ORCID Profile
0000-0002-7962-219X
Current Organisation
Murdoch University
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Research Topics
In Research Link Australia (RLA), "Research Topics" refer to ANZSRC FOR and SEO codes. These topics are either sourced from ANZSRC FOR and SEO codes listed in researchers' related grants or generated by a large language model (LLM) based on their publications.
Top 5 Research Topics
ANZSRC Field of Research (FoR)
Forestry Sciences | Plant Biology | Pests, Health And Diseases | Plant Pathology | Population And Ecological Genetics | Forestry Pests, Health and Diseases | Plant Pathology | Conservation And Biodiversity | Ecology | Environmental Science and Management | Genetics | Plant Cell and Molecular Biology | Terrestrial Ecology | Plant Physiology | Forestry Management and Environment | Environmental Management | Invasive Species Ecology | Conservation and Biodiversity | Environmental Rehabilitation (excl. Bioremediation) | Ecological Physiology |
ANZSRC Socio-Economic Objective (SEO)
Hardwood plantations | Native forests | Control of pests and exotic species | Native Forests | Control of Plant Pests, Diseases and Exotic Species in Forest and Woodlands Environments | Control of Animal Pests, Diseases and Exotic Species in Forest and Woodlands Environments | Ecosystem Assessment and Management of Forest and Woodlands Environments | Essential Oil Crops (e.g. Tea Tree, Eucalyptus, Lavender, Peppermint, Boronia, Sandalwood) | Hardwood Plantations | Rehabilitation of Degraded Mining Environments | Expanding Knowledge in the Environmental Sciences | Expanding Knowledge in the Biological Sciences | Flora, Fauna and Biodiversity at Regional or Larger Scales | Forest and Woodlands Flora, Fauna and Biodiversity
Related Links
Publications
Resistance to quambalaria shoot blight and myrtle rust in Corymbia calophylla seedlings
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 10-2022
DOI: 10.1111/EFP.12775
Abstract: Corymbia calophylla (marri), an endemic keystone tree species in southwest Western Australia, is increasingly impacted by the introduced basidiomycete smut Quambalaria pitereka . The basidiomycete rust Austropuccinia psidii (myrtle rust), an invasive pathogen recently introduced to Eastern Australia, is expected to spread to the southwest of Western Australia eventually. Austropuccinia psidii has similar epidemiology to Q . pitereka, and there is concern that C . calophylla may be susceptible. Preliminary pathogenicity tests showed significant differences in aggressiveness between twelve Q . pitereka isolates, and there was evidence of interactions between isolates and C . calophylla provenances. Seedlings from 59 open‐pollinated families from 11 provenances covering the natural range of marri were screened for resistance to Q . pitereka and A . psidii under controlled glasshouse conditions. Resistance of seedlings within provenances to Q . pitereka and A . psidii differed significantly. There was no significant correlation between resistance to Q . pitereka and resistance to A . psidii . Seedlings of provenances from wetter regions were more resistant to both pathogens, but the correlation coefficients were insignificant. Seedlings of four families in three provenances (Serpentine, Chidlow, and Kingston) showed 100% resistance to Q . pitereka . Narrow‐sense heritability estimates were 0.07 for quambalaria shoot blight resistance and 0.34 for myrtle rust resistance. The results indicate the potential to use selected families/in iduals resistant to Q . pitereka and A . psidii for tree improvement programs and adaptive management strategies.
Phytophthora boodjera sp. nov., a damping-off pathogen in production nurseries and from urban and natural landscapes, with an update on the status of P. alticola
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 06-10-2015
Re-evaluation of phytophthora species isolated during 30 years of vegetation health surveys in Western Australia using molecular techniques
Publisher: Scientific Societies
Date: 03-2009
Abstract: For 30 years, large-scale aerial photography has been used to map the extent of Phytophthora dieback disease in native forests in the southwest of Western Australia, with validation of the observations involving routine testing of soil and root s les for the presence of Phytophthora cinnamomi. In addition to P. cinnamomi, six morpho-species have been identified using this technique: P. citricola, P. megasperma, P. cryptogea, P. drechsleri, P. nicotianae, and P. boehmeriae. In recent years, many new Phytophthora species have been described worldwide, often with similar morphology to existing species thus, as many of the isolates collected in Western Australia have been difficult to identify based on morphology, molecular identification of the morpho-species is required. Based on lification of the internal transcribed spacer (ITS) region of the rDNA gene, sequence data of more than 230 isolates were compared with those of existing species and undescribed taxa. P. inundata, P. asparagi, P. taxon PgChlamydo, P. taxon personii, and P. taxon niederhauserii were identified based on sequence data. Phylogenetic analysis revealed that nine potentially new and undescribed taxa can be distinguished. Several of the new taxa are morphologically indistinguishable from species such as P. citricola, P. drechsleri, and P. megasperma. In some cases, the new taxa are closely related to species with similar morphology (e.g., P.sp.4 and P. citricola). However, the DNA sequences of other new taxa such as P.sp.3 and P.sp.9 show that they are not closely related to morphologically similar species P. drechsleri and P. megasperma, respectively. Most of the new taxa have been associated with dying Banksia spp., while P.sp.2 and P.sp.4 have also been isolated from dying Eucalyptus marginata (jarrah). Some taxa (P.sp.3, 6, and 7) appear to have limited distribution, while others like P.sp.4 are widespread.
Diversity and host association of the tropical tree endophyte Lasiodiplodia theobromae revealed using simple sequence repeat markers
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 22-11-2005
The challenge of understanding the origin, pathways and extent of fungal invasions: global populations of theNeofusicoccum parvum-N. ribisspecies complex
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 18-01-2013
DOI: 10.1111/DDI.12030
Fungal planet description sheets: 69-91
Publisher: Naturalis Biodiversity Center
Date: 30-06-2011
Population structure of the fungal pathogenHolocryphia eucalyptiin Australia and South Africa
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 2008
DOI: 10.1071/AP08004
International variation in phytosanitary legislation and regulations governing importation of plants for planting
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 08-2015
Global invasion history of the emerging plant pathogen Phytophthora multivora
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 22-02-2022
DOI: 10.1186/S12864-022-08363-5
Abstract: global trade in living plants and plant material has significantly increased the geographic distribution of many plant pathogens. As a consequence, several pathogens have been first found and described in their introduced range where they may cause severe damage on naïve host species. Knowing the center of origin and the pathways of spread of a pathogen is of importance for several reasons, including identifying natural enemies and reducing further spread. Several Phytophthora species are well-known invasive pathogens of natural ecosystems, including Phytophthora multivora. Following the description of P. multivora from dying native vegetation in Australia in 2009, the species was subsequently found to be common in South Africa where it does not cause any remarkable disease. There are now reports of P. multivora from many other countries worldwide, but not as a commonly encountered species in natural environments. a global collection of 335 isolates from North America, Europe, Africa, Australia, the Canary Islands, and New Zealand was used to unravel the worldwide invasion history of P. multivora, using 10 microsatellite markers for all isolates and sequence data from five loci from 94 representative isolates. Our population genetic analysis revealed an extremely low heterozygosity, significant non-random association of loci and substantial genotypic ersity suggesting the spread of P. multivora readily by both asexual and sexual propagules. The P. multivora populations in South Africa, Australia, and New Zealand show the most complex genetic structure, are well established and evolutionary older than those in Europe, North America and the Canary Islands. according to the conducted analyses, the world invasion of P. multivora most likely commenced from South Africa, which can be considered the center of origin of the species. The pathogen was then introduced to Australia, which acted as bridgehead population for Europe and North America. Our study highlights a complex global invasion pattern of P. multivora , including both direct introductions from the native population and secondary spread/introductions from bridgehead populations.
