ORCID Profile
0000-0002-6590-5164
Current Organisation
Deakin University
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Publisher: Center for Open Science
Date: 15-05-2020
Abstract: Many government strategies to reduce the spread of Novel Coronavirus (COVID-19) involved unprecedented restrictions on personal movement, disrupting social and economic norms. Although generally well-received in Australia, community frustration regarding these restrictions appeared to erge across political lines. Therefore, we examined the unique effects of the ideological subfactors of Right-Wing Authoritarianism (RWA Aggression, Submission and Conventionalism) and Social Dominance Orientation (SDO Dominance and Anti-egalitarianism) in predicting perceived personal threat of COVID-19, and support for and reactance to government restrictions, in Australian residents across two separate s les (S1 N = 451, S2 N = 838). COVID-19 threat was positively predicted by Submission, and negatively by Conventionalism, and Anti-egalitarianism. Support for restrictions was also positively predicted by Submission, and negatively by Conventionalism, Dominance, and Anti-egalitarianism. Reactance to government restrictions was negatively predicted by Submission, and positively by Conventionalism, Dominance and Anti-egalitarianism. These findings suggest that right-wing ideological subfactors contribute to the one’s perception of COVID-19 threat and government restrictions differentially.
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 20-02-2023
DOI: 10.1007/S10584-023-03489-1
Abstract: Reducing in idual fossil fuel use is an important component of climate change mitigation, but motivating behaviour change to achieve this is difficult. Protection motivation theory (PMT) is a psychological framework that outlines the conditions under which people are more likely to be persuaded to take a specific response or action. This experimental study investigated the impact six different protection motivation theory-based messages had on intention to reduce fossil fuel use in a s le 3803 US adults recruited via Amazon Mechanical (MTurk). Only messages targeting self-efficacy and response efficacy increased intention to reduce fossil fuel use relative to the control message. However, only the self-efficacy message had an impact on its target construct (i.e. self-efficacy). As such, the mechanism for action for the response efficacy message is unclear. Furthermore, while the current study demonstrates that many of the PMT-related messages did not achieve changes in intention, this it is still possible that messages targeting these constructs could still lead to changes in intention in other modalities and when other message content is used. Given the urgency of responding to climate change, the potential for additive benefits of combining effective PMT-based messages should be considered irrespective of their mechanism as should research focused on how to effectively target other key PMT constructs.
Publisher: Frontiers Media SA
Date: 20-10-2020
Publisher: Center for Open Science
Date: 03-09-2018
Abstract: Objectives: Overweight and obesity during pregnancy is a risk to the health of mother and child. Midwives can modify this key risk factor by providing weight management interventions to women before and during pregnancy. This study investigated social cognitive determinants of pre-clinical student midwives’ intention to provide weight management intervention in preconception and antenatal clinical contexts. Social cognitive determinants from the Theory of Planned Behaviour (attitudes, subjective norms, perceived behavioural control) and Self-Determination Theory (autonomous motivation) were used to predict pre-clinical students’ intentions once they enter practice.Method: The s le was 183 female pre-clinical student midwives from 17 Australian universities (age range = 18-54 years). Participants received a cross-sectional questionnaire that measured demographic items, attitudes, subjective norms, perceived behavioural control and autonomous motivation towards providing weight management intervention at two different stages of pregnancy – preconception and antenatal. Results: Attitudes, subjective norms, and perceived behavioural control accounted for 56% of intention to provide weight management interventions to women planning pregnancy however, the addition of autonomous motivation was non-significant. In contrast, attitudes and subjective norms (but not perceived behavioural control) accounted for 39% of intention to provide weight management interventions to women during pregnancy. Furthermore, the addition of autonomous motivation to the model was significant and accounted for an additional 3.1% of variance being explained. Implications and Conclusions: Curriculum changes that support and increase pre-clinical student midwives’ intention should focus on these specific correlates of intention in order to foster long term changes in clinical practice. Changes to the education and training of midwives should be carefully considered to understand their impact on these important determinants of intention to engage in this critical clinical skill.
