ORCID Profile
0000-0001-8106-7976
Current Organisations
Silver Chain
,
Deakin University
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Research Topics
In Research Link Australia (RLA), "Research Topics" refer to ANZSRC FOR and SEO codes. These topics are either sourced from ANZSRC FOR and SEO codes listed in researchers' related grants or generated by a large language model (LLM) based on their publications.
Top 5 Research Topics
ANZSRC Field of Research (FoR)
Psychology | Social and personality psychology | Applied sociology program evaluation and social impact assessment | Social psychology | Residential Client Care | Health, Clinical And Counselling Psychology | Developmental Psychology And Ageing | Social and Community Psychology
ANZSRC Socio-Economic Objective (SEO)
The aged | Behaviour and Health | Mental health | Expanding Knowledge in Psychology and Cognitive Sciences |
Related Links
Publications
Adjusting to life in a residential aged care facility: Perspectives of people with dementia, family members and facility care staff
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 21-07-2019
DOI: 10.1111/JOCN.14978
Abstract: To determine factors that facilitate or impede adjustment to residential aged care (RAC) from the perspectives of residents with dementia, families of residents with dementia and facility staff. The transition to a RAC facility can be highly stressful for people with dementia and their families, but we lack an understanding of how people with dementia experience this transition. Knowledge on adjustment to the new environment is essential in order to develop procedures and interventions that better support residents. This study consisted of interviews with 12 residents with dementia who had resided at a RAC facility for six months or less 14 family members of RAC residents with dementia and 12 RAC facility staff members. Parallel interview schedules were constructed, with questions on the experience of relocating to RAC for a person with dementia and views on enablers and barriers to successful adjustment. Thematic analysis guided the analysis of data. The study adhered to the consolidated criteria for reporting qualitative research (COREQ) guidelines (see Supplementary File S1). Adjustment to RAC appeared variable, with several residents reporting poor acceptance of their circumstances several months after the relocation. The three groups were largely congruent regarding the importance of support from families and staff, and the development of new relationships with other residents, but not all residents had succeeded in forming friendships. The provision of meaningful activities and opportunities to exert autonomy day-to-day were seen as critical, but staff experienced challenges in providing in idualised care due to lack of dedicated time to engage with residents. There is a need for evaluated interventions to help people with dementia to successfully transition to RAC. Attention should be paid to the way in which care is coordinated within the RAC sector, to enable staff to provide in idualised approaches to facilitate adjustment.
Visits to general practitioners after iron‐related deferrals from blood donation in middle‐aged and older Australian blood donors
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 07-10-2021
DOI: 10.1111/TRF.16701
Abstract: Australian Red Cross Lifeblood (Lifeblood) advises donors to visit their general practitioner (GP) for medical follow‐up if they are deferred from donating due to having a lower than acceptable level of hemoglobin (Hb) and/or serum ferritin (iron‐related deferrals). We used the Sax Institute's 45 and Up Study data linked to Lifeblood's donor datasets and other health administrative datasets. We examined the rate of visits to a GP after iron‐related deferral from donation, and investigated whether an early visit to a GP (within 30 days following the deferral) had an impact on return to make successful donation within 12, 18, and 24 months compared to a delayed or no GP visit. A total of 1928 donors underwent iron‐related deferral. The rate of visits to a GP in the first month after deferral was double the rate observed a month prior. However, only 52.4% of those deferred visited a GP early with slightly more than half of those receiving an iron‐monitoring test. Return to donate over the 24 months was lower in donors visiting their GP early (adjusted Hazard Ratio [aHR] 0.86, 95% CI 0.77–0.97). Early GP visitors were likely to have a relatively poorer health than the delayed or no GP visit group. Only half of the donors with an iron‐related deferral followed advice from Lifeblood and visited their GP within 30 days of deferral, and these donors have a significantly reduced likelihood of future successful blood donation which may be due to their relatively poorer health status.
Views of Greenery and Psychological Well-Being in Residential Aged Care Facilities: Longitudinal Associations
Publisher: SAGE Publications
Date: 22-11-2021
DOI: 10.1177/19375867211059757
Abstract: This study examined associations of objectively measured views of greenery in residential aged care facilities (RACFs) with changes in multiple psychological well-being measures among residents who were newly admitted to RACFs. Data were collected from 52 residents (mean age: 84, 73% women) of 13 RACFs, located in Melbourne, Australia. The outcomes were changes in depression, stress, anxiety, and quality of life (QoL) between baseline and 8-week follow-up. The exposure measures were the amount and presence of greenery visible from participant’s bedroom and common areas (lounge, dining). Greenery was categorized as being either within or beyond the RACF perimeter. Regression analyses found that greenery visible from participant’s bedroom was not associated with any outcomes. The amount of greenery visible from common areas within the RACF perimeter was adversely related to stress, unexpectedly: Each additional 1 m 2 of greenery was associated with a greater increase in stress ( b = 0.05 95% CI [0.07, 0.94]). However, greenery visible from common areas beyond the perimeter contributed favorably to stress and QoL. The presence of such greenery was associated with a lower increase in stress ( b = −3.99 95% CI [−7.75, −0.23] reference: no greenery), and a 1 m 2 increment was associated with a greater increase in QoL ( b = 0.07 95% CI [0.02, 0.11]). Views of greenery outside of the RACF from lounge and dining areas may be protective against residents’ stress increase and improve their QoL. Locating residents in areas with such outdoor views may prevent their psychological condition from worsening.
The psychometric properties, sensitivity and specificity of the geriatric anxiety inventory, hospital anxiety and depression scale, and rating anxiety in dementia scale in aged care residents
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Date: 22-02-2019
DOI: 10.1080/13607863.2018.1439882
Abstract: Limited research has been conducted into the identification of a valid and reliable screening measure for anxiety in aged care settings, despite it being one of the most common psychological conditions. This study aimed to determine an appropriate anxiety screening tool for aged care by comparing the reliability and validity of three commonly used measures and identifying specific cut-offs for the identification of generalized anxiety disorder (GAD). One-hundred and eighty nursing home residents (M age = 85.39 years) completed the GAI, HADS-A, and RAID, along with a structured diagnostic interview. Twenty participants (11.1%) met DSM-5 criteria for GAD. All measures had good psychometric properties , although reliability estimates for the HADS-A were sub-optimal. Privileging sensitivity , the GAI cut-off score of 9 gave sensitivity of 90.0% and specificity of 86.3% HADS-A cut-off of 6 gave sensitivity of 90.0% and specificity of 80.6% and RAID cut-off of 11 gave sensitivity of 85.0% and specificity of 72.5%. While all three measures had adequate reliability, validity, and cut-scores with high levels of sensitivity and specificity to detect anxiety within aged care, the GAI was the most consistently reliable and valid measure for screening for GAD.
A psychological needs-based intervention to facilitate adjustment and improve wellbeing in newly admitted aged care residents: three illustrative case studies
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Date: 09-05-2021
Psychological therapies for depression in older adults residing in long-term care settings
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 20-06-2018
Facilitating donor compliance with strategies to prevent vasovagal reactions: comparison of web‐based and in‐center approaches
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 21-08-2017
DOI: 10.1111/TRF.14243
Abstract: Research has documented beneficial effects of water loading (WL) and applied muscle tension (AMT) on reducing self-reported vasovagal reactions (VVRs) in whole blood (WB) donors. However, the optimal approach to reducing VVRs using these strategies in routine blood collection practice is not known. This study evaluated the effectiveness of embedding newly developed web-based and on-site donor education materials to increase the use of these two prevention techniques during blood collection. Two studies were conducted with WB donors. In Study 1, donors (n = 375) were randomly allocated to evaluate one of three forms of educational materials (video, webpage, card) in an online questionnaire. In Study 2, donors (n = 598) were randomly assigned to view either off-site web-based or in-center educational materials and were surveyed after donation to assess compliance to the VVR prevention procedure and to self-report VVR. In Study 1, donors rated the video as having the highest message appeal and indicated greater likelihood to use AMT compared to the webpage and card. No differences were found in likelihood to use WL. In contrast, in Study 2, greater adherence to VVR prevention strategies was observed in donors who received the in-center instruction card in comparison to those who received the web-based materials. Examination of viewing data indicated that only a small number of donors had seen the web-based materials. No significant effects of the techniques were found on self-reported VVRs. Providing on-site instructions is the most effective method to increase donor compliance to VVR prevention techniques.
Brief on the Role of Psychologists in Residential and Home Care Services for Older Adults
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Date: 12-2017
DOI: 10.1111/AP.12209
Motivators, facilitators, and barriers to blood donation in Australia by people from ethnic minority groups: Perspectives of sub-Saharan African, East/South-East Asian, and Melanesian/Polynesian blood donors
Publisher: SAGE Publications
Date: 19-03-2022
Abstract: With the changing ethnic composition of the Australian population there has been a growing number of patients requiring transfusions of rarer blood types. People from ethnic minority groups are generally less likely to donate blood and this can lead to shortages for some patients from these communities. In this article we report the findings of a qualitative study of ethnic minority blood donors in Australia. We found that many of the motivators, facilitators, and barriers to donation raised by participants have been previously documented for non-ethnic minority donors, such as the desire to help others and the role of knowledge about blood donation. However, for participants these were enmeshed with, and shaped by, their culture and/or minority status. The findings demonstrate the multifaceted and interrelated nature of the motivators, facilitators, and barriers experienced by ethnic minorities to become and remain a blood donor in Australia.
What motivates men to donate blood? A systematic review of the evidence
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 15-12-2018
DOI: 10.1111/VOX.12625
Abstract: Effective recruitment and retention of male donors are vital for the ongoing provision of blood products. Compared with females, male donors are less likely to be medically deferred or experience vasovagal reactions and are typically preferred for plasmapheresis donation in voluntary non-remunerated settings. However, females outnumber males among donors aged under 40 years. This systematic review aimed to synthesize evidence and identify key motivators for blood donation among males to inform targeted recruitment/retention c aigns. Databases (e.g. EBSCOhost, Web of Science) were searched using terms (dona* OR dono*) AND (blood OR aphaeresis OR apheresis OR plasma* OR platelet* OR platlet*) in title AND (male OR gender OR sex OR female) AND (motivat* OR intention OR attitude OR behavi* OR predictor OR barrier OR deter*) NOT (organ OR sperm OR tissue OR autologous OR oocyte) in text. Two researchers independently systematically scanned quantitative, full-text, English language, peer-reviewed publications from 1990 to 2015 that examined males/females separately with outcomes of blood donation or self-reported intention. Two additional researchers resolved discrepancies. Among 28 identified articles, the most frequently cited motivators for male blood product donation were as follows: altruism positive attitude towards incentives health check(s) subjective norms. Altruism was less pronounced among males compared with females and was combined with 'warm glow' in novice males (impure altruism). Perceived health benefits and incentives (e.g. coffee mugs) were stronger motivators of males than females. Marketing c aigns for recruitment/retention of male donors should focus on identified motivators rather than take a 'one-size-fits-all' approach.
Organizational factors related to the confidence of workers in working with residents with dementia or depression in aged care facilities
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Date: 15-12-2015
DOI: 10.1080/13607863.2015.1118011
Abstract: There has been limited research examining how organizational factors are associated with the level of confidence of residential aged care staff in managing both residents' depression and the behavioural and psychological symptoms of residents with dementia (BPSD). This study investigated this issue. A cross-sectional study design was employed. In total, 255 aged care staff (131 senior staff, 124 junior staff) from 21 residential care facilities participated in the study. All staff completed measures of self-efficacy in managing BPSD as well as confidence in working with older people with depression. They also completed measures of organizational climate (autonomy, cohesion, trust, pressure, support, recognition, fairness and encouragement of innovation) and measures of workplace experience (job role, number of years working in aged care facilities), job stress and satisfaction, and knowledge of depression. The results demonstrated that autonomy, trust, support, and job stress were associated with confidence in managing BPSD, while the factors related to confidence in managing depression were autonomy, support, job stress, job satisfaction, and knowledge of depression. These findings highlight that organizational climate factors need to be addressed in order to increase staff confidence in managing BPSD and depression. In particular, the findings demonstrate the importance of fostering organizational environments in which autonomy is promoted and there is support and cooperation among aged care staff. Attention to these factors is likely to increase the confidence of staff as they carry out their carer role.
