ORCID Profile
0000-0003-1943-643X
Current Organisation
Deakin University
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Publisher: Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)
Date: 15-06-2021
Abstract: Previous studies have identified risk factors for different types of treatment of proximal humeral fracture (PHF) and allowed the development of a patient-specific, evidence-based treatment algorithm with the potential of improving overall outcomes and reducing complications. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the results and complications of treating PHF using this algorithmic approach. All patients with isolated PHF between 2014 and 2017 were included and prospectively followed. The initial treatment algorithm (Version 1 [V1]) based on patients’ functional needs, bone quality, and type of fracture was refined after 2 years (Version 2 [V2]). Adherence to protocol, clinical outcomes, and complications were analyzed at a 1-year follow-up. The study included 334 patients (mean age, 66 years 68% female): 226 were treated nonoperatively 65, with open reduction and internal fixation (ORIF) 39, with reverse total shoulder arthroplasty (RTSA) and 4, with hemiarthroplasty. At 1 year, the preinjury EuroQol 5-Dimension (EQ-5D) values were regained (0.88 and 0.89, respectively) and the mean relative Constant Score (CS) and Subjective Shoulder Value (SSV) (and standard deviation [SD]) were 96% ± 21% and 85% ± 16%. Overall complications and revision rates were 19% and 13%. Treatment conforming to the algorithm outperformed non-conforming treatment with respect to relative CS (97% versus 88%, p = 0.016), complication rates (16.3% versus 30.8%, p = 0.014), and revision rates (10.6% versus 26.9%, p 0.001). Treating PHF using a patient-specific, evidence-based algorithm restored preinjury quality of life as measured with the EQ-5D and approximately 90% normal shoulders as measured with the relative CS and the SSV. Adherence to the treatment algorithm was associated with significantly better clinical outcomes and substantially reduced complication and revision rates. Therapeutic Level III . See Instructions for Authors for a complete description of levels of evidence.
Publisher: SAGE Publications
Date: 12-01-2021
Abstract: The current study assessed the effect of the COVID-19 (coronavirus) pandemic on subjective well-being (SWB) and psychological well-being (PWB) and whether the pandemic moderated the effect of personality on well-being. Measures of Big Five personality, SWB (life satisfaction, positive affect, and negative affect), and PWB (positive relations, autonomy, environmental mastery, personal growth, purpose in life, and self-acceptance) were obtained from a s le of young adults in Melbourne, Australia ( n = 1,132 July 13–August 11, 2020) during a second wave of viral transmission and lockdown and an identically recruited pre-COVID s le ( n = 547). Well-being was lower in the COVID s le, and differences were largest for positive affect ( d = −0.48) and negative affect ( d = 0.70). While the effect of personality on well-being was relatively robust, the effect of personality on well-being was slightly reduced, and the effect of extroversion on positive affect was particularly attenuated during the pandemic.
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 19-08-2013
DOI: 10.1111/OBR.12066
Abstract: It is a research priority to identify modifiable risk factors to improve the effectiveness of childhood obesity prevention strategies. Research, however, has largely overlooked the role of child temperament and personality implicated in obesogenic risk factors such as maternal feeding and body mass index (BMI) of preschoolers. A systematic review of relevant literature was conducted to investigate the associations between child temperament, child personality, maternal feeding and BMI and/or weight gain in infants and preschoolers 18 papers were included in the review. The findings revealed an association between the temperament traits of poor self-regulation, distress to limitations, low and high soothability, low negative affectivity and higher BMI in infants and preschool-aged children. Temperament traits difficult, distress to limitations, surgency/extraversion and emotionality were significantly associated with weight gain rates in infants. The results also suggested that child temperament was associated with maternal feeding behaviours that have been shown to influence childhood overweight and obesity, such as using restrictive feeding practices with children perceived as having poor self-regulation and feeding potentially obesogenic food and drinks to infants who are more externalizing. Interestingly, no studies to date have evaluated the association between child personality and BMI/weight gain in infants and preschoolers. There is a clear need for further research into the association of child temperament and obesogenic risk factors in preschool-aged children.
