ORCID Profile
0000-0001-7398-4192
Current Organisation
Murdoch University
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Publisher: American Society of Civil Engineers (ASCE)
Date: 09-2020
Publisher: IWA Publishing
Date: 21-10-2014
Abstract: The methodologies of demand-led sanitation programmes (including community-led total sanitation [CLTS] and sanitation marketing) encourage participation of users in the design of appropriate sanitation facilities. There has been limited examination of the application of established methodologies in participatory design in the sanitation sector. This paper describes and reflects upon three case studies that applied established participatory design methodologies to create sanitation technologies in rural Malawi. Participants of the design sessions represented two groups: (i) researcher–designers (government staff) and (ii) users (local builders and householders). The methodology created a space to develop a common language between the two groups and allowed an exploration of tensions about the use of sanitation hardware subsidies. The design sessions created a number of innovations including corbelling structures, trapezium shaped bricks and reinforcement of wooden frame structures with sandbags. The paper critically reflects on the processes of participatory design in relation to power, ownership and continued participation.
Publisher: IWA Publishing
Date: 05-2005
Abstract: Vermicomposting provides an alternative method of managing waste that is ecofriendly and cost-effective. The Environmental Technology Centre (ETC) at Murdoch University and St. John of God Hospital (SJOG) signed a Memorandum of Understanding (MOU) to install a vermiculture system in SJOG to treat some of the organic waste generated by the on site kitchen facility. This is an effort made by SJOG to reduce the amount of organic waste sent to landfill each year and to treat the waste on site as part of a recycling/reuse program. The study is aimed at scientifically monitoring vermicomposting process and to understand the optimum management requirements to improve the operation of an institutional scale worm farm. In addition, an experiment was conducted to investigate the suitability of bedding materials: horse manure, cow manure, peat coir, and natural bedding (vermicast). The species of earthworms used in this experiment were Red (Lumbricus rubellus), Tiger (Eisenia fetida), and Blue (Lumbricus excavatus). The pH, temperature, worm population and quality of castings were tested in different beds. Results indicated that vermicast was the best bedding for vermicomposting, and there were no significant difference between the performances of the other three beds. However, it can be concluded that the bedding material of horse manure, cow manure, and peat coir were successfully established well within the experimental period of eight weeks, and cow manure with the lowest C:N ratio produced the best quality bedding. As using vermicast for the initial bedding creates a very high capital cost these organic substrates provide cost-effective alternative. Therefore they would be quite appropriate to initiate an institutional scale worm farm.
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 11-2015
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 07-2018
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 02-2018
Publisher: IOP Publishing
Date: 14-12-2018
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 06-2014
Publisher: IWA Publishing
Date: 09-2001
Abstract: Limited water resources exist in numerous remote indigenous settlements around Australia. Indigenous people in these communities are still living in rudimentary conditions while their urban counterparts have full amenities, large scale water supplies and behavioral practices which may not be appropriate for an arid continent but are supported by extensive infrastructure in higher rainfall coastal areas. As remote indigenous communities continue to develop, their water use will increase, and in some cases, costly solutions may have to be implemented to augment supplies. Water harvesting techniques have been applied in settlements on a small scale for domestic and municipal purposes, and in the large, broadacre farm setting for productive use of the water. The techniques discussed include swales, infiltration basins, infiltration trenches and “sand dam” basins. This paper reviews the applications of water harvesting relevant to small communities for land rehabilitation, landscaping and flood control. Landscaping is important in these communities as it provides shelter from the sun and wind, reduces soil erosion and hence reduced airborne dust, and in some cases provides food and nutrition. Case studies of water harvesting systems applied in the Pilbara Region, Western Australia for landscaping around single dwellings in Jigalong and Cheeditha, in a permaculture garden in Wittenoon and at a college and carpark in Karratha are described.