Organizational factors associated with readiness for change in residential aged care settings
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 02-2018
Still willing and able to contribute: donor perspectives on donating blood in later life
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 15-04-2021
DOI: 10.1111/VOXS.12634
Abstract: With greater numbers of Australians living longer with healthier lives, older adults could make a greater contribution to whole‐blood and plasma donor panels. Understanding the experiences and attitudes of middle‐aged to older Australians towards blood donation may provide opportunities to develop strategies to engage, recruit and retain older donors. Semi‐structured interviews were conducted with 34 donors aged 50 and over with ersity of donation experiences and age at which they first donated. The interviews focussed on becoming and remaining a donor, donating in later life and intentions to continue donating. For some older people, being a blood donor is an important social role associated with a sense of themselves as healthy, knowledgeable and able to make a valuable contribution to the community. The majority of participants believed that age should not be a barrier to continued donation and that eligibility should be based on health and not age. Older donors intend to continue to donate for as long as they are eligible or until they perceive themselves ineligible. Recommendations are provided for strategies to engage with older donors.
Environmental mastery and depression in older adults in residential care
Publisher: Cambridge University Press (CUP)
Date: 02-2011
DOI: 10.1017/S0144686X1000142X
Abstract: This study investigated the association between environmental mastery and depression in a s le of 96 older adults (aged 64–98 years) in residential care. The participants completed a scale that assessed depression along with measures for risk factors for depression such as functional capacity, self-evaluated physical health, bereavement experiences and environmental mastery. The results showed that 49 per cent of the variance in participants' scores in depression could be attributed to their self-reported level of environmental mastery. Given the complexity of depression and the likelihood of reduced environmental mastery among older adults in residential care, the construct was further assessed as a mediating variable between the risk factors and depression. With environmental mastery taken as such, the explained variance in depression increased to 56 per cent. It was concluded that environmental mastery may be one of the more important factors affecting the mental health of older adults living in residential care and that strategies for increasing the residents' environmental mastery are important to their psychological wellbeing. The discussion notes that among the questions needing further investigation are whether older adults who experience high environmental mastery make the transition from community living to residential nursing home care more successfully than others, and whether perceived mastery diminishes over time or occurs at the point of transition from community independent living to dependent supported living.
Understanding donation frequency: insights from current plasma donors
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 17-12-2020
DOI: 10.1111/VOX.12861
Abstract: Encouraging existing plasma donors to donate more frequently is a key objective for blood donation services committed to expanding yield through voluntary non-remunerated plasmapheresis donation. This requires an understanding of donors' perspectives on their current donation practice and how this relates to their knowledge and beliefs about the need for plasma. To explore this, Australian plasma donors were interviewed about how they arrived at the frequency at which they donate. Semi-structured telephone interviews were conducted with 105 Australian plasmapheresis donors. Key themes identified were as follows: fitting donation into busy lives and how ideas about being an ongoing donor and the institutional context shaped their perspective on frequency perceptions of the impact of donation on health and wanting to make a greater contribution. Experienced plasma donors work to maintain a donation practice in the context of busy lives often by adopting a flexible approach to donation frequency. Their knowledge of the contribution their donations make is key to their continued donation, yet most identified constraints to donating more frequently. Health concerns were a particular concern for some, and more research is needed to understand donors' perspectives on the impact of donating on their health.
Understanding, predicting and influencing blood donation: an introduction to the special issue on donor behaviour
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 05-0009
DOI: 10.1111/VOXS.12637
Anxiety Disorders
Publisher: Cambridge University Press
Date: 21-06-2019
Abstract: A concise and up-to-date text on the mental health of older people, this second edition is fully updated to reflect changes in technology, competency-based training, guidelines, law and treatments. Each chapter sits alone as an informative, readable and helpful resource for a range of health care professionals. Together the chapters form an essential text that contributes to the rising standards in old age psychiatry. With practical guidelines on clinical management, this edition also includes new sections on topics such as palliative care and migrant health, all written by a global authorship, considering international perspectives. Targeted at qualified and trainee consultant psychiatrists, this text is also useful to other doctors, medical students and healthcare professionals who work with older people.
Comparison between live and photographed slit lamp grading of corneal staining
Publisher: Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)
Date: 03-2015
Risk Factors for Depression in Long-term Care: A Prospective Observational Cohort Study
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Date: 02-07-2019
Warming up cool cooperators
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 14-09-2023
Relationships between men's and women's body image and their psychological, social, and sexual functioning
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 04-2005
Offering new and returned donors the option to give plasma: implications for donor retention and donor adverse events
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 23-07-2020
DOI: 10.1111/VOX.12977
Organizational climate and self-efficacy as predictors of staff strain in caring for dementia residents: A mediation model
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 09-2016
DOI: 10.1016/J.ARCHGER.2016.05.006
Abstract: To date, no research has investigated how the organizational climate of aged care influences the self-efficacy of staff in caring for residents with dementia, or, how self-efficacy is associated with the strain experienced by staff. This study sought to investigate the extent to which the self-efficacy of aged care staff mediates the association between organizational climate variables (such as autonomy, trusting and supportive workplace relations, and the recognition of competence and ability, and perceptions of workplace pressure) and staff strain. A cross-sectional survey design was implemented in which 255 residential aged care staff recruited across aged care facilities in Melbourne, Australia. Staff completed self-report measures of organizational climate, self-efficacy, and strains in caring for residents with dementia. Indirect effects analyses using bootstrapping indicated that self-efficacy of staff mediated the association between the organizational climate variables of autonomy, trust, support, pressure, and staff strain. The findings of this study emphasize that the aged care sector needs to target organizational climate variables that enhance the self-efficacy of staff, and that this in turn, can help ameliorate the strain experienced by staff caring for residents experiencing dementia.
Controlled trial of dementia training with a peer support group for aged care staff
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 2007
DOI: 10.1002/GPS.1754
Abstract: This study evaluated the impact of an eight-session training program for aged care staff in managing dementia-related challenging behaviours. Participation in the training program with an additional five-session peer support group was compared with both participation in training only and a wait-list control condition. Outcomes were evaluated for 90 participating staff members and 113 residents with challenging behaviours from six aged care facilities. Measures of staff attitudes and the behaviours of staff and residents were collected pre- and post-intervention, and at six month follow-up. Staff members in both dementia training groups reported improved attitudes regarding their knowledge and skills in managing residents with challenging behaviours, immediately after the training and six months later. Facility supervisors rated the nursing performance of trained staff more positively, particularly those who participated in a peer support group. The dementia training programs, whether with or without the inclusion of peer support, did not impact on levels of staff burnout or substantially reduce the level of challenging behaviours among aged care residents. While training programs may impact positively on staff performance, organisational characteristics of aged care facilities, including low levels of management support for staff training initiatives, limit the potential outcomes. Methodological limitations are discussed.
Emotions experienced when receiving a temporary deferral: perspectives from staff and donors
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 14-10-2018
DOI: 10.1111/VOXS.12463
Knowledge of late-life depression: An empirical investigation of aged care staff
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Date: 07-2009
DOI: 10.1080/13607860902774428
Abstract: This study examined knowledge of late-life depression among staff working in residential and community aged care settings, as well as their previous training in caring for older people with depression. A s le of 320 aged care staff (mean age = 42 years) completed a survey questionnaire. Participants included direct care staff, registered nurses and Care Managers from nursing and residential homes and community aged care services. Less than half of the participating aged care staff had received any training in depression, with particularly low rates in residential care. Although aware of the importance of engaging with depressed care recipients and demonstrating moderate knowledge of the symptoms of depression, a substantial proportion of staff members saw depression as a natural consequence of bereavement, aging or relocation to aged care. Experience in aged care appears to be insufficient for staff to develop high levels of knowledge of depression. Specific training in depression is recommended for staff working in aged care settings in order to improve the detection and management of late-life depression, particularly among direct carers, who demonstrated least knowledge of this common disorder.
An Australian trial of the effectiveness of a discount reward to increase plasma donor retention and frequency of donation
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 03-2021
DOI: 10.1111/VOXS.12625
Abstract: Encouraging existing plasma donors to donate more frequently is a key objective for blood collection organizations committed to improving plasma self‐sufficiency through voluntary non‐remunerated donations. The aim of this paper is to present results from a pilot trial testing whether an in‐centre discount voucher reward could increase retention and donation frequency among new and repeat plasma donors. A s le of n = 1242 new and repeat plasma donors who presented to donate at the Civic Plasma Donor Centre in Canberra, Australia, over a 14‐week period participated in the trial. Of this group, n = 253 were offered a discount voucher for a local cafe (intervention group) and n = 989 received the business as usual approach in the donor centre (control group). The subsequent donation behaviour of participants was monitored over three months. Overall, 69·6% accepted the discount voucher, with 18·2% of those redeeming it. Those who accepted the voucher were younger and less experienced plasma donors. The intervention did not significantly increase the likelihood of return to donate compared to the control group however, it did reduce the time to return to donate plasma. The overall rate of donation within 3 months was also significantly higher for donors who were offered the incentive than for the control group. Declining the offer did not negatively impact donors’ return behaviour. This paper provides new insights around strategies to increase plasma donation frequency, as well as donor response to introducing a discount voucher reward within a voluntary non‐remunerated donation system.
Risk Factors for Depression in Long-Term Care: A Systematic Review
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Date: 06-07-2019
DOI: 10.1080/07317115.2018.1490371
Abstract: Depression rates are substantially higher among older adults in long-term care when compared with older adults in the community. Furthermore, the needs of older adults in long-term care are increasingly complex, and risk factors that contribute to depression in this population are unclear. This limits not only the identification of those at risk for depression but also the development of therapeutic interventions. This review summarizes the evidence on risk factors for depression. Searches were performed using CINAHL, Cochrane Library, Ovid Medline, PsycINFO and Scopus for research published 1980-2017. Data were reported in accordance with the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) statement. Eleven studies met the inclusion criteria, representing a total of 11,703 participants, with a mean s le size of 1,064. The most consistently supported risk factor was cognitive impairment, followed by functional impairment and baseline depression score. The studies lacked a systematic approach to investigating risk factors for depression, and the research remains largely atheoretical. Few risk factors were consistently studied, with over 20 risk factors examined no more than once each. Psychological and environmental risk factors, which may be modifiable and have the potential to inform therapeutic interventions and preventative strategies, remain under-studied. The most consistently supported risk factors-cognitive impairment, functional disability and baseline depression score-have the potential to inform screening protocols and should be monitored longitudinally. When developing psychotherapeutic interventions, close consideration should be given to cognitive and functional impairment as barriers to implementation and uptake.
Completeness and accuracy of self-reported history of blood donation: results from a cohort of older adults in Australia
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 30-10-2019
DOI: 10.1111/TRF.14986
Abstract: The validity of studies relying on self-report of blood donation may be severely threatened by systematic errors. We linked the Sax Institute's 45 and Up Study data, which asked self-report of blood and plasma donation including the date of most recent donation to the blood donor database at the Australian Red Cross Blood Service. We used the linked data to validate the accuracy of self-reported blood donation history including the completeness and accuracy of reported date of most recent donation. Of the total 142,503 participants, 47.8 and 5.1% reported ever donating blood and plasma, respectively. Of those self-reporting blood donation (n = 23,113) and plasma donation (n = 4,451) within the last 10 years of survey, 6262 (27.1%) and 1444 (33.0%) had no record of donation within that period, respectively. Among those who had a record of blood and plasma donation within 10 years before the survey, 97.6 and 93.0% correctly self-reported ever donating blood and plasma, respectively. Donors consistently reported a donation date more recent than the actual recorded date, and the median discrepancy and variability increased as the length of time from the survey date to the actual date of donation increased. Almost 98% of donors donating blood within a decade of survey completion date can correctly self-report their history of donation as ever donating blood, whereas 27% of participants self-reporting donation within a decade may not have actually donated blood. Further, self-reported date of blood donation is not a reliable measure of actual date of donation.
