ORCID Profile
0000-0002-9727-9516
Current Organisation
Murdoch University
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Publisher: SAGE Publications
Date: 03-2004
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Date: 09-2005
Publisher: Cambridge University Press
Date: 06-08-2012
Abstract: The years between the World Wars represent an era of broken balances: the retreat of the United States from global geopolitics, the weakening of Great Britain and France, Russian isolation following the 1917 Bolshevik Revolution, the resurgence of German power in Europe, and the rise of Japan in East Asia. All these factors complicated great-power politics. This book brings together historians and political scientists to revisit the conventional wisdom on the grand strategies pursued between the World Wars, drawing on theoretical innovations and new primary sources. The contributors suggest that all the great powers pursued policies that, while in retrospect suboptimal, represented conscious, rational attempts to secure their national interests under conditions of extreme uncertainty and intense domestic and international political, economic, and strategic constraints.
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 09-2008
Publisher: Routledge
Date: 02-07-2019
Publisher: Oxford University Press (OUP)
Date: 03-05-2010
DOI: 10.1093/FH/CRQ029
Publisher: Cambridge University Press
Date: 15-12-2016
Abstract: This is a pioneering survey of the rise of internationalism as a mainstream political idea mobilised in support of the ambitions of indigenous populations, feminists and anti-colonialists, as well as politicians, economists and central bankers. Leading scholars trace the emergence of intergovernmental organisations such as the League of Nations, the United Nations, the International Labour Organisation and the World Health Organisation, and the corresponding expansion in transnational sociability and economic entanglement throughout the long twentieth century. They reveal how international thought helped to drive major transformations in the governance of global issues from refugees to slavery and sex-trafficking, from the environment to women& apos s rights and human rights, and from state borders and national minorities to health, education, trade and commerce. In challenging dominant perceptions of how contemporaries thought of nations, states and empires, Internationalisms radically alters our understanding of the major events and ideas that shaped twentieth-century politics, culture, economics and society.
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 03-05-2018
DOI: 10.1002/9781118885154.DIPL0296
Abstract: The Treaty of Versailles, signed on June 28, 1919, formed the peace agreement between the victorious Allied and Associated Powers and a defeated Germany which concluded the First World War. Negotiated during the first six months of 1919 at the Great Peace Conference held in Paris, the Versailles treaty was the subject of enormous controversy even before it was signed and has since continued to be widely reviled as a vindictive document which led directly to a second world war. However, the current scholarly consensus is far more measured in balancing the treaty's very real shortcomings with the immensity of the challenges it was expected to solve. The Versailles treaty should be appreciated as an essentially moderate and flexible document, negotiated by rational statesmen who sought to achieve the best compromise possible under the pressures of extraordinary social and political upheaval.
Publisher: Blackwell Publishing Ltd
Date: 2008
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Date: 10-03-2021
Publisher: Palgrave Macmillan UK
Date: 2006
Publisher: Cambridge University Press
Date: 15-12-2017
Publisher: Blackwell Publishing Ltd
Date: 04-07-2007
Publisher: Oxford University Press (OUP)
Date: 27-05-2010
DOI: 10.1093/FH/CRQ032
Publisher: Routledge
Date: 24-02-2017
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Date: 11-2000
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Date: 04-2002
Publisher: Cambridge University Press (CUP)
Date: 11-2005
DOI: 10.1017/S0960777305002730
Abstract: The pursuit of disarmament was central to the work of the League of Nations throughout its existence, but it was a relatively small and consistent set of national representatives who sat on the many bodies created to deal with the issue. Unfortunately, the gradual development of a sense of ‘transnational’ community among these delegates was never able to overcome the more powerful imperatives of national self-interest. Disarmament was always tied too closely to the issue of security for the in idual governments of the major powers to view it from anything other than a strictly national strategic perspective.
