ORCID Profile
0000-0002-0542-3446
Current Organisation
Murdoch University
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Research Topics
In Research Link Australia (RLA), "Research Topics" refer to ANZSRC FOR and SEO codes. These topics are either sourced from ANZSRC FOR and SEO codes listed in researchers' related grants or generated by a large language model (LLM) based on their publications.
Top 5 Research Topics
ANZSRC Field of Research (FoR)
Environmental Science and Management | Evolutionary Biology | Fisheries Sciences not elsewhere classified | Medical Biochemistry and Metabolomics not elsewhere classified | Cancer Cell Biology | Wildlife And Habitat Management | Forensic Chemistry | Plant Cell and Molecular Biology | Host-Parasite Interactions | Medical Biochemistry and Metabolomics | Veterinary Parasitology | Crop and Pasture Biochemistry and Physiology | Infectious Agents | Conservation and Biodiversity | Medical Biochemistry: Lipids | Conservation And Biodiversity |
ANZSRC Socio-Economic Objective (SEO)
Control of Animal Pests, Diseases and Exotic Species in Forest and Woodlands Environments | Ecosystem Assessment and Management of Forest and Woodlands Environments | Inherited Diseases (incl. Gene Therapy) | Neurodegenerative Disorders Related to Ageing | Living resources (flora and fauna) | Winter Grains and Oilseeds not elsewhere classified | Cancer and Related Disorders | Expanding Knowledge in the Biological Sciences | Forest and Woodlands Flora, Fauna and Biodiversity
Related Links
Publications
Eimeria spp. infecting quenda (Isoodon obesulus) in the greater Perth region, Western Australia
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 11-2016
DOI: 10.1016/J.EXPPARA.2016.09.012
Abstract: Parasites of wildlife inhabiting urbanised and peri-urban environments are of interest regarding wildlife population health, and also veterinary public health in the case of parasites that can also infect humans and domestic animals. This study aimed to: identify, and estimate the prevalence of, species of Eimeria parasitic in quenda (Isoodon obesulus) in the greater Perth region, Western Australia 2) morphologically describe and genetically characterise a novel observed species of Eimeria as E. angustus and 3) genetically characterise E. kanyana. Eimeria spp. prevalence was 76.1% (95% CI 64.9-84.5%), and four putative species of Eimeria were identified. Eimeria kanyana was identified infecting quenda for the first time, with a prevalence of 54.9% (43.4-66.0%). Eimeria quenda was less prevalent, at 7.0% (3.1-15.5%). The novel species E. angustus was present in 45.1% of s led quenda (34.0-56.6%). A second novel morphotype of Eimeria was present in 2.8% of s led quenda (0.9-9.7%). Mixed Eimeria spp. infections were present in 21/71 quenda (29.6%, 95% CI 20.2-41.1%). Molecular phylogenetic analyses of E. kanyana and E. angustus were conducted at the 18S rRNA and mitochondrial cytochrome oxidase loci. At both loci, two isolates identified as E. kanyana grouped in a phylogenetic clade with E. trichosuri. Five isolates identified as the novel E. angustus were most closely related to E. tropidura at the 18S locus. At the COI locus, no sequence data were available for E. tropidura isolates of E. angustus grouped with E. sciurorum.
Giardia in Western Australian wildlife
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 06-2010
DOI: 10.1016/J.VETPAR.2010.02.012
Abstract: Giardia has been found in numerous species of mammalian wildlife but very little information is available on the species and strains/genotypes that occur naturally in mammals in the wild. Recently, a novel genotype of Giardia was described in Western Australia, in the Southern brown bandicoot, or quenda (Isoodon obesulus). In order to determine the host range, distribution and prevalence of this novel 'quenda' 'genotype of Giardia, a comprehensive survey of this marsupial and cohabiting mammalian species was undertaken throughout the mainland and some off-shore islands of Western Australia, including urban areas. The overall prevalence of Giardia in 351 wildlife s les was low, with only 4.8% (17) s les testing positive. Amongst the 51 quenda s les, 11.8% (6) were positive for the 'quenda' genotype, 5.9% (3) for assemblage C/D and 2% (1) for assemblages A and E. This study has demonstrated that Giardia is a remarkably rare parasite in native wildlife in Western Australia, raising questions about the ecology of Giardia infections in wildlife.
Growth Behavior and Fatty Acid Production of Probiotics, Pediococcus acidilactici and Lactococcus lactis, at Different Concentrations of Fructooligosaccharide: Studies Validating Clinical Efficacy of
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 06-09-2018
DOI: 10.1007/S12602-018-9462-3
Abstract: Growth behavior and production of short-chain fatty acid (SCFA) of two probiotics, Pediococcus acidilactici and Lactococcus lactis, each at 10
Comment on the status of Echinococcus granulosus in the UK
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 11-1989
DOI: 10.1016/0169-4758(89)90114-2
Abstract: Echinococcus granulosus is composed of a complex of strains, the status of which has caused controversy and doubt. All have different characteristics which have arisen from animal husbandry practices, resulting in isolation and restriction of gene flow, and/or from the reproductive characteristics of the organisms. Whatever the mechanism for strain variation, Don McManus, Alan Lymbery and Andrew Thompson have no doubts that distinct variants occur in spite of a recent publication that suggests there is only one form of E. granulosus in the UK.
Additional novel Cryptosporidium genotypes in ornamental fishes
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 12-2012
DOI: 10.1016/J.VETPAR.2012.06.036
Abstract: Current knowledge on the prevalence and genotypes of Cryptosporidium in fishes is still limited. This study investigated the prevalence of Cryptosporidium species in 171 ornamental fishes, belonging to 33 species, collected from 8 commercial aquariums around Perth, Western Australia. All s les were screened by nested PCR targeting the 18S rRNA locus. A total of 6 positives were identified by PCR at the 18S locus from 4 different species of fishes (red eye tetra, Moenkhausia sanctaefilomenae gold gourami, Trichogaster trichopterus neon tetra, Paracheirodon innesi goldfish, Carassius auratus auratus), giving an overall prevalence of 3.5% (6/171). Four different genotypes were identified, only one of which has been previously reported in fish piscine genotype 4 in a neon tetra isolate, a rat genotype III-like isolate in a goldfish, a novel genotype in three isolates from red eye (piscine genotype 7) which exhibited a 3.5% genetic distance from piscine genotype 1 and a piscine genotype 6-like from a gold gourami (1% genetic distance). Further biological and genetic characterisation is required to determine the relationship of these genotypes to established species and strains of Cryptosporidium.
Co-invaders: The effects of alien parasites on native hosts
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 08-2014
Sequence variation among populations of sawfish (Pristiformes: Pristidae) from Indonesia and Australia
Publisher: UNS Solo
Date: 15-04-2017
Abstract: Katili AS, Retnowati Y. 2017. Short Communication: Isolation of Actinomycetes from mangrove ecosystem in Torosiaje, Gorontalo, Indonesia. Bio ersitas 18: 826-833. Actinomycetes is a group of positive gram microorganism known to produce secondary metabolic compounds that work as antibiotics, anti-fungus, anti-virus, anti-cancer, and other important enzymes for the industry. This research aimed at discovering the potentials of Actinomycetes of the mangrove ecosystem in Torosiaje, Gorontalo, Indonesia. It focused on finding out the ersity of Actinomycetes at mangrove ecosystem in Torosiaje. Hence, various types of Actinomycetes that have potentials to create secondary metabolic compounds/bioactive compounds for industrial purposes can be found. This purpose can only be attained through isolation of actinomycetes. This isolation was conducted through characterization of morphological characteristics of the colony and the spore, molecular characterization through isolation of DNA genome of the actinomycetes, lification of 16S rRNA through PCR, sequencing, and reconstruction of the phylogenetic tree. We were able to obtain the actinomycetes isolate from the sediment in rhizosphere area of Ceriops tagal, Bruguiera gymnorrhiza, Xylocarpus sp, Rhizophora apiculata, Avicennia sp, and Sonneratia alba species of mangrove. Each isolated actinomycetes has specific morphological characteristics. The density of isolated actinomycetes in Torosiaje mangrove area was very low with an average of 1 x 105 CFU gram-1 in each sediment.
Validation of various parasite detection tests for use in the Australian marsupials quenda (Isoodon obesulus) and brushtail possums (Trichosurus vulpecula)
Publisher: SAGE Publications
Date: 08-12-2017
Abstract: We aimed to validate the use of 1) the modified agglutination test and a polymerase chain reaction (PCR) protocol in detecting Toxoplasma gondii infection in quenda ( Isoodon obesulus) and brushtail possums ( Trichosurus vulpecula) 2) immunofluorescence microscopy of feces and a PCR and sequencing protocol in detecting Giardia spp. infection in quenda and 3) a fecal flotation protocol in detecting gastrointestinal helminth infections of quenda. Quenda and brushtail possum carcasses, and s les from trapped quenda, were tested with 2 parasite detection tests per parasite, and results were modeled using Bayesian latent class analysis to estimate test sensitivity and specificity. The modified agglutination test and the PCR protocol were highly specific at detecting T. gondii infections in quenda and brushtail possums (≥93%) however, data were insufficient to assess sensitivity with adequate precision. Immunofluorescence microscopy and the PCR and sequencing protocol were both highly specific at detecting Giardia spp. in quenda (≥96%), but the PCR and sequencing protocol was relatively insensitive (69%, 95% credible interval [CrI]: 60–77%) compared to the highly sensitive immunofluorescence microscopy (98%, 95% CrI: 93–99%). The fecal flotation protocol was generally highly specific in the detection of gastrointestinal helminth infections (≥94%, with the exception of Trichuris spp. (88%, 95% CrI: 71–99%). The fecal flotation protocol was moderately to highly sensitive (≥74%) in the detection of strongyles, Labiobulura spp., Linstowinema spp., and Trichuris spp. Sensitivity was poor for detection of the cestode genus Potorolepis (36%, 95% CrI: 14–67%).
Is Toxoplasma gondii a threat to the conservation of free-ranging Australian marsupial populations?
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 04-2016
Haematozoa of wild catfishes in northern Australia
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 04-2018
Molecular epidemiology of Giardia duodenalis in an endangered carnivore - The African painted dog
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 12-2010
DOI: 10.1016/J.VETPAR.2010.08.034
Abstract: The African painted dog (Lycaon pictus) is an endangered carnivore of sub-Saharan Africa. To assist in conservation efforts a parasitological survey was conducted on wild and captive populations. Faecal s les were collected and examined for the presence of parasites using traditional microscopy techniques. The protozoan Giardia duodenalis was identified at a prevalence of approximately 26% in the wild populations and 62% in the captive population. Molecular characterisation of these isolates using three loci, 18S rRNA, β-giardin and the glutamate dehydrogenase gene revealed the zoonotic assemblages A and B existed in high proportions in both populations. The dog assemblages C and D were rarely observed. The identification of the zoonotic genotype suggests this species has the potential to act as a reservoir for human infections. Zoonotic transmission may be possible in captive populations due to the close interaction with humans however, in wild populations anthropozoonotic transmission seems more likely. This study is the first to observe G. duodenalis in the African painted dog and to identify a possible emerging disease in this wild carnivore.
Microsatellite analysis of genetic diversity in wild and farmed emus (Dromaius novaehollandiae)
Publisher: Oxford University Press (OUP)
Date: 09-2002
Abstract: The emu (Dromaius novaehollandiae) occupies most regions of the Australian continent and in recent times has been farmed for meat, oil, and leather. Very little is known about the genetic structure of natural or farmed populations of these birds. We report a preliminary study of genetic variation in emus undertaken by typing birds from five farms and two natural populations at five polymorphic microsatellite loci. Genetic ersity was high for all populations and there was little evidence of inbreeding, with most populations conforming to Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium for most loci. Significant heterozygote deficiencies at one locus in a number of populations were detected and may indicate the presence of null alleles. Comparisons of allele frequencies showed little evidence of genetic differentiation either among farmed populations or between farmed and natural populations.
First detection ofEdwardsiella ictaluri(Proteobacteria: Enterobacteriaceae) in wild Australian catfish
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 24-08-2018
DOI: 10.1111/JFD.12696
Abstract: The bacterium Edwardsiella ictaluri is considered to be one of the most significant pathogens of farmed catfish in the United States of America and has also caused mortalities in farmed and wild fishes in many other parts of the world. E. ictaluri is not believed to be present in wild fish populations in Australia, although it has previously been detected in imported ornamental fishes held in quarantine facilities. In an attempt to confirm freedom from the bacterium in Australian native fishes, we undertook a risk-based survey of wild catfishes from 15 sites across northern Australia. E. ictaluri was detected by selective culturing, followed by DNA testing, in Wet Tropics tandan (Tandanus tropicanus) from the Tully River, at a prevalence of 0.40 (95% CI 0.21-0.61). The bacterium was not found in fishes s led from any of the other 14 sites. This is the first report of E. ictaluri in wild fishes in Australia.
Echinococcus multilocularis not yet in Australia
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 10-1986
Discovery of a host fish for glochidia of Velesunio angasi (Sowerby, 1867) (Bivalvia:Unionoida:Hyriidae) from the Fortescue River, Pilbara, Western Australia
Publisher: CSIRO Publishing
Date: 2010
DOI: 10.1071/ZO10055
Abstract: Freshwater fishes are the most common hosts of the glochidia (parasitic larvae) of freshwater mussels (Bivalvia: Unionoida: Unionoidea). Velesunio angasi (Sowerby, 1867) (Hyriidae), is the only known hyriid species recorded from the Fortescue River in the Pilbara region of Western Australia. Eleven species of fish (n = 516) were captured from pools of the Fortescue River in June 2010. Small, white, bladder-like cysts were observed on Neosilurus hyrtlii Steindachner, 1867, though not on any of the remaining 10 species examined. Light microscopy of sectioned cysts revealed that they contained glochidia that were of similar size and shape to those of V. angasi. Glochidia were found on 73.2% of 168 N. hyrtlii examined, with a mean intensity of 3.3 cysts per infested fish. Prevalence was significantly greater on smaller fish (P 0.01) however, no relationship between size and intensity of infestation was observed. This represents the first record of glochidia infestation on fish from the Pilbara region.