Publisher: Center for Open Science
Date: 17-12-2020
Abstract: Reliance on self-report to measure problematic smartphone use is a limitation of the extant literature. It is unclear whether self- and other-ratings of problematic smartphone use converge and whether correlations between personality and self-reported problematic smartphone use are distorted by common method bias. The current study provides the first comprehensive assessment of self-other agreement of problematic smartphone use and the relationship between personality and other-rated problematic smartphone use in a large s le of young adults. Focal participants (n = 1073) were Australian university students who completed measures of Big Five (IPIP) and HEXACO (HEXACO PI-R) personality, and problematic smartphone use. One or more people who knew the focal participant well (n = 2445) rated the focal participant's problematic smartphone use. People rated their own smartphone use as more problematic than did others. Self- and other-ratings of problematic smartphone use correlated 0.38. The pattern of self-other and other-other correlations indicated that self-ratings were more accurate than other-ratings. The pattern of high neuroticism and low conscientiousness predicting greater problematic smartphone use was observed for both self- and other-ratings. Findings suggest that self-report measures are reasonably valid, problematic smartphone usage is observable, and the relationship between personality and problematic smartphone use is robust.
Publisher: Center for Open Science
Date: 22-09-2023
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 02-2023
Publisher: Human Kinetics
Date: 2023
Abstract: Background : The aim of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of a school-based multicomponent physical activity intervention on mental health of adolescents. Methods : A clustered, randomized, controlled trial was employed in 8 high schools in Dhaka, Bangladesh, which were randomly assigned to either an intervention or control group 40 students in grades 8 and 9 from each school took part in the trial (n = 160/group). Students in the intervention schools participated in a 12-week physical activity intervention with multiple components (eg, supervised circuits, lunchtime sports, health education, infographics), while control schools received no intervention. Participants completed baseline and postintervention surveys measuring depressive symptoms (Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale) and life satisfaction (Cantril Ladder), along with other sociodemographic and behavioral characteristics. Linear mixed-effects modeling was used to evaluate the intervention effects. Results : Depressive symptoms in the intervention group decreased at postintervention, but remained stable in the control group. There was an increase in life satisfaction in the intervention group and a decrease in the control group. Multivariable modeling showed that students in the intervention group had a significantly lower level of depressive symptoms ( β = −4.60 95% confidence interval, −5.76 to −3.46) and higher level of life satisfaction ( β = 1.43 95% confidence interval, 0.77 to 2.10) compared with their counterparts in the control group. Sensitivity analyses supported the positive effects of the intervention. Conclusions : Our school-based, multicomponent physical activity intervention is effective in improving mental health indicators in adolescents. Future trials should be r ed up to include schools in rural and regional settings, using robust measures of mental well-being.
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 09-2015
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 10-2017
Publisher: American Psychological Association (APA)
Date: 04-2020
DOI: 10.1037/BUL0000226
Abstract: This study reports the most comprehensive assessment to date of the relations that the domains and facets of Big Five and HEXACO personality have with self-reported subjective well-being (SWB: life satisfaction, positive affect, and negative affect) and psychological well-being (PWB: positive relations, autonomy, environmental mastery, purpose in life, self-acceptance, and personal growth). It presents a meta-analysis (n = 334,567, k = 462) of the correlations of Big Five and HEXACO personality domains with the dimensions of SWB and PWB. It provides the first meta-analysis of personality and well-being to examine (a) HEXACO personality, (b) PWB dimensions, and (c) a broad range of established Big Five measures. It also provides the first robust synthesis of facet-level correlations and incremental prediction by facets over domains in relation to SWB and PWB using 4 large data sets comprising data from prominent, long-form hierarchical personality frameworks: NEO PI-R (n = 1,673), IPIP-NEO (n = 903), HEXACO PI-R (n = 465), and Big Five Aspect Scales (n = 706). Meta-analytic results highlighted the importance of Big Five neuroticism, extraversion, and conscientiousness. The pattern of correlations between Big Five personality and SWB was similar across personality measures (e.g., BFI, NEO, IPIP, BFAS, Adjectives). In the HEXACO model, extraversion was the strongest well-being correlate. Facet-level analyses provided a richer description of the relationship between personality and well-being, and clarified differences between the two trait frameworks. Prediction by facets was typically around 20% better than domains, and this incremental prediction was larger for some well-being dimensions than others. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2020 APA, all rights reserved).