Characteristics of Cognitive Behavioral Therapy for Older Adults Living in Residential Care: Protocol for a Systematic Review (Preprint)
Publisher: JMIR Publications Inc.
Date: 21-01-2018
Abstract: he prevalence rates of depressive and anxiety disorders are high in residential aged care settings. Older adults in such settings might be prone to these disorders because of losses associated with transitioning to residential care, uncertainty about the future, as well as a decline in personal autonomy, health, and cognition. Cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) is efficacious in treating late-life depression and anxiety. However, there remains a dearth of studies examining CBT in residential settings compared with community settings. Typically, older adults living in residential settings have higher care needs than those living in the community. To date, no systematic reviews have been conducted on the content and the delivery characteristics of CBT for older adults living in residential aged care settings. he objective of this paper is to describe the systematic review protocol on the characteristics of CBT for depression and/or anxiety for older adults living in residential aged care settings. his protocol was developed in compliance with the recommendations of the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis Protocols (PRISMA-P). Studies that fulfill the inclusion criteria will be identified by systematically searching relevant electronic databases, reference lists, and citation indexes. In addition, the PRISMA flowchart will be used to record the selection process. A pilot-tested data collection form will be used to extract and record data from the included studies. Two reviewers will be involved in screening the titles and abstracts of retrieved records, screening the full text of potentially relevant reports, and extracting data. Then, the delivery and content characteristics of different CBT programs of the included studies, where available, will be summarized in a table. Furthermore, the Downs and Black checklist will be used to assess the methodological quality of the included studies. ystematic searches will commence in May 2018, and data extraction is expected to commence in July 2018. Data analyses and writing will happen in October 2018. n this section, the limitations of the systematic review will be outlined. Clinical implications for treating late-life depression and/or anxiety, and implications for residential care facilities will be discussed. ROSPERO 42017080113 www.crd.york.ac.uk/PROSPERO/display_record.php?RecordID=80113 (Archived by WebCite at 0dV4Qf54) R1-10.2196/9902
Evaluation of the impact of a personalized postdonation short messaging service on the retention of whole blood donors
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 28-12-2018
DOI: 10.1111/TRF.14463
Abstract: Short messaging service (SMS) is routinely used by blood collection agencies to remind donors about appointments but has been applied less frequently in interventions to increase return behavior. This study aimed to investigate whether receipt of a personalized postdonation SMS promoted donor retention. A postdonation SMS was sent to 2605 whole blood donors who had donated at one of six donor centers in Australia from April to July 2015 and left without making a forward appointment. Once their donation was dispatched to a hospital or facility an SMS was sent informing the donor of the hospital or town to which their blood was dispatched. Donor's return behavior over 12 months was examined, comparing with a control group of donors who donated at the same donor centers but did not receive an SMS. Donors who received the SMS had increased odds of returning to donate within 12 months, with 70.3% of these donors returning (adjusted odds ratio, 1.49 95% confidence interval, 1.30-1.71), compared with 62.6% of donors who did not receive the SMS. The SMS was effective in retaining first-time, novice, and established donors at 12 months, but had no effect on experienced donors. The timing of the receipt of the SMS postdonation had no impact on donor retention. This study highlights the potential of utilizing a postdonation SMS that informs donors where their blood has been dispatched as a cost-effective tool to increase retention, particularly among new donors, who are traditionally more difficult to retain.
Assessing Residents’ Perceptions of Their Relocation to Long-Term Care: Psychometric Validation of the View of Relocation Scale
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 2021
DOI: 10.1016/J.JAMDA.2021.06.014
Abstract: Relocation to long-term care is a major challenge for older people. The View of Relocation Scale (VRS) was developed to address the need for a brief instrument to assess residents' perceptions of the relocation. Secondary analysis of data collected in a cluster randomized trial. The psychometric properties of the VRS examined in this study included factorial structure (using exploratory factor analysis), unidimensionality (Rasch modeling), internal consistency reliability (Kuder-Richardson Formula 20, squared multiple correlations, and item-total correlations), and known groups validity (analysis of variance). The results were used to identify the psychometrically most robust items for inclusion into the final version of the instrument. Participants were 202 long-term care residents in Melbourne, Australia (mean age = 85.52 years, standard deviation = 7.33), who had relocated to the facility a mean of 4.4 weeks previously. Residents with moderately severe and severe dementia were excluded. The VRS was developed following a review of the literature describing residents' views of relocation and was designed for administration shortly after their relocation. There was support for a 2-factor, 10-item solution, with separate subscales assessing Perceived Control (degree of control in the decision making and planning for the relocation) and Perceived Need (perceived need for the relocation to long-term care). Participants who were admitted directly from hospital reported higher perceived need but lower perceived control than those admitted to the facility from home. The VRS can be used to understand the impact of older people's perceptions of relocation to long-term care on their subsequent adjustment and well-being, and to identify those who may benefit from tailored support.
The prevalence, reporting, and treatment of anxiety among older adults in nursing homes and other residential aged care facilities
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 02-2018
DOI: 10.1016/J.JAD.2017.11.029
Abstract: Little is known about anxiety in aged care populations, despite its increase in this frail population. This study investigated the prevalence, recording, and treatment rate of anxiety disorders among aged care residents. A cross-sectional, observational design was used to assess 180 elderly residents from 12 aged care facilities in Melbourne, Australia. Participants were assessed for threshold and subthreshold anxiety disorders and comorbid depression using the MINI for DSM-5. Medical files were also reviewed to determine whether there was any indication that anxiety had previously been detected, and what treatment those with a threshold/subthreshold diagnosis were receiving. Overall prevalence of threshold and subthreshold anxiety disorders was 19.4% and 11.7%, respectively. Generalized anxiety disorder was the most common threshold disorder and agoraphobia was the most prevalent subthreshold anxiety disorder. While less than half of those with a threshold or subthreshold anxiety disorder had an indication of anxiety in their file, the majority received psychotropic medication. Cognitive impairment was not significantly associated with the prevalence or treatment of anxiety. The prevalence of threshold and subthreshold anxiety in aged care settings is high, but remains under-reported by staff and GPs. Facility staff and GPs should ensure they are aware of how anxiety presents in elderly residents and routinely screen for this common mental health issue. This cohort had poor access to psychological treatments for their condition.
Contrastive focus-marking and nominalization in Northern Kampa (Arawak) of Peru
Publisher: John Benjamins Publishing Company
Date: 24-06-2016
Abstract: This study examines the interaction of contrastive focus-marking with nominalization in bisected contrastive focus constructions of Alto Perené, a K a Arawak language of Peru. It also investigates morphosyntactic means of contrastive focus-marking in two neighboring K a languages, Ashéninka Pichis and Ashaninka Tambo. The languages are shown to employ various focus-marking strategies. The Alto Perené polar (truth value) focus construction shows a preference for nominalizing a lexical verb. In Ashaninka Tambo, the expression of polar and modal operator focus (the latter attested in negated clauses) does not require nominalization of the lexical verb, but in clefted content and polar questions and affirmative declarative clauses, nominalization is mandatory for the purpose of argument focusing. In Ashéninka Pichis, the argument focus-marking strategies include the syntactic movement of the focus constituent to the preverbal focus position and either an elision of the subject index on the verb, or inflecting the verb for stative aspect.
The Management of Depressed Elderly Care Recipients: Family Perspectives on the Skills of Professional Carers
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Date: 13-02-2008
DOI: 10.1080/07370010701836401
Abstract: Recent studies have identified high levels of depression among older people, both those in their own homes and those in residential care. With the world's population ageing, it is timely for health service providers to consider how the escalating population of depressed elderly people will be managed. Although treating general practitioners may be the health professionals most expected to detect, treat, and monitor depression among the elderly, professional carers are well placed to assist in the detection and monitoring of the disorder. This study conducted in idual interviews with 15 family members of depressed aged-care recipients to determine their perceptions of the skills and knowledge of depression of professional carers. Family members reported that carers are more likely to avoid than engage with their clients about depressive symptomatology and do not communicate their concerns with managers or general practitioners (GPs). Family members believed that, in general, professional carers were undertrained in these areas. The implications of these findings for health service planning and staff training are discussed.
A cluster randomised trial of the program to enhance adjustment to residential living (PEARL): A novel psychological intervention to reduce depression in newly admitted aged care residents
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 12-03-2020
DOI: 10.1186/S12877-020-1492-5
Abstract: Depression rates are high in residential aged care (RAC) facilities, with newly admitted residents at particular risk. New approaches to address depression in this population are urgently required, particularly psychological interventions suitable for widespread use across the RAC sector. The Program to Enhance Adjustment to Residential Living (PEARL) is a brief intervention, designed to provide in idually tailored care approaches to meet the psychological needs of newly admitted residents, delivered in collaboration with facility staff. PEARL will be evaluated using a cluster randomised controlled design, comparing outcomes for residents who participate in the intervention with those residing in care as usual control facilities. Participants are RAC residents aged 60 years or above, with normal cognition or mild-moderate cognitive impairment, who relocated to the facility within the previous 4 weeks. The primary outcomes are depressive symptoms and disorders, with secondary outcomes including anxiety, stress, quality of life, adjustment to RAC, and functional dependence, analysed on an intention to treat basis using multilevel modelling. PEARL is an intervention based on self-determination theory, designed to reduce depression in newly admitted residents by tailoring day to day care to meet their psychological needs. This simple psychological approach offers an alternative care model to the current over-reliance of antidepressant medications. ACTRN12616001726448 Registered 16 December 2016 with the Australian New Zealand Clinical Trials Registry.
Improving the donation experience and reducing venipuncture pain by addressing fears among whole‐blood and plasma donors
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 26-04-2021
DOI: 10.1111/TRF.16407
Abstract: Fear of blood donation is implicated in vasovagal reactions, donor recruitment, and retention. This study examined the extent to which fear among donors is associated with various donor outcomes in an Australian s le, and whether fear can be addressed on‐site to reduce adverse reactions and improve the donation experience. Six hundred and sixty‐four donors (age M = 33.4, SD = 12.7 55% female) participated in a two‐center, pragmatic, parallel group, in idually randomized controlled trial. Following donor registration and consent, whole‐blood (n = 539) and plasma (n = 125) donors were assigned to one of four Conditions: control fear assessment fear assessment + brochure fear assessment + brochure + tailored conversation focused on any self‐reported fear and coping strategies. Post‐donation questionnaires assessed the donors' experience including positive support, donor self‐efficacy, anxiety, fear, venipuncture pain, and vasovagal reactions. Fear among donors predicted higher venipuncture pain, post‐donation anxiety, and vasovagal reactions and remained significant after controlling for other established predictors (i.e., total estimated blood volume, age, sex, and donation experience). Mediational analyses showed that exposure to brochures (with or without the tailored conversation) was associated with less pain, with this effect mediated by donor perceptions of more positive support. Venipuncture pain was also associated with vasovagal reactions, reduced likelihood of return within 6 months, and less satisfaction with the donation experience. The current results underline the importance of interventions to address fear among both whole‐blood and plasma donors to secure the safety and well‐being of donors and the blood supply.
A clinician's quick guide of evidence-based approaches: Psychological treatments for depression and anxiety with older adults living in residential aged care facilities
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Date: 07-2020
DOI: 10.1111/CP.12229
The prevalence of anxiety among older adults in nursing homes and other residential aged care facilities: A systematic review
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 09-11-2016
DOI: 10.1002/GPS.4378
Abstract: To synthesize and summarize the studies examining the prevalence rate of anxiety disorders and symptoms in older adults living in residential aged care. Using the PRISMA guidelines, five electronic databases were searched using key terms and subject headings, as well as reference lists of relevant papers. The search was limited to literature published in English. Eligible studies examined the prevalence of anxiety disorders or symptoms in aged care residents aged 50+ years. A total of 2249 articles were identified, of which 18 studies (with a total of 5927 participants) were included in this review. The rate of overall anxiety disorders ranged from 3.2% to 20%, with the highest quality studies estimating a prevalence rate of 5% to 5.7%. Generalized anxiety disorder and specific phobias were found to be the most common anxiety disorders among aged care residents, while clinically significant anxiety symptoms were found to be more frequent (6.5% to 58.4%) than threshold disorders. Anxiety disorders and anxiety symptoms are common in older aged care residents. Given the paucity and overall quality of research examining anxiety within this population and the heterogeneity found in studies, further research is needed to help clarify this issue.