Effects of manganese on juvenile mulloway (Argyrosomus japonicus) cultured in water with varying salinity-Implications for inland mariculture
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 05-2009
Identification of novel and zoonotic Cryptosporidium species in fish from Papua New Guinea
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 11-2013
DOI: 10.1016/J.VETPAR.2013.08.031
Abstract: There is still limited information on the distribution of Cryptosporidium species and genotypes in fish. The present study investigated the prevalence of Cryptosporidium species in cultured freshwater (n=132), wild freshwater (n=206) and wild marine (n=276) fish in Papua New Guinea (PNG) by PCR screening at the 18S rRNA locus. A total of seven fish (2 cultured freshwater, 1 wild freshwater and 4 wild marine fish) were identified as positive for Cryptosporidium. Specifically, Cryptosporidium was found in four different host species (Nile tilapia, Oreochromis niloticus silver barb, Puntius gonionotus mackerel scad, Decapterus maracellus and oblong silver biddy, Gerres oblongus), giving an overall prevalence of 1.14% (95% CI: 0.3-2%, n=7/614). Of the seven positive isolates, five were identified as C. parvum and two were a novel piscine genotype, which we have named piscine genotype 8. Piscine genotype 8 was identified in two marine oblong silver biddies and exhibited 4.3% genetic distance from piscine genotype 3 at the 18S locus. Further subtyping of C. parvum isolates at the 60 kDa glycoprotein (gp60) locus identified 3 C. parvum subtypes (IIaA14G2R1, IIaA15G2R1 and IIaA19G4R1) all of which are zoonotic and a C. hominis subtype (IdA15G1). The zoonotic Cryptosporidium were identified in fish s les from all three groups cultured and wild freshwater and wild marine fish. Detection of Cryptosporidium among aquaculture fingerlings warrants further research to gain a better understanding of the epidemiology of Cryptosporidium infection in cultured fish. The identification of zoonotic Cryptosporidium genotypes in fish from PNG has important public health implications and should be investigated further.
Efficacy of a subsurface-flow wetland using the estuarine sedge Juncus kraussii to treat effluent from inland saline aquaculture
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 2006
Further contribution to giardiasis debate
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 05-1989
The Nature, Extent and Significance of Variation within the Genus Echinococcus
Publisher: Elsevier
Date: 1988
DOI: 10.1016/S0065-308X(08)60356-5
Abstract: Recurrent apnea with intermittent hypoxia is a major clinical problem in preterm infants. Recent studies, although limited, showed that adults who were born preterm exhibit increased incidence of sleep-disordered breathing and hypertension, suggesting that apnea of prematurity predisposes to autonomic dysfunction in adulthood. Here, we demonstrate that adult rats that were exposed to intermittent hypoxia as neonates exhibit exaggerated responses to hypoxia by the carotid body and adrenal chromaffin cells, which regulate cardio-respiratory function, resulting in irregular breathing with apneas and hypertension. The enhanced hypoxic sensitivity was associated with elevated oxidative stress, decreased expression of genes encoding antioxidant enzymes, and increased expression of pro-oxidant enzymes. Decreased expression of the Sod2 gene, which encodes the antioxidant enzyme superoxide dismutase 2, was associated with DNA hypermethylation of a single CpG dinucleotide close to the transcription start site. Treating neonatal rats with decitabine, an inhibitor of DNA methylation, during intermittent hypoxia exposure prevented oxidative stress, enhanced hypoxic sensitivity, and autonomic dysfunction. These findings implicate a hitherto uncharacterized role for DNA methylation in mediating neonatal programming of hypoxic sensitivity and the ensuing autonomic dysfunction in adulthood.
The molecular epidemiology of parasite infections: Tools and applications
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 02-2012
DOI: 10.1016/J.MOLBIOPARA.2011.10.006
Abstract: Molecular epidemiology, broadly defined, is the application of molecular genetic techniques to the dynamics of disease in a population. In this review, we briefly describe molecular and analytical tools available for molecular epidemiological studies and then provide an overview of how they can be applied to better understand parasitic disease. A range of new molecular tools have been developed in recent years, allowing for the direct examination of parasites from clinical or environmental s les, and providing access to relatively cheap, rapid, high throughput molecular assays. At the same time, new analytical approaches, in particular those derived from coalescent theory, have been developed to provide more robust estimates of evolutionary processes and demographic parameters from multilocus, genotypic data. To date, the primary application of molecular epidemiology has been to provide specific and sensitive identification of parasites and to resolve taxonomic issues, particularly at the species level and below. Population genetic studies have also been used to determine the extent of genetic ersity among populations of parasites and the degree to which this ersity is associated with different host cycles or epidemiologically important phenotypes. Many of these studies have also shed new light on transmission cycles of parasites, particularly the extent to which zoonotic transmission occurs, and on the prevalence and importance of mixed infections with different parasite species or intraspecific variants (polyparasitism). A major challenge, and one which is now being addressed by an increasing number of studies, is to find and utilize genetic markers for complex traits of epidemiological significance, such as drug resistance, zoonotic potential and virulence.
Burrowing behavior protects a threatened freshwater mussel in drying rivers
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 25-04-2021
Trypanosome co-infections increase in a declining marsupial population
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 08-2018
Rethinking refuges: Implications of climate change for dam busting
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 05-2017
Implications of climate change for potamodromous fishes
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 12-04-2014
DOI: 10.1111/GCB.12444
Abstract: There is little understanding of how climate change will impact potamodromous freshwater fishes. Since the mid 1970s, a decline in annual rainfall in south-western Australia (a globally recognized bio ersity hotspot) has resulted in the rivers of the region undergoing severe reductions in surface flows (ca. 50%). There is universal agreement amongst Global Climate Models that rainfall will continue to decline in this region. Limited data are available on the movement patterns of the endemic freshwater fishes of south-western Australia or on the relationship between their life histories and hydrology. We used this region as a model to determine how dramatic hydrological change may impact potamodromous freshwater fishes. Migration patterns of fishes in the largest river in south-western Australia were quantified over a 4 year period and were related to a number of key environmental variables including discharge, temperature, pH, conductivity and dissolved oxygen. Most of the endemic freshwater fishes were potamodromous, displaying lateral seasonal spawning migrations from the main channel into tributaries, and there were significant temporal differences in movement patterns between species. Using a model averaging approach, amount of discharge was clearly the best predictor of upstream and downstream movement for most species. Given past and projected reductions in surface flow and groundwater, the findings have major implications for future recruitment rates and population viabilities of potamodromous fishes. Freshwater ecosystems in drying climatic regions can only be managed effectively if such hydro-ecological relationships are considered. Proactive management and addressing existing anthropogenic stressors on aquatic ecosystems associated with the development of surface and groundwater resources and land use is required to increase the resistance and resilience of potamodromous fishes to ongoing flow reductions.
What are the prospects for black bream Acanthopagrus butcheri (Munro) aquaculture in salt-affected inland Australia?
Publisher: Hindawi Limited
Date: 10-2005
Genetic relationships between isolates of Serpulina (Treponema) hyodysenteriae, and comparison of methods for their subspecific differentiation
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 1993
DOI: 10.1016/0378-1135(93)90005-R
Abstract: Multilocus enzyme electrophoresis (MEE) was used to examine the extent of genetic ersity amongst 98 isolates of Serpulina (Treponema) hyodysenteriae. The species contained four major genetic isions (A, B, C and D) and 29 electrophoretic types (ETs). Division D was relatively distinct, being separated from the other three isions by fixed allelic differences at an average of 6.6 of 15 enzyme loci. Electrophoretic differences were compared with results of DNA restriction endonuclease analysis (REA) and serological typing of the isolates. Most isolates with the same or similar REA banding patterns shared the same or similar ETs. This demonstrated that both techniques could be used as sensitive and specific methods of identifying closely related isolates. However, using MEE analysis, some isolates that had quite different REA patterns were found to be genetically closely related. Therefore ET designations had an advantage over REA patterns in that they were readily quantifiable as a means of estimating genetic relatedness between isolates. Most isolates that were genetically similar to each other were of the same serological group, but some antigenic types were widely distributed across the genetic isions.
Genetic diversity of five indonesian native cattle breeds at microsatellite loci
Publisher: Science Alert
Date: 15-02-2015
Experimental herbivory of native Australian macrophytes by the introduced Mozambique tilapia Oreochromis mossambicus
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 21-01-2010
Genetic covariation in production traits of sub-adult black bream Acanthopagrus butcheri after grow-out
Publisher: Hindawi Limited
Date: 08-2005
Fish-borne parasitic zoonoses: Status and issues
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 10-2005
DOI: 10.1016/J.IJPARA.2005.07.013
Abstract: The fish-borne parasitic zoonoses have been limited for the most part to populations living in low- and middle-income countries, but the geographical limits and populations at risk are expanding because of growing international markets, improved transportation systems, and demographic changes such as population movements. While many in developed countries will recognize meat-borne zoonoses such as trichinellosis and cysticercosis, far fewer are acquainted with the fish-borne parasitic zoonoses which are mostly helminthic diseases caused by trematodes, cestodes and nematodes. Yet these zoonoses are responsible for large numbers of human infections around the world. The list of potential fish-borne parasitic zoonoses is quite large. However, in this review, emphasis has been placed on liver fluke diseases such as clonorchiasis, opisthorchiasis and metorchiasis, as well as on intestinal trematodiasis (the heterophyids and echinostomes), anisakiasis (due to Anisakis simplex larvae), and diphyllobothriasis. The life cycles, distributions, epidemiology, clinical aspects, and, importantly, the research needed for improved risk assessments, clinical management and prevention and control of these important parasitic diseases are reviewed.
Identification of Anisakis species (Nematoda: Anisakidae) in marine fish hosts from Papua New Guinea
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 03-2013
DOI: 10.1016/J.VETPAR.2012.12.008
Abstract: The third-stage larvae of several genera of anisakid nematodes are important etiological agents for zoonotic human anisakiasis. The present study investigated the prevalence of potentially zoonotic anisakid larvae in fish collected on the coastal shelves off Madang and Rabaul in Papua New Guinea (PNG) where fish represents a major component of the diet. Nematodes were found in seven fish species including Decapterus macarellus, Gerres oblongus, Pinjalo lewisi, Pinjalo pinjalo, Selar crumenophthalmus, Scomberomorus maculatus and Thunnus albacares. They were identified by both light and scanning electron microscopy as Anisakis Type I larvae. Sequencing and phylogenetic analysis of the ribosomal internal transcribed spacer (ITS) and the mitochondrial cytochrome C oxidase subunit II (cox2) gene identified all nematodes as Anisakis typica. This study represents the first in-depth characterisation of Anisakis larvae from seven new fish hosts in PNG. The overall prevalence of larvae was low (7.6%) and no recognised zoonotic Anisakis species were identified, suggesting a very low threat of anisakiasis in PNG.
Let's not forget the thinkers
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 12-2013
Abstract: As 'omics' technologies become more accessible, enormous quantities of data are being generated about the genomes, proteomes, metabolomes, etc. of an increasing number of parasites. We therefore need to think very carefully about how these resources will contribute to our basic understanding of parasitism, and beyond the 'knee-jerk' outcomes of new vaccines and therapeutics. The lasting legacy of the 'omics' era may lie in addressing the fundamental biological hypotheses generated by parasitologists 40-50 years ago when direct observational studies were a feature of parasitological research. We illustrate this with reference to the cestode parasite Echinococcus and the far-reaching questions posed by Desmond Smyth.
Western Australian Marsupials Are Multiply Infected with Genetically Diverse Strains of Toxoplasma gondii
Publisher: Public Library of Science (PLoS)
Date: 24-09-2012
Comparative studies on the growth dynamics of two genetically distinct isolates of Giardia duodenalis in vitro
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 04-1992
DOI: 10.1016/0020-7519(92)90101-P
Abstract: The in vitro growth behaviour of the intestinal protozoan Giardia duodenalis was studied in detail and comparisons were made between two genetically and biologically distinct cloned isolates. Replicates of each clone were grown at six different initial cell concentrations and in culture media at four different pH values. Significant differences in in vitro growth were found between the two isolates, BAH12 and P1. BAH12 had a specific narrow pH requirement, with satisfactory growth only obtained at pH 6. The mean generation time of BAH12 at pH 6 between days 1 and 3 was 10.8 h, compared to an average of 6 h for the same period for P1, both at pH 6 and pH 7. Comparative health of cultures was assessed during both the pH and growth experiments using a suite of six variables. Consistent changes in the health of cultures over time were found to reflect growth behaviour over time. These results provide the first detailed evidence that genetically different isolates of Giardia may differ in such fundamental biological parameters as growth rate and pH requirements. These differences may have important epidemiological and taxonomic implications.
Genetic variants of Giardia duodenalis differ in their metabolism
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 1992
DOI: 10.1007/BF00931528
Abstract: A detailed descriptive study was done on broiler chickens with abnormal livers found at processing. Two syndromes were evident: those birds with enlarged, pale, firm livers, designated hepatosis, with Clostridium perfringens type A often isolated and ascitic birds with cobblestone-appearing livers. Livers with hepatosis had marked proliferation of bile ducts ascitic livers had normal architecture. Hearts from birds with ascites had elevated right ventricular/total ventricular weight ratios, whereas hearts from normal birds and birds with hepatosis did not. Two isolates of C. perfringens produced necrotic enteritis in experimental birds an attempt to reproduce hepatosis with these isolates was unsuccessful.
Response to Nakao et al. – is Echinococcus intermedius a valid species?
