.0), p=0.106) and usual sitting bout duration (-5.6 min (95% CI -9.8 to -1.4, p=0.011)) relative to controls. Sitting time reductions were observed across the workday, though intervention effects varied by hour of the day (p=0.015). The intervention group successfully adopted the Stand Up and Sit Less intervention messages across the day. These analyses confirmed that this workplace intervention successfully modified sitting behaviour as intended (ie, fewer and shorter sitting bouts, with changes occurring throughout the day).

Alternating bouts of sitting and standing attenuate postprandial glucose responses

Publisher: Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)

Date: 11-2014

DOI: 10.1249/MSS.0000000000000337

Physiology of sedentary behavior

Publisher: American Physiological Society

Date: 10-2023

DOI: 10.1152/PHYSREV.00022.2022

Abstract: Sedentary behaviors (SB) are characterized by low energy expenditure while in a sitting or reclining posture. Evidence relevant to understanding the physiology of SB can be derived from studies employing several experimental models: bed rest, immobilization, reduced step count, and reducing/interrupting prolonged SB. We examine the relevant physiological evidence relating to body weight and energy balance, intermediary metabolism, cardiovascular and respiratory systems, the musculoskeletal system, the central nervous system, and immunity and inflammatory responses. Excessive and prolonged SB can lead to insulin resistance, vascular dysfunction, shift in substrate use toward carbohydrate oxidation, shift in muscle fiber from oxidative to glycolytic type, reduced cardiorespiratory fitness, loss of muscle mass and strength and bone mass, and increased total body fat mass and visceral fat depot, blood lipid concentrations, and inflammation. Despite marked differences across in idual studies, longer term interventions aimed at reducing/interrupting SB have resulted in small, albeit marginally clinically meaningful, benefits on body weight, waist circumference, percent body fat, fasting glucose, insulin, HbA1c and HDL concentrations, systolic blood pressure, and vascular function in adults and older adults. There is more limited evidence for other health-related outcomes and physiological systems and for children and adolescents. Future research should focus on the investigation of molecular and cellular mechanisms underpinning adaptations to increasing and reducing/interrupting SB and the necessary changes in SB and physical activity to impact physiological systems and overall health in erse population groups.

Associations of television viewing time with adults' well-being and vitality

Publisher: Elsevier BV

Date: 12-2014

DOI: 10.1016/J.YPMED.2014.09.007

Abstract: Television (TV) viewing, a common leisure-time sedentary behaviour, is associated adversely with cardio-metabolic health, fatigue, depression and mental health. However, associations of TV viewing time with health-related quality of life attributes are less well understood. We examined associations of TV viewing time with physical well-being, mental well-being and vitality in a large population-based s le of Australian adults. The study s le comprised 4,483 men and 5,424 women (mean age 51±14years) from the Australian Diabetes, Obesity and Lifestyle study (1999-2000). Multiple linear regressions examined associations of TV viewing time (h/day) with the SF-36v1 physical and mental health component summary scores and the vitality sub-score, adjusting for leisure-time physical activity and waist circumference. Each 1-h/day increment in TV viewing time was associated with lower physical (-0.56 [95% CI: -0.77, -0.34]) and mental (-0.41 [-0.70, -0.12]) component summary scores and vitality (-0.51 [-0.81, -0.21]). Associations remained significant after adjustment for leisure-time physical activity and waist circumference. There was a gender interaction for the association of TV viewing time with vitality (significant in men only). TV viewing time is associated adversely with physical well-being, mental well-being and vitality. Further studies are required to better understand potential causal relationships and variations by gender and leisure-time physical activity.