Health and nutrition of plantation eucalypts in Asia
Publisher: National Inquiry Services Center (NISC)
Date: 08-2008
Phytophthora bilorbang sp. nov., a new species associated with the decline of Rubus anglocandicans (European blackberry) in Western Australia
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 06-2012
23 years of research on Teratosphaeria leaf blight of Eucalyptus
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 07-2019
Introducing the Consolidated Species Concept to resolve species in the Teratosphaeriaceae
Publisher: Naturalis Biodiversity Center
Date: 10-12-2014
First report of Phytophthora capsici in the Lao PDR
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 08-06-2016
Field survey, isolation, identification and pathogenicity of Phytophthora species associated with a Mediterranean-type tree species
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 09-03-2018
DOI: 10.1111/EFP.12424
Soil amendments and suppression of Phytophthora root rot in avocado (Persea americana)
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 10-12-2023
Development of polymorphic microsatellite markers for the tree pathogen and sapstain agent, Ophiostoma ips
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 09-2002
Phytophthora Database 2.0: Update and future direction
Publisher: Scientific Societies
Date: 12-2013
DOI: 10.1094/PHYTO-01-13-0023-R
Abstract: The online community resource Phytophthora database (PD) was developed to support accurate and rapid identification of Phytophthora and to help characterize and catalog the ersity and evolutionary relationships within the genus. Since its release in 2008, the sequence database has grown to cover 1 to 12 loci for ≈2,600 isolates (representing 138 described and provisional species). Sequences of multiple mitochondrial loci were added to complement nuclear loci-based phylogenetic analyses and diagnostic tool development. Key characteristics of most newly described and provisional species have been summarized. Other additions to improve the PD functionality include: (i) geographic information system tools that enable users to visualize the geographic origins of chosen isolates on a global-scale map, (ii) a tool for comparing genetic similarity between isolates via microsatellite markers to support population genetic studies, (iii) a comprehensive review of molecular diagnostics tools and relevant references, (iv) sequence alignments used to develop polymerase chain reaction-based diagnostics tools to support their utilization and new diagnostic tool development, and (v) an online community forum for sharing and preserving experience and knowledge accumulated in the global Phytophthora community. Here we present how these improvements can support users and discuss the PD's future direction.
First report of Phytophthora nicotianae associated with Eucalyptus die‐back in South Africa
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 06-2001
Two novel and potentially endemic species of Phytophthora associated with episodic dieback of Kwongan vegetation in the south-west of Western Australia
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 27-04-2011
Non-native and native organisms moving into high elevation and high latitude ecosystems in an era of climate change: new challenges for ecology and conservation
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 30-11-2015
Development of simple sequence repeat markers for Botryosphaeria spp. with Fusicoccum anamorphs
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 16-09-2004
Bird communities in small native remnants of contrasting understorey condition within bluegum plantations
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 29-11-2010
Global movement and population biology of Mycosphaerella nubilosa infecting leaves of cold‐tolerant Eucalyptus globulus and E. nitens
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 19-03-2008
Fungal Planet description sheets: 1042–1111
Publisher: Naturalis Biodiversity Center
Date: 29-06-2020
DOI: 10.3767/PERSOONIA.2020.44.11
Abstract: Novel species of fungi described in this study include those from various countries as follows: Antarctica , Cladosporium arenosum from marine sediment sand. Argentina , Kosmimatamyces alatophylus (incl. Kosmimatamyces gen. nov.) from soil. Australia , Aspergillus banksianus , Aspergillus kumbius , Aspergillus luteorubrus , Aspergillus malvicolor and Aspergillus nanangensis from soil, Erysiphe medicaginis from leaves of Medicago polymorpha , Hymenotorrendiella communis on leaf litter of Eucalyptus bicostata , Lactifluus albopicri and Lactifluus austropiperatus on soil, Macalpinomyces collinsiae on Eriachne benthamii , Marasmius vagus on soil, Microdochium dawsoniorum from leaves of Sporobolus natalensis , Neopestalotiopsis nebuloides from leaves of Sporobolus elongatus , Pestalotiopsis etonensis from leaves of Sporobolus jacquemontii , Phytophthora personensis from soil associated with dying Grevillea mccutcheonii. Brazil , Aspergillus oxumiae from soil, Calvatia baixaverdensis on soil, Geastrum calycicoriaceum on leaf litter, Greeneria kielmeyerae on leaf spots of Kielmeyera coriacea . Chile , Phytophthora aysenensis on collar rot and stem of Aristotelia chilensis . Croatia , Mollisia gibbospora on fallen branch of Fagus sylvatica . Czech Republic , Neosetophoma hnaniceana from Buxus sempervirens . Ecuador , Exophiala frigidotolerans from soil. Estonia , Elaphomyces bucholtzii in soil. France , Venturia paralias from leaves of Euphorbia paralias . India , Cortinarius balteatoindicus and Cortinarius ulkhagarhiensis on leaf litter. Indonesia , Hymenotorrendiella indonesiana on Eucalyptus urophylla leaf litter. Italy , Penicillium taurinense from indoor chestnut mill. Malaysia , Hemileucoglossum kelabitense on soil, Satchmopsis pini on dead needles of Pinus tecunumanii . Poland , Lecanicillium praecognitum on insects' frass. Portugal , Neodevriesia aestuarina from saline water. Republic of Korea , Gongronella namwonensis from freshwater. Russia , Candida pellucida from Exomias pellucidus , Heterocephalacria septentrionalis as endophyte from Cladonia rangiferina , Vishniacozyma phoenicis from dates fruit, Volvariella paludosa from sw . Slovenia , Mallocybe crassivelata on soil. South Africa , Beltraniella podocarpi , Hamatocanthoscypha podocarpi , Coleophoma podocarpi and Nothoseiridium podocarpi (incl. Nothoseiridium gen. nov.)from leaves of Podocarpus latifolius , Gyrothrix encephalarti from leaves of Encephalartos sp., Paraphyton cutaneum from skin of human patient, Phacidiella alsophilae from leaves of Alsophila capensis , and Satchmopsis metrosideri on leaf litter of Metrosideros excelsa. Spain , Cladophialophora cabanerensis from soil, Cortinarius paezii on soil, Cylindrium magnoliae from leaves of Magnolia grandiflora , Trichophoma cylindrospora (incl. Trichophoma gen. nov.) from plant debris, Tuber alcaracense in calcareus soil, Tuber buendiae in calcareus soil. Thailand , Annulohypoxylon spougei on corticated wood, Poaceascoma filiforme from leaves of unknown Poaceae. UK , Dendrostoma luteum on branch lesions of Castanea sativa , Ypsilina buttingtonensis from heartwood of Quercus sp. Ukraine , Myrmecridium phragmiticola from leaves of Phragmites australis. USA , Absidia pararepens from air, Juncomyces californiensis (incl. Juncomyces gen. nov.) from leaves of Juncus effusus , Montagnula cylindrospora from a human skin s le, Muriphila oklahomaensis (incl. Muriphila gen. nov.)on outside wall of alcohol distillery, Neofabraea eucalyptorum from leaves of Eucalyptus macrandra , Diabolocovidia claustri (incl. Diabolocovidia gen. nov.)from leaves of Serenoa repens , Paecilomyces penicilliformis from air, Pseudopezicula betulae from leaves of leaf spots of Populus tremuloides . Vietnam , Diaporthe durionigena on branches of Durio zibethinus and Roridomyces pseudoirritans on rotten wood. Morphological and culture characteristics are supported by DNA barcodes.