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 02-11-2022
DOI: 10.1186/S12889-022-14459-0
Abstract: Exploring parental motives for providing smartphones and tablets to young children is important to better understand ways to optimise healthy use of mobile screens in early childhood. To date, no study has qualitatively examined the factors underpinning parental motives of providing mobile screens to young children, using a theoretically driven approach. We conducted 45 in-depth, semi structured online interviews with primary caregivers of toddlers and pre-schoolers from erse family backgrounds who participated in a large online survey in Australia. Themes were generated from the transcribed interviews using template thematic analysis. The coding was completed deductively using the Theory of Planned Behaviour (TPB) and data-driven induction. Participants consistently reported a spectrum of attitudes, subjective norms and perceived behavioural control aspects which drove their decision to provide or not provide a mobile screen device to their child. Five main descriptive themes were generated, guided by the TPB: (1) Convenience, connection, and non-traditional learning experience (2) Negative behavioural consequences and potential activity displacement through mobile screens (3) Influences of society and resources (4) Managing and achieving a balance (5) External challenges. Overall, the findings demonstrated that parents experienced cognitive dissonance between their attitudes and behaviour, primarily from perceived behavioural control and subjective norms negating the influence of attitudes on their motives to provide a device. These insights offer important avenues for public health messaging and resources to better involve and support parents in decision-making relating to mobile screens in everyday lives of young children.
Publisher: Center for Open Science
Date: 31-10-2023
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Date: 07-07-2023
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 09-2021
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Date: 06-2015
DOI: 10.1111/AP.12089
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 09-03-2023
DOI: 10.1111/SPC3.12744
Abstract: This study examined the relationship between personality traits, COVID‐specific beliefs and behaviors, and well‐being during the COVID‐19 pandemic. In July 2020, at the onset of a second major lockdown, Australian adults ( n = 1453) completed measures of Big Five personality, COVID beliefs and behaviors (i.e., belief in a rapid recovery, perceived risk, compliance, change in exercise, and change in interpersonal conflict), subjective well‐being and COVID‐specific well‐being. Personality correlates of COVID‐specific well‐being differed from those with general life satisfaction. The benefits of conscientiousness were elevated whereas the benefits of extraversion and agreeableness were reduced. Neuroticism was related to greater perceived risk from the pandemic, elevated interpersonal conflict during the pandemic, and more pessimistic views about the rate at which society would recover from the pandemic. In contrast, conscientiousness was notably related to greater compliance with directions from public health authorities. While regression models showed that general well‐being was largely explained by personality, COVID factors provided incremental prediction, and this was greatest when predicting COVID‐specific well‐being and lowest for global evaluations of life satisfaction. The observed prediction by beliefs and behaviors on well‐being beyond personality, provides potential opportunities for targeted interventions to support the management of future novel stressors.
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 2022
Publisher: SAGE Publications
Date: 09-2012
Abstract: Communication is inherent to team coordination and performance. Nonlinear time-series measures, such as S le Entropy (SEn), provide the opportunity to examine the temporal structure of team communication. The aim for this experiment was to develop a method for applying SEn to a set of categorically coded and sequential team verbal communications recorded during a dyadic Air Battle Management (ABM) simulation. Results showed that deterministic temporal regularity was detected in team communication for three categorical coding schemes applied to the data – team role, semantic content, and combined. For data coded for semantic content, SEn was able to detect an increase in communication temporal regularity for teams exposed to high workload. Practical and theoretical implications are considered.
