ORCID Profile
0000-0002-4704-5877
Current Organisation
University of Tasmania
Does something not look right? The information on this page has been harvested from data sources that may not be up to date. We continue to work with information providers to improve coverage and quality. To report an issue, use the Feedback Form.
Publisher: Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)
Date: 12-2014
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 10-10-2023
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 29-01-2016
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Date: 10-02-2023
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 08-12-2018
Publisher: Queensland University of Technology
Date: 30-11-2018
DOI: 10.5204/SSJ.V9I4.653
Abstract: As the cohort of students in Australian universities become increasingly erse, attention to ensuring their success is an emerging issue of social justice in tertiary education. Navigating transitions through the student journey is crucial to their success. Exploring and responding to the needs of a cohort of first-year students is the focus of this research. Using a participatory action approach, this project aimed to discover what is meaningful for first-year students, by exploring how students experienced the processes of admission, enrolment, commencement, and learning and teaching in two fast-track and one online health degrees. Nine students were partnered with nine academics for a six-month period. The analysis offers insights into equity issues in relation to the institution’s admission processes, the quality of support and engagement from academics to students when transitioning to university life, and how students find their ‘place’. Strategies to support the transition process for first-year students are identified and discussed.
Publisher: Hamad bin Khalifa University Press (HBKU Press)
Date: 09-10-2016
DOI: 10.5339/JEMTAC.2016.ICEPQ.79
Abstract: Introduction: Simulation is almost synonymous with computerised mannequins although they are not always essential components of the learning experience as what often matters most is the facilitation process of the learning experience rather than the technology. Methods: We developed Visually Enhanced Mental Simulation (VEMS) for staff to demonstrate cognitive and decision making skills away from the practical context. Scenario participants are oriented by facilitators to the VEMS process which is a simulation approach that involves a whiteboard, laminated cards, and a poster to represent equipment and the patient. It requires participants to verbalise thoughts and actions including equipment settings, and actual communication with the patient and bystanders represented by the facilitators. Information like physiological parameters and interventions made by the participating crew are written on the whiteboard. Scenarios use the same scripts as what is prepared for full-scale simulation and are followed by a debriefing. It is complemented by parallel skills sessions, and ultimately both aspects are combined into full-scale scenario-based simulation. Results: VEMS has been facilitated with uni/multi-professional teams of healthcare professionals for pre-hospital, interfacility, and handover scenarios. Comparison between VEMS and mannequin-based scenarios is ongoing and currently shows just a slightly less positive rating for VEMS although they advocate for this modality prior to full-scale simulation. VEMS reduces pressure on equipment demand and the staff engagement is such that similar clinical practitioner's mistakes are “observed” in both types of simulation approaches. Conclusion: VEMS can be run almost anywhere as it requires a minimum of equipment but still requires time and experienced facilitators. Briefing about the process and expectations are as important as the preparation of the scenario script and clinical knowledge and facilitation style of the facilitators. VEMS can be very engaging for multiprofessional teams and address learning outcomes similar to what would be achieved in full-scale simulation.
Publisher: IOP Publishing
Date: 23-06-2016
Publisher: Medpharm Publications
Date: 2010
Publisher: Hamad bin Khalifa University Press (HBKU Press)
Date: 14-02-2019
Publisher: Hamad bin Khalifa University Press (HBKU Press)
Date: 14-02-2017
Publisher: Hamad bin Khalifa University Press (HBKU Press)
Date: 09-10-2016
DOI: 10.5339/JEMTAC.2016.ICEPQ.122
Abstract: Background: Clinical governance requires having a process for adverse incident review and management to ensure the organisation ‘learns from its mistakes’ to prevent repetition. How leadership implements this system may enhance learning and patient safety, or have the unintended consequence of raising alarm, possible demotivation, and staff becoming risk-averse. The impact of the existing Ambulance Service incident management process was assessed from an organizational culture aspect. Methods: Action research uses iterative and collaborative cycles of study, action, and reflection to not only understand a complex situation by holding an attitude of inquiry but also to bring about positive change. Dialogue and narrative enquiry were used to collect data using a grounded theory approach for data interpretation. Dialogue was used both for reflection and for initiating change at various levels within the Service. Results: Initial data indicated a moderate fear culture in the Service, with staff becoming risk averse in the clinical environment due to concerns of being called for investigation. Dialogue sessions were held with key role players highlighting the experiences of staff. The impact of these conversations were reflected on and the outcomes of this reflection was used to frame further dialogue. Narrative (stories) of staff experiences were collected and used in the dialogue to highlight the impact of the adverse incident review system on staff morale. Based on these conversations, leadership made changes, including developing new incident review process with peer involvement, changing leaders of the process and an increased focus on communicating feedback to staff. As one staff member noted the mood in the corridors is much lighter. Conclusion: Action research provides an effective method for leaders, working in the real world environment, in dealing with the complex issues to bring about positive change, both in quality and patient safety, and staff satisfaction point of view.