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 08-2015
DNA probes for characterizing Echinococcus strains
Publisher: Oxford University Press (OUP)
Date: 1987
DOI: 10.1016/0035-9203(87)90192-1
Abstract: White matter integrity has been found to be compromised in adult alcoholics, but it is unclear when in the course of alcohol exposure white matter abnormalities become apparent. This study assessed microstructural white matter integrity among adolescent binge drinkers with no history of an alcohol use disorder. We used diffusion tensor imaging to examine fractional anisotropy (FA), a measure of directional coherence of white matter tracts, among teens with (n = 14) and without (n = 14) histories of binge drinking but no history of alcohol use disorder, matched on age, gender, and education. Binge drinkers had lower FA than controls in 18 white matter areas (clusters > or =27 contiguous voxels, each with p < 0.01) throughout the brain, including the corpus callosum, superior longitudinal fasciculus, corona radiata, internal and external capsules, and commissural, limbic, brainstem, and cortical projection fibers, while exhibiting no areas of higher FA. Among binge drinkers, lower FA in 6 of these regions was linked to significantly greater lifetime hangover symptoms and/or higher estimated peak blood alcohol concentrations. Binge drinking adolescents demonstrated widespread reductions of FA in major white matter pathways. Although preliminary, these results could indicate that infrequent exposure to large doses of alcohol during youth may compromise white matter fiber coherence.
Identification of a novel species of Eimeria Schneider, 1875 from the woylie, Bettongia penicillata Gray (Diprotodontia: Potoroidae) and the genetic characterisation of three Eimeria spp. from other p
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 22-07-2019
DOI: 10.1007/S11230-019-09870-Y
Abstract: Faecal s les (n = 1,093) collected from the woylie Bettongia penicillata Gray, in south-western Australia were examined for the presence of coccidian parasites. Eimeria sp. oöcysts were detected in 15.2% of s les. Faecal s les obtained from the eastern bettong Bettongia gaimardi (Desmarest) (n = 4) and long-nosed potoroo Potorous tridactylus (Kerr) (n = 12) in Tasmania, were also screened for the presence of Eimeria spp. (prevalence 50% and 41.7%, respectively). Morphological and genetic comparison with other known species of Eimeria indicates that the material identified in woylies is novel. This study aimed to (i) morphologically describe and genetically characterise Eimeria woyliei n. sp. found in woylies and (ii) genetically characterise Eimeria gaimardi Barker, O'Callaghan & Beveridge, 1988, Eimeria potoroi Barker, O'Callaghan & Beveridge, 1988, and Eimeria mundayi Barker, O'Callaghan & Beveridge, 1988, from other potoroid marsupials. Molecular phylogenetic analyses conducted at the 18S rDNA and mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase subunit 1 (cox1) loci revealed that E. woyliei n. sp. was most closely related to Eimeria setonicis Barker, O'Callaghan & Beveridge, 1988, at the 18S rDNA locus, and Eimeria trichosuri O'Callaghan & O'Donoghue, 2001, at the cox1 locus. Eimeria woyliei n. sp. is the sixth species of Eimeria to be formally described from potoroid marsupials.
Echinococcus canadensis, E. borealis, and E. intermedius. What's in a name?
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 2015
Abstract: The phylogenetic relationships of the G6, G7, G8, and G10 genotypes of Echinococcus granulosus are well defined, but their taxonomic status is currently unresolved. We apply an evolutionary species concept to infer that the G6 and G7 genotypes represent a single species that is different to both the G8 and G10 genotypes, and that the G8 and G10 genotypes are also on different evolutionary trajectories and, therefore, should be regarded as separate species. The names Echinococcus intermedius, Echinococcus canadensis, and Echinococcus borealis have been previously proposed for these three taxa (G6/7, G10 and G8, respectively) and we argue that it may be appropriate to resurrect these names. The correct delimitation and formal recognition of species of Echinococcus may have important veterinary and public health consequences.
Differences in antigen expression within and between 10 isolates of Giardia duodenalis
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 08-1993
DOI: 10.1016/0001-706X(93)90057-I
Abstract: In this study indirect immunofluorescence was performed on both live and fixed trophozoites to determine the level of variability in surface antigen expression between 14 Giardia duodenalis isolates, using a monoclonal antibody raised against the Portland 1 isolate (ATCC No. 30888). Subsets of antigen positive cells were detected in 13 isolates ranging in number from < 1% to 50% of the total population. The differences in antigen expression between 10 uncloned isolates did not correlate with genetic differences determined using isoenzyme analysis. Examination of four clones of the Portland 1 isolate showed that all of the progeny expressed surface antigen at significantly different levels to the parent.
The environmental control of colouration in a bushcricket, Mygalopsis marki Bailey (Orthoptera: Tettigoniidae)
Publisher: Oxford University Press (OUP)
Date: 1992
Evaluating the Effects of Ivermectin Treatment on Communities of Gastrointestinal Parasites in Translocated Woylies (Bettongia penicillata)
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 30-12-2015
DOI: 10.1007/S10393-015-1088-2
Abstract: Wildlife species are often treated with anti-parasitic drugs prior to translocation, despite the effects of this treatment being relatively unknown. Disruption of normal host-parasite relationships is inevitable during translocation, and targeted anti-parasitic drug treatment may exacerbate this phenomenon with inadvertent impacts on both target and non-target parasite species. Here, we investigate the effects of ivermectin treatment on communities of gastrointestinal parasites in translocated woylies (Bettongia penicillata). Faecal s les were collected at three time points (at the time of translocation, and 1 and 3 months post-translocation) and examined for nematode eggs and coccidian oocysts. Parasite prevalence and (for nematodes) abundance were estimated in both treated and untreated hosts. In our study, a single subcutaneous injection of ivermectin significantly reduced Strongyloides-like egg counts 1 month post-translocation. Strongyle egg counts and coccidia prevalence were not reduced by ivermectin treatment, but were strongly influenced by site. Likewise, month of s ling rather than ivermectin treatment positively influenced body condition in woylies post-translocation. Our results demonstrate the efficacy of ivermectin in temporarily reducing Strongyloides-like nematode abundance in woylies. We also highlight the possibility that translocation-induced changes to host density may influence coinfecting parasite abundance and host body condition post-translocation.
Freshwater mussels in Mediterranean‐climate regions: Species richness, conservation status, threats, and Conservation Actions Needed
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 10-01-2021
DOI: 10.1002/AQC.3511
Points in question genetic diversity in Echinococcus granulosus-a reply to McManus
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 04-1991
Factors influencing the development and carbohydrate metabolism of Echinococcus granulosus in dogs
Publisher: JSTOR
Date: 10-1998
DOI: 10.2307/3284612
Using dietary additives to improve palatability of diets containing single‐cell protein from methanotrophic bacteria in yellowtail kingfish ( Seriola lalandi ) diets
Publisher: Hindawi Limited
Date: 07-07-2022
DOI: 10.1111/ARE.15986
Anisakid nematodes and anisakiasis
Publisher: Springer US
Date: 2007
Host specificity, host range and host preference
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 09-1989
Anthelmintic herbal extracts as potential prophylactics or treatments for monogenean infections in cultured yellowtail kingfish (Seriola lalandi)
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 04-2020
The geographic distribution of hydatid infection in cattle in Western Australia Western Australia
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 11-1995
DOI: 10.1111/J.1751-0813.1995.TB06197.X
Abstract: Expectation-based theories of sentence processing posit that processing difficulty is determined by predictability in context. While predictability quantified
Population structure and genetic diversity of Trichomonas vaginalis clinical isolates in Australia and Ghana
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 08-2020
Fortran programs for analyzing population structure from multilocus genotypic data
Publisher: Oxford University Press (OUP)
Date: 07-1994
Living on burrowed time: Aestivating fishes in south-western Australia face extinction due to climate change
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 03-2016
Finding genetic markers for complex phenotypic traits in parasites
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 1996
DOI: 10.1016/0020-7519(95)00109-3
Abstract: The identification, mapping and eventual cloning of genes which determine or influence important epidemiological traits in parasites can have great benefits for the control of parasitic disease. In this review, strategies are outlined for identifying genetic markers for complex, quantitative traits. A genetic marker is a variable DNA sequence which co-occurs with a variable quantitative trait. Candidate markers are chosen because they are thought to directly influence the trait whereas random markers are expected to be linked to another DNA sequence which influences the trait. Association studies compare the value of a quantitative trait between different marker genotype classes in a population, without regard to family structure. Linkage studies compare the value of a quantitative trait between marker genotype classes within families or within a population (usually derived from a cross between inbred lines) which is segregating for both marker and quantitative trait loci. The most commonly used analytical methods for determining the significance of association or linkage between marker and quantitative trait loci, and for estimating parameters such as recombination rate and quantitative gene action, are least-squares and maximum likelihood. Both methods may be used to test either single markers or the interval between flanking markers, and both suffer from the need to minimize type I and type II error rates with multiple tests.
Integrative transcriptomic profiling reveals the key pathways in the regulation mechanism of fish intestine-spleen immunity during the bacterial challenges
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 04-2023
Altered parasite community structure in an endangered marsupial following translocation
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 12-2019
Genetic variation in the growth traits of straight-bred and crossbred black bream (Acanthopagrus butcheri Munro) at 90 days of age
Publisher: Hindawi Limited
Date: 11-2003
Genetic characterization of isolates of Giardia duodenalis by enzyme electrophoresis: Implications for reproductive biology, population structure, taxonomy, and epidemiology
Publisher: JSTOR
Date: 06-1995
DOI: 10.2307/3283818
Conservation of parasites: A primer
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 08-2023
Genetic differences between cysts of Echinococcus granulosus from the same host
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 12-1989
DOI: 10.1016/0020-7519(89)90129-X
Abstract: Isozyme differences were found between protoscoleces derived from different cysts in three sheep and three macropod marsupials. Isozymes were interpreted as the products of different alleles at corresponding enzyme loci, indicating that the same host may contain cysts derived from genetically different embryos. Genetic variation on this scale may cause confusion in epidemiological studies, if protoscoleces from several cysts are pooled prior to strain-typing.
Next generation sequencing reveals widespread trypanosome diversity and polyparasitism in marsupials from Western Australia
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 04-2018
Echinococcus: Biology and strain variation
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 07-1990
DOI: 10.1016/0020-7519(90)90193-Q
Abstract: Biology and strain variation in the causative agent of hydatid disease is reviewed with emphasis on developmental and genetic aspects. In vitro cultivation experiments have made a significant contribution to current knowledge of the developmental plasticity of Echinococcus. However, the mechanisms which regulate and determine developmental strategies in the parasite, as well as the characteristics, source and cytodifferentiation of germinal cells, are not understood. The nature, significance and origin of strain variation in Echinococcus are examined. Before we can fully appreciate the phenotypic consequences of genetic differentiation between populations, we need to know something about the genetic and environmental components of variation in traits such as development rate, host preference, host specificity, virulence and drug resistance. There is an urgent need for research on the developmental pathways by which genetic differences within and between strains of E. granulosus are translated to phenotypic differences in these traits.
The effect of salinity on the requirement for potassium by barramundi (Lates calcarifer) in saline groundwater
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 06-2008
Genetics in the aquaculture industry
Publisher: Hindawi Limited
Date: 2000
Observations on the health of Tandanus tropicanus (Teleostei: Plotosidae) from an Australian River system
Publisher: Royal Zoological Society of New South Wales
Date: 2016
DOI: 10.7882/AZ.2015.030
Anthropozoonotic significance, risk factors and spatial distribution of Giardia spp. infections in quenda (Isoodon obesulus) in the greater Perth region, Western Australia
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 08-2019
Conservation, Behavior, Parasites and Invasive Species ☆
Publisher: Elsevier
Date: 2017
The diversity, distribution and host-parasite associations of trypanosomes in Western Australian wildlife
Publisher: Cambridge University Press (CUP)
Date: 07-08-2009
DOI: 10.1017/S0031182009990801
Abstract: Little is known regarding the ersity, distribution or host-parasite associations of Trypanosoma spp. in Australian wildlife. Here we report on an investigation based on ergence of the 18S rRNA gene of trypanosomes isolated from a range of hosts and varied geographical locations. A total of 371 in iduals representing 19 species of native animals from 14 different locations were screened. In total, 32 in iduals from 9 different species tested positive for the parasite. Phylogenetic analysis revealed considerable parasite ersity with no clear geographical distribution and no evidence of host specificity. In general, it appears that Australian Trypanosoma spp. are widespread, with several genotypes appearing in multiple host species and in varied locations including both mainland areas and offshore islands. Some host species were found to be susceptible to multiple genotypes, but no in iduals were infected with more than a single isolate.
Potential environmental impacts from farming rainbow trout using inland saline water in Western Australia
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Date: 2003
Genetic Structure of theBovicola ovis(Mallophaga: Trichodectidae) in Southwestern Australia
Publisher: Oxford University Press (OUP)
Date: 08-1999
DOI: 10.1093/EE/28.4.675
Freshwater tributaries provide refuge and recolonization opportunities for mussels following salinity reversal
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 09-2019
DOI: 10.1016/J.SCITOTENV.2019.05.286
Abstract: Reversing the effects of secondary salinization, and its impacts on aquatic bio ersity, is a growing global challenge, and particularly prevalent in Mediterranean-climate regions. Remnant freshwater tributaries in salinized landscapes provide significant bio ersity values, including discrete areas of refuge, dilution of salinized reaches, and potential source populations for recolonisation. The importance of these areas for aquatic fauna is widely accepted but rarely evaluated in the field. This study explored how spatial distribution of southwestern Australia's only freshwater mussel species, Westralunio carteri, has responded to the ongoing salinity trend in the Kent River catchment. Our results showed that salinity in the river has begun to reverse following improved catchment management, and also detected the first evidence of an associated recovery of the freshwater mussel population. Mussels in the mainstem were limited to sites around and downstream of a permanently flowing freshwater tributary, suggesting that dilution from this source provides a refuge in the lower reach. At two of those sites, all in iduals were <15 years of age, indicative of recolonisation coinciding with salinity reversal around the turn of the century. Interestingly, mussels clearly persisted in other parts of the lower reach throughout the peak salinity period, when salinities regularly exceeded laboratory derived toxicity thresholds for the species. Mussels were not found in the majority of the mainstem or in highly acidic parts of the freshwater tributaries. The presence of old shells at those sites shows that the species was once widespread, and that the current distribution probably reflects a contraction due to historical salinization as well as acidification. Overall, our results show that the W. carteri population in the catchment has taken a first step towards recovery, and highlights the importance of freshwater tributaries in providing both refuge from disturbance and a source of new recruits.