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 10-2021
Publisher: Center for Open Science
Date: 19-11-2019
Abstract: Reducing in idual fossil fuel use is an important component of climate change mitigation, but motivating behaviour change to achieve this is difficult. This experimental study tests the impact of Protection Motivation Theory based messages on intention to reduce fossil fuel use in 3803 US adults recruited via Amazon MTurk (mean age = 36.11 years 51.4% female). Only messages targeting self-efficacy and response efficacy increased intention to reduce fossil fuel use relative to the control group. However, only the self-efficacy message had an impact on its corresponding construct, highlighting the importance of manipulation checks in model testing. Given the urgency of responding to climate change, the potential for additive benefits of effective messages should be considered irrespective of their underlying psychological mechanism. Study preregistration: 0.17605/OSF.IO/2G6BQ. Data related to this manuscript: 0.17605/OSF.IO/2TRBK.
Publisher: Center for Open Science
Date: 04-10-2019
Abstract: Climate change is a politically-polarised issue, with conservatives less likely than liberals to perceive it as human-caused and consequential. Furthermore, they are less likely to support mitigation and adaptation policies needed to reduce its impacts. This study aimed to examine whether John Oliver’s “A Mathematically Representative Climate Change Debate” clip on his program Last Week Tonight polarised or depolarised a politically- erse audience on climate policy support and behavioural intentions. One hundred and fifty-nine participants, recruited via Amazon MTurk (94 female, 64 male, one gender unspecified, Mage = 51.07, SDage = 16.35), were presented with either John Oliver’s climate change consensus clip, or a humorous video unrelated to climate change. Although the climate change consensus clip did not reduce polarisation (or increase it) relative to a control on mitigation policy support, it resulted in hyperpolarisation on support for adaptation policies and increased climate action intentions among liberals but not conservatives.
Publisher: Center for Open Science
Date: 17-08-2020
Abstract: The present study uses a qualitative approach to understand the impact of COVID-19 on family life. Australian parents of children aged 0-18 years were recruited via social media between April 8th and April 28th, 2020, when Australians were experiencing social distancing/isolation measures for the first time. As part of a larger survey, participants were asked to respond via an open-ended question about how COVID-19 had impacted their family. A total of 2,130 parents were included and represented a erse range of family backgrounds. Inductive template thematic analysis was used to understand patterns of meaning across the texts. Six themes were derived from the data, including: 'Boredom, depression and suicide: A spectrum of emotion' 'Families are missing the things that keep them healthy' 'Changing family relationships: The push pull of intimacy' 'The unprecedented demands of parenthood' 'The unequal burden of COVID-19' and 'Holding on to positivity'. Overall, the findings demonstrated a breadth of responses. Messages around loss and challenge were predominant, with many families reporting mental health difficulties and strained family relationships. However, not all families were negatively impacted by the restrictions, with some families reporting positive benefits and meaning, including opportunities for strengthening relationships, finding new hobbies, and developing positive characteristics such as appreciation, gratitude and tolerance.
Publisher: Public Library of Science (PLoS)
Date: 11-02-2021
DOI: 10.1371/JOURNAL.PONE.0246058
Abstract: Recent research promotes comparing the current state of the environment with the past (and not the future) to increase the pro-environmental attitudes of those on the political right. We aimed to replicate this temporal framing effect and extend on research in this area by testing the potential drivers of the effect. Across two large-scale replication studies, we found limited evidence that past comparisons (relative to future comparisons) increase pro-environmentalism among those with a more conservative political ideology, thus precluding a full investigation into the mediators of the effect. Where the effect was present, it was not consistent across studies. In Study One, conservatives reported greater certainty that climate change was real after viewing past comparisons, as the environmental changes were perceived as more certain. However, in Study Two, the temporal framing condition interacted with political orientation to instead undermine the certainty about climate change among political liberals in the past-focused condition. Together, these studies present the first evidence of backfire from temporal frames, and do not support the efficacy of past comparisons for increasing conservatives’ environmentalism. We echo recent calls for open science principles, including preregistration and efforts to replicate existing work, and suggest the replication of other methods of inducing temporal comparisons.