The Factors Associated With Anxiety Symptom Severity in Older Adults Living in Nursing Homes and Other Residential Aged Care Facilities
Publisher: SAGE Publications
Date: 21-04-2019
Abstract: Objective: This study aimed to identify the biopsychosocial factors associated with anxiety among a residential aged care s le. Method: A total of 178 residents ( M age = 85.4 years, SD = 7.4 years) with mild cognitive impairment or normal cognition participated. Participants completed the Geriatric Anxiety Inventory (GAI) and a set of measures assessing cognition, depression, self-perceived health, mastery, attachment, perceived social support, social engagement, functional status, the experience of a fall, and other negative life events. Results: Unique correlates of GAI scores were depression, a preoccupied attachment style, lower mastery, cognitive impairment, and lower self-perceived health. Discussion: Most correlates that were uniquely associated with anxiety had little to do with the current environment. More variance was accounted for by stable and lifelong factors. This provides new insights into the characteristics of anxiety within aged care populations, and although preliminary, provides possible targets to prevent and treat anxiety within this setting.
Assessing the impact of an automated Web‐based motivational interview on the intention and return behavior of Australian O‐negative donors
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 23-12-2021
DOI: 10.1111/TRF.16234
Intentions to Quit Work Among Care Staff Working in the Aged Care Sector
Publisher: Oxford University Press (OUP)
Date: 07-03-2012
Abstract: The aged care industry experiences high rates of staff turnover. Staff turnover has significant implications for the quality of care provided to care recipients and the financial costs to care agencies. In this study, we applied a model of intention to quit to identify the contextual and personal factors that shape aged care staff's intention to quit. A s le of 208 aged care staff, including nurses, personal care assistants, allied health professionals, and managers completed a self-report questionnaire. The questionnaire assessed intention to quit, organizational commitment, job satisfaction, self-esteem, stressors, stress, and supervisor support. The findings largely supported the model. Specifically, job commitment, job satisfaction, and work stressors directly influenced intentions to quit, although work stressors and supervisor support demonstrated numerous indirect associations on quitting intentions. The findings suggest that aged care service providers can modify aged care workers' intentions to quit by reducing job stressors and increasing supervisor support.
Biopsychosocial factors related to depression in aged care residents
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 12-2012
DOI: 10.1016/J.JAD.2012.05.019
Abstract: While depression is common in residential aged care settings, there is an absence of research into factors that may be associated with this condition. This pilot study examined the relationship between depression and multiple biopsychosocial factors among residents of aged care facilities. Participants were 50 aged care residents with a diagnosis of major depressive disorder, based on a clinical assessment using the SCID-I, and a matched s le of 50 residents without depression. The s le consisted of 80 women and 20 men without significant cognitive impairment, with a mean age of 83.0 years (SD=7.2 years). Participants completed a diagnostic interview with a clinical psychologist to determine the presence or absence of a mood disorder, and a set of scales related to demographics, depressive symptoms, physical health, functional disability, religiosity, and psychological wellbeing. The unique predictors of scores on the Geriatric Depression Scale-15 were environmental mastery, purpose in life, and autonomy. These three variables discriminated between participants with and without a diagnosis of MDD with 80% accuracy. Findings were limited by the cross-sectional methodology and small s le size of cognitively intact English-speaking aged care residents. Replication is required with a prospective longitudinal design with a broader s le of residents. Psychological variables were more important in understanding depression among aged care residents than traditional risk factors such as medical illness and disability. While preliminary, these findings highlight possible targets to prevent and treat depression in aged care settings.
Guiding the development and implementation of interventions in transfusion medicine: The intervention mapping protocol
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 22-08-2021
DOI: 10.1111/TRF.16632
Adolescent body image and psychosocial functioning
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Date: 02-2006
Bringing new plasma donors back: testing the efficacy of telephone and e-mail communications with first-time donors
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 22-04-2020
DOI: 10.1111/TRF.15787
Treatment of depression in low-level residential care facilities for the elderly
Publisher: Cambridge University Press (CUP)
Date: 23-04-2007
Facilitating Staff Adoption of New Policies and Procedures in Aged Care Through Training for Readiness for Change
Publisher: SAGE Publications
Date: 03-09-2020
Abstract: This study examined whether training staff in preparation for organizational changes, such as the implementation of new practices, can increase levels of change readiness in residential aged care. Four aspects of organizational readiness were compared across time and between training and control conditions. Participants ( n = 129) were employed in eight residential aged care facilities in Australia. Survey data were collected at four time-points: preintervention and three postintervention time-points. The two conditions (training and control) differed significantly from one another on the subscales of appropriateness, personal valence, and efficacy postintervention but not at preintervention. The finding of support diminishing at 6 month and 12 months following the intervention for the training group was unexpected. The findings suggest that within aged care facilities, training in change processes may enhance an organization’s readiness for change, and booster training may be needed to help to sustain all aspects of change readiness over time.
Reduced risk of vasovagal reactions in Australian whole blood donors after national implementation of applied muscle tension and water loading
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 13-02-2020
DOI: 10.1111/TRF.15701
Physical Attractiveness
Publisher: Elsevier
Date: 2011
Metrics of the normal cornea: Anterior segment imaging with the Visante OCT
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Date: 05-2010
Detecting and Managing Depressed Patients: Palliative Care Nurses' Self-Efficacy and Perceived Barriers to Care
Publisher: Mary Ann Liebert Inc
Date: 04-2012
Abstract: Depression is a highly prevalent yet under-recognized and under-treated psychiatric illness in patients receiving palliative care. Nurses are the front-line health care professionals in these settings and are well-positioned to detect depressive symptoms and initiate pathways to care. Previous research suggests, however, that nurses' confidence and skills in relation to this task are low, and there appear to be a number of barriers within these settings that may impede nurses' engagement in this process. To further investigate these factors, a quantitative study was carried out with 69 palliative care nurses from three palliative care services in Australia. A number of issues were identified, including the need for further training in the signs and symptoms of depression, issues around discussing depression with patients and their family members, and difficulty differentiating depressive symptoms from grief. These findings provide insight into specific areas in which palliative care nurses would benefit from further training to improve detection rates for depression in this vulnerable population.
Depression among older people with cognitive impairment: prevalence and detection
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 2006
DOI: 10.1002/GPS.1538
Abstract: Past research has demonstrated that there is a high level of depression among older people, particularly for those with cognitive impairment and those in residential care. The current study was designed to determine the prevalence of depression among older people in hostels with cognitive impairment using a structured diagnostic interview. A further aim was to determine an appropriate screening instrument to detect depression within this population. It was also designed to evaluate the extent to which depression among these older people had previously been detected. Five commonly used depression scales were administered and compared to the results of the diagnostic interview. The results demonstrated that 38.9% of older people were diagnosed with depression, but that only 50% of these people had been previously diagnosed with this disorder. All scales showed some level of validity to detect depression. The implications of these findings for our understanding of depression among older people with cognitive impairment are discussed.
Barriers to the Detection and Management of Depression by Palliative Care Professional Carers Among Their Patients: Perspectives From Professional Carers and Patients' Family Members
Publisher: SAGE Publications
Date: 02-03-2012
Abstract: Clinical depression is highly prevalent yet underdetected and poorly managed within palliative care settings. This qualitative study explored the identification, monitoring, and management of symptoms of depression in patients receiving palliative care from 2 juxtaposed perspectives that are of care providers and care recipients' family members. Examining the barriers that restrict professional carers detecting and managing depression in their patients was a central focus of the study. Focus groups were held with 18 professional carers, including 8 holding managerial positions, across 2 palliative care services, 1 regional and 1 metropolitan, which provided both inpatient and community-based care. In idual interviews were conducted with 10 family members of patients who had received or were receiving palliative care through these services. Thematic analysis of these data identified that both professional carers and family members perceived that depression is a wide-spread concern for patients receiving palliative care however, numerous barriers were identified that affect professional carers’ ability to identify depression. These included knowledge and training deficits, low self-efficacy, prioritization of physical concerns and time constraints, patient/family characteristics, and system rocess issues. These themes (and related subthemes) are discussed in this article. Specialized training in depression is recommended for professional carers in order to improve their depression-related knowledge, detection skills, and self-efficacy. The ultimate goal of such training is to increase the rate of recognition of depression that in turn will lead to appropriate treatment for depressed patients.
Deferred and deterred: a review of literature on the impact of deferrals on blood donors
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 28-08-2020
DOI: 10.1111/VOXS.12520
Abstract: Potential blood donors can be deferred due to concerns about the impact of the donation on their health or the safety of the blood supply. To date, we lack a comprehensive review of the impact of deferrals on donors and how to mitigate adverse effects. The aim of this review was to describe the available literature on deferrals, with a focus on the impact of deferrals on donors’ subsequent behaviour, potential reasons for impact and the effectiveness of strategies to improve deferral processes and facilitate donor return. A narrative review of the literature on blood donation deferrals was undertaken. Deferral rates vary widely across different contexts, with female, younger, first time and minority donors more likely to be ineligible to donate. There is clear evidence that deferrals impact on future donation behaviour, particularly for those deferred at their first donation attempt. Deferral has a negative emotional impact if the deferral is permanent or related to positive test results, while emotions experienced at the time of a temporary deferral are related to donors’ willingness to return. An understanding of the impact of deferrals from the donor perspective provides key information to improve the blood centre practices. There is preliminary evidence of the effectiveness of strategies to retain donors, including enabling the ineligible donor to make an alternative contribution, providing clear information about the deferral, notifying the donor when they can return to donate and addressing practical barriers to return.
Intervention for depression among palliative care patients and their families: A study protocol for evaluation of a training program for professional care staff
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 13-06-2011
Abstract: Clinical depression is highly prevalent yet under-detected and under-treated in palliative care settings and is associated with a number of adverse medical and psychological outcomes for patients and their family members. This article presents a study protocol to evaluate a training intervention for non-physician palliative care staff to improve the recognition of depression and provide support for depressed patients and their family members. Details of the hypotheses and expected outcomes, study design, training program development and evaluation measures are described. A randomised controlled trial will be implemented across two palliative care services to evaluate the "Training program for professional carers to recognise and manage depression in palliative care settings". Pre-, post- and three-month follow-up data will be collected to assess: the impact of the training on the knowledge, attitudes, self-efficacy and perceived barriers of palliative care staff when working with depression referral rates for depression and changes to staff practices. Quantitative and qualitative methods, in the form of self-report questionnaires and interviews with staff and family members, will be used to evaluate the effectiveness of the intervention. This study will determine the effectiveness of an intervention that aims to respond to the urgent need for innovative programs to target depression in the palliative care setting. The expected outcome of this study is the validation of an evidence-based training program to improve staff recognition and appropriate referrals for depression, as well as improve psychosocial support for depressed patients and their family members. Australia and New Zealand Clinical Trials Register (ANZCTR): ACTRN12610000183088
Gone, but haven't forgotten: insights on plasmapheresis donation from lapsed donors
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 23-09-2020
DOI: 10.1111/VOX.13006
Effectiveness of a training program for carers to recognize depression among older people
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 12-2008
DOI: 10.1002/GPS.2067
Abstract: Depression is a mental disorder that is frequently not detected among older people. The current study was designed to evaluate the effectiveness of a training program to assist carers to better recognize depression among older people in both community and residential care settings. In total, 52 professional carers (26 in community care, 26 in residential care) across a range of occupations completed a four session (for personal care attendants) or six session (for registered nurses or managers) training program. The program provided training for staff to identify and respond appropriately to signs of depression. In addition, nurses and managers were trained on the use of screening tools and referral processes. Outcomes were evaluated at post-test, and 6-month follow-up. The results demonstrated that for all groups training was effective in increasing carers' knowledge of depression and self-efficacy in detecting depression, as well as reducing the barriers to care at both post-test and 6-month follow-up. The training program evaluated in the current study was effective in increasing the level of skills necessary for care staff to better detect depression among older people in both community and residential care settings. Further research is needed to determine if these improved skills are sustained over time, and if they actually improve the level of recognition of depression among older people.