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 08-2018
Publisher: Center for Open Science
Date: 10-04-2018
Abstract: Problematic smartphone use can be defined as compulsive use that leads to impaired daily functioning in terms of productivity, social relationships, physical health, or emotional well-being. The current study provides a comprehensive assessment of how the broad and narrow traits of the HEXACO and Five Factor Models of personality predict problematic smartphone use. A s le of Australian adults (n = 393, 79% female mean age = 24.4, SD = 7.1) completed the 300-item IPIP NEO and the 200-item HEXACO-PI-R, along with measures of general and problematic smartphone use. Participants reported high levels of problematic smartphone use. Problematic smartphone use was positively correlated with neuroticism and negatively correlated with conscientiousness. Facet-level analysis highlighted the importance of several facets including impulsiveness, vulnerability, and anxiety as positive correlates and dutifulness, competence, self-discipline, and deliberation as negative correlates of problematic smartphone use. In the HEXACO framework, honesty-humility, agreeableness, conscientiousness, and openness all showed moderate negative correlations with problematic smartphone use, and emotionality was positively correlated with problematic smartphone use. Regression models indicated that narrow traits provide modest incremental prediction of problematic use. Overall, the study highlights the importance of personality traits for understanding predispositions to engage in problematic smartphone use.
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 2023
DOI: 10.1016/J.JAD.2022.09.137
Abstract: High screen use has been adversely linked with mental wellbeing however, little is known about how active versus passive screen time are associated with sleep-onset difficulties among adolescents. We analysed data from 38 European and North American countries that participated in the 2014 Health Behaviour in School-aged Children (HBSC) survey. Difficulties in falling sleep were assessed using a self-reported item with a 5-point Likert scale, and then dichotomised. Participants reported h/day of discretional time spent watching television, electronic gaming, and computer use. Of the 195,668 participants (M Cross-sectional analyses cannot establish causality of the associations. Higher levels of recreational screen use of any type were associated with sleep-onset difficulties among adolescents with adverse effects being more prevalent in active than passive screen time. Prospective research with objective measures is warranted to understand causality of these relationships.
Publisher: Center for Open Science
Date: 13-01-2017
Abstract: Objective: The study aimed to develop a predictive model of how Type D personalityinfluences health behaviors, social support, and symptom severity and assess its generalizability to a range of chronic illnesses. Design: Participants were classified as either healthy (n = 182) or having a chronic illness (n = 207). Participants completed an online survey measuring Type D and a range of health-related variables. Chronic illness participants were classified as having either a functional somatic syndrome (i.e. chronic fatigue syndrome or fibromyalgia), where the underlying pathological processes were unclear, or illnesses such as type 2 diabetes, osteoarthritis, or rheumatoid arthritis, where the causes are well understood. Main Outcome Measures: Outcome measures were health behaviors, social support, and both physical and psychological symptoms. Results: The rate of Type D was higher in chronic illness participants (53%) than in healthy controls (39%). Negative affectivity (NA) and social inhibition (SI) both correlated with outcome measures, although NA was generally the stronger predictor. Using NA and SI as independent subscales led to superior prediction of health outcomes than using categorical or continuous representations. Conclusion: Findings suggest that the relationship between Type D and health outcomes may generalize across different chronic illnesses.
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 08-2019
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Date: 06-04-2016
DOI: 10.1080/08870446.2016.1167209
Abstract: The study aimed to develop a predictive model of how Type D personality influences health behaviours, social support and symptom severity and assess its generalisability to a range of chronic illnesses. Participants were classified as either healthy (n = 182) or having a chronic illness (n = 207). Participants completed an online survey measuring Type D and a range of health-related variables. Chronic illness participants were classified as having either a functional somatic syndrome (i.e. chronic fatigue syndrome or fibromyalgia), where the underlying pathological processes were unclear, or illnesses such as type 2 diabetes, osteoarthritis or rheumatoid arthritis, where the causes are well understood. Outcome measures were health behaviours, social support and both physical and psychological symptoms. The rate of Type D was higher in chronic illness participants (53%) than in healthy controls (39%). Negative affectivity (NA) and social inhibition (SI) both correlated with outcome measures, although NA was generally the stronger predictor. Using NA and SI as independent subscales led to superior prediction of health outcomes than using categorical or continuous representations. Findings suggest that the relationship between Type D and health outcomes may generalise across different chronic illnesses.