Publisher: Center for Open Science
Date: 25-10-2019
Abstract: Veganism is an increasingly popular lifestyle within Western societies, including Australia. However, there appears to be a positivist approach to defining veganism in the literature. This has implications for measurement and coherence of the research literature. This exploratory study assessed preference rankings for definitions of veganism used by vegan advocacy groups across an Australian convenience s le of three dietary groups (vegan = 230, omnivore = 117, vegetarian = 43). Participants were also asked to explain their ranking order in an open-ended question. Most vegans selected the UK definition as their first preference, omnivores underwent five rounds of preference reallocation before the Irish definition was selected, and vegetarians underwent four rounds before the UK definition was selected. A reflexive thematic analysis of participant explanations for their rankings identified four themes: (1) Diet vs. lifestyle, (2) Absolutism, (3) Social justice, and (4) Animal justice. These four themes represent how participants had differing perceptions of veganism according to their personal experience and understanding of the term. It appears participants took less of an absolutist approach to the definition and how in iduals conceptualise veganism may be more dynamic than first expected. This will be important when researchers are considering how we are defining veganism in future studies to maintain consistency in the field.
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 11-2021
Publisher: SAGE Publications
Date: 12-05-2023
DOI: 10.1177/13684302221094432
Abstract: Across two studies ( Ns = 268 and 574), we examined the perceived legitimacy of sexual harassment allegations made against male allies. Overall, observers were less inclined to believe an allegation (Studies 1 and 2) and endorsed less severe punishments against a perpetrator who engaged in egalitarian (vs. sexist) behaviors toward women (Studies 1 and 2). Observers also endorsed weaker reparatory measures, were more willing to move past the allegation, and were more inclined to blame the victim for the incident when an egalitarian (vs. sexist) man was accused, especially when there was greater uncertainty surrounding his guilt (Study 2). Importantly, these effects were mediated by perpetrator typicality: the egalitarian perpetrator less closely resembled a typical perpetrator of sexual harassment, which, in turn, predicted more lenient evaluations (Study 2). These findings highlight how accusations of male allies’ problematic behavior can reinforce widespread scepticism surrounding sexual harassment allegations and discriminatory attitudes towards victims.
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 12-2018
DOI: 10.1016/J.NEDT.2018.09.002
Abstract: Overweight and obesity during pregnancy is a risk to the health of mother and child. Midwives can modify this key risk factor by providing weight management interventions to women before and during pregnancy. This study investigated social cognitive determinants of pre-clinical student midwives' intention to provide weight management intervention in preconception and antenatal clinical contexts. Social cognitive determinants from the theory of planned behaviour (attitudes, subjective norms, perceived behavioural control) and self-determination theory (autonomous motivation) were used to predict pre-clinical students' intentions once they enter practice. The s le was 183 female pre-clinical student midwives from 17 Australian universities (age range = 18-54 years). Participants received a cross-sectional questionnaire that measured demographic items, attitudes, subjective norms, perceived behavioural control and autonomous motivation towards providing weight management intervention at two different stages of pregnancy - preconception and antenatal. Attitudes, subjective norms, and perceived behavioural control accounted for 56% of intention to provide weight management interventions to women planning pregnancy however, the addition of autonomous motivation was non-significant. In contrast, attitudes and subjective norms (but not perceived behavioural control) accounted for 39% of intention to provide weight management interventions to women during pregnancy. Furthermore, the addition of autonomous motivation to the model was significant and accounted for an additional 3.1% of variance being explained. Curriculum changes that support and increase pre-clinical student midwives' intention should focus on these specific correlates of intention in order to foster long term changes in clinical practice. Changes to the education and training of midwives should be carefully considered to understand their impact on these important determinants of intention to engage in this critical clinical skill.
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 12-2021
Publisher: Center for Open Science
Date: 24-10-2018
Abstract: Across two studies, we tested whether evaluations of sexual misconduct allegations against male politicians are made in a partisan biased manner. First, we investigated the likelihood a sexual misconduct allegation made by a female staffer was perceived as legitimate by Democratic and Republican participants when the accused politician’s party affiliation was aligned (versus unaligned) with the participant’s own affiliation (Study 1). We also tested whether partisan bias was conditional on the strength of the participant’s expressive partisanship (Study 2). In Study 1, 182 Democratic and 159 Republican affiliates (N = 341), recruited via Amazon Mechanical Turk, were randomly allocated to one of three conditions (Democratic, Republican, or unaffiliated accused politician). Findings indicated that Republican participants were less likely than Democrats to perceive a sexual misconduct allegation as legitimate, irrespective of the politician’s party affiliation. Nonetheless, participants were not more likely to perceive a sexual misconduct allegation against an unaligned politician as more legitimate than against a politician of their own party. However, in a replication of Study 1 with a larger s le (301 Democratic and 301 Republican affiliates), Republicans (but not Democrats) demonstrated partisan bias in judgements of the legitimacy of misconduct allegations. Expressive partisanship did not moderate this partisan effect.