Botryosphaeria spp. associated with eucalypts in Western Australia, including the description of Fusicoccum macroclavatum sp. nov.
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 2005
DOI: 10.1071/AP05073
Correction to: Rethinking soil water repellency and its management (Plant Ecology, (2019), 220, 10, (977-984), 10.1007/s11258-019-00967-4)
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 03-12-2020
Molecular characterization of natural hybrids formed between five related indigenous Clade 6 Phytophthora species
Publisher: Public Library of Science (PLoS)
Date: 06-08-2015
Habitat fragmentation in a Mediterranean-type forest alters resident and propagule mycorrhizal fungal communities
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 2020
Predictors of Phytophthora diversity and community composition in natural areas across diverse Australian ecoregions
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 04-12-2018
DOI: 10.1111/ECOG.03904
Evolutionary trait‐based approaches for predicting future global impacts of plant pathogens in the genus Phytophthora
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 23-12-2020
New and Interesting Fungi. 3
Publisher: Westerdijk Fungal Biodiversity Institute
Date: 15-12-2020
Abstract: Seven new genera, 26 new species, 10 new combinations, two epitypes, one new name, and 20 interesting new host and / or geographical records are introduced in this study. New genera are: Italiofungus (based on Italiofungus phillyreae ) on leaves of Phillyrea latifolia (Italy) Neol roconium (based on Neol roconium silvestre ) on branch of Tilia sp. (Ukraine) Neosorocybe (based on Neosorocybe pini ) on trunk of Pinus sylvestris (Ukraine) Nothoseptoria (based on Nothoseptoria caraganae ) on leaves of Caragana arborescens (Russia) Pruniphilomyces (based on Pruniphilomyces circumscissus ) on Prunus cerasus (Russia) Vesiculozygosporium (based on Vesiculozygosporium echinosporum ) on leaves of Muntingia calabura (Malaysia) Longiseptatispora (based on Longiseptatispora curvata ) on leaves of Lonicera tatarica (Russia). New species are: Barrmaelia serenoae on leaf of Serenoa repens (USA) Chaetopsina gautengina on leaves of unidentified grass (South Africa) Chloridium pini on fallen trunk of Pinus sylvestris (Ukraine) Cadophora fallopiae on stems of Reynoutria sachalinensis (Poland) Coleophoma eucalyptigena on leaf litter of Eucalyptus sp. (Spain) Cylindrium corymbiae on leaves of Corymbia maculata (Australia) Diaporthe tarchonanthi on leaves of Tarchonanthus littoralis (South Africa) Elsinoe eucalyptorum on leaves of Eucalyptus propinqua (Australia) Exophiala quercina on dead wood of Quercus sp., (Germany) Fusarium californicum on cambium of budwood of Prunus dulcis (USA) Hypomyces gamsii on wood of Alnus glutinosa (Ukraine) Kalmusia araucariae on leaves of Araucaria bidwillii (USA) Lectera sambuci on leaves of Sambucus nigra (Russia) Melanomma populicola on fallen twig of Populus canadensis (Netherlands), Neocladosporium syringae on branches of Syringa vulgarishorus (Ukraine) Paraconiothyrium iridis on leaves of Iris pseudacorus (Ukraine) Pararoussoella quercina on branch of Quercus robur (Ukraine) Phialemonium pulveris from bore dust of deathwatch beetle (France) Polyscytalum pinicola on needles of Pinus tecunumanii (Malaysia) Acervuloseptoria fraxini on Fraxinus pennsylvanica (Russia) Roussoella arundinacea on culms of Arundo donax (Spain) Sphaerulina neoaceris on leaves of Acer negundo (Russia) Sphaerulina salicicola on leaves of Salix fragilis (Russia) Trichomerium syzygii on leaves of Syzygium cordatum (South Africa) Uzbekistanica vitis-viniferae on dead stem of Vitis vinifera (Ukraine) Vermiculariopsiella eucalyptigena on leaves of Eucalyptus sp. (Australia).
Phytophthora aleatoria sp. nov., associated with root and collar damage on Pinus radiata from nurseries and plantations
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 08-04-2019
Permanent Genetic Resources added to Molecular Ecology Resources Database 1 October 2012–30 November 2012
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 25-01-2013
Abstract: This article documents the addition of 153 microsatellite marker loci to the Molecular Ecology Resources Database. Loci were developed for the following species: Brassica oleracea, Brycon amazonicus, Dimorphandra wilsonii, Eupallasella percnurus, Helleborus foetidus, Ipomoea purpurea, Phrynops geoffroanus, Prochilodus argenteus, Pyura sp., Sylvia atricapilla, Teratosphaeria suttonii, Trialeurodes vaporariorum and Trypanosoma brucei. These loci were cross-tested on the following species: Dimorphandra coccicinea, Dimorphandra cuprea, Dimorphandra gardneriana, Dimorphandra jorgei, Dimorphandra macrostachya, Dimorphandra mollis, Dimorphandra parviflora and Dimorphandra pennigera.