Abstract of 29th Regional Congress of the ISBT
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 06-2019
DOI: 10.1111/VOX.12792
Evaluation of a training program to assist care staff to better recognize and manage depression among palliative care patients and their families
Publisher: SAGE Publications
Date: 06-2012
DOI: 10.1177/082585971202800203
Abstract: This study was designed to evaluate the effectiveness of a training program to improve the knowledge, attitudes, and self-efficacy of palliative care staff and thus enable them to better detect and manage depression among palliative care patients and their families. Participants were 90 professional carers who completed a four-session training program. Knowledge, attitudes, self-efficacy, and barriers to working with depressed patients were assessed pre-intervention, post-intervention, and at a three-month follow-up. The results demonstrated that compared to the control group, the intervention group had improved in all of these areas. Improvements were maintained at the three-month follow-up in all areas except attitudes. The results of this study indicate the importance of training in managing depression among palliative care staff. Booster sessions will likely be needed to ensure that training program gains are maintained.
Staff-focused interventions to increase referrals for depression in aged care facilities: A cluster randomized controlled trial
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Date: 05-2013
DOI: 10.1080/13607863.2012.738412
Abstract: While there is evidence that depression training can improve the knowledge of staff in residential care facilities, there is an absence of research determining whether such training translates into practice change. This study aimed to evaluate the impact of staff training and the introduction of a protocol for routine screening and referral for depression on the numbers of residents detected and referred by care staff for further assessment. A cluster randomized controlled design was used to compare the referral rates for residents in seven facilities randomly allocated into one of three conditions: staff training, staff training plus a screening and referral protocol and wait-list control. Participants were 216 aged care residents (M age = 87 years), who agreed to a 12-month audit of their facility file. Staff training on its own did not increase the rate of referrals for depression however, staff training plus the screening protocol and referral guidelines did lead to a significant increase in the number of residents who were referred to a medical practitioner for further assessment. However, this increase in care staff referrals did not result in substantial changes in the treatment prescribed for residents. Staff training in depression, supplemented with a protocol for routine screening and guidelines on referring residents, can improve pathways to care. However, strategies to overcome barriers to appropriate subsequent treatment of depression are required for staff-focused initiatives to translate into better outcomes for depressed older adults. Methodological limitations of this study are discussed.
An evaluation of a national program to implement the Cornell Scale for Depression in Dementia into routine practice in aged care facilities
Publisher: Cambridge University Press (CUP)
Date: 05-12-2011
DOI: 10.1017/S1041610211002146
Abstract: Background: Screening tools have been recommended for use in aged care to improve the detection and treatment of depression. This study aimed to evaluate the impact of a program for the routine implementation of the Cornell Scale for Depression in Dementia in Australian facilities, to determine whether use of the instrument by nurses led to further monitoring of depressive symptoms, medical referral, and changes in treatments prescribed for depression. Methods: A file review was completed for 412 participants out of a total of 867 older people (47.5%) who resided in ten aged care facilities. The review examined Cornell Scale assessment data, medication charts, medical history, nursing progress notes, and resident care plans. Nursing staff who administered the Cornell Scale to each participant were also interviewed, and ten facility managers took part in an interview to determine barriers to the effective implementation of the instrument. Results: The Cornell Scale had been administered to 46.8% of the s le in the previous 12 months, with 25% of these participants scoring 9–13 and 27% scoring 14 and above. Less than one third of the residents with high scores were monitored by the staff following the assessment. Only 18% of residents with high scores were referred for further assessment of depression, while 10% received a treatment change. Conclusions: The absence of a protocol for responding to high Cornell Scale scores limited the potential of this program to result in widespread improved treatment of depressed older people. The use of the Cornell Scale by aged care nurses with limited training raised concern.
Depression in palliative care settings: The need for training for nurses and other health professionals to improve patients' pathways to care
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 07-2012
DOI: 10.1016/J.NEDT.2011.07.011
Abstract: Depression is highly prevalent in patients receiving palliative care however, detection rates are low, with many patients who suffer with depression continuing to go undetected and untreated. A number of factors unique to this setting, as well as issues relating to staff knowledge and self-efficacy working with depression, may impede the detection of patients who are depressed by professional health care staff. Although programmes aimed to train nurses and other allied health staff in depression may be an effective way to improve detection rates, there have been few studies investigating the efficacy of these interventions. This article draws upon recent literature to provide a narrative review of barriers to detection and factors relating to professional palliative care staffs' ability to provide pathways to care for patients who suffer with depression in this setting. Previously evaluated training programmes are reviewed and the argument is made that further development and empirical evaluation of depression training interventions for staff in this setting will provide services with evidence-based methods of training nurses and other professional care staff and improve the pathways to care for patients who suffer with depression.
329 - A psychological needs-based intervention to reduce depression in newly admitted nursing home residents
Publisher: Cambridge University Press (CUP)
Date: 10-2020
DOI: 10.1017/S104161022000229X
Abstract: Depression is common in nursing homes, with newly admitted residents at a particularly high risk. Current prevention and treatment approaches have failed to impact on the high rates of depression and new approaches are required. We have developed a novel intervention that addresses in idual psychological needs in newly admitted residents, which is implemented in collaboration with residents and facility staff. The Program to Enhance Adjustment to Residential Living (PEARL) is a 5-session intervention based on Self-Determination Theory that aims to tailor care to enhance residents’ autonomy, competence and relations. A cluster randomised controlled trial was conducted to determine the effectiveness of PEARL in reducing depression in newly admitted nursing home residents, compared to a treatment as usual control condition. A total of 216 residents with normal cognition or mild-moderate cognitive impairment, living in 42 nursing homes in Melbourne, Australia, participated in the study. The s le included 76 men and 140 women, aged 62-99 years (M = 85.5, SD = 7.3). The primary outcome was level of depressive symptoms, assessed using the Cornell Scale for Depression in Dementia at baseline and at 8, 16 (primary endpoint), and 31 weeks follow-up. Multi-level modelling, accounting for within-facility clustering and repeated assessments, was used to determine the effectiveness of the intervention, employing an intention-to-treat approach. At 16-weeks, fewer symptoms of depression were observed among those in the intervention group (M = 7.0, SD = 5.6) than in the control group (M = 8.6, SD = 6.5). Multi-level modelling of unadjusted data showed a significant condition (intervention, control) by time (T1, T2, T3) interaction (p = .021), indicating that the PEARL intervention led to a reduction in the occurrence of depressive symptoms. The treatment effect was maintained at 31 weeks follow-up (p = .004). This study provides evidence that an intervention designed to address newly admitted residents’ in idual psychological needs reduced symptoms of depression in subsequent months. This brief, simple intervention may be suitable for broad implementation across long-term care settings. However, future research to determine if the intervention can be implemented by trained facility staff in situ is warranted.
Long‐term return and donation pattern of those who begin donating at different ages: A retrospective cohort analysis of blood donors in Australia
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 12-11-2021
DOI: 10.1111/TRF.16187
Abstract: This study compared the likelihood of return to donate and donation rate ratio by age of donors at their first donation when followed up to 12 years. Donation history of two cohorts of first‐time donors (those donating in 2007 and 2013) was extracted until March 2019 from Australian Red Cross Lifeblood's national database. Poisson regression analyses compared donor return and negative‐binomial regression estimated the rate ratio of donations. A total of 120 469 and 95 381 donors were included in the 2007 and 2013 cohorts, respectively. Compared to donors aged 20‐24 years, the likelihood of return in both cohorts increased consistently as age at first donation increased from 30‐years and above. Average number of whole‐blood and plasmapheresis donations increased as the age at first donation increased from 30‐years onward. The whole‐blood donation rate was highest for donors ≥60 years, while plasmapheresis donation rate was highest for donors aged 50‐59 years. These patterns were largely consistent when stratified by sex. To continuously ensure the short‐ to mid‐term sufficiency of blood supply in Australia, targeted recruitment of donors aged 30‐years and above may be considered, however its feasibility and impact should be explored further given relatively smaller proportion of new donors are middle‐aged and older under current policies. Future studies with a longer follow‐up period are needed to examine whether the frequency of donation among those who start donating at a younger age increases later in their life when they are 30‐years or over.
The Availability of Psychological Services for Aged Care Residents in Australia: A Survey of Facility Staff
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Date: 12-2017
DOI: 10.1111/AP.12244
Willingness of blood donors in Australia to provide additional data and blood sample for health research
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 22-08-2021
DOI: 10.1111/TRF.16629
Abstract: Many blood collection agencies are generating important data on donor health outcomes using large‐scale blood donor cohort studies. Such studies can be very effective when donors provide access to linkage of their data to external health databases, and storage and genomic testing of their blood s le. In this study, we aimed to assess the willingness of Australian blood donors to provide additional data and blood s le for donation‐related and other health research. We invited 2017 donors to complete a survey using four methods (postal letter, postal letter and email, email only, and in‐center recruitment). The survey asked for information on demographics, lifestyle behaviors, health, experience and attitude to blood donation, and willingness to give blood s le and additional data for research. Response rates ranged from 23.8% for email only to 77.2% for in‐center recruitment. Of those who responded ( n = 827), 95.5% indicated they would be willing to provide a blood s le for donation and transfusion‐related research. Of these, .0% were willing for their s le to be used in research involving genetic testing and other health‐related topics. Also, .0% were willing to consent for linkage of their information to external health databases. Donors surveyed reported a high willingness to participate in health research by completing surveys, allowing linkage to external datasets, and providing a blood s le. These findings provide strong support for future longitudinal research studies with Australian blood donors.
Characteristics of Cognitive Behavioral Therapy for Older Adults Living in Residential Care: Protocol for a Systematic Review
Publisher: JMIR Publications Inc.
Date: 04-07-2018
DOI: 10.2196/RESPROT.9902
Educating donors about deferrals through the provision of tailored materials: Findings from a survey of deferred donors
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 07-12-2021
DOI: 10.1111/TRF.16212
Abstract: Receiving a temporary deferral has been shown to negatively affect donor retention. One contributing factor for low donor return may be poor understanding of why the deferral has occurred. The aim of this study was to determine whether new educational materials‐a brochure, guided conversation, and follow‐up email‐increased deferred donors' knowledge about their donation eligibility, satisfaction with the deferral process, intention to return, and odds of rebooking another appointment. A three‐arm cluster randomised controlled trial was conducted to evaluate the impact of the educational materials compared to business as usual deferral procedures: (a) In‐center brochure and follow‐up email (b) Email only (c) Control. A survey was administered to a random s le of trial participants (n = 847). Compared with the control condition, donors in the in‐center brochure and email condition were more knowledgeable about the end date of their deferral, and reported higher satisfaction with the deferral information provided, and had fewer questions and/or concerns about the deferral. Similar findings were observed when comparing the email only condition to the in‐center brochure and email condition. No differences were found in intention to return. Donors in the in‐center brochure plus email condition had increased odds (OR:1.385) of rebooking their next appointment compared to the combined email only and control conditions. The application of a deferral is often misunderstood by donors. Providing educational materials to donors can increase their understanding and may lead to increased retention of donors through rebooking of subsequent donations.
Notifying donors when their deferral is ending: An effective donor retention strategy
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 05-08-2021
DOI: 10.1111/TRF.16613
Abstract: The application of a temporary deferral often leads to donor lapse. Contributing factors may be donors not knowing when their deferral ends or not being contacted and asked to return. The aim of this study was to determine the effectiveness of a reminder message notifying donors that their deferral is coming to an end in increasing donors' postdeferral return rates. We evaluated the optimal time, content, and mode of delivery of the reminder message. Two studies were conducted with deferred donors. Study 1: donors (n = 1676) were randomized to be sent a reminder message at one of three time points (4 weeks before, 1 week before, and 1 week after their deferral ended) or to a no contact control condition. Study 2: donors (n = 1973) were randomized to three message type conditions (emotive email, nonemotive email, nonemotive SMS). Attempted return behavior was extracted (appointments, attendances) at 1 month. In Study 1, being sent the reminder message increased odds of donors attempting to return within 3 months compared with the control group (OR:2.01). Sending the reminder 1 week before the deferral ended was the most effective time point. In Study 2, the nonemotive message increased the odds of attempting to return compared with the emotive message (OR:1.38). No differences were found between email and SMS messages. Sending a reminder message to donors when their deferral is coming to an end is a simple, effective, and cost‐effective method to retain donors.