Genetic diversity of Cryptosporidium in fish at the 18S and actin loci and high levels of mixed infections
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 12-2015
DOI: 10.1016/J.VETPAR.2015.10.013
Abstract: Cryptosporidium is an enteric parasite that infects humans and a wide range of animals. Relatively little is known about the epidemiology and taxonomy of Cryptosporidium in fish. In the present study, a total of 775 fish, belonging to 46 species and comprising ornamental fish, marine fish and freshwater fish were screened for the prevalence of Cryptosporidium by PCR. The overall prevalence of Cryptosporidium in fish was 5.3% (41/775), with prevalences ranging from 1.5 to 100% within in idual host species. Phylogenetic analysis of these Cryptosporidium isolates as well as 14 isolates from previous studies indicated extensive genetic ersity as well as evidence for mixed infections. At the 18S locus the following species were identified Cryptosporidium molnari-like genotype (n=14), Cryptosporidium huwi (n=8), piscine genotype 2 (n=4), piscine genotype 3-like (n=1), piscine genotype 4 (n=2), piscine genotype 5 (n=13), piscine genotype 5-like (n=1) and five novel genotypes (n=5). At the actin locus, species identification agreed with the 18S locus for only 52.3% of isolates sequenced, indicating high levels of mixed infections. Future studies will need to employ both morphological characterization and deep sequencing licon-based technologies to better understand the epidemiological and phylogenetic relationships of piscine-derived Cryptosporidium species and genotypes, particularly when mixed infections are detected.
Finfish mariculture in Inland Australia
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 22-05-2008
Parasites, emerging disease and wildlife conservation
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 08-2010
DOI: 10.1016/J.IJPARA.2010.04.009
Abstract: In this review some emerging issues of parasite infections in wildlife, particularly in Australia, are considered. We discuss the importance of understanding parasite bio ersity in wildlife in terms of conservation, the role of wildlife as reservoirs of parasite infection, and the role of parasites within the broader context of the ecosystem. Using a number of parasite species, the value of undertaking longitudinal surveillance in natural systems using non-invasive s ling and molecular tools to characterise infectious agents is illustrated in terms of wildlife health, parasite bio ersity and ecology.
First evidence of spawning migration by goldfish (Carassius auratus); implications for control of a globally invasive species
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 12-08-2017
DOI: 10.1111/EFF.12288
Adaptive host manipulation by Toxoplasma gondii: fact or fiction?
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 04-2013
Abstract: It is widely accepted that behavioural changes induced by Toxoplasma gondii are an adaptation of the parasite to enhance transmission to its cat definitive host. In our opinion, this explanation requires a rethink. We argue that the experimental evidence that observed behavioural changes will enhance transmission to cats is not convincing. We also argue that cats and sexual reproduction may not be essential for transmission and maintenance of this parasite. Thus, the selection pressure to infect a cat may not be sufficiently strong for the evolution of adaptive host manipulation to have occurred in order to enhance predation by cats.
Infection levels of gastrointestinal parasites in sheep and goats in Papua New Guinea
Publisher: Cambridge University Press (CUP)
Date: 11-10-2013
DOI: 10.1017/S0022149X12000594
Abstract: Gastrointestinal parasites of livestock cause diseases of important socio-economic concern worldwide. The present study investigated the prevalence of gastrointestinal parasites in sheep and goats in lowland and highland regions of Papua New Guinea (PNG). Faecal s les were collected from a total of 165 small ruminants (110 sheep and 55 goats) from February to April 2011. Analysis by a modified McMaster technique revealed that 128 animals (72% of sheep and 89% of goats) were infected with one or more species of gastrointestinal parasites. The gastrointestinal parasites found and their prevalences in sheep (S) and in goats (G) were as follows: strongyle 67.3% (S), 85.5% (G) Eimeria 17.3% (S), 16.4% (G) Strongyloides , 8.2% (S), 23.6% (G) Fasciola , 5.5% (S), 18.2% (G) Trichuris , 1.8% (S), 3.6% (G) and Nematodirus , 1.8% (S), 3.6% (G). Two additional genera were found in goats: Moniezia (9.1%) and Dictocaulus (3.6%). This is the first study to quantitatively examine the prevalence of gastrointestinal parasites in goats in PNG. The high rates of parasitism observed in the present study are likely to be associated with poor farming management practices, including lack of pasture recovery time, lack of parasite control measures and poor-quality feed.
Parasites of native and exotic freshwater fishes in south-western Australia
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 13-04-2010
DOI: 10.1111/J.1095-8649.2010.02615.X
Abstract: In this study, 1429 fishes of 18 different species (12 native and six exotic) were s led from 29 localities to compare the levels of parasitism between native and exotic fish species and to examine the relationship between environmental degradation and parasite ersity. Forty-four putative species of parasites were found and most of these appear to be native parasites, which have not previously been described. Two parasite species, Lernaea cyprinacea and Ligula intestinalis, are probably introduced. Both were found on or in a range of native fish species, where they may cause severe disease. Levels of parasitism and parasite ersity were significantly greater in native fishes than in exotic species, and this may contribute to an enhanced demographic performance and competitive ability in invading exotics. Levels of parasitism and parasite ersity in native fishes were negatively related to habitat disturbance, in particular to a suite of factors that indicate increased human use of the river and surrounding environment. This was due principally to the absence in more disturbed habitats of a number of species of endoparasites with complex life cycles, involving transmission between different host species.
A new species of Dermoergasilus Ho & Do, 1982 (Copepoda: Ergasilidae) from freshwater fishes in the south-west of Western Australia
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 04-09-2009
DOI: 10.1007/S11230-009-9217-3
Abstract: A new species of Dermoergasilus Ho & Do, 1982 is described from freshwater fish hosts in the south west of Western Australia. D. occidentalis n. sp. differs from previously described species in the genus principally by the armature of the legs. The new species was found on the gills of the freshwater cobbler Tandanus bostocki Whitely and western minnow Galaxias occidentalis Ogilby in two different river systems.
Urban environments alter parasite fauna, weight and reproductive activity in the quenda ( Isoodon obesulus )
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 12-2017
DOI: 10.1016/J.SCITOTENV.2017.07.086
Abstract: Some wildlife species are capable of surviving in urbanised environments. However, the implications of urbanisation on wildlife health, and public health regarding zoonoses, are often unknown. Quenda (syn. southern brown bandicoots, Isoodon obesulus) survive in many areas of Perth, Australia, despite urbanisation. This study investigated differences in gastrointestinal and macroscopic ecto-parasitic infections, morphometrics and reproductive status between bushland and urban dwelling quenda. 287 quenda in the greater Perth region were captured and s led for faeces (to detect gastrointestinal parasites), blood (to detect Toxoplasma gondii antibodies), ectoparasites, and morphometrics. Data were analysed using multivariable logistic and linear regression. Most parasitic infections identified in quenda were of native parasite taxa that are either not known to, or considered highly unlikely to, infect humans or domestic animals. However, stickfast fleas (Echidnophaga spp.) were present at low prevalences and intensities, and Giardia spp., Cryptosporidium spp. and Amblyomma spp. infections require further investigation to clarify their anthropozoonotic significance. Quenda captured in urbanised environments had differing odds of or intensity of certain parasitic infections, compared to those in bushland - likely attributable to quenda population density, and in some cases the availability of other host species or anthropogenic sources of infection. Urbanised environments were associated with an increase in net weight of adult male quenda by 189.0g (95% CI 68.6-309.5g p=0.002 adjusted R
Visible implant fluorescent elastomer tags as pedigree markers for applied aquaculture
Publisher: Hindawi Limited
Date: 16-06-2003
Giardiasis a zoonosis in Australia?
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 07-1988
Trichomonas vaginalis infection in southern Ghana: clinical signs associated with the infection
Publisher: Oxford University Press (OUP)
Date: 16-04-2019
Abstract: Trichomonas vaginalis is the causative agent for the most prevalent non-viral sexually transmitted infection (STI) among women of child-bearing age. In Ghana, although the infection is prevalent, there is a dearth of data on the risk factors and symptoms associated with T. vaginalis infection. This study was conducted on 492 women visiting gynaecological and STI clinics in the Volta Region (VR) and Greater Accra Region (GAR) in southern Ghana. Wet mount microscopy and polymerase chain reaction (PCR) were used to diagnose T. vaginalis infection. Infection prevalence was 13.2% and 18.1% by WMM and PCR, respectively. Diagnosis by PCR was significantly more sensitive (McNemar's test, p=0.0003). The regional prevalence of T. vaginalis infection by PCR was 21.7% in the VR and 12.8% in the GAR. There was a significant difference in prevalence between the two regions (Fisher's exact test, p=0.02). T. vaginalis infection was associated with vaginal itch (odds ratio [OR]=1.71, p=0.04) and a history of engaging in oral sex (OR 1.90, p=0.04). A high prevalence of T. vaginalis infection was recorded among women visiting gynaecological and STI clinics in southern Ghana. There was no consistent association of infection with any recorded clinical signs and no clear risk factors for infection were identified.
The role of companion animals in the emergence of parasitic zoonoses
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 11-2000
DOI: 10.1016/S0020-7519(00)00134-X
Abstract: Pets offer in iduals and the community significant benefits, however cognisance must be taken of the potential for transmission of infectious agents from these animals to humans. The prevalence of many parasites, such as Giardia and Cryptosporidium, has increased over the past few decades while others, such as Toxocara and Ancylostoma, have decreased. These changes could be real, associated with the ready availability of efficacious anthelmintic products or could be artificial due to the type of surveys conducted, the animals surveyed and the diagnostic tests used. Immunocompromised people, in particular, must be aware of the potential risk of acquiring parasitic infections from their pets. However, with the adoption of good hygiene and a thorough knowledge of the transmission of these parasites, immunocompromised people should be able to continue to enjoy the significant benefits of pet ownership. As many owners are not aware of the zoonotic parasites that could be carried by their pets or their mode of transmission, it is concluded that veterinarians need to play a greater role in the education of their clients.
Reevaluating the Evidence for Toxoplasma gondii-Induced Behavioural Changes in Rodents
Publisher: Elsevier
Date: 2014
A contribution to the etiology of racemose cysticercosis
Publisher: JSTOR
Date: 08-1990
DOI: 10.2307/3282852
Interbreeding, monophyly and the genetic yardstick: Species concepts in parasites
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 06-1992
DOI: 10.1016/0169-4758(92)90266-5
Abstract: The biological species concept defines species on the criterion of interbreeding. This may not be applicable to many parasites that are capable of self-fertilization and asexual reproduction. In this review, Alan Lymbery explores alternative concepts that may be applied to recognize species in such groups, using the cestode genus Echinococcus as an ex le. Two conclusions can be drawn. First, that the applicability of the biological species concept should not be dismissed without some knowledge o f the frequency of interbreeding in natural populations. Second, that where interbreeding is absent or rare, species should be delimited on the basis o f both monophyletic origin and genetic distinctness.
Indicators of genetic variation for feed conversion efficiency in black bream
Publisher: Hindawi Limited
Date: 11-2004
Regurgitation as a possible anti-predator defensive mechanism in the grasshopper Goniaea sp. acrididae, Orthoptera)
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 07-1980
A new microbothriid monogenean Dermopristis pterophilus n. sp. from the skin of the Critically Endangered green sawfish Pristis zijsron Bleeker, 1851 (Batoidea: Pristidae) in Western Australia
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 04-2022
Giardia - From molecules to disease and beyond
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 1993
Cryptosporidium species in sheep and goats from Papua New Guinea
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 06-2014
DOI: 10.1016/J.EXPPARA.2014.03.021
Abstract: Species of Cryptosporidium are extensively recognised as pathogens of domesticated livestock and poultry, companion animals, wildlife, and are a threat to public health. Little is known of the prevalence of Cryptosporidium spp. in humans, domesticated animals or wildlife in Papua New Guinea (PNG). The aim of the present study was to screen sheep and goats for Cryptosporidium using molecular tools. A total of 504 faecal s les were collected from sheep (n=276) and goats (n=228) in village, government and institutional farms in PNG. S les were screened by nested PCR and genotyped at the 18S rRNA and at the 60kDa glycoprotein (gp60) loci. The overall prevalences were 2.2% for sheep (6/278) and 4.4% (10/228) for goats. The species/genotypes identified were Cryptosporidium hominis (subtype IdA15G1) in goats (n=6), Cryptosporidium parvum (subtypes IIaA15G2R1and IIaA19G4R1) in sheep (n=4) and in goats (n=2), Cryptosporidium andersoni (n=1) and Cryptosporidium scrofarum (n=1) in sheep, Cryptosporidium xiao (n=1) and Cryptosporidium rat genotype II (n=1) in goats. This is the first report of Cryptosporidium spp. identified in sheep and goats in PNG. Identification of Cryptosporidium in livestock warrants better care of farm animals to avoid contamination and illness in vulnerable population. The detection of zoonotic Cryptosporidium in livestock suggests these animals may serve as reservoirs for human infection.