Publisher: Hamad bin Khalifa University Press (HBKU Press)
Date: 09-10-2016
DOI: 10.5339/JEMTAC.2016.ICEPQ.82
Abstract: Objective: The objective of this study was to collect feedback from Ambulance Paramedics (AP) with respect of their experience of using an External Chest Compression Device (ECCD) on cardiac arrest patients. Aspects of particular interest were ease of use and their perceived effectiveness of delivered CPR. Background: HMCAS crews attend to several hundreds of cardiac arrests a year. To achieve Return of Spontaneous Circulation (ROSC), the key requirements are the provision of effective chest compressions delivering oxygen to the brain, maintaining coronary perfusion pressure, and priming the heart for successful defibrillation. Providing effective manual chest compressions in the austere Qatar pre-hospital setting with high temperatures is challenging, hence all HMCAS emergency vehicles have been equipped with ECCD. Methods: HMCAS receives daily reports compiled by its Documentation Officers. These reports highlight specific cases in which use of the ECCD was indicated but not implemented. These cases are followed up and audited to assess if non-provision of automated chest compressions was clinically acceptable. HMCAS monitors specific key performance indicators, i.e. ’Use of the LUCAS™2 in Adult Medical CPR Cases’ as well as ’ROSC in Medical CPR’. Feedback was collected over a 3-month period using a 10-point Likert scale type questionnaire distributed to ambulance paramedic teams who had used the ECCD during a real medical cardiac arrest case. Results: The results are based on 54 returned feedback questionnaires. Using a scale with 1 being very difficult and 10 being very easy, ambulance paramedics’ mean rating of the device's ease of use was of 8.8/10. Similarly, on a scale indicating perceived effectiveness, staff indicated that they found the chest compressions provided by ECCD to be highly effective (mean = 9.41/10). Conclusion: HMCAS staffs are highly satisfied with making use of the device since it provides them with a safer work environment and they are less fatigued after finishing a CPR case, especially during the summer months.
Publisher: Hamad bin Khalifa University Press (HBKU Press)
Date: 09-10-2016
DOI: 10.5339/JEMTAC.2016.ICEPQ.21
Abstract: Background: Worldwide ambulances are regularly involved in accidents as staff may not anticipate other drivers' actions, suffer from fatigue, or overestimate their driving privileges. An ambulance driving safety c aign started in June 2015 targeting some 935 registered HMCAS drivers. We aim to determine if our approach is effective in changing behaviours and believes, and reducing the number of accidents involving HMCAS vehicles. Methods: This study was ethically approved as a quality improvement project and is still ongoing. The c aign made use of ambulance dashboard stickers and posters at ambulance stations' exits with respectively 4 and 6 key messages covering frequent issues resulting in collisions. An official circular also informed staff of the c aign. A month later a survey started to be distributed to staff. Results: In two month, 189 anonymous online or paper questionnaires were fully completed. 69.2% of respondents had an HMCAS driving qualification (13.7% of qualified HMCAS drivers). On average, they reported having been involved in 0.90 accident requiring vehicle repair. Using a 5-point Likert scale (1 = very unsafe, 5 = very safe) respondents rated themselves as being safe drivers (4.24/5) and underestimated the monthly number of accidents with HMCAS vehicles to be 15.3 (Actual 21.2/month registered in 2014). Other data about self-reported driving behaviour and comparison between their perception about accidents and real data was analysed along with visibility and memorisation of the key messages. Conclusions: Staff underestimated the number of accidents. C aign material has been noticed by most staff except for the stickers inside the ambulances driving compartment which is not accessed by 23.2% of the respondents. Staff who saw the posters and stickers remembered nearly half of the information it contained. Although a significant decline accidents occurrences was noticed in September, the impact of the c aign cannot yet be reliably assessed over this relatively short period of time.