Professional carers’ knowledge and response to depression among their aged-care clients: The care recipients’ perspective
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Date: 05-2008
DOI: 10.1080/13607860701797182
Abstract: Depression is an under-diagnosed disorder among the elderly, even in those who are in receipt of aged-care services. One factor associated with this under diagnosis has been identified as a reluctance amongst the elderly to discuss their mood and emotions with their medical practitioners. The current study focused on why depression is not recognised and acted on by those providing residential or home-based care to older people. We interviewed 15 elderly people residing in high-level or low-level aged-care facilities, and three elderly people who were receiving personal care in their homes. All participants had been identified by their care agencies as depressed. Participants reported their perceptions of their personal carers' knowledge and practices in managing the residents' depression. Although the participants described their carers in positive terms, they were critical of their knowledge and skills in recognising depression, and indicated that the communication between personal carers and care recipients about depressive symptomatology was seriously flawed. Training for personal carers in these areas, and efforts to change organisational culture are recommended.
An evaluation of the beyondblue Depression Training Program for aged care workers
Publisher: Cambridge University Press (CUP)
Date: 15-03-2010
DOI: 10.1017/S1041610210000153
Abstract: Background: The prevalence of depression among older people receiving care is high, yet the rate of treatment of this disorder is low. One way to improve the pathway to care is to train care staff to recognize the symptoms of depression and raise their confidence in responding to them. In this study we evaluated the efficacy of the beyondblue Depression Training Program to achieve this aim. Methods: Staff (N = 148) from low level care facilities and community care facilities in metropolitan Melbourne completed the beyondblue Depression Training Program, while staff in other facilities (N = 96) acted as controls. Pre-program, post-program and follow-up questionnaire data were collected and referrals for depression by staff were recorded. Results: Training improved carers’ knowledge about depression, their self-efficacy in responding to signs of depression and their attitudes towards working with depressed aged care recipients. In addition, training increased the number of referrals for depression made by carers. Conclusion: Training aged care staff in depression can improve the pathways to care for depressed care recipients, and has the potential to improve the quality of life of older people.
Prediction of compliance with MRI procedures among children of ages 3 years to 12 years
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 24-05-2014
DOI: 10.1007/S00247-014-2996-Y
Abstract: A number of children are unable to comply with an MRI procedure and require general anesthetic. However, we lack information about which factors are associated with MRI compliance in young children. To determine the strongest predictors of MRI compliance, focusing on variables that can be easily rated by patients' parents. A s le of 205 children ages 3-11 years (mean age 6.6 years) who were at risk of non-compliance were recruited from a children's hospital. Their parents completed a behavior assessment scale for children as well as a questionnaire that assessed their expectations of compliance and perception of their child's typical medical compliance. The children subsequently completed a mock MRI with an educational play therapist and a clinical MRI, with the quality of the scan scored by the MRI technologist. Overall, 88.3% of children complied with the clinical scan and achieved diagnostic images, with age unrelated to compliance in this well-prepared patient group. The strongest predictors of MRI compliance were parental expectations and ratings of how well the child typically copes with medical procedures. Non-compliance was related to child attention problems and to poor adaptability among children. A total of 64 preschool-age children (91.4%) and 110 school-age children (95.7%) were correctly classified as compliant or non-compliant based on these predictor variables. A child's temperament, medical experiences and parental expectations provide important information in predicting which children successfully comply with an MRI procedure and which require general anesthesia. Further study is needed to explore the utility of these variables in predicting compliance at sites that do not have access to an MRI simulator.
Risk indicators for depression in aged care: The contribution of a meaningful life, mastery and environmental fit
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 23-04-2020
DOI: 10.1111/AJAG.12792
Measuring carers' knowledge of depression in aged care settings: The Knowledge of Late Life Depression Scale — Revised
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 05-2012
DOI: 10.1016/J.JAD.2012.01.002
Abstract: Aged care staff is increasingly relied upon to assist with the recognition and treatment of depression in older care recipients. However, there exist few reliable and comprehensive measures that assess aged care staffs' knowledge about late life depression. The Knowledge of Late-Life Depression Scale is one such scale. In this study we modified this measure in an attempt to improve its psychometric properties so that it can be used with confidence in research and practise. Our modifications to the original measure resulted in the Knowledge of Late-Life Depression Scale-Revised. Aged care staff (N=149) from 20 low level care facilities and community care facilities in Melbourne, Australia, completed the Knowledge of Late-Life Depression Scale-Revised. Using Confirmatory Factor Analysis and reliability analysis, the Knowledge of Late-Life Depression Scale-Revised was found to demonstrate three robust and internally consistent factors. These factors were: symptoms of depression, facts about depression, and myths of depression. The revised measure was found to yield superior psychometric properties compared to the original measure. Replication studies are required, especially with other aged carer s les to ensure that the factor structure and internal consistency of the measure are supported across different aged care contexts in Australia and elsewhere. The Knowledge of Late-Life Depression-Revised is a measure that can be used by researchers and agencies to assess the knowledge of depression among professional care staff. The measure is expected to be especially useful as an assessment tool for training and educational purposes.
The emotional psychology of blood donors: a time‐course approach
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 04-09-2018
DOI: 10.1111/VOXS.12385
An Examination of the “Gold Standard” Diagnosis of Major Depression in Aged-Care Settings
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 05-2009
A randomized control trial to evaluate the beyondblue depression training program: does it lead to better recognition of depression?
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 06-05-2013
DOI: 10.1002/GPS.3976
An individualized psychosocial approach for treatment resistant behavioral symptoms of dementia among aged care residents
Publisher: Cambridge University Press (CUP)
Date: 14-09-2007
DOI: 10.1017/S1041610206004224
Abstract: Background: Behavioral symptoms of dementia are common among residents in mainstream aged care settings, and have a substantial impact on residents and professional caregivers. This study evaluated the impact of in idualized psychosocial interventions for behavioral symptoms through a small preliminary study. Method: Interventions were delivered to a patient group of 31 psychogeriatric aged care residents who presented with behavioral symptoms of dementia that had failed to respond to pharmacological treatment approaches. Outcome data on severity of behaviors, health service utilization and staff burden of care were collected. Results: A modest but significant reduction in staff ratings of the severity of aggressive and verbally agitated behavioral symptoms was found, with an associated reduction in their perceptions of the burden of caring for these patients. Reduced behavioral disturbance was associated with a reduction in the requirement for primary care consultations, and all participants were able to continue to reside in mainstream aged care facilities, despite an increase in the severity of dementia. Conclusions: This study supported the use of in idualized psychological strategies for behavioral symptoms at all stages of dementia. Methodological limitations of this preliminary study are discussed.
Thank you for donating: a survey of Australian donorsʼ and nondonorsʼ orientations toward noncash incentives for blood donation
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 27-04-2020
DOI: 10.1111/TRF.15806
Managing behavioural symptoms of dementia: Effectiveness of staff education and peer support
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Date: 2008
DOI: 10.1080/13607860701366012
Abstract: This study was designed to investigate the impact of staff education on the behaviour and quality of life of residents with dementia and on staff members' attitudes about working with people with dementia and level of burnout. Staff from three aged care facilities participated in the study (n=52). These facilities were randomly assigned to one of two intervention groups or a control group. Staff assigned to the intervention groups received an eight-week behaviourally-based programme. Staff from one aged care facility also participated in a peer support group designed to reinforce educational material and facilitate positive changes among staff members. Behavioural symptoms displayed by residents (n=76) in each of the facilities were also assessed. Assessments were conducted at pre-intervention, post-intervention, three- and six-month follow-up. The results of this study indicated that education or peer support was not associated with an improvement in resident behaviour or quality of life. Education or peer support also did not impact on staff members' level of burnout. There was, however, a change in staff members' attitudes about working with people with dementia. Possible explanations for these findings and implication for further research are considered.
Trajectory and Predictors of Mental Health Symptoms and Wellbeing in Newly Admitted Nursing Home Residents
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Date: 06-12-2021
DOI: 10.1080/07317115.2021.2010154
Abstract: This study determined changes in multiple aspects of mental health and wellbeing in newly admitted nursing home residents, and identified risk and protective factors. Participants were 204 residents recently admitted to one of 42 nursing homes in Melbourne, Australia. A subgroup of 82 participants were followed up eight months post-admission. Depression, anxiety, stress, adjustment, and quality of life were assessed at baseline and follow-up. Predictive factors (demographics, health, transition factors, nursing home characteristics) were examined in multiple regression analyses. Rates of depression and anxiety were high at both baseline and follow-up. Low self-rated health and medical comorbidity predicted poor wellbeing at baseline. Higher perceived control in the relocation to the nursing home and engagement in meaningful activities were associated with better post-admission outcomes. Baseline psychotropic medication use predicted lower anxiety at follow-up but did not impact depressive symptoms. There were no significant changes in mental health and wellbeing from one to eight months post-admission. The negative effect of residing in a for-profit nursing home requires further investigation. In idual activity scheduling and an opportunity to participate in relocation decision-making and planning may support resident wellbeing post-admission.
Effectiveness of staff training programs for behavioral problems among older people with dementia
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Date: 09-2007
DOI: 10.1080/13607860601086405
Abstract: This paper reviewed studies on staff training programs to address the behavioral problems associated with dementia among older people in residential care. The papers were classified according to whether or not the studies included a control group in the research design. The results of the review demonstrate that there has been a wide range of psychosocial and educational interventions to reduce behavioral problems among older people with dementia, with inconsistent results being obtained. However, many of these studies suffer from problems in their research design that make it difficult to evaluate their effectiveness. Problems in conducting research in the nursing home setting are highlighted, and suggestions for future research in this area are discussed.
Barriers to Care for Depressed Older People: Perceptions of Aged Care among Medical Professionals
Publisher: SAGE Publications
Date: 2009
DOI: 10.2190/AG.68.1.C
Abstract: The current study evaluated barriers to detection of depression among older people. Focus groups were conducted with 21 professional carers, 4 nurses, 10 general practitioners, and 7 aged care managers. The results demonstrated that care for older people is primarily focused on physical care. Further, staff resources, a lack of continuity of care, multiple co-morbidities, reluctance by older people to discuss depression, negative attitudes among carers, as well as a lack of skills all contributed to a failure to detect and treat depression. The implications of these findings for training programs for professional carers are discussed.
Sending a personalised post-donation SMS to donors: Can this simple strategy improve donor engagement? t
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 02-2019
DOI: 10.1111/TME.12589
Abstract: The third European Conference on Donor Health and Management (ECDHM) was held in Copenhagen from 5th to 7th September 2018 and was co-organised by the ECDHM committees and European Blood Alliance. This is an international conference with a focus on 'donor health', including donors of blood, organs and other substances of human origin, and remains the only conference focusing exclusively on donor medicine. This overview presents a selection of research topics in relation to iron, the keynote speeches and plenary talks. The keynote speeches cover the epidemiology of donors and recipients, whole-blood donor recruitment and retention and the safety of donors and recipients of plasma and plasma products. Talks from the plenary speakers reviewed modern multi-omic approaches to study red cell quality and the central, perennial question of what motivates a donor to give blood and how can this be encouraged.