Urban trees: bridge-heads for forest pest invasions and sentinels for early detection
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 16-10-2017
The influence of time, soil moisture and exogenous factors on the survival potential of oospores and chlamydospores of Phytophthora cinnamomi
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 29-11-2020
DOI: 10.1111/EFP.12637
Comparison of Primers for the Detection of Phytophthora (and Other Oomycetes) from Environmental Samples
Publisher: MDPI AG
Date: 19-09-2022
DOI: 10.3390/JOF8090980
Abstract: Many oomycetes are important plant pathogens that cause devastating diseases in agricultural fields, orchards, urban areas, and natural ecosystems. Limitations and difficulties associated with isolating these pathogens have led to a strong uptake of DNA metabarcoding and mass parallel sequencing. At least 21 primer combinations have been designed to lify oomycetes, or more specifically, Phytophthora species, from environmental s les. We used the Illumina sequencing platform to compare 13 primer combinations on mock communities and environmental s les. The primer combinations tested varied significantly in their ability to lify Phytophthora species in a mock community and from environmental s les this was due to either low sensitivity (unable to detect species present in low concentrations) or a lack of specificity (an inability to lify some species even if they were present in high concentrations). Primers designed for oomycetes underestimated the Phytophthora community compared to Phytophthora-specific primers. We recommend using technical replicates, primer combinations, internal controls, and a phylogenetic approach for assigning a species identity to OTUs or ASVs. Particular care must be taken if s ling substrates where hybrid species could be expected. Overall, the choice of primers should depend upon the hypothesis being tested.
Selecting plant species to rehabilitate Phytophthora cinnamomi infested forest
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 16-08-2023
DOI: 10.1007/S13313-023-00934-8
Abstract: For most Western Australian plant species, no information is available on the effect of Phytophthora cinnamomi on seedling emergence, early survival, and early plant growth. Such information is required when selecting species for rehabilitating Eucalyptus marginata (jarrah) forest areas affected by Phytophthora dieback. This study evaluates the response of several native species to P. cinnamomi to identify those resistant to the pathogen at the early stages of plant development. Firstly, the effect of P. cinnamomi on seedling emergence and early survival was evaluated for 50 native species. Then, 24 species were selected and tested for their resistance to P. cinnamomi when more mature. They were infested at 5–7 months old and disease impact assessed after two months. Of 38 species that emerged in sufficient numbers for statistical analysis, P. cinnamomi did not affect either emergence or survival of 9 species, emergence or survival was decreased in 14 species, and both emergence and survival were significantly decreased in 15 species. Of the species tested at 5–7 months old, two were resistant, six were moderately resistant, ten were susceptible, three were highly susceptible, and three were tolerant hosts of P. cinnamomi . These results indicate that field resistance recorded from mature plants may be due to asymptomatic infection or resistance may not be present in seedlings. Therefore, data from mature plants may not be appropriate when selecting species for seed-based restoration.
The tripartite relationship between a bioturbator, mycorrhizal fungi, and a key Mediterranean forest tree
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 25-03-2018
DOI: 10.1111/AEC.12598
Multiple introductions from multiple sources: invasion patterns for an important E ucalyptus leaf pathogen
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 09-2015
DOI: 10.1002/ECE3.1693
First record of Mycosphaerella heimii in Australia
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 2005
DOI: 10.1071/AP05070
Phytophthora acaciivora sp. nov. associated with dying Acacia mangium in Vietnam
Publisher: Westerdijk Fungal Biodiversity Institute
Date: 15-12-2020
Abstract: Acacia mangium plantations account for more than 50 % of the exotic plantations in Vietnam. A new black butt symptom was discovered in 2012, followed by the wilting sign in Acacia seedlings in Tuyen Quang Province. Isolations recovered two Phytophthora species, the well-known Acacia pathogen P. cinnamomi , and an unknown species. The new species is described here as Phytophthora acaciivora sp. nov . Phylogenetically this species resides in clade 2d and is most closely related to P. frigida. Phytophthora acaciivora is a heterothallic species, oospores are aplerotic and antheridia are higynous. It produces predominantly elongated ovoid, semi papillate, persistent sporangia, no hyphal swellings and no chlamydospores. Optimum temperature for the growth is 25–30 °C and the maximum temperature is over 37.5 °C. Studies are underway to determine the impact of this new species on Acacia plantations in Vietnam.
New species of Mycosphaerella from Myrtaceae in plantations and native forests in eastern Australia
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Date: 05-2007
DOI: 10.3852/MYCOLOGIA.99.3.461
Abstract: The majority of Mycosphaerella species from eucalypts (Eucalyptus, Corymbia and Angophora) in Australia have been recorded only from trees growing in plantations. This illustrates a bias in research in the past two decades toward commercial enterprise, and it emphasises a lack of understanding of the occurrence of these important fungi under natural conditions. Surveys of foliar fungi in native forests in eastern Australia, as well as adjacent plantations, thus have been initiated in recent years. In this study we describe four new species of Mycosphaerella from Eucalyptus spp. as well as other Myrtaceae. Mycosphaerella tumulosa sp. nov. (anamorph: Pseudocercospora sp.) was found on more than seven species of Eucalyptus and Corymbia in native forests and plantations in northeastern New South Wales and southeastern Queensland and appears to be relatively common, although not damaging to these trees. Mycosphaerella multiseptata sp. nov. was recorded from several locations on species of Angophora in native forests and amenity plantings. Mycosphaerella pseudovespa sp. nov. was found in one location in native forest on E. biturbinata. The first species of Mycosphaerella to be described from Syncarpia, M. syncarpiae sp. nov., was found in native forests in numerous locations from Sydney through to northeastern New South Wales and appears to be relatively common.