Adjuvant effects of medicinal herbs and probiotics for fish vaccines
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 17-10-2018
DOI: 10.1111/RAQ.12295
Form and function: size of radular teeth and inorganic content of faeces in a guild of grazing molluscs at Rottnest Island, Western Australia
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 09-1988
Erratum: Giardia - From molecules to disease and beyond (Parasitology Today 9, (1993) (313-315))
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 11-1993
Medicinal plants as a source of antiparasitics: an overview of experimental studies
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Date: 20-02-2023
A high prevalence of Toxoplasma in Australian chickens
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 09-2013
DOI: 10.1016/J.VETPAR.2013.01.009
Abstract: A small survey was undertaken of commercially reared free-range chickens in Western Australia using serology and molecular detection. Eighteen out of 20 serum s les showed antibody responses with titers of 1:64 in 5 chickens and ≥ 1:128 in 13 chickens. DNA extracted from 22 out of 50 tissue s les, 10 brains and 12 spleens, were positive by nested PCR, and sequencing at the B1 locus on DNA from 3 brain and 3 spleen s les confirmed that 2 isolates were Toxoplasma gondii, Type I, and 4 Type II/III. The high prevalence of Toxoplasma infection found in commercial, free-range chickens raises public health issues with respect to both exposure in the workplace, during carcass processing, and subsequent transmission during food handling and/or consumption as food. The results of this study emphasize the need for more data on the incidence of Toxoplasma infection in domestic animals and humans in Australia.
Trypanosomes in a declining species of threatened Australian marsupial, the brush-tailed bettong Bettongia penicillata (Marsupialia: Potoroidae)
Publisher: Cambridge University Press (CUP)
Date: 28-08-2008
DOI: 10.1017/S0031182008004824
Abstract: The brush-tailed bettong ( Bettongia penicillata ), or woylie, is a medium-sized macropod marsupial that has undergone a rapid and substantial decline throughout its home range in the Upper Warren region of Western Australia over a period of approximately 5 years. As part of an investigation into possible causes of the decline a morphologically distinct Trypanosoma sp. was discovered by light microscopy in the declining population but was absent in a stable population within the Karakamia Wildlife Sanctuary. Further investigations employing molecular methods targeting variations in the 18s rRNA gene determined that the trypanosome was novel and was also present within the Karakamia population albeit at a much lower overall prevalence and in idual parasitaemia levels. Phylogenetic analysis suggests the novel Trypanosoma sp. to be closely related to other trypanosomes isolated from native Australian wildlife species. Although it appears unlikely that the parasite is solely responsible for the decline in woylie population size, it may (singularly or in conjunction with other infectious agents) predispose woylies to increased mortality.
Trypanosomes genetic diversity, polyparasitism and the population decline of the critically endangered Australian marsupial, the brush tailed bettong or woylie (Bettongia penicillata)
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 12-2013
Abstract Book
Publisher: American Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene
Date: 10-2018
Genetic diversity of Australian isolates of Photobacterium damselae subsp. damselae is associated with virulence to yellowtail kingfish (Seriola lalandi)
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 05-2021
Genetic diversity and genetic differentiation in Echinococcus granulosus (Batsch, 1786) from domestic and sylvatic hosts on the mainland of Australia
Publisher: Cambridge University Press (CUP)
Date: 10-1990
DOI: 10.1017/S0031182000063344
Abstract: Enzyme electrophoresis was used to examine genetic variation within and between populations of Echinococcus granulosus from domestic and sylvatic hosts in western and eastern Australia. Substantial genetic ersity was found within all populations. There was no evidence, however, of genetic differentiation between populations from different hosts or geographic areas. When isolates were grouped into previously described domestic or sylvatic strains on the basis of rostellar hook morphology, most (94%) of the genetic variation occurred within, rather than between strains. These results conflict with the currently accepted theory of separate domestic and sylvatic strains of E. granulosus on the mainland of Australia.
A review of the Acanthocephala parasitising freshwater fishes in Australia
Publisher: Cambridge University Press (CUP)
Date: 25-09-2018
DOI: 10.1017/S0031182017001627
Abstract: The acanthocephalan fauna of Australian freshwater fishes was documented from field surveys, a literature survey and examination of specimens registered in Australian museums. From the 4030 fishes, representing 78 of the 354 Australian freshwater fish species (22%), examined for infection seven species of acanthocephalan were recovered. These species comprised five endemic species, three in endemic genera, two species in cosmopolitan genera, one species not fully identified and 1 putative exotic species recovered from eight species of fish. Of these Edmonsacanthus blairi from Melanotaenia splendida, was the only acanthocephalan found at a relatively high prevalence of 38·6%. These findings are indicative of a highly endemic and possibly depauperate acanthocephalan fauna. Species richness was higher in the tropical regions than the temperate regions of the country. Exotic acanthocephalan species have either not been introduced with their exotic hosts or have been unable to establish their life cycles in Australian conditions. Consequently, acanthocephalans have not yet invaded endemic Australian fish hosts.
The hidden consequences of altering host-parasite relationships during fauna translocations
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 04-2018
Further evidence for the occurrence of a distinct strain of Echinococcus granulosus in European pigs
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 1993
DOI: 10.1007/BF00931216
Environmental and product quality in finfish aquaculture development: An example from inland Western Australia
Publisher: Hindawi Limited
Date: 08-1999
Salinity tolerances of endemic freshwater fishes of south-western Australia: implications for conservation in a biodiversity hotspot
Publisher: CSIRO Publishing
Date: 2011
DOI: 10.1071/MF10100
Abstract: Secondary salinisation represents an important threat to terrestrial and aquatic habitats throughout the world. In south-western Australia, widespread salinisation of waterways has caused large range reductions in the highly endemic freshwater fish fauna. We hypothesised that differences in the distributions of three fish species within the salinised Blackwood River would be related to their salinity tolerances. Galaxias occidentalis was widespread throughout the catchment, whereas Nannoperca vittata was restricted to the main channel and freshwater tributaries of the lower catchment, and Nannatherina balstoni was restricted to those tributaries and a perennial section of the main channel that received a considerable amount of fresh groundwater. Acute salinity tolerances (Effect Concentrations) of G. occidentalis and N. vittata were similar (EC50 ∼14.6 g L–1), but significantly greater than that of N. balstoni (EC50 ∼8.2 g L–1). The greater geographical range of G. occidentalis, compared with N. vittata, may be a consequence of the dispersal capability of the former species, and the lower salinity tolerance of N. balstoni contributes to its highly restricted range. The findings demonstrate that secondary salinisation has greatly impacted these freshwater fishes, and fresh groundwater refuges, predicted to decrease due to reduced rainfall, appear crucial in maintaining remnant populations.
Genusbacillus, promising probiotics in aquaculture: Aquatic animal origin, bio-active components, bioremediation and efficacy in fish and shellfish
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Date: 07-04-2019
Evidence for multiple refugia and hotspots of genetic diversity for Westralunio carteri , a threatened freshwater mussel in south‐western Australia
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 03-02-2022
DOI: 10.1002/AQC.3780
Abstract: Intraspecific genetic ersity provides the evolutionary potential to adapt to changing environments and ‘hotspots’ of high intraspecific ersity are recognized as key targets for conservation. In south‐western Australia, intraspecific genetic ersity for mesic taxa is not uniformly distributed. Many species comprise highly ergent lineages with unique haplotypes resulting from contraction to refugia during historical arid cycles. S ling strategies in studies of the region’s unique and ancient freshwater fauna have often focused on broad distributional range, making it difficult to determine boundaries between lineages and the location of genetic hotspots. This study explored the spatial distribution of intraspecific genetic ersity in the threatened freshwater mussel, Westralunio carteri . Mitochondrial DNA sequences for 164 specimens, s led from all basins within the distribution of the species, were used to describe lineage boundaries and the location of hotspots, and to reconstruct historical demographics. There was strong evidence for three subregions of genetic ersity based on the largely non‐overlapping distributions of three evolutionarily significant units. Spatial and demographic analyses suggest that these evolutionarily significant units persisted through past arid cycles in separate refugia. The majority of haplotypes were unique to a single location, indicating limited connectivity among populations in recent times. Hotspots were identified throughout the region. Most notably, a significant hotspot in the south‐western corner probably arose through the overlap of lineages in historical refugia. Conservation assessments often focus on the species as a whole, even though sublineages, hotspots and the threats faced are not evenly distributed across the species range. This paper highlights that effective conservation of spatially structured taxa requires targeted management of multiple genetic units. Given the importance of formal taxonomic description for conservation listings, further investigation of the potential for species delimitation within W. carteri is required.
Managing translocations of aquatic species
Publisher: Hindawi Limited
Date: 2000
Identification of novel and zoonotic Cryptosporidium species in marine fish
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 03-2010
DOI: 10.1016/J.VETPAR.2009.11.015
Abstract: Little is known about the prevalence and genotypes of Cryptosporidium in fish. The present study investigated the prevalence of Cryptosporidium species in cultured fingerlings (n=227), wild freshwater (n=227) and wild marine/estuarine species (n=255) of fish in Western Australia by PCR lification at the 18S rRNA locus. Results revealed a low prevalence of Cryptosporidium infection in fish hosts 0.8% (6/709). Four species of Cryptosporidium were identified including C. parvum, C. xiaoi and pig genotype II in whiting (Sillago vittata) and a novel Cryptosporidium spp. in mullets (Mugil cephalus). The identification of zoonotic species of Cryptosporidium in fish indicates that future research to gain a better understanding of the public health impacts is warranted. The detection of the protozoa in fish may also be a good sentinel for environmental contamination or ecosystem health.
Efficacy of exclusion fencing to protect ephemeral floodplain lagoon habitats from feral pigs (Sus scrofa)
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 14-06-2010
Multilocus enzyme electrophoresis for identification and typing of Treponema hyodysenteriae and related spirochaetes
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 03-1990
DOI: 10.1016/0378-1135(90)90127-H
Abstract: An assessment was made of multilocus enzyme electrophoresis as a means of identifying and typing spirochaetes isolated from pigs. Using five enzyme systems, 36 isolates from Australia, the U.K. and the U.S.A. were ided into 12 electrophoretic types or multilocus genotypes, comprising four major, genetically distinct groups. All 26 isolates of Treponema hyodysenteriae fell into one group, members of which showed relatively little genetic ersity. Ten isolates of non-pathogenic spirochaetes fell into three genetically different groups. Although the technique was capable of typing organisms within the groups, it was not always as discriminatory as DNA-restriction endonuclease analysis. Examination of additional enzyme loci should increase the sensitivity of the method for typing and for overall assessment of genetic relationships between spirochaetes.
Teaching of parasitology to students of veterinary medicine and biomedical sciences
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 10-2002
DOI: 10.1016/S0304-4017(02)00227-3
Abstract: The teaching of an applied parasitology course suitable for both veterinary and biomedical students is described. A common lecture course is given complemented by separate and specific practical, research and problem-based learning components designed for veterinary and biomedical students. For veterinary and biomedical students, teaching of parasitology during the full course comprises a total of 46 lectures 13 practical classes for veterinary students and five for biomedical students who also undertake an independent research project.
Variation in Echinococcus: Towards a taxonomic revision of the genus
Publisher: Elsevier
Date: 1995
What factors influence fin‐nipping damage by the invasive Gambusia holbrooki (Poeciliidae) on native fishes in riverine systems?
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 30-11-2021
DOI: 10.1111/FWB.13843
Abstract: Gambusia holbrooki is arguably the most widely introduced and ecologically damaging freshwater fish in the world. Although aspects of its aggressive behaviour have been studied in lentic environments and ex situ experiments, the physical damage to native freshwater fishes in riverine systems caused by this behaviour remains relatively unknown. This study quantified the spatial and temporal patterns of abundance of G. holbrooki and the prevalence of fin‐nipping damage on freshwater fishes in river systems of south‐western Australia, a globally endemic hotspot with a high proportion of threatened species. It then determined the environmental factors influencing the abundance of G. holbrooki and the prevalence of fin‐nipping damage on native fishes. Caudal fin damage differed significantly among four endemic native fishes, with damage being most prevalent in the percichthyid Nannoperca vittata , which has a similar size and ecological niche to G. holbrooki . Fin‐nipping damage of native species also showed significant seasonal variation occurring most commonly during summer and autumn when many rivers in this region cease to flow and contract to refuge pools, probably increasing interactions between G. holbrooki and the native fishes. Moreover, the environmental variables that best explained both the density of G. holbrooki and the prevalence of fin‐nipping were broadly similar and were characteristic of more degraded habitats. We anticipate that habitat degradation, river regulation and severe declines in surface flows resulting from climate change will benefit G. holbrooki to the detriment of native fishes. Restoration of riverine environments along with public education c aigns to prevent the further spread of G. holbrooki or the introduction of additional species is crucial to mitigate their effects on aquatic ecosystems.
Substrate type and age are risk factors for gastrointestinal parasitism in greyhound kennels
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 2019
DOI: 10.1016/J.VETPAR.2018.11.013
Abstract: The control of parasitic infections is particularly challenging in environments that are conducive to the maintenance of parasite lifecycles, such as the greyhound kennel, where the long-term breeding and rearing of dogs is common. The prevalence of gastrointestinal (GI) parasites within the Australian greyhound population has never previously been assessed, which seriously constrains the implementation of effective control measures. The aims of this study were to determine the prevalence and risk factors for GI parasites in Australian greyhounds, identify parasites which may be detrimental to the health and performance of dogs, and evaluate the likelihood of zoonotic transmission to kennel staff. Faecal s les were collected from 721 in idual greyhounds situated in kennels across five states of Australia Western Australia, Queensland, New South Wales, Victoria and Tasmania. Animal husbandry and current parasite control protocols were obtained from each kennel and analysed in conjunction with the detected level of parasitism. Overall parasite prevalence was approximately 60%, ranging from 50 to 70% between states. Eleven parasite genera were identified, with Sarcocystis, hookworm, Giardia and Toxocara detected most frequently. Generalised linear mixed model analyses found the major risk factors associated with parasitism were: a) the type of substrate which dogs were housed b) age of dogs and c) geographic region. Parasitism was associated most frequently with young dogs housed on grass/sand substrates, which allowed parasite lifecycles to continue, with constant reinfection the likely outcome. Routine treatment with broad-spectrum anthelmintics did not provide effective control in these environments and the adoption of alternate parasite control strategies is recommended. A substantial risk from zoonotic parasites was also identified, with six of the eleven parasite genera detected considered to be zoonotic and a poor understanding of zoonotic transmission among kennel managers.