Publisher: Hamad bin Khalifa University Press (HBKU Press)
Date: 12-11-2015
DOI: 10.5339/JLGHS.2015.ITMA.59
Abstract: Fatal vehicle crashes are not uncommon for ambulance paramedics (1-3). Emergency services staff may be overconfident and overestimate the privileges they have on the road and overlook basic driving safety principles (4). In line with the WHO (5) a driving safety c aign targeting some 935 registered HMCAS drivers and other staff was initiated in June 2015. We aim to determine if our approach is effective in changing behaviour and believes, and reducing the number of accidents in which our vehicles are involved, and surveyed the staff. Posters and stickers were designed with respectively 6 and 4 key messages covering the most frequent issues resulting in collisions (with objects/other vehicles) or potentially putting lives at risk. These are visibly displayed at all ambulance stations and in the vehicle driving compartments. An official staff circular was then sent to inform them of the c aign. A month later a survey accessible online and on paper started to be distributed to staff. In one month 141 anonymous questionnaires were returned fully completed. On average using a 5-point Likert scale respondents rated themselves as being safe drivers (4.2/5) and estimated the monthly number of accident with HMCAS vehicles to be 15.3 (22.1/month registered in 2014) and to mainly occur at traffic light (75.2%). 75% had noticed the posters and 60% the stickers. Those who noticed could respectively cite 53.3% (3.2) and 54.6% (2.2) of the key messages. 72% of respondents (n=102) had an HMCAS driving qualification (10.9% of qualified HMCAS drivers). On average they had been involved in 0.95 accident requiring vehicle repair. As expected, staff underestimate the number of accidents. References: 1- Maguire, B. J., Hunting, K. L., Smith, G. S., & Levick, N. R. (2002). Occupational fatalities in emergency medical services: a hidden crisis. Annals of emergency medicine, 40(6), 625-632. 2- Maguire, B. J., & Smith, S. (2013). Injuries and fatalities among emergency medical technicians and paramedics in the United States. Prehospital and disaster medicine, 28(04), 376-382. 3- Becker, L. R., Zaloshnja, E., Levick, N., Li, G., & Miller, T. R. (2003). Relative risk of injury and death in ambulances and other emergency vehicles. Accident Analysis & Prevention, 35(6), 941-948. 4- Blau, G., Gibson, G., Hochner, A., & Portwood, J. (2012). Antecedents of Emergency Medical Service high-risk behaviors: Drinking and not wearing a seat belt. Journal of Workplace Behavioral Health, 27(1), 47-61. 5- World Health Organization. (2013). WHO global status report on road safety 2013: supporting a decade of action. World Health Organization. 6- Abu-Zidan, F. M., Abbas, A. K., Hefny, A. F., Eid, H. O., & Grivna, M. (2012). Effects of seat belt usage on injury pattern and outcome of vehicle occupants after road traffic collisions: prospective study. World journal of surgery, 36(2), 255-259. 7- Shepherd, J. L., Lane, D. J., Tapscott, R. L., & Gentile, D. A. (2011). Susceptible to Social Influence: Risky “Driving” in Response to Peer Pressure. Journal of Applied Social Psychology, 41(4), 773-797.