Publisher: Springer International Publishing
Date: 30-12-2016
Publisher: MDPI AG
Date: 06-03-2020
DOI: 10.3390/SU12052047
Abstract: A 100% renewable energy-based stand-alone microgrid system can be developed by robust energy storage systems to stabilize the variable and intermittent renewable energy resources. Hydrogen as an energy carrier and energy storage medium has gained enormous interest globally in recent years. Its use in stand-alone or off-grid microgrids for both the urban and rural communities has commenced recently in some locations. Therefore, this research evaluates the techno-economic feasibility of renewable energy-based systems using hydrogen as energy storage for a stand-alone/off-grid microgrid. Three case scenarios in a microgrid environment were identified and investigated in order to select an optimum solution for a remote community by considering the energy balance and techno-economic optimization. The “HOMER Pro” energy modelling and simulating software was used to compare the energy balance, economics and environmental impact amongst the proposed scenarios. The simulation results showed that the hydrogen-battery hybrid energy storage system is the most cost-effective scenario, though all developed scenarios are technically possible and economically comparable in the long run, while each has different merits and challenges. It has been shown that the proposed hybrid energy systems have significant potentialities in electrifying remote communities with low energy generation costs, as well as a contribution to the reduction of their carbon footprint and to ameliorating the energy crisis to achieve a sustainable future.
Publisher: IEEE
Date: 11-2017
Publisher: IWA Publishing
Date: 19-12-2015
Abstract: This study examines diffusion theory as an explanatory framework for the adoption of an ecological toilet by ‘first-moving’ customers in an urban setting in Malawi. The study was conducted during the early stages of a social marketing programme. A pragmatic paradigm was applied to address three research questions using mixed methods. The qualitative investigation formed the primary component of the study and interviewed 14 customers who were selected to receive micro-finance loans to purchase the ecological toilet. These 14 customers were labelled ‘first movers’. The study identified that ‘first movers’ only partially displayed characteristics of ‘innovators’ and the product met three of five characteristics associated with successful rates of diffusion. Improving the trialability and simplicity of the product, through field-testing, human-centred or participatory design approaches could improve the likelihood of the product attaining the characteristics that support successful diffusion. Organisations that apply social marketing approaches to improve urban sanitation coverage may improve their efficacy, equity and cost-effectiveness by utilising diffusion theory as the theoretical framework to design, implement and evaluate their programmes.
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 02-2020
Publisher: MDPI AG
Date: 17-08-2020
DOI: 10.3390/W12082310
Abstract: There is paucity of data on the quantification of the benefits of residential greywater reuse via direct ersion. While estimates have been made based on modelling the potential mains water savings, it is also recognised that the practicalities of system operation and occupant behaviour introduce substantial variation to these estimates. Three single residential housing projects in Fremantle, Western Australia, undertaken over ten years with a substantial focus on water efficiency and mains water substitution, have provided an opportunity to quantify these benefits. All three dwellings were intensively metered and documented. This paper describes the learnings generated along the way, including the methodology developed to effectively integrate direct ersion greywater reuse into a productive garden, along with other water sources to satisfy landscape water demand. Importantly a robust quantification of actual greywater volumes and associated mains water savings was made. The publication of actual greywater volumes will significantly contribute to this field and go a long way towards validating the merits of residential greywater reuse on mains water savings when systems are properly installed and operated. Brief considerations are also provided for energy efficiency and financial assessment.
Publisher: Springer International Publishing
Date: 12-2018
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 2017
DOI: 10.1016/J.SCITOTENV.2016.09.136
Abstract: A quantitative framework for sustainable desalination planning in metropolitan areas, which integrates the tools of mixed integer linear programming and life cycle assessment, is presented. The life cycle optimisation framework allows for optimal desalination planning by considering choices over intake type, staging and location of the infrastructure under different land-use, environmental and economic policies. Optimality is defined by the decision maker's selected objective function, being either an environmental impact or a levelised cost indicator. The framework was tested for future desalination planning scenarios in the northern metropolitan area of Perth, Western Australia. Results indicate that multi-staged construction and decentralised planning solutions may produce lower life cycle environmental impacts (58%) and at a lower levelised cost (24%) than a centralised desalination solution currently being considered by Western Australian water planners. Sensitivity analysis results suggest that the better environmental and economic performance of decentralised planning over centralised planning is highly sensitive to the proportion of land that can be made available for the siting of decentralised plants near the demand zone. Insight into land use policies is a critical factor to the initiation and success of decentralised solution in developed metropolitan areas.