Publisher: Center for Open Science
Date: 09-10-2020
Abstract: Emotion regulation has been proposed as a mechanism for the development of problematic smartphone use. In addition to examining the relationship between emotional regulation difficulties and problematic smartphone use, the current study sought to be the first to examine the relationship between subscales of emotion regulation difficulties and problematic smartphone use. It also sought to determine whether emotion regulation difficulties provide incremental prediction of problematic smartphone use over and above personality. Participants were 692 Australian university students (81% female age in years M = 25.23, SD = 7.48). They completed a measure of problematic smartphone use, the Difficulties in Emotion Regulation Scale, and a measure of Big Five personality (IPIP 120). Overall emotion regulation difficulties (r = .40) and impulse control difficulties (r = .42) were moderately associated with problematic smartphone use, as were the Big Five factors of neuroticism (r = .43) and conscientiousness (r = -.38). Although emotion regulation difficulties predicted problematic smartphone use, they did not provide incremental prediction over and above the Big Five. Findings indicate that personality is a robust predictor of problematic smartphone use. Emotion regulation difficulties, such as impulsivity, offer insights into the specific ways that personality is expressed in problematic smartphone use.
Publisher: Center for Open Science
Date: 26-04-2023
Abstract: Background: Today’s youth are growing up in an evolving digital world and concerns about the potential detrimental effects of excessive screen use on biopsychosocial outcomes in childhood are mounting. Parents worry about the impacts of screen-use on their children’s wellbeing, but at the same time frequently fail to meet their own ideal screen-time limits regarding their children’s screen use. There is an opportunity to shift research focus away from inflexible and often unrealistic childhood screen time guidelines towards exploration of positive parenting strategies that may have multiple beneficial and significant effects on children’s screen related outcomes. An emerging body of literature suggests that screen-time and nature exposure act on psychosocial outcomes in contrasting ways. There is evidence to suggest that exposure to natural environments may counteract some of the potential negative psychosocial effects of excessive screen use however this relationship is poorly understood. The overarching aim of this scoping review is to source, categorise, and synthesise existing research exploring the associations between nature exposure, screen use, and parenting across childhood.Methods: This mixed-methods systematic scoping review will be conducted following Arksey and O’Malley’s framework with methodological enhancements from Levac and associates and recommendations from the Joanna Briggs Institute’s methodological guidance for conducting scoping reviews. Five electronic databases will be searched from July 2022 onwards. Two reviewers will independently screen titles, abstracts, and full-text articles. Peer reviewed articles related to the constructs of nature exposure, screen use, and parent/child relations will be considered in the context of early to late childhood. Study characteristics will be collated using a data charting tool collaboratively developed by the research team. Evidence will be synthesised using tabular and narrative form and described using qualitative thematic analysis.Discussion: This review will gather information about how key definitions are conceptualised, defined, and measured across the literature, and map existing trends and areas for future research. It is intended that this review will inform and guide future research direction, recommendations and programs aimed at supporting parents to navigate the challenges of parenting in a digital age.
Publisher: Center for Open Science
Date: 07-03-2019
Abstract: Despite a growing awareness that problematic usage of smartphones is becoming a significant public health issue, there is limited research on how problematic smartphone usage relates to the humanistic concepts of well-being, particularly those captured in Ryff's six psychological well-being dimensions: positive relations, autonomy, emotional mastery, personal growth, purpose in life, self-acceptance. The current study aimed to provide a comprehensive assessment of the relationship between general and problematic smartphone usage and subjective well-being and psychological well-being using long-form, theoretically grounded measures. Australian adults (n = 539, 79% female age in years M = 25.1, SD = 7.8) completed Diener's Satisfaction with Life Scale, the PANAS, and Ryff's 84-item measure of psychological well-being. Results showed that problematic smartphone usage was correlated with lower well-being on almost all scales. In particular, negative affect, autonomy, and environmental mastery had the largest negative correlations with problematic smartphone usage. Given the stable and dispositional nature of well-being, it seems likely that much of the relationship is driven by a common underlying tendency to experience anxiety, negative emotions, and a lack of control, combined with a tendency to engage in maladaptive coping and compulsive behavior. This repository provides data, materials, and data analysis scripts to accompany the manuscript of the same name.