Neofusicoccum parvum, a causal agent associated with cankers and decline of Norfolk Island pine in Australia
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 25-06-2011
First record of Neoscytalidium dimidiatum and N. novaehollandiae on Mangifera indica and N. dimidiatum on Ficus carica in Australia
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 2010
DOI: 10.1071/DN10018
Harmonising the fields of invasion science and forest pathology
Publisher: Pensoft Publishers
Date: 15-10-2020
DOI: 10.3897/NEOBIOTA.62.52991
Abstract: Invasive alien species are widely recognised as significant drivers of global environmental change, with far reaching ecological and socio-economic impacts. The trend of continuous increases in first records, with no apparent sign of saturation, is consistent across all taxonomic groups. However, taxonomic biases exist in the extent to which invasion processes have been studied. Invasive forest pathogens have caused, and they continue to result in dramatic damage to natural forests and woody ecosystems, yet their impacts are substantially underrepresented in the invasion science literature. Conversely, most studies of forest pathogens have been undertaken in the absence of a connection to the frameworks developed and used to study biological invasions. We believe this is, in part, a consequence of the mechanistic approach of the discipline of forest pathology one that has been inherited from the broader discipline of plant pathology. Rather than investigating the origins of, and the processes driving the arrival of invasive microorganisms, the focus of pathologists is generally to investigate specific interactions between hosts and pathogens, with an emphasis on controlling the resulting disease problems. In contrast, central to the field of invasion science, which finds its roots in ecology, is the development and testing of general concepts and frameworks. The lack of knowledge of microbial bio ersity and ecology, speciation and geographic origin present challenges in understanding invasive forest pathogens under existing frameworks, and there is a need to address this shortfall. Advances in molecular technologies such as gene and genome sequencing and metagenomics studies have increased the “visibility” of microorganisms. We consider whether these technologies are being adequately applied to address the gaps between forest pathology and invasion science. We also interrogate the extent to which the two fields stand to gain by becoming more closely linked.
Phytophthora niederhauserii sp. nov., a polyphagous species associated with ornamentals, fruit trees and native plants in 13 countries
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Date: 05-2014
DOI: 10.3852/12-119
Abstract: A non-papillate, heterothallic Phytophthora species first isolated in 2001 and subsequently from symptomatic roots, crowns and stems of 33 plant species in 25 unrelated botanical families from 13 countries is formally described here as a new species. Symptoms on various hosts included crown and stem rot, chlorosis, wilting, leaf blight, cankers and gumming. This species was isolated from Australia, Hungary, Israel, Italy, Japan, the Netherlands, Norway, South Africa, Spain, Taiwan, Turkey, the United Kingdom and United States in association with shrubs and herbaceous ornamentals grown mainly in greenhouses. The most prevalent hosts are English ivy (Hedera helix) and Cistus (Cistus salvifolius). The association of the species with acorn banksia (Banksia prionotes) plants in natural ecosystems in Australia, in affected vineyards (Vitis vinifera) in South Africa and almond (Prunus dulcis) trees in Spain and Turkey in addition to infection of shrubs and herbaceous ornamentals in a broad range of unrelated families are a sign of a wide ecological adaptation of the species and its potential threat to agricultural and natural ecosystems. The morphology of the persistent non-papillate ellipsoid sporangia, unique toruloid lobate hyphal swellings and higynous antheridia does not match any of the described species. Phylogenetic analysis based on sequences of the ITS rDNA, EF-1α, and β-tub supported that this organism is a hitherto unknown species. It is closely related to species in ITS clade 7b with the most closely related species being P. sojae. The name Phytophthora niederhauserii has been used in previous studies without the formal description of the holotype. This name is validated in this manuscript with the formal description of Phytophthora niederhauserii Z.G. Abad et J.A. Abad, sp. nov. The name is coined to honor Dr John S. Niederhauser, a notable plant pathologist and the 1990 World Food Prize laureate.
The Tree Decline Recovery Seesaw; a conceptual model of the decline and recovery of drought stressed plantation trees
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 06-2016
Mycosphaerella and Teratosphaeria diseases of Eucalyptus; easily confused and with serious consequences
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 18-08-2011
Botryosphaeria species from Eucalyptus in Australia are pleoanamorphic, producing Dichomera synanamorphs in culture
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 12-2005
DOI: 10.1017/S0953756205003989
Abstract: Species within the genus Botryosphaeria include some of the most widespread and important pathogens of woody plants, and have been the focus of numerous taxonomic studies in recent years. It is currently accepted that anamorphs of Botryosphaeria belong to two distinct genera, Fusicoccum and Diplodia. Species within the genus Fusicoccum commonly produce aseptate, hyaline conidia. In the present study, fungi were isolated from foliage and wood of Eucalyptus in native forests and plantations in Australia. Although these fungi produced Dichomera anamorphs in culture, they clustered within the Fusicoccum clade of Botryosphaeria based on their ITS sequence data. Four species, Botryosphaeria dothidea, B. parva, B. ribis and B. australis produced Dichomera conidia in culture. The Dichomera synanamorphs are described for these four species of Botryosphaeria. In addition, falling within the Fusicoccum clade of Botryosphaeria, two species were found to be distinct from previously described Botryosphaeria spp. based on their ITS sequences, but synonymous with D. versiformis and D. eucalypti. These observations are currently unique to isolates from host trees within the genus Eucalyptus in Australia, and the pleoanamorphic nature of these species is discussed.
Phytophthora cinnamomi exhibits phenotypic plasticity in response to cold temperatures
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 19-04-2020
IDphy: An international online resource for molecular and morphological identification of Phytophthora
Publisher: Scientific Societies
Date: 04-2022
DOI: 10.1094/PDIS-02-22-0448-FE
Abstract: Phytophthora, with 203 species, is a genus of high importance in agriculture worldwide. Here, we present the online resource “IDphy”, developed to facilitate the correct identification of species of Phytophthora using the type specimens from the original descriptions wherever possible. IDphy emphasizes species of high economic impact and regulatory concern for the United States. IDphy presents an interactive Lucid key and a tabular key for 161 culturable species described as of May 2018, including 141 ex-types and 20 well-authenticated specimens. IDphy contains standard operating procedures for morphological and molecular characterization, as well as a glossary, image gallery, and numerous links. Each of the 161 factsheets includes access to nomenclature and morphological and molecular features, including sequences of the internal transcribed spacer ribosomal DNA, cytochrome C oxidase subunit I (barcoding genes), YPT1, β-tubulin, elongation factor 1a, L10, heat shock protein 90, and other genes. IDphy contains an innovative in silico BLAST and phylogenetic sequence analysis using NCBI. The IDphy mobile app, released in August 2021 (free for Android or iOS), allows users to take the Lucid key into the laboratory. IDphy is the first online identification tool based on the ex-types implemented for plant pathogens. In this article, we also include information for 21 new species and one hybrid described after the publication of IDphy, the status of the specimens of the types and ex-types at international herbaria and culture collections, and the status of genomes at the GenBank (currently 153 genome assemblies which correspond to 42 described species, including 16 ex-types). The effectiveness of the IDphy online resource and the content of this article could inspire other researchers to develop additional identification tools for other important groups of plant pathogens.