Publisher: MDPI AG
Date: 19-11-2022
DOI: 10.3390/SU142215394
Abstract: Centella asiatica is an herbal plant with many health benefits due to the content of asiaticoside compounds. Factors affecting asiaticoside content are altitude, soil texture, and soil nutrient status. This research aimed to identify the effect of zeolite, P2O5 fertilizer, and soil media from different altitudes on C. asiatica. The research was conducted in a greenhouse from August 2017–June 2018. The experimental design was a factorial, completely randomized design with three factors and four replications. The first factor was soil media that originated from 100, 450, and 900 m above sea level (asl), the second factor was the dose of P2O5 fertilizer (0, 27, 54, and 81 kg ha−1), and the third was the dose of zeolite (0, 3, and 6 t ha−1). The results showed that applying zeolite minerals at all altitudes increased nutrient availability and soil cation exchange capacity (CEC) by up to 70%. The novelty of this study is that the soil from an altitude of 900 m asl, with a P2O5 fertilizer dose of 54 kg ha−1, has a loamy sand soil texture and produces the highest asiaticoside content (3.61%) and the largest plant dry weight (19.24 g). These results did not significantly differ from those obtained from the soil 450 m asl with a sandy loam soil texture (the most suitable soil texture for C. asiatica), that is 3.37% asiaticoside and 19.87 g plant dry weight. This study concluded that C. asiatica could develop in loamy sand soil by giving it 54 kg ha−1 P2O5 fertilizer.
Publisher: IEEE
Date: 06-2012
Publisher: IWA Publishing
Date: 09-2001
Abstract: In the past sewage ponding in indigenous settlements was commonplace as a result of overcrowding combined with inappropriate septic tank and leach drain design, installation and operation. The response over the past 10 years has been to develop reticulated sewerage systems to lagoons when the funds become available. These are often successful in terms of operation, improved public health and low maintenance but are expensive and wasteful of limited water supplies. Evapotranspiration (ET) is an effective method for on-site domestic effluent disposal in areas of Western Australia with soils of low permeability. Evapotranspiration systems have been established in a number of communities both for research/demonstration and as specified by architects. The systems usually follow two septic tanks for the disposal of all domestic effluent. A case study will be presented for a remote indigenous community where the ET systems installed for greywater only have been monitored over the last two years since installation. The use of evapotranspiration has enabled reuse of effluent for successful ex les of revegetation and food production and points to the need for a holistic approach to design and service delivery in these communities that includes a total environmental management plan.
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 07-2016
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Date: 06-10-2016
Publisher: IWA Publishing
Date: 09-2001
Abstract: Domestic wastewater reuse is currently not permitted anywhere in Australia but is widely supported by the community, promoted by researchers, and improvised by up to 20% of householders. Its widespread implementation will make an enormous contribution to the sustainability of water resources. Integrated with other strategies in the outdoor living environment of settlements in arid lands, great benefit will be derived. This paper describes six options for wastewater reuse under research by the Remote Area Developments Group (RADG) at Murdoch University and case studies are given where productive use is being made for revegetation and food production strategies at household and community scales. Pollution control techniques, public health precautions and maintenance requirements are described. The special case of remote Aboriginal communities is explained where prototype systems have been installed by RADG to generate windbreaks and orchards. New Australian design standards and draft guidelines for domestic greywater reuse produced by the Western Australian State government agencies for mainstream communities are evaluated. It is recommended that dry composting toilets be coupled with domestic greywater reuse and the various types available in Australia are described. For situations where only the flushing toilet will suffice the unique “wet composting” system can be used and this also is described. A vision for household and community-scale on-site application is presented.
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Date: 2013
Publisher: IEEE
Date: 11-2017
Publisher: IWA Publishing
Date: 05-2011
DOI: 10.2166/WST.2011.399
Abstract: Alternate water sources are being implemented in urban areas to augment scheme water supplied by a water utility to homes. These sources include residential wells, rainwater tanks and greywater systems. Greater water efficiency can be achieved when these systems are designed to match a water source to a given demand based on both water quantity and quality parameters. In this way the use of an alternate water source can be maximised and the use of the high quality scheme water minimised. This paper examines the use of multiple alternate water sources sequentially to supply the same demand point potentially optimising the use of all available water sources. It also allows correct sizing of such water systems and their components to reduce scheme water demand. A decision support tool based on water balance modelling was developed that considers such water options at the household scale. Application of this tool to eight scenarios for both large and small house lots shows that using alternate water sources in idually can result in significant scheme water savings. However by integrating these sources additional scheme water saving can be made.