Community center-based resistance training for the maintenance of glycemic control in adults with type 2 diabetes

Publisher: American Diabetes Association

Date: 12-2006

DOI: 10.2337/DC06-1310

Abstract: OBJECTIVE—The purpose of this study was to determine whether beneficial effects on glycemic control of an initial laboratory-supervised resistance training program could be sustained through a community center–based maintenance program. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS—We studied 57 overweight (BMI ≥27 kg/m2) sedentary men and women aged 40–80 years with established (& months) type 2 diabetes. Initially, all participants attended a twice-weekly 2-month supervised resistance training program conducted in the exercise laboratory. Thereafter, participants undertook a resistance training maintenance program (2 times/week) for 12 months and were randomly assigned to carry this out either in a community fitness and recreation center (center) or in their domestic environment (home). Glycemic control (HbA1c [A1C]) was assessed at 0, 2, and 14 months. RESULTS—Pooling data from the two groups for the 2-month supervised resistance training program showed that compared with baseline, mean A1C fell by −0.4% [95% CI −0.6 to −0.2]. Within-group comparisons showed that A1C remained lower than baseline values at 14 months in the center group (−0.4% [−0.7 to −0.03]) but not in the home group (−0.1% [−0.4 to 0.3]). However, no between-group differences were observed at each time point. Changes in A1C during the maintenance period were positively associated with exercise adherence in the center group only. CONCLUSIONS—Center-based but not home-based resistance training was associated with the maintenance of modestly improved glycemic control from baseline, which was proportional to program adherence. Our findings emphasize the need to develop and test behavioral methods to promote healthy lifestyles including increased physical activity in adults with type 2 diabetes.

Search for long-lived particles decaying to jets with displaced vertices in proton-proton collisions at s<

Publisher: American Physical Society (APS)

Date: 28-09-2021

DOI: 10.1103/PHYSREVD.104.052011

Australian Research Council

Location: No location found

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University Of Western Australia

Location: No location found

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Baker Heart And Diabetes Institute

Location: Australia

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Australian Research Council

Location: Australia

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Edith Cowan University

Location: Australia

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Deakin University

Location: Australia

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Loughborough University

Location: United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland

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International Diabetes Institute

Location: Australia

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University Of Western Australia

Location: Australia

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University Of Queensland

Location: Australia

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Australian Catholic University

Location: Australia

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Monash University

Location: Australia

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VicHealth

Location: Australia

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A Multi-setting Intervention To Reduce Sedentary Behaviour, Promote Physical Acitvity And Improve Children's Health

Start Date: 2009

End Date: 2013

Funder: National Health and Medical Research Council

Centre Of Research On Sitting Time And Chronic Disease Prevention - Measurement, Mechanisms And Interventions

Start Date: 2013

End Date: 2018

Funder: National Health and Medical Research Council

Sedentary Behaviour And Metabolic Risk

Start Date: 2009

End Date: 2012

Funder: National Health and Medical Research Council

(Excessive Sitting And Population Health: Strengthening The Science And The Relevance To Policy And Practice)

Start Date: 2010

End Date: 2014

Funder: Australian Research Council

AusDiab 3: Emerging Risk Factors For And Long-term Incidence Of Cardio-metabolic Diseases

Start Date: 2011

End Date: 2014

Funder: National Health and Medical Research Council

A POPULATION HEALTH APPROACH TO THE LIFESTYLE MANAGEMENT OF TYPE 2 DIABETES

Start Date: 2008

End Date: 2012

Funder: National Health and Medical Research Council

Physical Activity In Adults With Type 2 Diabetes

Start Date: 2007

End Date: 2009

Funder: National Health and Medical Research Council

Reducing Prolonged Workplace Sitting Time In Office Workers: A Cluster-randomised Controlled Trial

Start Date: 2011

End Date: 2014

Funder: National Health and Medical Research Council

ARC Future Fellowships - Grant ID: FT100100918

Start Date: 03-2011

End Date: 02-2015

Amount: $556,552.00

Funder: Australian Research Council

Discovery Projects - Grant ID: DP170100544

Start Date: 05-2017

End Date: 12-2020

Amount: $486,000.00

Funder: Australian Research Council