Publisher: Hamad bin Khalifa University Press (HBKU Press)
Date: 09-10-2016
DOI: 10.5339/JEMTAC.2016.ICEPQ.105
Abstract: Background: The handover process is meant to ensure patient safety and maintain continuity of care through endorsement of critical patient information. This study evaluates staff's perceptions about the current patient handover process effectiveness between Ambulance Service (AS) and Emergency Department (ED) clinicians. It may help identify barriers and contributing factors to an effective patient handover. Methods: An electronic questionnaire was circulated to all ED doctors/nurses and AS staff (Estimated N = 1,000). 400 questionnaires were completed of which 92 did not meet the inclusion criteria. Respondents were 43% AS staff, 29% ED nurses, and 28% ED doctors. A 4-point Likert scale (1 = strongly disagree-4 = strongly agree) was used. The mean was calculated for every variable to determine each group perception. One-way ANOVA tested the relationship between demographics and perceptions’ variables. Results: Although 62% of respondents believe the current handover process is safe and 65% believe AS staff report all critical information, 70% of respondents think that it causes AS/ED staff conflicts, and 72% believe the current handover process needs changing. ANOVA test revealed significant differences in the mean between study groups’ handover safety perceptions. Interestingly, ED nurses expressed more safety concern (2.43) than ED doctors (2.58) and AS staff (2.82) with p-value 0.05. The main perceived barriers to effective handover were: Lack of handover protocol (89%) Lack of a standardized handover tool (89%) Fragmented communication (85%) and Frequent interruptions (82%). 93% of the respondents believe the use of a standardized handover tool will improve the patient handover process despite 67% of them not knowing any standardized handover tool. Conclusion: The lack of handover protocol and a standardized tool leads to significant variation and is a patient safety concern due to potential loss of critical information. We believe that a mutually agreed standardized handover tool such as ISBAR would reduce handover variation and ensure quality.
Publisher: Hamad bin Khalifa University Press (HBKU Press)
Date: 09-10-2016
DOI: 10.5339/JEMTAC.2016.ICEPQ.104
Abstract: Background: Ambulance Paramedics are dispatched to all calls while Critical Care Paramedic (CCP) units only attend potentially “life threatening” cases (Priority 1). Ambulance Paramedics (AP) triaged patients based on clinical judgment and experience creating a risk of Priority 1 under or over-triage. QEWS was designed to supplement priority decision-making process based on physiological values used as a trigger to identify patients with a potential risk of deterioration. The objective of this study was to undertake a comparison of the QEWS score calculated from retrospective vital signs data to that of the priority decision-making by ambulance crews. Methods: In our retrospective study, data entered into the Ambulance Service clinical database over a nine-month period before QEWS implementation was analysed for comparison of the priority decision made by the crew for each patient versus the calculated QEWS value based on the first set of six relevant vital signs (Heart rate, Respiratory rate, Systolic blood pressure, Temperature, Oxygen saturation, AVPU). Only cases with patients over 18 years old were included. Results: Of 34,908 retrieved cases, 27,915 (79.97%) had sufficient data to retrospectively determine QEWS. The mean age was 38.62 (+15.84) years and 21,453 (76.85%) were male patients. Priority decision-making correlated in 25,850 cases (92.6%), with 286 (1.11%) Priority 1 and 25,564 (98.89%) Priority 2 patients. In 1,662 cases (5.95%), QEWS retrospectively triaged patients higher and in 1.44%, QEWS triaged patients lower. Conclusions: Physiological variables are an established predictor of risk regarding a patient's condition. Hospital-based early warning scores have been validated and implemented successfully. Only one published pre-hospital scoring system has been validated for triage. Under-triage appears to be a common problem in medical patients. QEWS potentially could address this under-triage issue and appears to be a valid scoring system to implement for prioritising patients to routine or urgent transport, or CCP intervention.