Publisher: Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)
Date: 2021
Abstract: Osteochondral shearing fracture of the humeral head after an anterior shoulder dislocation is a condition that has rarely been reported in literature. We report a case of a large posteriorly located fragment of such a fracture in a 23-year-old man. We performed open reduction and internal fixation with resorbable pins through a deltopectoral approach and subscapularis tenotomy. In our case of a large osteochondral fracture of the posterior humeral head, treatment by open reduction and internal fixation showed an excellent radiographic result at 1 year and clinical result up to 5 years postoperatively.
Publisher: Center for Open Science
Date: 09-06-2017
Abstract: Data, materials, and analysis script to accompany manuscript, and preprint.
Publisher: Center for Open Science
Date: 02-10-2020
Abstract: The current study assessed the effect of the COVID-19 (coronavirus) pandemic on subjective well-being (SWB) and psychological well-being (PWB) and whether the pandemic moderated the effect of personality on well-being. Measures of Big Five personality, SWB (life satisfaction, positive affect, negative affect) and PWB (positive relations, autonomy, environmental mastery, personal growth, purpose in life, self-acceptance) were obtained from a s le of young adults in Melbourne, Australia (n = 1132 13 July to 11 August, 2020) during a second wave of viral transmission and lockdown, and an identically recruited Pre-COVID s le (n = 547). Well-being was lower in the COVID s le and differences were largest for positive affect (d = -0.48) and negative affect (d = 0.70). While the effect of personality on well-being was relatively robust, the effect of personality on well-being was slightly reduced and the effect of extraversion on positive affect was particularly attenuated during the pandemic.
Publisher: American Psychological Association (APA)
Date: 05-2022
DOI: 10.1037/BUL0000373
Publisher: Mary Ann Liebert Inc
Date: 04-2021
Publisher: Center for Open Science
Date: 15-05-2021
Abstract: Researchers and practitioners have long been concerned about detrimental effects of socially desirable responding on the structure and criterion validity of personality assessments. The current research examined the effect of reducing evaluative item content of a Big Five personality assessment on test structure and criterion validity. We developed a new public domain measure of the Big Five called the Less Evaluative Five Factor Inventory (LEFFI), adapted from the standard 50-item IPIP NEO, and intended to be less evaluative. Participants (n = 3164) then completed standard (IPIP) and neutralized (LEFFI) measures of personality. Criteria were also collected, including academic grades, age, sex, smoking, alcohol consumption, exercise, protesting, religious worship, music preferences, dental hygiene, blood donation, other-rated communication styles, other-rated HEXACO personality, and cognitive ability (ICAR). Evaluativeness of items was reduced in the neutralized measure. Cronbach's alpha and test-retest reliability were maintained. Correlations between the Big Five were reduced in the neutralized measure and criterion validity was similar or slightly reduced in the neutralized measure. The large s le size and use of objective criteria extend past research. The study also contributes to debates about whether the general factor of personality and agreement with socially desirable content reflect substance or bias.
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 28-03-2022
DOI: 10.1111/IJSA.12382
Abstract: This study examined the effect of job applicant faking on the validity of personality assessments, including self‐other correlations, criterion validity, and cognitive ability correlates. By using a large s le, multiple other‐raters, a repeated‐measures design, and a realistic simulated job application, it sought to provide the most precise estimates to date of the effect of the applicant context on self‐other correlations, as well as the influence of cognitive ability on faking. Undergraduate psychology students ( n = 584) completed a measure of Big Five personality (i.e., International Personality Item Pool NEO) in both a low‐stakes and a simulated job applicant context. Participants completed measures of intelligence (i.e., International Cognitive Ability Resource) and personality‐relevant objective criteria (e.g., university grades), and had an average of 3 other raters rate their personality ( n = 1831). Responses to the Big Five scales were more socially desirable in the applicant context (average d = 0.58), with notable decreases in reported Neuroticism and increases in Conscientiousness, Agreeableness, and Extraversion. Average self‐other correlations declined by 24% from .59 in the low‐stakes to .45 in the applicant context. Cognitive ability was positively correlated with magnitude of faking. In the applicant context, criterion validities declined minimally. Results suggest response distortion by job applicants results in modest reductions in the accuracy and criterion validity of personality assessments.