Reactivation of Chagas Disease: Implications for global health
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 11-2015
Abstract: Reactivation of Chagas Disease (CD) is a global public health issue. Reactivation of disease can affect the management of CD and its clinical outcome, adding pressure to global health systems because it exacerbates symptoms, leading to misdiagnosis and delays in the administration of correct treatments. Concurrent infections complicate the issue of reactivation, because there are various parasites and disease treatment regimens that are able to influence or suppress the immune system of the host, reactivating disease within infected in iduals. The effect of delayed symptoms of chronic CD and the potential for disease reactivation are of great importance to nonendemic regions of the world, where knowledge about CD is lacking and the potential for vectorial transmission is not known.
The immune-related circRNA-miRNA-mRNA ceRNA regulatory network in the liver of turbot (Scophthalmus maximus L.) induced by Vibrio anguillarum
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 2023
Bioavailability and palatability of praziquantel incorporated into solid-lipid nanoparticles fed to yellowtail kingfish Seriola lalandi
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 04-2019
DOI: 10.1016/J.CBPC.2018.12.007
Abstract: In an effort to overcome the palatability issues currently constraining the effective delivery of praziquantel (PZQ) via feed to treat monogenean parasites in yellowtail kingfish, this study compared the bioavailability and palatability of PZQ in hydrogenated castor oil (HCO) solid lipid nanoparticles (SLN) against pure PZQ in this species. Improving bioavailability would facilitate lower dietary inclusion levels to achieve the same therapeutic dose and therefore reduce the bitterness of feeds containing PZQ. Bioavailability was determined by co-administering feed with either pure PZQ, HCO-SLN or HCO-SLN coated with chitosan via intubation and quantifying the pharmacokinetics response. In contrast to studies with mammals, the results demonstrated that PZQ in HCO-SLN had equal bioavailability to pure PZQ in yellowtail kingfish, including when HCO-SLN were coated with chitosan. We hypothesise that the lack of improvement in bioavailability may be due to the lack of M cells and Peyer's patches in fish and the subsequent inability of fish to take nanoparticles directly into the lymphatic system. Furthermore, palatability of the feeds medicated with PZQ was not improved when the PZQ was incorporated into HCO-SLN, possibly due to the low loading rate of PZQ within the HCO-SLN and the subsequent thick coating of nanoparticles that was required on the surface of the feed pellets. Combined, these data demonstrate that the SLN used in the current study are not capable of delivering the benefits required to enable effective in-feed treatment of PZQ against monogenean parasites in yellowtail kingfish.
Predation by rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) on a Western Australian icon: Marron (Cherax cainii)
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Date: 06-2007
Cryptosporidium huwi n. sp. (Apicomplexa: Eimeriidae) from the guppy (Poecilia reticulata)
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 03-2015
DOI: 10.1016/J.EXPPARA.2015.01.009
Abstract: The morphological, biological, and molecular characteristics of Cryptosporidium piscine genotype 1 from the guppy (Poecilia reticulata) are described, and the species name Cryptosporidium huwi n. sp. is proposed to reflect its genetic and biological differences from gastric and intestinal Cryptosporidium species. Oocysts of C.huwi n. sp. over-lap in size with Cryptosporidium molnari, measuring approximately 4.4-4.9 µm (mean 4.6) by 4.0-4.8 µm (mean 4.4 µm) with a length to width ratio of 1.04 (0.92-1.35) (n = 50). Similar to C.molnari, C.huwi n. sp. was identified in the stomach only and clusters of oogonial and sporogonial stages were identified deep within the epithelium. However, phylogenetic analysis of 18S rRNA sequences indicated that C. huwi n. sp. exhibited 8.5-9.2% and 3.5% genetic distance from C.molnari isolates and piscine genotype 7 respectively. At the actin locus, the genetic distance between C.huwi n. sp. and C.molnari was 16.6%. The genetic distance between C.huwi n. sp. and other Cryptosporidium species at the 18S locus was 13.2%-17% and at the actin locus was 18.9%-26.3%. Therefore C. huwi n. sp. is genetically distinct from previously described Cryptosporidium species.
Larval rearing of barramundi (Lates calcarifer) in saline groundwater
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 06-2008
Traditional medicinal plants in the treatment of gastrointestinal parasites in humans: A systematic review and meta‐analysis of clinical and experimental evidence
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 25-05-2023
DOI: 10.1002/PTR.7895
Abstract: Gastrointestinal (GI) parasites cause significant morbidity and mortality worldwide. The use of conventional antiparasitic drugs is often inhibited due to limited availability, side effects or parasite resistance. Medicinal plants can be used as alternatives or adjuncts to current antiparasitic therapies. This systematic review and meta‐analysis aimed to critically synthesise the literature on the efficacy of different plants and plant compounds against common human GI parasites and their toxicity profiles. Searches were conducted from inception to September 2021. Of 5393 screened articles, 162 were included in the qualitative synthesis (159 experimental studies and three randomised control trials [RCTs]), and three articles were included in meta‐analyses. A total of 507 plant species belonging to 126 families were tested against different parasites, and most of these (78.4%) evaluated antiparasitic efficacy in vitro. A total of 91 plant species and 34 compounds were reported as having significant in vitro efficacy against parasites. Only a few plants ( n = 57) were evaluated for their toxicity before testing their antiparasitic effects. The meta‐analyses revealed strong evidence of the effectiveness of Lepidium virginicum L. against Entamoeba histolytica with a pooled mean IC 50 of 198.63 μg/mL (95% CI 155.54–241.72). We present summary tables and various recommendations to direct future research.
Identification of novel Cryptosporidium species in aquarium fish
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 11-2010
DOI: 10.1016/J.VETPAR.2010.08.006
Abstract: Little is known about the prevalence and genotypes of Cryptosporidium in fish. The present study investigated the prevalence of Cryptosporidium species in 200 aquarium fish of 39 different species in Western Australia by PCR lification at the 18S rRNA locus. A total of 21 positives were detected by PCR (10.5% prevalence) from 13 different species of fish. Nineteen of these isolates were successfully sequenced. Of these, 12 were similar or identical to previously described species/genotypes of Cryptosporidium, while the remaining seven isolates appeared to represent three novel species.
Mitochondrial DNA polymorphisms and fertility in beef cattle
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 04-2002
DOI: 10.1016/S0093-691X(02)00664-7
Abstract: Four hundred and twenty-two beef cattle of two different breeds (purebred Hereford and composite multibreed) were characterized by polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism, using the restriction enzymes ApaI, AvaII, HindIII, PstI, SpeI, SspI and TaqI in two regions (the D-loop and the ND-5 gene) of mitochondrial DNA. The association between molecular haplotypes and records on calving rate, defined as the mean number of live calves born per year over 4 years, were examined by analysis of variance. A significant association was found between calving rate and mitochondrial polymorphisms in both breeds. This may have implications for genetically improving cow fertility.
The origin of a new focus of infection with Echinococcus granulosus in tasmania
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 12-1991
DOI: 10.1016/0020-7519(91)90172-4
Abstract: Hydatid cysts were discovered in cattle on King Island, north of Tasmania, where Echinococcus granulosus was thought to have been eradicated. Using enzyme electrophoresis, isolates from King Island were compared genetically with isolates from Tasmania and the mainland of Australia. The genetic distinctness of the King Island isolates make it unlikely that they originated from a recent introduction from either Tasmania or mainland Australia. Alternative possibilities, that the infection resulted from a recent introduction from another source or from previously undetected persistence of E. granulosus on King Island, could not be distinguished from available data.
Chagas disease: the challenge of polyparasitism?
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 04-2014
Abstract: The debilitating zoonosis Chagas disease (CD) is caused by infection with the flagellate protozoan Trypanosoma cruzi. One century after its discovery, a curative agent remains elusive. Immune evasion by T. cruzi results in a poorly controlled infection in the host, which can end in either sudden death or a fatal chronic disease that often eventuates after years of an asymptomatic infection. Polyparasitism or mixed/concurrent infections occur more often than not and contribute to the high degree of variability observed across both disease progression and the success of therapeutic interventions. A thorough understanding of the effects of polyparasitism on CD is essential for improving the likelihood of containing, treating, and eventually eliminating CD.
Rostellar hook morphology of Echinococcus granulosus (Batsch, 1786) from natural and experimental Australian hosts, and its implications for strain recognition
Publisher: Cambridge University Press (CUP)
Date: 10-1990
DOI: 10.1017/S0031182000063332
Abstract: An analysis of the rostellar hooks of Australian isolates of Echinococcus granulosus revealed that there was less variation in larval (metacestode) than adult characters and that metacestode characters could be measured directly from adult worms. A factor analysis indicated that two factors, one representing a contrast between number of hooks and their length, and the other representing blade lengths, were sufficient to account for 87.5% of the variance in metacestode hook measurements. These results indicate that rostellar hook morphology is not useful for discriminating strains of E. granulosus in Australia. The Tasmanian and mainland domestic strains were found to be indistinguishable using rostellar morphology. Although many of the isolates from sylvatic hosts differed from those from domestic hosts, there was not a clear separation as would be expected if two distinct strains existed. Evidence was presented to show that the morphological differences seen in sylvatic hosts could be attributed to host-induced effects, and that the previously accepted existence of two mainland strains should be investigated further.
Intraspecific variation in parasites- What is a strain?
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 1990
DOI: 10.1016/0169-4758(90)90410-6
Abstract: The use of molecular techniques in parasitology has revealed a startling degree of ersity within species of parasite. These discoveries have emphasized the need for parasitologists to define and describe accurately the organisms with which they work. Andrew Thompson and Alan Lymbery propose that parasite strains be described by a combination of genetic and biological characteristics since reliance on the genotype alone may confer significance on a feature of little biological relevance.
Morphological and Molecular Characterisation of a New Species of Parastrongyloides (Rhabditida: Strongyloididae) from the Short-Beaked Echidna Tachyglossus aculeatus from Western Australia
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 09-07-2021
DOI: 10.1007/S11686-021-00443-Y
Abstract: A new species of the nematode genus Parastrongyloides Morgan, 1928 was found in the caecum of six short-beaked echidnas Tachyglossus aculeatus (Shaw, 1792) collected from southwestern Australia between August 1964 and March 2020. Specimens were prepared for microscopic examination as temporary wet mounts, measurements were made using an Olympus DP71 camera with cellSens standard software, figures were drawn using a drawing tube and light micrographs taken. DNA was extracted using a Qiagen blood and tissue kit, lified targeting the COX1 gene region. Sequences obtained were analysed and edited using Geneious v.8.1 and aligned to existing sequences published in Genbank using MUSCLE. Parastrongyloides spratti n. sp. can be distinguished from all other species of Parastrongyloides in having the male caudal papillae arranged as a single median dome-shaped pre-cloacal papilla, three tiny pairs of ventral papillae immediately pre-cloacal, a tiny ventral pair of papillae post-cloacal and the female with four to five pairs of dorsoventral papillae immediately anterior to the vulva. A revised key to the species of Parastrongyloides found in Australia is given. Sequence analysis of the COX1 gene corroborated the species status of P. spratti. Morphological and molecular analyses support the status of P. spratti as a new species. Parastrongyloides may have an ancient origin in the Australian portion of Gondwanaland.
A comparison of the palatability of racemic praziquantel and its two enantioseparated isomers in yellowtail kingfish Seriola lalandi (Valenciennes, 1833)
Publisher: Hindawi Limited
Date: 02-03-2017
DOI: 10.1111/ARE.13010
Seasonal populations in the life cycle of Mygalopsis marki Bailey (Orthoptera: Tettigoniidae)
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 11-1987
Fish out of water: Aquatic parasites in a drying world
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 08-2020
Environmental Biology
Publisher: Cambridge University Press
Date: 18-05-2009
Abstract: Environmental Biology offers a fresh, problem-solving treatment of the topic for students requiring a biology background before further study in environmental science, sustainable development or environmental engineering. It begins with an environmental theme that carries through the text, using three major case studies with a regional focus. Key foundational knowledge is introduced and developed as the text progresses, with students encouraged to integrate their accumulated learning to reach solutions. A comprehensive coverage of scientific method, including field experimentation and field techniques, is an important part of the approach. While emphasising the environmental theme, the book introduces all facets of the biology discipline, including cell biology, evolution, ecology, conservation and restoration. There are over 500 line drawings, diagrams and photos throughout, including full-colour sections, and each chapter includes summaries and comprehensive questions. The accompanying online Instructors' Resource includes multiple-choice questions, 'Test your knowledge' solutions and video footage.
Combining data from morphological traits and genetic markers to determine transmission cycles in the tape worm, Echinococcus granulosis
Publisher: Cambridge University Press (CUP)
Date: 08-1998
DOI: 10.1017/S0031182098002911
Abstract: Species of Echinococcus (Cestoda: Taeniidae) require 2 mammalian hosts to complete their life-cycle a carnivorous definitive host, and a herbivorous or omnivorous intermediate host. For most species of Echinococcus , the definitive host range is restricted to 1 or a few species, but the intermediate host range is very broad. Programmes to control hydatid disease attempt to break the life-cycle of the parasite and their effectiveness is therefore enhanced by an understanding of local patterns of transmission. Although it is known that the rostellar hooks of protoscoleces may be influenced by the species of intermediate host in which they develop, the application of this knowledge to infer transmission cycles has been limited, because the intermediate host effect has not been isolated from other environmental and genetic components of phenotypic variance. This study presents a method for separating these potentially confounding genetic and environmental effects, by combining quantitative genetic analyses of hook traits with data on population structure from neutral genetic markers. The method was applied to 5 hook traits (hook number, total length of large hooks, blade length of large hooks, total length of small hooks, blade length of small hooks) measured on protoscoleces from 2 intermediate host types (sheep and macropod marsupials) in Australia. Although genetic variance was similar for all traits, they differed markedly in the extent of environmental variance attributed to development in different host types. Total length of small hooks was the trait most affected, with 49–60% of phenotypic variance being explained by environmental differences between intermediate host species. Blade length of small hooks was least affected, with none of the phenotypic variance due to intermediate host origin. These data suggest that hook measurements of adult worms from naturally infected definitive hosts could be used to determine the intermediate host species from which infection was acquired, if the appropriate traits are measured.