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Date: 09-2009
Publisher: Elsevier
Date: 2018
Publisher: IWA Publishing
Date: 12-2012
Abstract: Formative market research is the first step in developing evidence-based sanitation marketing programs. In Malawi, the design, implementation and evaluation of rural sanitation marketing programs has been limited. This study applied a mixed methodological approach to examine the dynamic interactions between the supply and demand of sanitation in three rural districts. The supply assessment identified an extremely limited range of latrine options. Sanitation suppliers reported very low household demand for their existing latrine options. An additional constraint reported by suppliers was householders' perception of a hardware subsidy for latrine construction. The demand assessment found a key constraint of constructing an unlined pit latrine was their short time-in-use (11–13 months). Householders expressed despondency at having to consistently rebuild collapsed, unlined pit latrines. For brick-lined latrines, a key barrier was affordability combined with an over-estimation of construction costs. Key motivations to construct brick-lined latrines included product attributes and social drivers. Wide variations in access to income and use of micro-finance organizations were recorded within and across the study sites. Formative market research is an iterative process from which new lines of investigation arise. This study provides information that will provide a foundation for the ongoing research, design, implementation and monitoring of rural sanitation marketing programs in Malawi.
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 07-2014
Publisher: IWA Publishing
Date: 16-04-2019
DOI: 10.2166/WPT.2019.028
Abstract: Householders in cities face water-related issues due to the increasing cost and restrictions in water use, especially during drought. They respond in many different ways, ranging from installing water efficient appliances, adopting water-saving behavior and implementing greywater reuse, to being water self reliant (off-mains supply). The latter approach should consider using only rainwater falling on the property boundaries, and if self-supply is from groundwater it should be derived from rainwater falling on the property. Therefore, sustainability depends on the annual rainfall, size of property and availability of storage for water to be used during periods without rainfall. In principle any house can be retrofitted to rely solely on rainwater, because technologies exist to treat subsequent wastewater to any quality desired for reuse. However, the energy requirement and investment needed may negate overall sustainability. Very few studies have assessed water use in households to determine whether relying solely on rainwater is practical or sustainable in the long-term. Three case studies in Perth, Western Australia are reported here, where water auditing has been used for sustainability assessment.
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 2020
Publisher: Institute of Research and Community Services Diponegoro University (LPPM UNDIP)
Date: 29-08-2021
DOI: 10.14710/IJRED.2022.38535
Abstract: Waves are an alternative energy source that can be used for electricity generation. Wave Energy Converter (WEC) system in perforated breakwater is potentially applicable WEC system for coastal area. The magnitude of wave energy generated is determined by the volume of sea water inside the perforated breakwater. This volumetric flow rate is calculated using the flow velocity at perforated holes on the structure slope. Therefore, this research aims to study the velocity magnitude by analyzing the interrelation among wave steepness, wave run-up and relative velocity. The method used consists of applying numeric 3D flow model in the perforated structure of the breakwater with the variation of wave height, wave period and structure slope. The result shows that, the steeper the structure, the bigger is the relative run up (Ru/H). The higher the relative run up, the higher are the relative run-up velocities (V/Vru). As the velocity increase, the volumetric flow rate inside perforated breakwater will be higher, which leads to higher wave energy. Hence, it can be concluded that the higher the velocities (V/Vru), the higher is the wave energy generated.
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 02-2006
Publisher: AIP
Date: 2007
DOI: 10.1063/1.2806069
Publisher: Springer International Publishing
Date: 2018
Publisher: IWA Publishing
Date: 09-2001
Abstract: The Remote Area Developments Group in the Institute for Environmental Science at Murdoch University developed a video and booklet education package on water conservation. The package was developed after research, review of current efforts in water conservation, and consultation with communities showed that there was a need in this area. The package was distributed to all communities within Western Australia. Several different workshops were conducted with Indigenous Environmental Health Workers from around Western Australia in remote areas and in the Perth Metropolitan communities using the package. This paper will briefly describe the opportunities and constraints that exist for water conservation in remote Aboriginal communities in Western Australia as well as give an evaluation of the education package based on workshops, trials and survey instrument. This paper will explain the conclusions that have been drawn from the study: that a broad delivery style is the most advantageous style for remote communities, allowing the facilitator to assess the best style of delivery.