Teratosphaeria pseudoeucalypti, new cryptic species responsible for leaf blight of Eucalyptus in subtropical and tropical Australia
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 09-2010
Towards Eradication of Phytophthora cinnamomi Using a Fallow Approach in a Mediterranean Climate
Publisher: MDPI AG
Date: 16-10-2020
DOI: 10.3390/F11101101
Abstract: While eradication from haul roads was achieved, more work is required to eradicate P. cinnamomi from stockpiles and bunds. We can now implement different management strategies to the construction of bunds and stockpiles to facilitate eradication. Infestation by Phytophthora cinnamomi results in large financial and management constraints to environmental managers. This pathogen was considered impossible to eradicate until recent success with treatments including host removal, herbicide and fungicide application, soil fumigation and physical root barriers. We investigated the most benign of these treatments keeping the area devoid of living host material. In a Western Australian mine site within a Mediterranean climate, haul roads, stockpiles and roadside bunds had P. cinnamomi colonised Pinus stem plugs buried at multiple depths. Over time, we examined the effects of soil moisture and temperature in different soil conditions and types to compare the recovery of the pathogen. Results: Within 12 months, the pathogen could not be recovered from the haul roads. In the stockpiles, depth produced significantly different results. In 3 of the 4 sites, the pathogen was not recovered at 10 cm after 20 months. By 12 months, at 50 cm, there was an 80% reduction in recovery, but only one stockpile had no recovery from 50 cm, which occurred by 36 months. Bunds were up to 1.75 m high and had variable results for plugs buried at 30 cm, influenced by height, the types of soils and shading. One of the smallest bunds was the only bund where the pathogen was not recoverable (by 22 months). This study provides strong support for using a fallow period to reduce or eliminate P. cinnamomi inoculum.
Variation in mycorrhizal development and growth stimulation by 20 Pisolithus isolates inoculated on to Eucalyptus grandis W. Hill ex Maiden
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 08-1994
DOI: 10.1111/J.1469-8137.1994.TB02977.X
Abstract: Twenty isolates of Pisolithus , covering u range of hosts, basidiocarp types and geographic locations were compared on their ability to form mycorrhiza in vitro with Eucalyptus grandis and to stimulate seedling growth in vivo. There was a large variation between isolates in the rate of mycorrhizal development and this was used to categorize isolates into six types. Mycorrhiza of seedlings inoculated with type I isolates were the most advanced with a dual‐layered mantle, a fully‐developed Harris net and radially elongated epidermal cells. Mycorrhiza of seedlings inoculated with types II V isolates were progressively less advanced so that mycorrhiza of type V isolates had a thin single‐layered mantle, the Hartig net was only partially developed and the epidermal cells were not elongated. Root lips of seedlings inoculated with type‐ VI isolates were non‐mycorrhizal. Inoculated seedlings were transplanted directly into undrained pots containing a yellow sand deficient in phosphorus. Growth stimulation of E. grandis seedlings in the glasshouse varied greatly between Pisolithus isolates, with dry weight increases ranging from two to 45 times that of the non‐inoculated control seedlings. Extent of mycorrhizal development was positively correlated to growth stimulation in the glasshouse and it is proposed that this could be used as an indicator of isolate aggressiveness and consequently the potential of an isolate to promote tree growth.
Metabarcoding reveals southern hemisphere fungal endophytes within wood of cultivated Proteaceae in Portugal
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 14-02-2021
Distribution of Diplodia pinea and its genotypic diversity within asymptomatic Pinus patula trees
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 21-05-2011
Exotic pine forestry in the southern hemisphere: A brief history of establishment and quarantine practices
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Date: 11-2001
Importance of climate, anthropogenic disturbance and pathogens (Quambalaria coyrecup and Phytophthora spp.) on marri (Corymbia calophylla) tree health in southwest Western Australia
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 14-08-2017
Development and characterization of microsatellite loci for the tropical tree pathogen Botryosphaeria rhodina
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 15-01-2003
Age-related susceptibility of Eucalyptus species to Phytophthora boodjera
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 08-09-2017
DOI: 10.1111/PPA.12592
First report ofAlternariablight ofPaulowniaspp.
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 2005
DOI: 10.1071/AP04087
Potential host range of four Phytophthora interspecific hybrids from Clade 8a
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 22-05-2020
DOI: 10.1111/PPA.13205
Distribution and diversity of Phytophthora across Australia
Publisher: CSIRO Publishing
Date: 2017
DOI: 10.1071/PC16032
Abstract: The introduction and subsequent impact of Phytophthora cinnamomi within native vegetation is one of the major conservation issues for bio ersity in Australia. Recently, many new Phytophthora species have been described from Australia’s native ecosystems however, their distribution, origin, and potential impact remain unknown. Historical bias in Phytophthora detection has been towards sites showing symptoms of disease, and traditional isolation methods show variable effectiveness of detecting different Phytophthora species. However, we now have at our disposal new techniques based on the s ling of environmental DNA and metabarcoding through the use of high-throughput sequencing. Here, we report on the ersity and distribution of Phytophthora in Australia using metabarcoding of 640 soil s les and we compare the ersity detected using this technique with that available in curated databases. Phytophthora was detected in 65% of sites, and phylogenetic analysis revealed 68 distinct Phytophthora phylotypes. Of these, 21 were identified as potentially unique taxa and 25 were new detections in natural areas and/or new introductions to Australia. There are 66 Phytophthora taxa listed in Australian databases, 43 of which were also detected in this metabarcoding study. This study revealed high Phytophthora richness within native vegetation and the additional records provide a valuable baseline resource for future studies. Many of the Phytophthora species now uncovered in Australia’s native ecosystems are newly described and until more is known we need to be cautious with regard to the spread and conservation management of these new species in Australia’s unique ecosystems.