The effect of reinfection and mixed Trypanosoma cruzi infections on disease progression in mice
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 02-2018
DOI: 10.1016/J.ACTATROPICA.2017.11.002
Abstract: The progression of Chagas disease (CD) varies significantly from host to host and is affected by multiple factors. In particular, mixed strain infections and reinfections have the potential to exacerbate disease progression subsequently affecting clinical management of patients with CD. Consequently, an associated reduction in therapeutic intervention and poor prognosis may occur due to this exacerbated disease state. This study investigated the effects of mixed strain infections and reinfection with Trypanosoma cruzi in mice, using two isolates from different discrete typing units, TcI (C8 clone 1) and TcIV (10R26). There were no significant differences in mortality rate, body weight or body condition among mice infected with either C8 clone 1, 10R26, or a mixture of both isolates. However, the parasite was found in a significantly greater number of host organs in mice infected with a mixture of isolates, and the histopathological response to infection was significantly greater in mice infected with C8 clone 1 alone, and C8 clone 1+10R26 mixed infections than in mice infected with 10R26 alone. To investigate the effects of reinfection, mice received either a double exposure to C8 clone 1 a double exposure to 10R26 exposure to C8 clone 1 followed by 10R26 or exposure to 10R26 followed by C8 clone 1. Compared to single infection groups, mortality was significantly increased, while survival time, body weight and body condition were all significantly decreased across all reinfection groups, with no significant differences among these groups. The mortality rate over all reinfection groups was 63.6%, compared to 0% in single infection groups, however there was no evidence of a greater histopathological response to infection. These results suggest firstly, that the C8 clone 1 isolate is more virulent than the 10R26 isolate, and secondly, that a more disseminated infection may occur with a mixture of isolates than with single isolates, although there is no evidence that mixed infections have a greater pathological effect. By contrast, reinfections do have major effects on host survivability and thus disease outcome. This confirms previous research demonstrating spontaneous deaths following reinfection, a phenomenon that to our knowledge has only been reported once before.
Upstream recolonization by freshwater mussels (Unionoida: Hyriidae) following installation of a fishway
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 08-12-2018
DOI: 10.1002/AQC.2861
Increased Trypanosoma spp. richness and prevalence of haemoparasite co-infection following translocation
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 21-03-2019
Identification of zoonotic Giardia genotypes in fish
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 06-2010
DOI: 10.1016/J.IJPARA.2009.12.001
Abstract: Apart from a single record in a shark, there have been no published studies conducted on Giardia genotypes in fish. The present study investigated the prevalence of Giardia in cultured fingerlings (n=227), wild freshwater (n=227) and wild marine/estuarine species (n=255) of fish in Western Australia by PCR lification at the 18S rRNA, glutamate dehydrogenase (gdh), triose phosphate isomerase (tpi) and beta-giardin (bg) loci. Results revealed a low prevalence of Giardia, 3.8% (27/709), in fish hosts. The zoonotic Giardia species, Giardia duodenalis assemblages A, B as well as G. duodenalis assemblage E and Giardia microti were detected. The identification of zoonotic species of Giardia highlights the public health importance of investigating parasites within fish host species.
Phylogenetic Pattern, Evolutionary Processes and Species Delimitation in the Genus Echinococcus
Publisher: Elsevier
Date: 2017
DOI: 10.1016/BS.APAR.2016.07.002
Abstract: An accurate and stable alpha taxonomy requires a clear conception of what constitutes a species and agreed criteria for delimiting different species. An evolutionary or general lineage concept defines a species as a single lineage of organisms with a common evolutionary trajectory, distinguishable from other such lineages. Delimiting evolutionary species is a two-step process. In the first step, phylogenetic reconstruction identifies putative species as groups of organisms that are monophyletic (share a common ancestor) and exclusive (more closely related to each other than to organisms outside the group). The second step is to assess whether members of the group possess genetic exchangeability (where cohesion is maintained by gene flow among populations) or ecological exchangeability (where cohesion is maintained because populations occupy the same ecological niche). Recent taxonomic reviews have recognized nine species within the genus Echinococcus. Phylogenetic reconstructions of the relationships between these putative species using mtDNA and nuclear gene sequences show that for the most part these nine species are monophyletic, although there are important incongruences that need to be resolved. Applying the criteria of genetic and ecological exchangeability suggests that seven of the currently recognized species represent evolutionarily distinct lineages. The species status of Echinococcus canadensis and Echinococcus ortleppi could not be confirmed. Coalescent-based analyses represent a promising approach to species delimitation in these closely related taxa. It seems likely, from a comparison of sister species groups, that speciation in the genus has been driven by geographic isolation, but biogeographic scenarios are largely speculative and require further testing.
Electrophoretic analysis of genetic variation in Echinococcus granulosus from domestic hosts in Australia
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 09-1988
DOI: 10.1016/0020-7519(88)90122-1
Abstract: A bilateral gastrocnemius tertius muscle and a unilateral accessory soleus muscle were encountered during the routine educational dissection studies. The right gastrocnemius tertius muscle consisted of one belly, but the left one of two bellies. On the left side, the superficial belly of the gastrocnemius tertius muscle had its origin from an area just above the tendon of the plantaris muscle, the deep belly from the tendon of the plantaris muscle. The accessory soleus muscle originated from the posteromedial aspect of the tibia and soleal line of the tibia and inserted to the medial surface of the calcaneus. On the right side, the gastrocnemius tertius muscle had its origin from the lateral condyle of the femur, and inserted to the medial head of the gastrocnemius muscle. The co-existence of both gastrocnemius tertius and accessory soleus muscle has not, to our knowledge, been previously reported.
LncRNA activates immune response against Vibrio anguillarum in the intestine-liver axis of turbot (Scophthalmus maximus L.) by sponging miRNA in a ceRNA regulatory network
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 11-2023
Age and growth in the Australian freshwater mussel, Westralunio carteri, with an evaluation of the fluorochrome calcein for validating the assumption of annulus formation
Publisher: University of Chicago Press
Date: 12-2014
DOI: 10.1086/677815
Range decline and conservation status of Westralunio carteri Iredale, 1934 (Bivalvia:Hyriidae) from south-western Australia
Publisher: CSIRO Publishing
Date: 2015
DOI: 10.1071/ZO15002
Abstract: Westralunio carteri is the only species of freshwater mussel found in south-western Australia and, owing to a lack of comprehensive information on its ecology, its conservation status has been speculative. To more accurately predict the true conservation status of this species, the historical and contemporary distributional records were modelled with environmental data that identified salinity, perenniality and total nitrogen as variables responsible for limiting the species’ current extent of occurrence, inferring threatening processes. The species was found to have undergone a 49% reduction in extent of occurrence in less than three generations, due primarily to secondary salinisation. Current distribution is bounded by Gingin Brook in the north to the Kent, Goodga and Waychinicup Rivers in the South, within 50–100 km of coastal south-western Australia. Field observations indicated that W. carteri was almost never found at sites where mean salinity was .6 g L–1. This was corroborated by laboratory tolerance trials that showed that W. carteri has an acute salinity tolerance (LD50) of 1.6–3.0 g L–1. Application of IUCN Red List criteria indicates that W. carteri qualifies for listing as vulnerable. Conservation management measures should focus on maintaining existing populations.
Diversity of trypanosomes infecting Australian wildlife
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 03-2011
Effect of date palm (Phoenix dactylifera ) seed extract as a dietary supplementation on growth performance immunological haematological biochemical parameters of common carp
Publisher: Hindawi Limited
Date: 29-06-2018
DOI: 10.1111/ARE.13760
Debilitating disease in a polyparasitised woylie (Bettongia penicillata): A diagnostic investigation
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 12-2018
Stream salinization is associated with reduced taxonomic, but not functional diversity in a riparian plant community
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 18-04-2006
Preliminary comparisons of yield and profit achieved from different rainbow trout, Oncorhynchus mykiss, production systems in inland Western Australia
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Date: 22-12-2004
Additive genetic and other sources of variation in growth traits of juvenile black bream Acanthopagrus butcheri
Publisher: Hindawi Limited
Date: 05-2005
In Vitro Susceptibility of Cryptosporidium parvum to Plant Antiparasitic Compounds
Publisher: MDPI AG
Date: 30-12-2022
DOI: 10.3390/PATHOGENS12010061
Abstract: Cryptosporidium parvum is a significant cause of watery diarrhoea in humans and other animals worldwide. Although hundreds of novel drugs have been evaluated, no effective specific chemotherapeutic intervention for C. parvum has been reported. There has been much recent interest in evaluating plant-derived products in the fight against gastrointestinal parasites, including C. parvum. This study aimed to identify extracts from 13 different plant species that provide evidence for inhibiting the growth of C. parvum in vitro. Efficacy against C. parvum was detected and quantified using quantitative PCR and immunofluorescence assays. All plant extracts tested against C. parvum showed varying inhibition activities in vitro, and none of them produced a cytotoxic effect on HCT-8 cells at concentrations up to 500 µg/mL. Four plant species with the strongest evidence of activity against C. parvum were Curcuma longa, Piper nigrum, Embelia ribes, and Nigella sativa, all with dose-dependent efficacy. To the authors' knowledge, this is the first time that these plant extracts have proven to be experimentally efficacious against C. parvum. These results support further exploration of these plants and their compounds as possible treatments for Cryptosporidium infections.
Population structure and microhabitat preference of a threatened freshwater mussel, Westralunio carteri, in south-western Australia
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 09-07-2022
DOI: 10.1007/S10750-022-04929-2
Abstract: Freshwater mussels are important functional components of aquatic ecosystems. Westralunio carteri is a threatened freshwater mussel species, endemic to south-western Australia, which has suffered a recent, dramatic decline in range. The density, size structure and distribution of adult mussels of this species within river reaches were investigated using quadrat searches and modelled against a range of microhabitat factors. Mussels were found from 26 sites in 14 different rivers at a mean density of 28.4 ± 2.3 in iduals m −2 . The distribution of W. carteri was highly aggregated within river reaches. The most important factors explaining mussel distribution were substrate grain size, substrate debris and distance from the riverbank, with finer substrate, the presence of woody debris and proximity to the riverbank associated with greater abundance of mussels. In all rivers where mussels were found, most populations appeared to be actively recruiting. However, no mussels were found in six sites, despite them having been recorded as present within the last 20 years, which suggests that the range of the species is still in decline. The identification of microhabitat requirements for W. carteri will assist in identifying suitable release sites for translocation and/or captive propagation, which may be required to prevent extinction of the species.
Rethinking the land: The development of inland saline aquaculture in Western Australia
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Date: 2003
Parasites are endangered by the conservation of their hosts: Meta-analyses of the effect of host captivity on the odds of parasite infection
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 08-2020
Morphological and morphometrical description of the glochidia of Westralunio carteri Iredale, 1934 (Bivalvia: Unionoida: Hyriidae)
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Date: 05-2013
Evolutionary ecology of parasites: From individuals to communities by Robert Poulin
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 03-1999
Parasites at risk – Insights from an endangered marsupial
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 2017
Abstract: Parasites are the most abundant form of life on earth and are vital components of ecosystem health. Yet, it is only relatively recently that attention has been given to the risks of extinction that parasites face when their hosts, particularly wildlife, are endangered. In such circumstances, parasites that are host-specific with complicated life cycles are most at risk. Such extinction/coextinction events have been poorly documented, principally because of the difficulties of following such extinction processes in nature. Fortunately, we were presented with the rare opportunity to catalogue an endangered Australian marsupial's parasites we present our near-complete catalogue here. We incorporate this catalogue into a predictive framework to understand which parasites might be most vulnerable to coextinction, which we hope will serve as a model for endangered hosts and their parasites elsewhere.
Genetic analysis of actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae, and comparison with Haemophilus spp. Taxon “Minor Group” and Taxon C
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 06-1993
DOI: 10.1016/S0934-8840(11)80494-9
Abstract: The genetic ersity among 52 field isolates, mainly from Australia, and 15 reference strains of Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae was examined using multilocus enzyme electrophoresis. Thirty three electrophoretic types (ETs) were recognised, with a mean genetic ersity per locus of 0.312. Australian strains of serovars 1, 2, 5 and 7 belonged to the same clonal lines as strains of these serovars in other countries, but distinct clones of serovars 3, 7, 11 and 12 were also identified. The type strains of serovars 1, 9 and 11 were placed in the same ET. Strains of A. pleuropneumoniae biovar 2 were closely related to biovar 1 strains. Twenty three isolates which did not react with the typing sera or could not be assigned to a single serovar were ided into seven clonal groups. Five strains of Haemophilus sp. Taxon "minor group" which were included in the study were distinct from A. pleuropneumoniae, and were erse, being ided into at least two major genetic groupings. Two strains of Haemophilus sp. Taxon C were placed in another distinct ET.