Publisher: IWA Publishing
Date: 09-2010
DOI: 10.2166/WPT.2010.047
Abstract: Decentralised wastewater recycling and irrigation systems have been established with industry partners in Perth urban villages. The project is now monitoring and evaluating these systems for performance and reliability to meet regulatory standards, effects on soil and vegetation, pathogen disinfection, nutrients prevented from infiltration to groundwater or infiltrated and recycled, maintenance issues of the systems and the effective amount of scheme and bore water saved in the long term. Three trial sites were established for the Premier's Water Foundation (PWF) (Bridgewater Lifestyle Village 389 household greywater recycling Timbers Edge Resort Village 260 houses to common greywater recycling Banksia Tourist Village 162 park homes to common wastewater treatment) The research team continues to conduct research on other promising sites (Somerville Ecovillage with 104 houses on dry composting toilets and greywater recycling and Tuart Lakes Lifestyle Village with 415 park homes to common wastewater treatment). This paper provides an overview of the results to date from five research topics: completed are a new regulatory framework, a technical elements model, and a new water balance and efficiency rating tool. For the fourth topic, trials found that mosquito control measures are effective. Fifthly, early monitoring results for a “zero emissions nutrients” (ZEN) model for urban land developments are promising with nutrient leaching within prescribed limits.
Publisher: IWA Publishing
Date: 09-1991
Abstract: Small communities will often need alternative systems of water supply, sanitation, washing and wastewater disposal facilities. Numerous agencies supply various models of ablutions facilities. The Remote Area Hygiene Facility comprises laundry, shower, toilet, wastewater disposal trench, solar water heater, chipheater, hand-operated washing machine and washing line. The toilet is a water–seal, low water demand, pit type. A plastic, solar water heater has been developed to overcome the problems experienced by commercial, metallic units such as blockages, breakages and ruptures due to freezing. The plastic design is more durable in the chosen environment and quite easy to assemble. Wastewater disposal is by evapotranspiration which is shown to be more effective than leach drains in tight, clay soils and promotes the growth of trees and shrubs. The Remote Area Developments Group proposes the installation of these units as community–based training projects to provide general construction skills, environmental hygiene education and a commitment to maintenance.
Publisher: MDPI AG
Date: 14-08-2020
DOI: 10.3390/W12082291
Abstract: The objective of this study is to elucidate the mechanism by which blockages occur in sewer pipes following the deposition of fat, oil, and grease (FOG) and suspended solids (SS). In this study, a simulated wastewater flow experiment was conducted to elucidate the mechanism of sewer pipe blockage using lauric acid as fatty acid and florisil to simulate FOG and SS blockages, respectively. Unplasticized polyvinyl chloride pipes (ϕ = 50 mm) with a flow speed of 2 L/min and 1% inclination were used in this experiment. In “Case L & F (lauric acid florisil),” the deposition of florisil and adhesion of solids increased at the bottom of the sewer pipe over a set period. After seven days, decreases in lauric acid concentration from 1000 to 57 mg/L and in Ca2+ concentration from 18 to 0.8 mg/L were observed. FOG deposits formed solids by the saponification of lauric acid and Ca2+ from tap water. In the simulated kitchen wastewater, either lauric acid or florisil exhibited solid deposition and adhesion. Based on these findings, the blockage mechanism was elucidated to confirm FOG deposition of and SS influenced by the combination of lauric acid, Ca2+, and florisil.
Publisher: MDPI AG
Date: 19-08-2014
DOI: 10.3390/SU6085423
Publisher: IWA Publishing
Date: 05-2005
Abstract: Integrated Urban Water Management (IUWM) seeks to extend Water Sensitive Urban Design to a total water cycle approach that includes reuse of wastewaters. This paper investigates the appropriateness of environmental technologies for application at a cluster scale in IUWM. Many environmental technologies are economically or physically unsuited to use on a municipal or unit scale. Cluster scale is a middle ground that will allow such environmental technologies to achieve full potential. The concept of cluster scale and the application of environmental technologies at this scale are discussed along with some ex les of suitable technologies.
Publisher: IEEE
Date: 12-2019
Publisher: IOP Publishing
Date: 07-2021
DOI: 10.1088/1755-1315/794/1/012059
Abstract: Pier is part of the structure under the bridge. The existence of a pier in the river flow causes changes in river flow patterns. Changes in the flow pattern will result in local scouring around the pier. This study aims to determine the effect of the shape of the pier on the potential for local scour that occurs around the pier, and the flow characteristics around the pier. This studymodelled the existing conditions of the Ciujung Bridge, where the Ciujung Bridge uses an oblong pier shape, and the shape will be replaced with a lenticular model pier. FLOW-3D (CFD) software will be used to modelled flow characteristics and the depth of scour that occurs.