Publisher: SAGE Publications
Date: 14-05-2021
DOI: 10.1177/08902070211012920
Abstract: Researchers and practitioners have long been concerned about detrimental effects of socially desirable responding on the structure and criterion validity of personality assessments. The current research examined the effect of reducing evaluative item content of a Big Five personality assessment on test structure and criterion validity. We developed a new public domain measure of the Big Five called the Less Evaluative Five Factor Inventory (LEFFI), adapted from the standard 50-item IPIP NEO, and intended to be less evaluative. Participants ( n = 3164) then completed standard (IPIP) and neutralized (LEFFI) measures of personality. Criteria were also collected, including academic grades, age, sex, smoking, alcohol consumption, exercise, protesting, religious worship, music preferences, dental hygiene, blood donation, other-rated communication styles, other-rated HEXACO personality, and cognitive ability (ICAR). Evaluativeness of items was reduced in the neutralized measure. Cronbach's alpha and test-retest reliability were maintained. Correlations between the Big Five were reduced in the neutralized measure and criterion validity was similar or slightly reduced in the neutralized measure. The large s le size and use of objective criteria extend past research. The study also contributes to debates about whether the general factor of personality and agreement with socially desirable content reflect substance or bias.
Publisher: Center for Open Science
Date: 04-11-2022
Abstract: This study provides a comprehensive assessment of the associations of personality and intelligence. It presents a meta-analysis (N = 162,636, k = 272) of domain, facet, and item-level correlations between personality and intelligence (general, fluid, and crystallized) for the major Big Five and HEXACO hierarchical frameworks of personality: NEO PI-R, Big Five Aspect Scales (BFAS), BFI-2, and HEXACO PI R. It provides the first meta-analysis of personality and intelligence to comprehensively examine (a) facet-level correlations for these hierarchical frameworks of personality, (b) item-level correlations, (c) domain- and facet-level predictive models. Age and sex differences in personality and intelligence, and study-level moderators, are also examined. The study was complemented by four of our own unpublished datasets (N = 26,813) which were used to assess the ability of item-level models to provide generalizable prediction. Results showed that openness (ρ = .20) and neuroticism (ρ = -.09) were the strongest Big Five correlates of intelligence and that openness correlated more with crystallized than fluid intelligence. At the facet-level, traits related to intellectual engagement and unconventionality were more strongly related to intelligence than other openness facets, and sociability and orderliness were negatively correlated with intelligence. Facets of gregariousness and excitement seeking had stronger negative correlations, and openness to aesthetics, feelings, and values had stronger positive correlations with crystallized than fluid intelligence. Facets explained more than twice the variance of domains. Overall, the results provide the most nuanced and robust evidence to date of the relationship between personality and intelligence.
Publisher: Center for Open Science
Date: 19-01-2022
Abstract: The current study provides the first systematic review and meta-analysis of the associations of smartphone and tablet use with psychosocial, cognitive, and sleep-related factors in early childhood development. The meta-analysis aimed to provide an overall assessment of the evidence while the systematic review offered a rich overview of the methodological approaches adopted to assess these associations. Studies were included in the review if they examined the association of smartphone or tablet use with a measure of psychosocial development, cognitive development, or sleep in toddlers or preschoolers. Out of 1050 articles that were initially identified, 26 studies were included in the final s le of the systematic review, of which 19 were included in the meta-analysis. Data were screened, extracted, and synthesized according to PRISMA guidelines. A random-effects meta-analysis of correlations found a significant yet weak association of increased smartphone and tablet use with poorer overall child developmental factors. Additionally, a similar but stronger association was found between parental perceptions of problematic device use and poorer overall child factors. Meta-correlations with device use were significant for sleep, but not for psychosocial and cognitive factors. Overall, the results suggest that longitudinal cohort and experimental investigations would elucidate more causal relationships of child factors with smartphone and tablet use. Employing multiple methods of screen-use assessment, and considering the multiple levels of proximal and distal influences on child smartphone and tablet use, would also be useful. Adopting more rigorous research practices in the future, will facilitate deeper insights into the potential developmental implications of smartphone and tablet use in early childhood.