Publisher: Palgrave Macmillan UK
Date: 2002
Publisher: SAGE Publications
Date: 25-09-2009
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 09-2015
DOI: 10.1111/AJPH.12113
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 13-11-2011
DOI: 10.1002/9781444338232.WBEOW271
Abstract: The Hague Peace Conferences of 1899 and 1907 marked the first significant attempts to codify the international law of war and the opening of the modern era of efforts toward international disarmament. The First Hague Conference (May 18–July 29, 1899) adopted three conventions and three declarations: the Convention (I) for the Pacific Settlement of International Disputes, the Convention (II) with respect to the Laws and Customs of War on Land, and the Convention (III) for the Adaptation to Maritime Warfare of the Principles of the Geneva Convention of August 22, 1864 and the Declaration concerning Asphyxiating Gases, the Declaration concerning Expanding Bullets, and the Declaration to Prohibit for the Term of Five Years the Launching of Projectiles and Explosives from Balloons, and Other New Methods of a Similar Nature. The Second Hague Conference (July 15–October 18, 1907) adopted 13 conventions and one declaration: the Convention (I) for the Pacific Settlement of International Disputes, the Convention (II) respecting the Limitation of the Employment of Force for the Recovery of Contract Debts, the Convention (III) relative to the Opening of Hostilities, the Convention (IV) respecting the Laws and Customs of War on Land, the Convention (V) respecting the Rights and Duties of Neutral Powers and Persons in Case of War on Land, the Convention (VI) relating to the Status of Enemy Merchant Ships at the Outbreak of Hostilities, the Convention (VII) relating to the Conversion of Merchant Ships into War‐Ships, the Convention (VIII) relative to the Laying of Automatic Submarine Contact Mines, the Convention (IX) concerning Bombardment by Naval Forces in Time of War, the Convention (X) for the Adaptation to Maritime Warfare of the Principles of the Geneva Convention, the Convention (XI) relative to Certain Restrictions with Regard to the Exercise of the Right of Capture in Naval War, the Convention (XII) relative to the Creation of an International Prize Court, and the Convention (XIII) concerning the Rights and Duties of Neutral Powers in Naval War and the Declaration Prohibiting the Discharge of Projectiles and Explosives from Balloons. The principles laid down in the various Hague conventions (in combination with the Geneva conventions) underpinned the international law regulating armed conflict throughout the twentieth century and indeed continue to do so into the present.
Publisher: Routledge
Date: 11-03-2008
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 09-2018
DOI: 10.1111/AJPH.12510
Publisher: Cambridge University Press
Date: 06-08-2012
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 13-11-2011
DOI: 10.1002/9781444338232.WBEOW352
Abstract: The League of Nations was an international organization created at the Paris Peace Conference of 1919, intended, in the aftermath of World War I, “to promote international cooperation and to achieve international peace and security” (Walters 1952: 43). Its charter, known as the Covenant, was included as the first part of each of the several peace treaties between the victorious Allies and the defeated Central Powers the League itself formally came into existence on January 10, 1920, with the entry into force of the Treaty of Versailles. The Covenant was surprisingly brief, yet its 26 articles covered a vast range of issues including disarmament, collective security (though the term itself was not used until much later), the resolution of international disputes, social and economic cooperation, the trusteeship of former enemy territories, and the new body's organizational principles. The primary purpose for which the League was created was as an international mechanism of war prevention, and while it experienced some degree of success during the 1920s, when it was essentially left untested, this was violently punctured by its inability to deal with the multiple crises of the early and mid‐1930s, most prominently over the Japanese invasion of Manchuria in 1931, the collapse of its efforts to achieve international disarmament during 1932–1934, and the Italian invasion of Ethiopia in 1935. The stark nature of its failures left the League to drift into paralysis and impotence during the final years before the outbreak of World War II. Its work having ceased almost completely during the war, the League of Nations formally dissolved itself on April 18, 1946 and transferred its functions, powers, and physical assets to the new United Nations Organization (UN).
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Date: 04-2006
Publisher: Cambridge University Press (CUP)
Date: 2018
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 13-11-2011
DOI: 10.1002/9781444338232.WBEOW333
Abstract: The International Treaty for the Renunciation of War as an Instrument of National Policy, more commonly known after its two main creators as the Kellogg–Briand Pact but also as the Treaty of Paris and the Paris Peace Pact, was signed in the French capital on August 27, 1928. Its mere three articles were dramatic in their brevity and simplicity. Article 1 consisted of a solemn declaration that the signatory states “condemn recourse to war for the solution of international controversies, and renounce it as an instrument of national policy in their relations with one another.” Under Article 2 they agreed that “the settlement or solution of all disputes or conflicts of whatever nature or of whatever origin they may be, which may arise among them, shall never be sought except by pacific means.” Under Article 3 the treaty was to remain open “as long as may be necessary for adherence by all the other Powers of the world” (Friedman 1972: 468–469). War was no longer to be a legitimate means for states to settle disputes or to advance their own national interests.
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 09-2019
DOI: 10.1111/AJPH.12614
No related grants have been discovered for Andrew Webster.