Does using applied muscle tension at strategic time points during donation reduce phlebotomist- and donor-reported vasovagal reaction rates? A three-armed randomized controlled trial
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 17-09-2018
DOI: 10.1111/TRF.14940
Abstract: Vasovagal reactions (VVRs) have a negative impact on donor safety and return. Applied muscle tension (AMT) increases blood pressure temporarily and has been suggested as a way to reduce donors' risk of VVRs. This study evaluated whether using AMT at three different time points during the donation procedure reduces the VVR symptoms reported by donors and the VVR reactions recorded by phlebotomists. A three-arm, multicenter, open-label randomized controlled trial was used to compare VVR symptoms and reaction rates between those practicing AMT during the entire donation (n = 244) to practicing AMT at VVR high-risk time points (n = 250) to a standard blood donation control group (n = 240). All participants were asked to drink 500 mL of water in the waiting area, and an even distribution of new and repeat donors was sought across conditions. Across all conditions, donors reported few VVR symptoms and the rate of reporting did not differ significantly across conditions. However, donors who practiced AMT at strategic time points had a significantly lower number of phlebotomist-registered VVRs in comparison to the other two study groups, with these rates not varying by sex or donor status. Greater compliance by donors with AMT instructions was observed in those asked to practice AMT at strategic time points compared to those asked to practice AMT during the entire donation. Practicing AMT at VVR high-risk time points reduces the number of phlebotomist-registered VVRs.
Growing evidence supports healthy older people continuing to donate blood into later life
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 04-2019
DOI: 10.1111/TRF.15237
A randomized control trial to evaluate thebeyondbluedepression training program: does it lead to better recognition of depression?
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 03-05-2012
DOI: 10.1002/GPS.3809
Abstract: The aim of this study was to determine if a depression training program could assist aged care staff to better recognize depression among older people in residential care. The use of a "paper trail" for a screening tool and a study ch ion in combination with this training was evaluated to determine if this improved the level of detection of depression. The study took the form of a randomized control trial. A total of 107 professional carers from residential aged care services in Melbourne, Australia, participated in the study. Thirty-four carers were allocated to the training-only group and completed a six-session depression training program, 35 carers were allocated to the training-plus-screening protocol group, and 38 carers were assigned to a wait-list control group. In total, 216 residents were screened for depression. Carers in all conditions were asked to identify those residents who they perceived to be depressed. Residents were independently assessed with the SCID-I to determine their depression status. Trained staff were not found to be better in detecting depression than non-trained staff. Staff in the training-plus-screening condition correctly identified more residents as depressed, but also classified more non-depressed residents as depressed. The findings demonstrate the need for a greater focus on recognizing depression among carers working in aged care facilities. Protocols should be developed to assist carers to detect, refer, and monitor depression in residents.
A systematic review of incentives in blood donation
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 06-11-2018
DOI: 10.1111/TRF.14387
Abstract: Incentives are often used to enhance the effectiveness of recruitment and retention c aigns targeting blood donors. However, the degree to which incentives succeed in attracting and facilitating repeat donation is unclear. A systematic literature review, following PRISMA guidelines, investigated the existing empirical evidence regarding the use of monetary and nonmonetary incentives within blood donation. A comprehensive search of relevant databases identified a total of 71 papers for inclusion in the review for defining and operationalizing incentives (Objective 1), of which nine papers empirically investigated attitudes toward incentives (Objective 2), 31 papers investigated the impact on blood donation behavior (Objective 3), and eight papers investigated the impact on blood safety (Objective 4). Overall, research into the use of incentives in blood donation is limited, characterized by comparatively few studies, predominantly focused on whole blood donors, that are confounded by current operating context (paid or voluntary). No incentive has been identified that all segments of the nondonor and donor panel report positive attitudes toward, that has a positive impact on behavior, and that has no negative impact on blood safety. Certain incentives (i.e., discounts, tickets, gifts, and paid time off work) have the strongest evidence base for potential inclusion within voluntary nonremunerated (VNR) donation systems. Due to the limited nature of the existing literature (particularly for apheresis donors) and inconsistencies observed within the results, additional research investigating the likely impact of introducing (or removing) monetary or nonmonetary incentives in VNR donor recruitment or retention is essential.
Innovative Approaches for Long Term Care
Publisher: Elsevier
Date: 2021
Trends in return behavior after an adverse event in Australian whole blood and plasma donors
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 12-08-2019
DOI: 10.1111/TRF.15475
Abstract: This study examined the impact of donor adverse events (DAEs) on plasma donor return and compared these against trends in whole blood (WB) donors. Using a retrospective cohort design, donors who attempted to give plasma or WB in 2014-2015 were categorized by DAE and followed for 2 years. Analyses of return rate, time to return, subsequent donation frequency, and recurrent risk were performed. Donor characteristics associated with return were also assessed. For both plasma and WB donors, vasovagal reactions (VVRs) were the strongest deterrent to return, with a lower proportion returning, taking longer to return, and making fewer subsequent donations than those with uncomplicated donations. Despite a higher likelihood of a recurrent event among those who experienced a DAE, the majority had an uncomplicated subsequent donation. Donor characteristics associated with return varied by phlebotomy and DAE type. For donors experiencing a VVR, differences were observed by donor experience, age, sex, and site type between plasma and WB. For phlebotomy-injured donors, differences were observed by sex, blood type, donor experience, and donation outcome between the two groups. No factors associated with return after a citrate reaction were found. This study highlights the detrimental effects of DAEs on plasma return, in particular VVRs, and the differences in factors associated with return compared to WB donors. Further research is required to understand the mechanisms underlying the decision to return following a DAE.
The prevalence and recognition of major depression among low-level aged care residents with and without cognitive impairment
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Date: 2007
DOI: 10.1080/13607860600736109
Abstract: Previous research has demonstrated a high level of depression in nursing homes. The current study was designed to determine the prevalence of depression, using a structured diagnostic interview, among older people with and without mild-moderate cognitive impairment residing in low-level care facilities. The results demonstrated that, consistent with previous research in nursing homes, 16.9% of older people were diagnosed with major depressive disorder. Less than half of these cases had been detected or treated. In iduals with moderate cognitive impairment were more likely to be depressed, but cognitive impairment did not appear to act as a strong impediment to the detection of depression by general practitioners. A low awareness of their use of antidepressant medications was demonstrated among older people prescribed this treatment, including those with normal cognitive function. Reasons for the poor recognition of depression among older people are discussed.
A pilot trial of acceptance and commitment therapy for symptoms of depression and anxiety in older adults residing in long-term care facilities
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Date: 04-03-2017
DOI: 10.1080/13607863.2016.1156051
Abstract: The aim of this study was to evaluate the efficacy and acceptability of a psychological intervention based on acceptance and commitment therapy (ACT) to improve symptoms of depression and anxiety among older adults living in long-term care. Forty one residents aged between 63 and 97 years (M = 85.3 years) participated in this study. Residents were allocated to receive either a 12 session ACT intervention implemented by trainee psychology therapists or a wait-list control group. Measures of depression and anxiety were collected at baseline and 8 week post-intervention, and residents who received the intervention were tracked for three months. A treatment satisfaction questionnaire was administered to residents who received the intervention and a s le of 10 facility staff members. Using an intention to treat approach and controlling for baseline scores, scores on depression measures were significantly lower after the ACT intervention than after the wait-list control. These outcomes were maintained at three-month follow-up. Treatment satisfaction was rated highly by both residents and their care staff. This preliminary trial suggests that ACT shows promise as a therapeutic approach to address symptoms of depression in long-term care.
Staff Compliance With Protocols to Improve the Management of Behavioral and Psychological Symptoms of Dementia
Publisher: SLACK, Inc.
Date: 02-2015
DOI: 10.3928/00989134-20140701-01
Abstract: Using data from a larger study investigating the effectiveness of a structured clinical protocol to manage in iduals in residential facilities who experience behavioral and psychological symptoms of dementia (BPSD), the current study investigated whether external clinical support in using the protocol with specific residents increased compliance in its use, over and above only providing a generic workshop about the protocol and management of BPSD. Results indicated that provision of the workshop, in addition to clinical support, was associated with significantly higher compliance. However, compliance was only found to be related to positive outcomes when staff received the generic workshop and not clinical support. When clinical support was provided, compliance was not related to outcomes or worse outcomes. These findings, when considered in the context of the results of the larger trial, suggest that the relationship among clinical support, compliance with BPSD protocols, and clinical outcomes for residents and staff is complex and needs further investigation. [ Journal of Gerontological Nursing, 41 (2), 44–52.]
The effectiveness of the Program to Enhance Adjustment to Residential Living (PEARL) in reducing depression in newly admitted nursing home residents
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 03-2021
Demographic and health profile of older Australian blood donors: results from the Extended Donor Vigilance data linkage study (EDV:Link)
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 17-10-2018
DOI: 10.1111/VOXS.12459
Satisfaction With General Practitioner Treatment of Depression Among Residents of Aged Care Facilities
Publisher: SAGE Publications
Date: 06-2006
Abstract: Objective: This article investigates consumer perspectives on the treatment for depression among older people in residential facilities. Method: Aged care residents who were aware of being treated for depression in the past 6 months (24 women and 7 men, mean age = 83 years) participated in an interview that assessed their perspective on treatments. Results: Although more than half of the participants in the s le reported overall satisfaction with the medical treatments received for depression, qualitative data provided indications of unsatisfactory service delivery, including perceptions of low treatment efficacy, short consultation times, the failure to assess affective symptomatology, and negative responses to residents’ disclosure of symptoms. Discussion: The findings are discussed in relation to previous research on consumer satisfaction with health services and issues that may be pertinent to the elderly depressed. Training for general practitioners providing treatment in aged care is indicated.
Staff's views on managing symptoms of dementia in nursing home residents
Publisher: RCN Publishing Ltd.
Date: 28-11-2014
DOI: 10.7748/NOP.26.10.31.E638
Abstract: Aim To identify the most common and distressing behavioural and psychological symptoms of dementia (BPSD) in nursing homes and to identify staff preferences regarding its behavioural management. Method A descriptive cross-sectional survey was completed by a self-selected s le of 247 staff working in 21 nursing homes in a defined catchment area. The survey contained items relating to experience in aged care work, attitudes towards BPSD, ratings of the importance of certain behavioural strategies for managing BPSD, and the Challenging Behaviour Scale. Results Shouting, wandering and restlessness had the highest incidence, frequency and difficulty ratings. Frequency of BPSD and level of satisfaction with how they were managed had the greatest effect on overall level of difficulty in managing behaviours. Staff rated discussing behavioural concerns at a group level and with senior nursing staff as the most important behavioural strategies. Conclusion A strong relationship was found between frequency and difficulty of BPSD. Therefore, interventions targeted at lowering frequency of BPSD are recommended. Communication across a number of levels may enhance the implementation of behavioural interventions.
Examining knowledge translation in blood donor research: A review of vasovagal reaction literature
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 02-04-2021
DOI: 10.1111/TRF.16391
Abstract: Knowledge translation focuses on the transfer of research findings into policy and practice. To provide insight into the state of knowledge translation in blood donor research, we undertook a rapid review of a key research area in the field with high potential for translation, vasovagal reactions (VVRs). We examined the number and nature of VVR‐related studies to determine the availability of research evidence, and mapped the included articles along the research‐to‐practice trajectory using the Knowledge to Action framework. PubMed, PsycINFO, CINAHL, and EMBASE were searched for peer‐reviewed journal articles from inception to October 2019 using the terms blood don* AND vasovagal OR faint* OR syncope. A total of 176 articles met our inclusion criteria. Studies relating to VVRs increased substantially from 1942 to 2019, with 84% published in the last 20 years. Articles were predominately observation (non‐intervention) studies (117 66%), followed by intervention (knowledge inquiry) studies (31 18%) and review (knowledge synthesis) studies (20 11%). The evidence from intervention research was limited, with 14 strategies tested in 31 studies and often by the same research groups. Only 5 (3%) implementation and evaluation studies were found all focused on evaluating the effects of a newly introduced intervention on VVR rates through uncontrolled or cross‐sectional study designs. VVR research is in the early stages of knowledge translation. More intervention research is needed to provide a robust evidence base as well as more published implementation research to share knowledge of translating research into policy and practice.