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 24-02-2022
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 03-2014
DOI: 10.1016/J.APPET.2013.12.006
Abstract: Research has previously identified relationships between child temperament and BMI during childhood. However, few studies have addressed the broader implications of child temperament on the development of obesogenic risk factors, such as maternal feeding, child eating and body mass index (BMI) of pre-schoolers. Hence, the current study evaluated cross-sectional and prospective associations between child temperament, maternal feeding, maternal parenting styles, mother-child interaction, preschoolers' eating behaviours and BMI. Child irritability, cooperation-manageability and easy-difficult temperaments, mother-child dysfunctional interaction, maternal pressure to eat and restriction were significantly cross-sectionally associated with child eating behaviours. Child enjoyment of food was significantly associated with child BMI. Child easy-difficult temperament and mother-child dysfunctional interaction predicted child eating behaviours longitudinally and baseline child BMI measures predicted child BMI longitudinally. Average maternal ratings of child temperament were relatively neutral, potentially explaining why most associations were not robust longitudinally. Future research should include a s le of greater socio-economic and BMI ersity as well as objective measures of child temperament, diet composition, maternal feeding practices, and mother-child interaction.
Publisher: Center for Open Science
Date: 05-2021
Abstract: This study utilized data from a nationally representative s le of Australian adults (n =1164 50.7% female age M = 44.9 years, SD = 16.3) to examine the relationships between age, technology concerns, self-rated and objective amount of smartphone use, and problematic smartphone use. Participants completed measures of problematic smartphone use and technology concern, while amount of smartphone use was self-rated and objectively measured using smartphone screen time reporting tools (Screen Time for iOS and Digital Wellbeing for Android). Amount of self-rated and objective smartphone use declined linearly with age. In contrast, problematic smartphone use was relatively high and stable in young adults before rapidly declining around age 40. People were reasonably good at estimating their amount of smartphone use (r = .73), although they did tend to underestimate usage. Technology concern was high across all ages, but unrelated to amount of usage and problematic smartphone usage. Age related differences are interpreted in terms of a combination of developmental and generational changes. Results also suggest that amount of use is an important but not complete cause of problematic smartphone use.
Publisher: Center for Open Science
Date: 14-12-2019
Abstract: Post-print of manuscript published in Psychological Bulletin: This study reports the most comprehensive assessment to date of the relations that the domains and facets of Big Five and HEXACO personality have with self-reported subjective well- being (SWB: life satisfaction, positive affect, and negative affect) and psychological well-being (PWB: positive relations, autonomy, environmental mastery, purpose in life, self-acceptance, and personal growth). It presents a meta-analysis (n = 334,567, k = 462) of the correlations of Big Five and HEXACO personality domains with the dimensions of SWB and PWB. It provides the first meta-analysis of personality and well-being to examine (a) HEXACO personality, (b) PWB dimensions, and (c) a broad range of established Big Five measures. It also provides the first robust synthesis of facet-level correlations and incremental prediction by facets over domains in relation to SWB and PWB using four large datasets comprising data from prominent, long-form hierarchical personality frameworks: NEO PI-R (n = 1,673), IPIP-NEO (n = 903), HEXACO PI- R (n = 465), and Big Five Aspect Scales (n = 706). Meta-analytic results highlighted the importance of Big Five neuroticism, extraversion, and conscientiousness. The pattern of correlations between Big Five personality and SWB was similar across personality measures (e.g., BFI, NEO, IPIP, BFAS, Adjectives). In the HEXACO model, extraversion was the strongest well- being correlate. Facet-level analyses provided a richer description of the relationship between personality and well-being, and clarified differences between the two trait frameworks. Prediction by facets was typically around 20% better than domains, and this incremental prediction was larger for some well-being dimensions than others. See osf.io/42rsy/ for Data and R scripts for the meta-analysis and facet-level data analyses of the above paper.
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 03-2021
No related grants have been discovered for Sharon Horwood.