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 03-2020
DOI: 10.1016/J.BODYIM.2019.12.001
Abstract: The objective of the present study was to compare body dissatisfaction of pregnant (n = 1245 overall n = 320 trimester 1, n = 497 trimester 2, n = 428 trimester 3) and non-pregnant (n = 547) women in terms of: (a) global dissatisfaction, (b) dissatisfaction with specific body parts/features, and (c) strength of inter-relation among these areas of dissatisfaction. While ANOVAs revealed small group differences in overall body dissatisfaction ratings for appearance and function, more sizable differences were observed at the item level. Network analysis showed that the dissatisfaction items clustered together in similar ways across groups, but that the relative importance of these items for the networks differed by group. In particular, dissatisfaction with chest was much less connected to other areas of dissatisfaction for pregnant women, whilst dissatisfaction with shape and/or weight were more strongly connected to other items for this group. Body function items were less important in the network for non-pregnant women. Findings support earlier qualitative findings suggesting that pregnant women are concerned with both appearance and functioning of their bodies. More broadly, information gleaned at the item level highlights the value in exploring areas of dissatisfaction that may increase understanding of global dissatisfaction ratings.
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Date: 27-11-2019
Publisher: Hindawi Limited
Date: 23-07-2019
DOI: 10.1111/HSC.12621
Abstract: Trauma in early childhood has been shown to adversely affect children's social, emotional, and physical development. Children living in out-of-home care (OoHC) have better outcomes when care providers are present for children, physically, psychologically, and emotionally. Unfortunately, the high turnover of out-of-home carers, due to vicarious trauma (frequently resulting in burnout and exhaustion) can result in a child's trauma being re-enacted during their placement in OoHC. Organisation-wide therapeutic care models (encompassing the whole organisation, from the CEO to all workers including administration staff) that are trauma-informed have been developed to respond to the complex issues of abuse and neglect experienced by children who have been placed in OoHC. These models incorporate a range of therapeutic techniques, and provide an overarching approach and common language that is employed across all levels of the organisation. The aim of this study was to investigate the current empirical evidence for organisation-wide, trauma-informed therapeutic care models in OoHC. A systematic review searching leading databases was conducted for evidence of organisation-wide, trauma-informed, out-of-home care studies, between 2002 and 2017. Seven articles were identified covering three organisational models. Three of the articles assessed the Attachment Regulation and Competency framework (ARC), one study assessed the Children and Residential Experiences programme (CARE), and three studies assessed The Sanctuary Model. Risk of bias was high in six of the seven studies. Only limited information was provided on the effectiveness of the models identified through this systematic review, although the evidence did suggest that trauma-informed care models may have significantly positive outcomes for children in OoHC. Future research should focus on evaluating components of trauma-informed care models and assessing the efficacy of the various organisational care models currently available.
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 12-2022
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Date: 03-07-2018
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 06-2021
Publisher: Center for Open Science
Date: 28-10-2021
Abstract: There is a growing shift towards meat reducing diets, especially in Western nations, in the last decade. Whilst research has examined the potential motivations in adopting meat reducing diets, there are a limited number of studies which directly compare diet-related motivations across dietary groups, especially comparing meat reducing diet groups to omnivores. As such, it is unclear whether these dietary groups have distinctly different motivations for adopting their diets. This study aimed to examine the motivations that underlie people’s dietary choices, and to compare these across three dietary groups vegan, vegetarian, omnivore. A s le of 701 participants participated in the study (Mage = 30.09, SDage = 10.91). Participants were asked to self-describe the diet they follow and provide a written response as to why they choose to follow this diet. A content analysis indicated that the participants' motivations were similar across the three dietary groups. Similar reasons included health and environment, with the health reason common across all three groups. For vegan and vegetarians the most common was animal welfare. However, taste and enjoyment for diet was most common for omnivores. The overlap in responses across the dietary groups suggests that dietary motivations are similar across these three groups. Therefore, rather than simply employing motivations to encourage reduced meat diets, it may be better to develop more personalised interventions to achieve this.