Phosphorus limitation, soil-borne pathogens and the coexistence of plant species in hyperdiverse forests and shrublands
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 10-12-2015
DOI: 10.1111/NPH.13203
Abstract: Hyper erse forests occur in the lowland tropics, whereas the most species‐rich shrublands are found in regions such as south‐western Australia (kwongan) and South Africa (fynbos). Despite large differences, these ecosystems share an important characteristic: their soils are strongly weathered and phosphorus (P) is a key growth‐limiting nutrient. Soil‐borne pathogens are increasingly being recognized as drivers of plant ersity in lowland tropical rainforests, but have received little attention in species‐rich shrublands. We suggest a trade‐off in which the species most proficient at acquiring P have ephemeral roots that are particularly susceptible to soil‐borne pathogens. This could equalize out the differences in competitive ability among co‐occurring species in these ecosystems, thus contributing to coexistence. Moreover, effective protection against soil‐borne pathogens by ectomycorrhizal ( ECM ) fungi might explain the occurrence of monodominant stands of ECM trees and shrubs amongst otherwise species‐rich communities. We identify gaps in our knowledge which need to be filled in order to evaluate a possible link between P limitation, fine root traits, soil‐borne pathogens and local plant species ersity. Such a link may help to explain how numerous plant species can coexist in hyper erse rainforests and shrublands, and, conversely, how monodominant stands can develop in these ecosystems. Contents Summary 507 I. Hyper erse forests and shrublands 507 II. Evidence for P limitation 509 III. Negative density dependence 510 IV. The importance of soil‐borne pathogens 510 V. A trade‐off between efficient P acquisition and fine root defence? 512 VI. Perspectives 516 VII. Conclusions 518 Acknowledgements 518 References 518
Species from within the Phytophthora cryptogea complex and related species, P. erythroseptica and P. sansomeana , readily hybridize
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 08-2016
DOI: 10.1016/J.FUNBIO.2016.05.002
Abstract: During a study on the phylogenetic relationships between species in the Phytophthora cryptogea complex and related species, Phytophthora erythroseptica and Phytophthora sansomeana, 19 hybrid isolates with multiple polymorphisms in the nuclear sequences were observed. Molecular characterization of hybrids was achieved by sequencing three nuclear (internal transcribed spacers, β-tubulin (TUB), heat shock protein 90) and two mitochondrial (cytochrome c oxidase subunit I (coxI), NADH dehydrogenase subunit I (NADH)) gene regions and cloning of the single-copy nuclear gene, TUB. Based on the molecular studies the hybrid isolates belonged to six distinct groups between P. cryptogea, P. erythroseptica, Phytophthora pseudocryptogea, P. sansomeana, and Phytophthora sp. kelmania. In all cases, only a single coxI and NADH allele was detected and nuclear genes were biparentally inherited, suggesting that the hybrids arose from sexual recombination events. Colony morphology, growth rate, cardinal temperatures, breeding system, and morphology of sporangia, oogonia, oospores, and antheridia were also determined. Some morphological differences between the hybrids and the parental species were noted however, they were not sufficient to reliably distinguish the taxa and DNA markers from nuclear and mitochondrial genes will to be necessary for their identification. The parental species are all important pathogens of agricultural fields that have been transported globally. With the apparent ease of hybridization within this group there is le opportunity for virulent hybrids to form, perhaps with extended host ranges.
Re-evaluation of the Phytophthora cryptogea species complex and the description of a new species, Phytophthora pseudocryptogea sp. nov
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 26-10-2015
Phytophthora and vascular plant species distributions along a steep elevation gradient
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 05-01-2021
Endophytes as potential pathogens of the baobab species Adansonia gregorii: a focus on the Botryosphaeriaceae
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 02-2011
Sample volume affects the number of Phytophthora and Phytopythium species detected by soil baiting
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 03-03-2023
DOI: 10.1007/S10658-023-02661-8
Abstract: More Phytophthora species are detected from environmental s les through DNA metabarcoding than are isolated by baiting. We investigated whether bulking soil s les and baiting ~ 300 g s les in standard 1 L tubs resulted in the isolation of fewer Phytophthora and Phytophythium species compared with using 15 – 20 g s les of non-bulked soil in in idual 200 ml tubs. At each of four sites with dying vegetation, 50 soil s les were collected and baited separately in small tubs, followed by plating of lesioned baits over 7 days. The number of Phytophthora species obtained was compared with those obtained from bulking the 50 s les and baiting subs les in large tubs. Half of the asymptomatic baits were plated on day 7 and the remaining were assessed for the presence of Phytophthora using metabarcoding. Root s les with rhizosphere soil from the bulked soil in each site were also assessed using metabarcoding. A higher number of Phytophthora species was recovered from each site from baiting small volumes of non-bulked soil than large volumes of bulked soils. Metabarcoding of the asymptomatic baits revealed species not isolated from lesioned baits. More species were detected from the roots using metabarcoding than were isolated from baits. Metabarcoding did not reveal any species from the rhizosphere soil and roots that were not also detected from metabarcoding of the asymptomatic baits and/or plating. The numbers of Phytopythium species detected using the different methods followed the same trend as for Phytophthora . It was concluded that baiting small s les from across a site in separate small tubs results in the isolation of a higher number of Phytophthora species than the standard technique of baiting large s les of bulked soils, and that this, together with metabarcoding of asymptomatic baits, detects the highest total number of species.
Two new Phytophthora species from South African Eucalyptus plantations
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 11-2007
DOI: 10.1016/J.MYCRES.2007.08.011
Abstract: A recent study to determine the cause of collar and root rot disease outbreaks of cold tolerant Eucalyptus species in South Africa resulted in the isolation of two putative new Phytophthora species. Based on phylogenetic comparisons using the ITS and beta-tubulin gene regions, these species were shown to be distinct from known species. These differences were also supported by robust morphological characteristics. The names, Phytophthora frigida sp. nov. and Phytophthora alticola sp. nov. are thus provided for these taxa, which are phylogenetically closely related to species within the ITS clade 2 (P. citricola, P. tropicali and P.multivesiculata) and 4 (P. arecae and P. megakarya), respectively. Phytophthora frigida is heterothallic, and produces stellate to rosaceous growth patterns on growth medium, corraloid hyphae, sporangia with a variety of distorted shapes and has the ability to grow at low temperatures. Phytophthora alticola is homothallic and has a slower growth rate in culture. Both P. frigida and P. alticola are pathogenic to Eucalyptus dunnii. In pathogenicity tests, they were, however, less pathogenic than P. cinnamomi, which is a well-known pathogen of Eucalyptus in South Africa.
Lags in the response of mountain plant communities to climate change
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 27-11-2017
DOI: 10.1111/GCB.13976
Plants for planting; indirect evidence for the movement of a serious forest pathogen, Teratosphaeria destructans, in Asia
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 21-04-2011
A qPCR Assay for the Detection of Phytophthora cinnamomi Including an mRNA Protocol Designed to Establish Propagule Viability in Environmental Samples
Publisher: Scientific Societies
Date: 09-2019
DOI: 10.1094/PDIS-09-18-1641-RE
Abstract: Phytophthora cinnamomi causes root and collar rot in many plant species in natural ecosystems and horticulture. A species-specific primer and probe PCIN5 were designed based on a mitochondrial locus encoding subunit 2 of cytochrome c oxidase (cox2). Eight PCR primers, including three forward and five reverse, were designed and tested in all possible combinations. Annealing temperatures were optimized for each primer pair set to maximize both specificity and sensitivity. Each set was tested against P. cinnamomi and two closely related clade 7 species, P. parvispora and P. niederhauseri. From these tests, five primer pairs were selected based on specificity and, with a species-specific P. cinnamomi probe, used to develop quantitative real-time PCR (qPCR) assays. The specificity of the two most sensitive qPCR assays was confirmed using the genomic DNA of 29 Phytophthora isolates, including 17 isolates of 11 species from clade 7, and representative species from nine other clades (all except clade 3). The assay was able to detect as little as 150 ag of P. cinnamomi DNA and showed no cross-reaction with other Phytophthora species, except for P. parvispora, a very closely related species to P. cinnamomi, which showed late lification at high DNA concentrations. The efficiency of the qPCR protocol was evaluated with environmental s les including roots and associated soil from plants artificially infected with P. cinnamomi. Different RNA isolation kits were tested and evaluated for their performance in the isolation of RNA from environmental s les, followed by cDNA synthesis, and qPCR assay. Finally, a protocol was recommended for determining the presence of P. cinnamomi in recalcitrant environmental s les.