Motivators of and barriers to becoming a COVID‐19 convalescent plasma donor: A survey study
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 27-12-2021
DOI: 10.1111/TME.12753
Abstract: To determine the motivators and barriers to COVID‐19 convalescent plasma donation by those in the United Kingdom who have been diagnosed with or who have had symptoms of SARS‐CoV‐2 (COVID‐19) but who have not donated. Convalescent plasma from people recovered from COVID‐19 with sufficient antibody titres is a potential option for the treatment and prevention of COVID‐19. However, to date, recruiting and retaining COVID‐19 convalescent plasma donors has been challenging. Understanding why those eligible to donate COVID‐19 convalescent plasma have not donated is critical to developing recruitment c aigns. A total of 419 UK residents who indicated that they had been infected with COVID‐19 and who lived within 50 km of sites collecting COVID‐19 convalescent plasma completed an online survey between 25th June and 5th July 2020. Respondents completed items assessing their awareness of convalescent plasma, motivations and barriers to donation and intention to donate COVID‐19 convalescent plasma. Awareness of COVID‐19 convalescent plasma was low. Exploratory factor analysis identified six motivations and seven barriers to donating. A stronger sense of altruism through adversity and moral and civic duty were positively related to intention to donate, whereas generic donation fears was negatively related. Once potential donors are aware of convalescent plasma, interventions should focus on the gratitude and reciprocity that those eligible to donate feel, along with a focus on (potentially) helping family and norms of what people ought to do. Fears associated with donation should not be neglected, and strategies that have been successfully used tor recruit whole‐blood donors should be adapted and deployed to recruit COVID‐19 convalescent plasma donors.
The assessment of anxiety in aged care residents: A systematic review of the psychometric properties of commonly used measures
Publisher: Cambridge University Press (CUP)
Date: 10-12-2018
DOI: 10.1017/S1041610217002599
Abstract: Assessing anxiety among residential aged care facility (RACF) residents is challenging, and it cannot be assumed that valid and reliable measures used within the community are also appropriate for this setting. This review systematically examined the literature to identify which anxiety measures were most commonly used with older adults in RACFs, and determine whether psychometric data support their use within this population. Using the PRISMA guidelines, five electronic databases were searched using key terms and subject headings. The search was limited to literature published in English. Eligible studies utilized an anxiety measure to assess anxiety symptoms among RACF residents. Based on the findings of this search, a critical review of the research into the reliability, validity, and administrative and respondent burden of the most commonly used measures (i.e. used in four or more studies) was conducted. In total, 1,771 articles were identified, with 50 studies included in this review. Overall, 22 measures were used, with the majority of studies utilizing a clinician-administered or self-report measure. The RAID, HADS, STAI, and GAI were the most commonly used measures. While overall there is a lack of research and consensus into the psychometric properties of these measures within RACFs, strongest evidence of reliability and validity was found for the GAI. Commonly used measures of anxiety within aged care populations are not well validated for this complex subs le of older adults. Strengths and weaknesses of each measure with regards to their usefulness in aged care settings are discussed, with future research areas highlighted.
Characteristics and effectiveness of cognitive behavioral therapy for older adults living in residential care: a systematic review
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Date: 09-11-2019
DOI: 10.1080/13607863.2019.1686457
Abstract: Cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) for depression and anxiety for older adults living in residential aged care facilities (RACFs) needs to accommodate the care needs of residents and the circumstances of RACFs. This systematic review examines the delivery and content characteristics of these interventions, in relation to participant satisfaction, staff appraisal, uptake rate, attrition rate, and treatment effectiveness. Such a review could provide important information for the development of future CBT-based interventions. Studies that examined the application of CBT for depression or anxiety in RACFs were identified by systematically searching a number of relevant databases. Reference lists of all included studies were examined, and citation searches on the Web of Science were conducted. Two independent reviewers were involved in screening articles and in extracting data and assessing methodological quality of the selected studies. Across the 18 studies included in this review, the most common therapeutic strategy was pleasant activities scheduling. Studies varied on treatment duration (2-24 weeks), number of sessions (6-24), and length of sessions (10-120 min). Residents and staff members were satisfied with the CBT interventions. The average uptake rate was 72.9%. The average attrition rate was 19.9%. Statistically significant results were reported in 8 of the 12 randomized controlled trials (RCTs). In these eight RCTs, CBT was characterized by psychoeducation, behavioral activation, and problem-solving techniques further, the therapists in six of these studies had training in psychology. CBT interventions for depression and anxiety are acceptable to RACF residents and judged positively by staff members. Effective studies differed from non-effective studies on content and training characteristics, but not on other delivery features.
The vasovagal reaction experience among blood donors: A qualitative study of factors that affect donor return
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 08-2021
Multipurpose disinfecting solutions and their interactions with a silicone hydrogel lens
Publisher: Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)
Date: 03-2009
Development and Validation of a Short Version of the Cornell Scale for Depression in Dementia for Screening Residents in Nursing Homes
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 11-2016
DOI: 10.1016/J.JAGP.2016.05.012
Abstract: To develop and validate a short version of the Cornell Scale for Depression in Dementia (CSDD-19) for routine detection of depression in nursing homes. Australian nursing homes. A series of cross-sectional studies were conducted involving: 1) descriptive analysis of pooled data from five nursing home studies that used the CSDD-19 (N = 671) to identify patterns of responses and missing data on in idual CSDD items 2) analysis of four of the five studies (N = 556) to assess CSDD-19 for unidimensionality, item fit, and differential item functioning using Rasch modeling to develop a shorter version, the CSDD-4 3) validation of the CSDD-4 against the DSM-IV using the fifth study of 115 residents and through expert consultations and 4) evaluation of the clinical utility of CSDD-4 using an independent cohort of 92 nursing home residents. Four items from the original CSDD-19 were found to be most suitable for depression screening: anxiety, sadness, lack of reactivity to pleasant events, and irritability. The CSDD-4 highly correlated with the original scale (N = 474, r = 0.831, p < 0.001), with acceptable internal consistency (Cronbach's alpha = 0.70). At the cutoff score of less than 2, sensitivity and specificity of CSDD-4 were 81% and 51%, respectively, for the independent cohort (N = 92), of whom 50% had dementia. The CSDD-4 had an area under the curve (AUC) of 0.73 (z = 3.47, p < 0.001), which was compatible with the CSDD-19 (AUC = 0.69, z = 2.89, p < 0.01). The CSDD-4 is valid for routine screening of depression in nursing homes. Its adoption is feasible and practical for nursing home staff, and may facilitate more comprehensive assessment and management of depression in nursing home residents.
Knowledge and skills of professional carers working with older people with depression
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Date: 03-2008
DOI: 10.1080/13607860701797166
Abstract: The current study was designed to evaluate the knowledge, skills and self-efficacy of care providers from the perspective of professionals working in the aged-care industry. Participants were 21 professional carers, 10 General Practitioners and 7 aged-care managers. Focus groups, which involved the completion of a semi-structured interview related to knowledge, recognition, confidence, referral procedures and use of screening tools for the detection of depression, were conducted. The results showed that all groups of respondents recognised significant gap in the knowledge and awareness of depression among professional care staff working with older people in both the community and residential care-settings. Skills in the detection and monitoring of depression and the self-efficacy of these care staff were also seen to be a problem. The implications of these findings in terms of training programmes for professional carers working in the aged health care sector are discussed.
Program to Enhance Adjustment to Residential Living (PEARL): Effect on Adjustment, Anxiety, Quality of Life, and Stress
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Date: 20-07-2022
DOI: 10.1080/07317115.2022.2100729
Abstract: The Program to Enhance Adjustment to Residential Living (PEARL) is a five session intervention primarily designed to address high rates of depression in newly admitted residents. This study reports the efficacy of PEARL on secondary outcomes of resident adjustment, symptoms of anxiety, quality of life, and stress. A cluster randomized controlled trial was conducted with 219 newly admitted nursing home residents (M age = 85.5 years) from 42 nursing homes. Outcomes were assessed at baseline, post-intervention, and at two and six month post-intervention follow-up, compared to a standard care condition. There was a significant overall condition by time interaction for adjustment ( This study demonstrates the broad effects of PEARL on the wellbeing of newly admitted residents. PEARL is a brief intervention that may be feasible for routine use in nursing homes to facilitate adjustment and improve residents' quality of life.
The correlates of anxiety among older adults in nursing homes and other residential aged care facilities: a systematic review
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 17-10-2017
DOI: 10.1002/GPS.4604
Abstract: To synthesize and summarize the studies examining the correlates and predictors of anxiety in older adults living in residential aged care. Using the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines, five electronic databases were searched using key terms and subject headings, as well as reference lists of relevant papers. The search was limited to peer-reviewed literature published in English. Eligible studies examined the association between at least one correlate/factor and anxiety disorders or symptoms in aged care residents aged 50+ years. A total of 3741 articles were identified, of which 34 studies (with a total of 1 543 554 participants) were included in this review. Correlates associated with anxiety included pain, use of anti-depressants/lithium, depression, and lower perceived quality of life. Less consistent and/or less studied variables included younger age, female gender, higher educational level, functional dependence, subjective health status, more prescribed medications, impaired vision, insomnia, external locus of control, fear of falling, attachment, hope, meaning in life, and the influence of social, environmental, and staff olicy correlates. While several variables were found to have strong associations with anxiety in aged care residents, a number of factors have been examined by only one or two studies. Further research (preferably prospective studies) is therefore needed to reliably confirm findings and to help plan and develop preventative and intervention strategies. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Behavioral symptoms of dementia that present management difficulties in nursing homes: Staff perceptions and their concordance with informant scales
Publisher: SLACK, Inc.
Date: 2017
DOI: 10.3928/00989134-20160928-01
Abstract: The current study aimed to profile behaviors associated with dementia that pose management difficulties for staff and determine whether existing rating scales capture these reported behaviors. Staff in 17 nursing homes described the behavioral symptoms of 229 residents with predominantly moderate-severe dementia associated with management difficulties. Behaviors were categorized by an expert clinical panel and compared to items in four dementia behavior rating scales. Staff reported 59 discrete behavioral symptoms, with physically agitated, aggressive verbal, non-aggressive verbal, and aggressive physical behaviors most common, followed by resistance to care and inappropriate social and sexual behaviors. Results suggested that some scales omit important behaviors reported by staff for residents with particularly challenging behaviors. The current study highlights the clinical complexity faced by nursing home staff in managing residents with behavioral symptoms of dementia. [ Journal of Gerontological Nursing, 43 (1), 34–43.]
An RCT to evaluate the utility of a clinical protocol for staff in the management of behavioral and psychological symptoms of dementia in residential aged-care settings
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Date: 16-10-2014
DOI: 10.1080/13607863.2014.967659
Abstract: Behavioral and psychological symptoms of dementia (BPSD) cause significant stress and distress to both aged-care residents and staff. This study evaluated a training program to assist staff to manage BPSD in residential care. A randomised controlled trial (RCT) was employed. The study was included in the Australian and New Zealand Clinical Trial Register residential care facilities. Staff (n = 204) and residents (n = 187) were from 16 residential care facilities. Facilities were recruited and randomly assigned to four staff training conditions: (1) training in the use of a BPSD-structured clinical protocol, plus external clinical support, (2) a workshop on BPSD, plus external clinical support, (3) training in the use of the structured clinical protocol alone, and (4) care as usual. Staff and resident outcome measures were obtained pre-intervention, three months and six months post-intervention. The primary outcome was changes in BPSD, measured using the Cohen-Mansfield Agitation Inventory (CMAI) as well as frequency and duration of challenging behaviors. Secondary outcomes were changes in staff adjustment. There were improvements in challenging behaviors for both intervention conditions that included training in the BPSD instrument, but these were not maintained in the condition without clinical support. The training/support condition resulted in sustained improvements in both staff and resident variables, whereas the other conditions only led to improvement in some of the measured variables. These results demonstrate the effectiveness of the BPSD protocol in reducing BPSD and improving staff self-efficacy and stress.
Body image in social contexts
Publisher: Elsevier
Date: 2012
The role of identity in how whole-blood donors reflect on and construct their future as a plasma donor
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 29-07-2020
DOI: 10.1002/CASP.2429
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