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 09-05-2013
DOI: 10.1007/S10661-013-3189-0
Abstract: The option of reusing greywater is proving to be increasingly attractive to address the water shortage issue in many arid and semiarid countries. Greywater represents a constant resource, since an approximately constant amount of greywater is generated from kitchen, laundries, bathroom in every household daily, independent of the weather. However, the use of greywater for irrigation in particular for household gardening may pose major hazards that have not been studied thoroughly. In this study, a 1-year monitoring was conducted in four selected households in Perth, Western Australia. The aim of the monitoring works is to investigate the variability in the greywater flow and quality, and to understand its impact in the surrounding environments. Case studies were selected based on different family structure including number, ages of the occupants, and greywater system they used. S les of greywater effluent (showers, laundries, bathtub, and sinks), leachate, soil, and plants at each case study were collected between October 2008 and December 2009 which covered the high (spring/summer) and low (autumn/winter) production of greywater. Physical and chemical tests were based on the literature and expected components of laundry and bathroom greywater particularly on greywater components likely to have detrimental impacts on soils, plants, and other water bodies. Monitoring results showed the greywater quality values for BOD, TSS, and pH which sometimes fell outside the range as stipulated in the guidelines. The soil analyses results showed that salinity, SAR, and the organic content of the soil increased as a function of time and affected the plant growth. Nutrient leaching or losses from soil irrigated with greywater shows the movement of nutrients and the sole impact from greywater in uncontrolled plots in case studies is difficult to predicted due to the influence of land dynamics and activities. Investigative and research monitoring was used to understand greywater irrigation in households. Greywater quality is very site specific and difficult to predetermine or control except for the use of some recommended household products when using greywater. Investigative and research monitoring was indicated that greywater quality is very site specific and difficult to predetermine or control except for the use of some recommended household products when using greywater.
Publisher: IOP Publishing
Date: 02-2020
DOI: 10.1088/1755-1315/426/1/012058
Abstract: This paper is a review of the development of simulation model for water-energy nexus in achieving sustainable water management in Indonesia. It is important to understand complex interconnection of water and energy to create strategy since Indonesia is facing the decrease of resources and increase of demand. A system dynamic simulation model is a reliable tool to simulate the relationship between water and energy. This study objective is to develop a conceptual model that can determine the amount of demand, supply, or import of water and energy. The method used is a Vensim (Ventana Simulation Environment) program. This conceptual water-energy nexus framework could further being tested to calculate the balance of water and energy element and creating sustainable resource management plans.
Publisher: EDP Sciences
Date: 2017
DOI: 10.1051/REES/2017027
Publisher: IOP Publishing
Date: 07-2021
DOI: 10.1088/1755-1315/794/1/012065
Abstract: Sustainability in construction sector implementation depends to a wide range of level at national, regional, and local level. Also, it depends on the social and cultural aspect. Construction site safety is an essential aspect of sustainable construction. This paper proposes to identify the causes of accidents and building failure to mitigate construction safety and building failure, and to describe the development and implementation of safety construction in order to improve safety culture according to the Law of Indonesia Republic No. 2/2017 of Construction Service and Decree of Minister of Public Works and Housing No. 21/PRT/M/2019 of Implementation Guideline of Construction Safety Management. Furthermore, the awareness of d from considering the underlying causes of accidents. This paper suggested, for the prevention of COVID-19 control and the accordance of construction safety the optimization of digital services in coordination, supervision, control, and administrative governance is urgently needed. Moreover, the development of information technology and legal basis are required to achieve zero construction accidents and high quality infrastructure for both the service providers and users.
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 06-2018
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Date: 2019
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 11-2020
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Date: 18-07-2015
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 09-2006
DOI: 10.1016/J.BIORTECH.2010.04.012
Abstract: It was desired to study a simplified method of cellulase production using solid-state fermentation for its potential to be used on-site as part of a cellulose to ethanol conversion process, in lieu of expensive and energy intensive commercial enzyme preparations. Crude unprocessed cellulase extracts were produced by solid-state fermentation of Trichoderma reesei on ground wheat straw. While cellulase yields were not high they were sufficient to produce ethanol from wheat straw in simultaneous saccharification and fermentation with Saccharomyces cerevisiae. As little as an additional 5% of the material converted to ethanol may be employed for cellulase production suggesting an inordinate quantity of additional substrate would not be required. These findings suggest a simplified crude cellulase process at the site of ethanol production using a common lignocellulosic substrate may be employed in lieu of commercial enzyme preparations.