Phylogeographic study of the West Australian freshwater mussel, Westralunio carteri, uncovers evolutionarily significant units that raise new conservation concerns
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 15-02-2020
Migration, selection and population size in Ostertagia ostertagi
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 02-1993
Parasitic infections of brushtail possums Trichosurus vulpecula in urbanised environments and bushland in the greater Perth region, Western Australia
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 2018
DOI: 10.2981/WLB.00442
Abstract: Brushtail possums Trichosurus vulpecula remain in many areas of Perth, Western Australia, despite urbanisation. However, there are no data available regarding parasitic infections in this species in this locale, despite the relevance to wildlife health, and to public health when considering anthropozoonoses (infections that can spread from humans to animals, and vice versa). Further, though urbanisation is speculated to entail changes to wildlife infection epidemiology, there are few data investigating this hypothesis in marsupial populations in urbanised environments in Australia. This study aimed to measure T. gondii seroprevalence, gastrointestinal parasite prevalences, and macroscopic ectoparasite prevalences and intensities, in brushtail possums in the greater Perth region. It also aimed to compare infection prevalences between brushtail possum trapped in urbanised environments and bushland. As part of a cross‐sectional study, 18 brushtail possums were trapped and s led in bushland, 15 possums were trapped and s led in urbanised environments, and 23 possum carcasses were obtained from a wildlife hospital, in the greater Perth region. This study provides parasite prevalence data, new host records for the ectoparasites Pygiopsylla tunneyi and Liponyssoides sp., and a new location record for the ectoparasite Haemaphysalis bremneri . Urbanised environments were inversely associated with prevalence of tick (Family Ixodidae) infections, and more specifically Amblyomma spp. infections. This study found no evidence that the Perth brushtail possum population is a substantial reservoir of anthropozoonotic parasites, though larger studies are required to confirm these findings.
The porcine intestinal spirochaetes: identification of new genetic groups
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 03-1993
DOI: 10.1016/0378-1135(93)90017-2
Abstract: The weakly beta-haemolytic isolates were ided into 56 electrophoretic types (ETs), contained in three distinct genetic groups (A,B and C). Group A corresponded to the genus Serpulina, and could be ided into three isions. It contained 17 weakly haemolytic isolates in isions b and c, as well as all 98 isolates of S. hyodysenteriae, located in ision a. All seven weakly beta-haemolytic isolates that produced indole and had alpha-glucosidase but not alpha-galactosidase activity fell into ision b. These spirochaetes may represent a distinct species. The other ten weakly beta-haemolytic spirochaetes, in ision c, fitted the description of S. innocens. Group B contained 17 of the weakly beta-haemolytic isolates (18.9%) in ten ETs. Isolates in this group differed from typical S. innocens in that they lacked alpha-galactosidase activity. Group B represented a distinct group of weekly beta-haemolytic spirochaetes, which may constitute a new genus. Group C contained 56 of the weakly beta-haemolytic isolates (62.2%) located in 29 ETs. The original isolate from "spirochaetal diarrhoea" (P43/6/78-Taylor et al., 1980) was located in this group, together with Australian isolates from a similar condition. Spirochaetes in group C were morphologically distinct from those in groups A and B in that they possessed only four, five or occasionally six, subterminal axial filaments, were more slender, and had more pointed ends to their cells. We consider that group C represents a new genus of spirochaetes, members of which may be associated with spirochaetal diarrhoea.
Genetic improvement in the Australian aquaculture industry
Publisher: Hindawi Limited
Date: 2000
Larval anisakid infections of some tropical fish species from north-west Australia
Publisher: Cambridge University Press (CUP)
Date: 12-2003
DOI: 10.1079/JOH2003193
Abstract: Despite the commercial and zoonotic importance of larval anisakid infestations of teleosts, their distribution among Australia's erse marine fish fauna is poorly understood. A preliminary survey of Australia's tropical north-west revealed a generally high prevalence of larval anisakids representing four genera ( Anisakis , Terranova , Thynnascaris and Raphidascaris ) among only seven fish species. The potential impact of high larval anisakid infections on both the health of recreational fishermen and aquaculture environments is discussed.
Morphological polymorphism of Trypanosoma copemani and description of the genetically diverse T. vegrandis sp. nov. from the critically endangered Australian potoroid, the brush-tailed bettong (Bettongia penicillata (Gray, 1837))
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 26-04-2013
The potential of a salt-tolerant plant (Distichlis spicata cv. NyPa Forage) to treat effluent from inland saline aquaculture and provide livestock feed on salt-affected farmland
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 02-2013
DOI: 10.1016/J.SCITOTENV.2012.12.058
Abstract: Dryland salinity is a major problem affecting food production from agricultural land in Australia and throughout the world. Although there is much interest in using saline groundwater to grow marine fish on salt-affected farmland, the disposal of nutrient enriched, saline aquaculture effluent is a major environmental problem. We investigated the potential of the salt-tolerant NyPa Forage plant (Distichlis spicata L. Greene var. yensen-4a) to trap nutrients from saline aquaculture effluent and subsequently to provide a fodder crop for livestock. Sub-surface flow wetlands containing NyPa Forage were constructed and their efficacy in removing total nitrogen, ammonia, nitrite/nitrate, total phosphorus and orthophosphate was monitored under different levels of nutrients and salinity. The wetlands removed 60-90% of total nitrogen loads and at least 85% of ammonia, nitrite/nitrate, total phosphorus and orthophosphate loads, with greater efficiency at high nutrient and low salinity levels. The above-ground yield, sodium, crude protein (CP) and in vitro dry matter digestibility (DMD) of NyPa Forage plants were measured after fertilisation with different nutrient levels and cropping at different frequencies. Yield of plants increased with increased nutrient, while nutritive value was greater when nutrients were applied but did not differ among nutrient levels. Yield was not affected by cropping frequency, but nutritive value was greatest when plants were cropped at intervals of 21 or 42 days. At optimum nutrient addition and cropping levels, the plants had a mean CP content of 16.7% and an in vitro DMD of 67.6%, equivalent to an energy value of 9.5 MJ kg(-1). Assuming an equivalent fibre content and voluntary food intake as grass hay, and no accumulation of other toxic minerals, these nutritive values would be sufficient for maintenance or moderate liveweight gains in dry adult sheep or cattle.
Glochidia ecology in wild fish populations and laboratory determination of competent host fishes for an endemic freshwater mussel of south-western Australia
Publisher: CSIRO Publishing
Date: 2012
DOI: 10.1071/ZO12022
Abstract: Glochidia (parasitic larvae) of freshwater mussels generally require a fish as a host. Westralunio carteri Iredale, 1934 (Bivalvia : Hyriidae), the only freshwater mussel found in south-western Australia, was listed as Vulnerable, but recently changed to Least Concern (International Union for the Conservation of Nature). Glochidia were found on four alien and seven native species of fish from 18 sites in the South West Coast Drainage Division. On alien fishes, prevalence of glochidia ranged from 0.0 to 41.0% and mean intensity (number of glochidia per infested fish) from 1.0 to 6.0, while on native fishes prevalence was 9.2–90.5% and intensity was 2.3–7.1. Glochidia infestation was greatest on benthic fishes, which may be a consequence of greater encounter rates, but other factors, such as host size, probably also influence glochidia prevalence and intensity. Glochidia were generally restricted to fins of infested fish, and were rarely on gills or the body surface. In the laboratory, four native and one alien fish species were found to be competent hosts for their ability to produce juvenile W. carteri, but two alien fish species were not. The inability of some alien fishes to produce juvenile W. carteri could potentially reduce recruitment success in areas dominated by alien fishes.
Environmental risks associated with beneficial end uses of mine lakes in southwestern Australia
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 09-2005
Cryptosporidium in fish: alternative sequencing approaches and analyses at multiple loci to resolve mixed infections
Publisher: Cambridge University Press (CUP)
Date: 14-08-2017
DOI: 10.1017/S0031182017001214
Abstract: Currently, the systematics, biology and epidemiology of piscine Cryptosporidium species are poorly understood. Here, we compared Sanger ‒ and next-generation ‒ sequencing (NGS), of piscine Cryptosporidium , at the 18S rRNA and actin genes. The hosts comprised 11 ornamental fish species, spanning four orders and eight families. The objectives were: to (i) confirm the rich genetic ersity of the parasite and the high frequency of mixed infections and (ii) explore the potential of NGS in the presence of complex genetic mixtures. By Sanger sequencing, four main genotypes were obtained at the actin locus, while for the 18S locus, seven genotypes were identified. At both loci, NGS revealed frequent mixed infections, consisting of one highly dominant variant plus substantially rarer genotypes. Both sequencing methods detected novel Cryptosporidium genotypes at both loci, including a novel and highly abundant actin genotype that was identified by both Sanger sequencing and NGS. Importantly, this genotype accounted for 68·9% of all NGS reads from all s les (249 585/362 372). The present study confirms that aquarium fish can harbour a large and unexplored Cryptosporidium genetic ersity. Although commonly used in molecular parasitology studies, nested PCR prevents quantitative comparisons and thwarts the advantages of NGS, when this latter approach is used to investigate multiple infections.
Niche construction: evolutionary implications for parasites and hosts
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 04-2015
Abstract: Organisms can determine the environment they experience through the process of niche construction. This may have important evolutionary consequences by exposing them to new selection pressures, producing a faster response to selection, and building suites of coadapted traits. Traits of the parasite which influence the likelihood of encountering different host environments, or which change the host environment, can be regarded as niche construction traits, as can traits of the host which influence the likelihood of the host being infected by parasites. A niche construction perspective may provide new insights into the evolution of host arasite interactions this is illustrated with several ex les from the viewpoint of both parasite and host traits.
Morphological and molecular description of Ixodes woyliei n. sp. (Ixodidae) with consideration for co-extinction with its critically endangered marsupial host
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 07-02-2017
Effects of salinisation on riparian plant communities in experimental catchments on the Collie River, Western Australia
Publisher: CSIRO Publishing
Date: 2003
DOI: 10.1071/BT02119
Abstract: Although the salinisation of streams has long been recognised as one of Western Australia's most serious environmental and resource problems, there is very little published information on the effects of salinisation on riparian flora and fauna. We studied riparian vegetation in three experimental catchments on the Collie River in Western Australia. The catchments are situated within a 5-km area of state forest and are geologically and botanically similar, but differ in the extent of clearing, groundwater levels and stream salinity. In each catchment, transects were taken perpendicular to the direction of streamflow, and 4-m2 quadrats taken along each transect. Within each quadrat, soil salinity was measured, all plants were identified to species level and percentage cover estimated. The catchments differed significantly in soil salinity, with salinity being greatest in the most extensively cleared catchment and increasing towards the floor of the valley. Plant-species richness, species ersity and species composition were significantly related to soil salinity, both among catchments and among quadrats within the most extensively cleared catchment. Plant-species richness and ersity decreased with increasing soil salinity, an effect that may be partly due to a decline in perennial herb and shrub species. This may have an impact on other components of the riparian ecosystem.
Confirmation of a unique species of Giardia, parasitic in the quenda (Isoodon obesulus)
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 04-2016
Parasites and ecosystem health
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 06-2005
Species of Echinococcus: Pattern and process
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 12-1996
DOI: 10.1016/S0169-4758(96)10071-5
Abstract: Although classification and nomenclature within the cestode genus Echinococcus has, historically, been controversial, the past 20-30 years have provided a period of relative stability. Recent calls for taxonomic revision in the genus have therefore created something of a stir. In this article, Alan Lymbery and Andrew Thompson describe the reasons for the new controversy, and suggest that the problem can only be resolved by agreement on an appropriate species concept and on operational procedures for implementing that concept.
Systematic identification and characterization of lncRNAs and lncRNA-miRNA-mRNA networks in the liver of turbot (Scophthalmus maximus L.) induced with Vibrio anguillarum
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 12-2022
DOI: 10.1016/J.FSI.2022.09.058
Abstract: Long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs), can regulate mRNA by targeting miRNA in a competing endogenous RNA network, have become a hot topic in the research of fish immune mechanism recent years. While in turbot (Scophthalmus maximus L.), an economically important marine fish, there are limited researches about the role of lncRNAs in its immune response to bacterial infection. In this study, a total of 184 differentially expressed lncRNAs (DElncRNAs) were systematically identified and characterized using whole-transcriptome sequencing of the liver of turbot challenged with Vibrioanguillarum at 0 h (control) and three different time points post infection (2 h, 12 h and 24 h, respectively). Subsequently, GO and KEGG signaling pathways of differentially expressed lncRNAs were analyzed to predict their function. We found that lncRNAs in our results were significantly enriched in several immune-related signaling pathways, including the NOD-like receptor signaling pathway, Toll-like receptor signaling pathway, Cytokine-cytokine receptor, MAPK signaling pathway, phagosome, PPAR signaling pathway and the regulation of autophagy. In addition, a total of 492 DE lncRNA - DE miRNA -DE mRNA networks were identified at three different time points post infection, which were consisted of 102 networks at 2 h, 122 networks at 12 h and 81 networks at 24 h post infection, respectively. Noticeably, 92 of these regulated networks were immune-related. These observations suggested that lncRNAs can regulate the expression of immune-related genes in the response to bacterial infection in turbot. Moreover, our findings would provide a new insight into the immune response of turbot to pathogen infection and lay a foundation for future study.
Helminth-Nematode: Anisakid Nematodes
Publisher: Elsevier
Date: 2013
Streptococcosis a Re-Emerging Disease in Aquaculture: Significance and Phytotherapy
Publisher: MDPI AG
Date: 16-09-2022
DOI: 10.3390/ANI12182443
Abstract: Streptococcosis, particularly that caused by S. iniae and S. agalactiae, is a major re-emerging bacterial disease seriously affecting the global sustainability of aquaculture development. Despite a wide spread of the disease in aquaculture, few studies have been directed at assessing the in vitro antagonistic activity and in vivo efficacy of medicinal herbs and other plants against streptococcal agents. Most in vitro studies of plant extractives against S. iniae and S. agalactiae have found antibacterial activity, but essential oils, especially those containing eugenol, carvacrol or thymol, are more effective. Although essential oils have shown better anti-streptococcal activity in in vitro assays, in vivo bioassays require more attention. The extracts examined under in vivo conditions show moderate efficacy, increasing the survival rate of infected fish, probably through the enhancement of immunity before challenge bioassays. The available data, however, lack dosage optimization, toxicity and bioavailability assays of a specific plant or its bioactive compound in fish organs hence, it is difficult to judge the validation of clinical efficacy for the prevention or treatment of fish streptococcosis. Despite the known bioactive compounds of many tested plants, few data are available on their mode of action towards streptococcal agents. This review addresses the efficacy of medicinal plants to fish streptococcosis and discusses the current gaps.
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