Publisher: Hamad bin Khalifa University Press (HBKU Press)
Date: 09-10-2016
DOI: 10.5339/JEMTAC.2016.ICEPQ.75
Abstract: Background: In 2011, HMCAS designed new Evidence-Based CPG. The previous protocols were not fit for purpose and not best practice. The service had multiple tiers of clinical practice among staff without standardization of care. CPG development is a knowledge management process to ensure standardization of care and a safer patient experience. This research sets out learning from two rounds of CPG development over 4 years. Methods: The guidelines development process was mapped prior to starting in January 2015. CPG development and implementation went through 5 steps: 1. Scoping the guidelines: defining the purpose, the scope of service, and the end users of the guidelines. We conducted a staff survey to understand their views on presentation and purpose. 2. Establishing a working group to identify specific guidelines, clinical outcomes desired, and develop a writing template. 3. Conducting evidence reviews to draft the guidelines and then consulting with all role players to ensure guidelines are best practice and practical, and aligned to clinical pathways. 4. Guidelines publication considering ease of use, clarity, and balance between details and practicality. Finally, guidelines approval. 5. Guidelines implementation: Identifying ch ions to action alignment to systems (logistics/governance/management) and to redesign the corresponding educational curriculum. Results: The development and implementation of the guidelines has resulted in significant changes within the Ambulance Service over 4 years. Reducing multiple tiers of care down to two tiers, standardized education of 900 existing and new clinical staff around guidelines, implementation of standardized pre-packed equipment within the ambulances, and standardized care to the community. This project was recognized by the MD's Stars of Excellence award 2013. Conclusions: To implement standardized care and EBM, CPG are required. Guidelines development and implementation needs expertise, collaborative development, and ch ions who will undertake deliberate alignment of service activities and education to the guidelines.
Publisher: Irish College of Paramedics
Date: 03-09-2018
DOI: 10.32378/IJP.V3I2.91
Abstract: class="Pa2" strong Background /strong class="Pa2" To guide their care paramedics routinely rely upon two assessment and treatment algorithms, known as the primary survey and the secondary survey. No clear consensus of the concepts (assessments and interventions) that are, or should be, included in these algorithms exist internationally. class="Pa2" strong Methods /strong class="Pa2" This paper evaluated Australasian paramedic clinical practice guidelines (CPGs), as well as six other international paramedic CPGs (USA, Ireland, UK, South Africa, Qatar, and the United Arab Emirates) in order to identify which concepts are currently described in best-practice recommendations for paramedics. The authors also contributed concepts that they felt were important additions based on their experience as veteran paramedics and paramedic educators. class="Pa2" strong Results /strong class="Pa2" The resulting amalgamation of concepts identified in each term was then formed into two mnemonics which, together sequentially list approximately 100 specific clinical concepts that paramedics routinely consider in their care of patients. We describe these as the “International Paramedic Primary and Secondary Surveys”. class="Pa2" strong Conclusion /strong class="Pa2" The primary and secondary surveys presented in this paper represent an evidence-based guide to the best practice in conducting a primary and secondary survey in the paramedic context. Findings will be of use to paramedics, paramedic students, and other clinicians working in remote or isolated practices.
Publisher: Hamad bin Khalifa University Press (HBKU Press)
Date: 14-02-2017
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 09-1998
DOI: 10.1016/S0196-0644(98)70017-4
Abstract: Namibia is a sparsely populated nation in southwest Africa. A state-run health service provides care to most of the population. The geography and population distribution dictate the delivery systems for prehospital and emergency care. A state-run ambulance service provides basic patient transportation to the state-run hospitals. There is no 911 system. Two private aeromedical companies in Namibia provide the full range of ground and aeromedical treatment, er rescue, and helicopter and fixed-wing transport services. The scope of care includes cricothyrotomies, chest tubes, and rapid-sequence intubation. Equipment is modern and virtually identical to what is used in the United States. There are no emergency physicians in Namibia. General medical officers are the backbone of the state-run health service. General medical officers assigned to cover the ED are called casualty officers. No specialized training beyond internship is required, and assignments to casualty are viewed as temporary until better positions become available. Only the largest state hospital in the capital has a dedicated, 24-hour emergency staff. The private prehospital care/transport systems are well organized and sophisticated. Formal efforts should be undertaken to develop ties with our colleagues in Namibia. Potential areas for collaboration include injury surveillance and prevention, field trauma resuscitation, and prehospital care.
Publisher: Hamad bin Khalifa University Press (HBKU Press)
Date: 14-02-2017
No related grants have been discovered for Craig Campbell.