Publisher: Edward Elgar Publishing
Date: 08-12-2020
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Date: 15-03-2022
Publisher: Center for Open Science
Date: 04-05-2021
Abstract: As climate change continues to be politically isive, developing communications that align with right-leaning beliefs may increase bipartisan support for climate policy. In two experimental studies (Study 1, Australia, N = 558 Study 2, United States, N = 859), we tested whether an economic loss or national identity loss message would elicit greater support for mitigation and adaptation policies when compared to one another and to a control message. We also tested whether the direct effects of these message types were conditional on political orientation (specifically, identifying as politically right-leaning). In both studies, preliminary analyses indicated that the message manipulations were effective and that there was a high level of support for both types of climate policy. When compared to left-wing adherents, those who were politically right-leaning were less likely to support mitigation and adaptation policies in either s le. Australian (Study 1) identification – although not American identity (Study 2) – also uniquely predicted adaptation support (but not mitigation support). Yet, there were no significant message frame or interaction effects in the Australian (Study 1) or U.S. s le (Study 2). This suggests that neither an economic loss nor national identity loss message frame may be effective in overcoming the political polarization of climate change in Australia or the United States. Nevertheless, national identity could still play a useful role in Australian climate communications given its positive relationship to adaptation policy support, and therefore warrants further investigation.
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 03-2019
DOI: 10.1111/JASP.12585
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Date: 12-2019
DOI: 10.1111/AJPY.12271
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 06-2023
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 21-11-2021
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Date: 26-02-2023
Publisher: Center for Open Science
Date: 28-08-2017
Abstract: Limited research to date has qualitatively explored the perceptionsmembers of the public who are not environmental activists hold ofenvironmentalists. Therefore a qualitative survey was conducted with 89US residents aged 21–53 (Mage = 32.74, SDage = 7.89) to obtain an in-depthunderstanding of how non-activists within the public perceiveenvironmentalists. Data obtained were analyzed using thematic analysisand demonstrated that non-activist perceptions of environmentalistscontained both positive and negative components. Environmentalistswere seen to value nature and to be actively involved in bringing aboutpositive environmental change (positive component), yet were also viewedas aggressive in their behaviors and stubborn in their beliefs (negativecomponent). Further still, it was found that environmentalists were morelikely to be perceived positively when they engaged in in idual-level,private sphere behaviors (such as recycling), and negatively when theyengaged in collective-level, public sphere behaviors (such as protesting).These findings not only challenge the assumption that members of thepublic typically evaluate environmentalists negatively, they also outlinewhy some in iduals may fail to identify as an environmentalist andengage in pro-environmental behavior. Furthermore, they also providesome insight as to why some environmentalists find it difficult to advocatefor system change that results from collective action within the public sphere.
Publisher: Center for Open Science
Date: 24-03-2017
Abstract: Research consistently shows that right-wing ideological adherents are more likely to deny climate change. However, less is known about how right-wing ideological subtypes are uniquely related to climate change denial, as well as what explains these relationships. This study examines whether threat to the socioeconomic system in the form of climate change mitigation policies mediates the relationships between Right-Wing Authoritarianism (RWA) and Social Dominance Orientation (SDO) subtypes and four forms of climate change denial. Participants (N = 334 Mage = 34.70, SD = 5.98) were recruited via Amazon MTurk. When shared variance in the predictors was accounted for, we found that: (1) Conventionalism (RWA-C) positively predicted all types of climate change denial (2) Dominance (SDO-D) positively predicted existence denial (3) Anti-Egalitarianism (SDO-E) positively predicted both human cause and impact denial and, (4) Aggression (RWA-A) negatively predicted existence denial. All significant direct relationships were partially mediated by climate change mitigation threat, except for direct paths between SDO-D and existence denial, and RWA-A and existence denial. These findings suggest that right-wing adherents who conform to societal norms and prefer inequality may deny climate change partly due to a perception that mitigation strategies proposed to combat climate change threaten the existing socioeconomic system.
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Date: 08-2019
DOI: 10.1111/AP.12379
No related grants have been discovered for Dr Anna Klas.