Publisher: IWA Publishing
Date: 27-06-2019
DOI: 10.2166/WS.2019.093
Abstract: Smart metering and data analytics enable the implementation of a range of on-site infrastructures for energy, water and waste management to demonstrate the interconnected infrastructure of future smart cities. A research project in Western Australia is integrating smart metering technology, household participation and data analytics. An improved understanding of hybrid water systems at residential scale, as socially accepted solutions to promote water efficiency and economic savings, within the traditional centralized urban water network is achieved. An integrated water model and a system of water credits and debits are developed and tested on a case study for which 10-minute logged water consumption data of its hybrid water system are available for 1 year. The model is shown to provide a full characterization of the relationship between the household and the water resources, thus assisting with improved urban water management which promotes the rollout of decentralized hybrid water systems whilst accounting for the impacts on the aquifer as an ecosystem service provider.
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 06-2015
Publisher: Elsevier
Date: 2018
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 02-2019
Publisher: Elsevier
Date: 2017
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 2001
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 05-2019
Publisher: Elsevier
Date: 2019
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 24-04-2019
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 07-2014
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 12-2019
Publisher: MDPI AG
Date: 26-09-2023
DOI: 10.3390/LAND12101833
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 02-2019
Publisher: IOP Publishing
Date: 07-2021
DOI: 10.1088/1755-1315/794/1/012053
Abstract: Infrastructure and transportation are important sector in the realization of Sustainable Development Goals in rural area. The understanding of strategic variables of infrastructure and transportation is very crucial. Therefore, this paper aim to present how we used structural analysis method to identify the sustainability variables of infrastructure and transportation in rural area. Kendayakan village in Serang Regency, a rural area, is studied due to its location as a hinterland to the coastal area of Banten province. The methodology of study is using the Impact Matrix Cross-Reference Multiplication Applied to a Classification (MICMAC) software for analysing the strategic variables. The three pillars of Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) elements of environmental, economic and social, represented by environmental quality index, income per capita and population density variables, respectively, were included in the analysis. Variables of infrastructure/transportation sustainability analysed were as follows: roads, bridges, water supply, water conservation, drainage and sanitation system, flood management, and housing/building ublic facilities. The result shows that bridge infrastructure is classified as key factor which has the highest influence and independent. However, further research should be performed with more variables within the SDGs dimensions of economic, social and environmental.
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 11-2006
DOI: 10.1016/J.BIORTECH.2005.09.020
Abstract: The aim of this work was to test combination of the thermocomposting and vermicomposting to improve the treatment efficiency and assess the optimum period required in each method to produce good quality compost. The results showed that pre-thermocomposting improved vermicomposting of kitchen waste. A 9-day thermocomposting prior to vermicomposting helped in mass reduction, moisture management and pathogen reduction.
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Date: 14-07-2016
DOI: 10.1080/09593330.2015.1063706
Abstract: This paper describes the development and experimental evaluation of a novel bubble column-based humidification-dehumidification system, for small-scale desalination of saline groundwater or seawater in remote regions. A bubble evaporator prototype was built and matched with a simple flat-plate type condenser for concept assessment. Consistent bubble evaporation rates of between 80 and 88 ml per hour were demonstrated. Particular focus was on the performance of the simple condenser prototype, manufactured from rectangular polyvinylchlorid plastic pipe and copper sheet, a material with a high thermal conductivity that quickly allows for conduction of the heat energy. Under laboratory conditions, a long narrow condenser model of 1500 mm length and 100 mm width achieved condensate recovery rates of around 73%, without the need for external cooling. The condenser prototype was assessed under a range of different physical conditions, that is, external water cooling, partial insulation and aspects of air circulation, via implementing an internal honeycomb screen structure. Estimated by extrapolation, an up-scaled bubble desalination system with a 1 m2 condenser may produce around 19 l of distilled water per day. Sodium chloride salt removal was found to be highly effective with condensate salt concentrations between 70 and 135 µS. Based on findings and with the intent to reduce material cost of the system, a shorter condenser length of 750 mm for the non-cooled (passive) condenser and of 500 mm for the water-cooled condenser was considered to be equally efficient as the experimentally evaluated prototype of 1500 mm length.
No related grants have been discovered for Martin Anda.