First record of Colletogloeopsis zuluense comb. nov., causing a stem canker of Eucalyptus in China
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 02-2006
DOI: 10.1016/J.MYCRES.2005.08.012
Abstract: Coniothyrium zuluense causes a serious canker disease of Eucalyptus in various parts of the world. Very little is known regarding the taxonomy of this asexual fungus, which was provided with a name based solely on morphological characteristics. In this study we consider the phylogenetic position of C. zuluense using DNA-based techniques. Distance analysis using 18S and ITS regions revealed extensive sequence ergence relative to the type species of Coniothyrium, C. palmarum and species of Paraconiothyrium. Coniothyrium zuluense was shown to be an anamorph species of Mycosphaerella, a genus that includes a wide range of Eucalyptus leaf and stem pathogens. Within Mycosphaerella it clustered with taxa having pigmented, verruculose, aseptate conidia that proliferate percurrently and sympodially from pigmented conidiogenous cells arranged in conidiomata that vary from being pycnidial to acervular. The genus Colletogloeopsis is emended to include species with pycnidial conidiomata, and the new combination Colletogloeopsis zuluense is proposed. This is also the first report of the pathogen from China where it is associated with stem cankers on Eucalyptus urophylla.
Pathogens on the Move: A 100-Year Global Experiment with Planted Eucalypts
Publisher: Oxford University Press (OUP)
Date: 07-12-2017
DNA sequence incongruence and inconsistent morphology obscure species boundaries in the Teratosphaeria suttonii species complex
Publisher: The Mycological Society of Japan
Date: 07-2012
Fishing for Phytophthora from Western Australia's waterways: A distribution and diversity survey
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 24-01-2013
Multiple gene genealogies reveal important relationships between species of Phaeophleospora infecting Eucalyptus leaves
Publisher: Oxford University Press (OUP)
Date: 03-2007
DOI: 10.1111/J.1574-6968.2007.00637.X
Abstract: The majority of Eucalyptus species are native to Australia, but worldwide there are over 3 million ha of exotic plantations, especially in the tropics and subtropics. Of the numerous known leaf diseases, three species of Phaeophleospora can cause severe defoliation of young Eucalyptus Phaeophleospora destructans, Phaeophleospora eucalypti and Phaeophleospora epicoccoides. Phaeophleospora destructans has a major impact on seedling survival in Asia and has not, as yet, been found in Australia where it is considered a serious threat to the biosecurity of native eucalypts. It can be difficult to distinguish Phaeophleospora species based on symptoms and micromorphology and an unequivocal diagnostic tool for quarantine purposes would be useful. In this study, a multiple gene genealogy of these Phaeophleospora species and designed specific primers has been constructed to detect their presence from leaf s les. The phylogenetic position of these Phaeophleospora species within Mycosphaerella was established. They are closely related to each other and to other important Eucalyptus pathogens, Mycosphaerella nubilosa, Mycosphaerella cryptica and Colletogloeopsis zuluensis. The specific primers developed can now be used for diagnostic and screening purposes within Australia.
Fungal planet description sheets: 107-127
Publisher: Naturalis Biodiversity Center
Date: 30-06-2012
Evaluation of microsatellite primers developed for grapevine downy mildew, Plasmopara viticola, on Australian isolates
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 14-12-2018
The opportunistic pathogen,Neofusicoccum australe, is responsible for crown dieback of peppermint (Agonis flexuosa) in Western Australia
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 2010
DOI: 10.1071/AP09085
The ability of 16 ectomycorrhizal fungi to increase growth and phosphorus uptake of Eucalyptus globulus Labill and E. diversicolor F. Muell
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 06-1993
DOI: 10.1007/BF00012988
Teratosphaeria pseudonubilosa sp. nov., a serious Eucalyptus leaf pathogen in the Teratosphaeria nubilosa species complex
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 22-08-2013
Persistence and degradation of Phytophthora cinnamomi DNA and RNA in different soil types
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 12-08-2020
DOI: 10.1002/EDN3.127
Global biogeography and invasion risk of the plant pathogen genus Phytophthora
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 11-2019
A class-wide phylogenetic assessment of Dothideomycetes
Publisher: Westerdijk Fungal Biodiversity Institute
Date: 2009
Quambalaria species associated with plantation and native eucalypts in Australia
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 18-07-2008
New cryptic species of Teratosphaeria on Eucalyptus in Australia
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 20-10-2016
Botryosphaeriaceae from tuart (Eucalyptus gomphocephala) woodland, including descriptions of four new species
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 03-2009
DOI: 10.1016/J.MYCRES.2008.11.010
Abstract: Eucalyptus gomphocephala (tuart) is a tree native to the southwest coast of Western Australia, where, in some areas, there is a significant decline in the health of tuart. Botryosphaeriaceous taxa have been isolated as endophytes and canker pathogens from numerous hosts in many parts of the world and have been implicated in the decline of E. gomphocephala. In the present study, endophytic fungi were isolated from a wide variety of native woody plant species (Acacia cochlearis, A. rostellifera, Allocasuarina fraseriana, Agonis flexuosa, Banksia grandis, E. gomphocephala, E. marginata and Santalum acuminatum), at two locations in native E. gomphocephala woodland a site in decline at Yalgorup National Park and a healthy site at Woodman Point Regional Park. Of the 226 isolates obtained, 154 were botryosphaeriaceous taxa, 80% of which were found to be Neofusicoccum australe, isolated from all hosts at both collection sites. Four new species are described, Dothiorella moneti, Dothiorella santali, Neofusicoccum pennatisporum, and a species belonging to a genus only recently included in the Botryosphaeriaceae, Aplosporella yalgorensis. The other species isolated were Botryosphaeria dothidea on the new hosts A. rostellifera, A. cochlearis and E. marginata and Dichomera eucalypti, on the new host E. marginata. None of the new species formed lesions on excised stems of their host species, E. gomphocephala, or a common plantation species, E. globulus. However, Neofusicoccum australe formed lesions on excised stems of E. globulus and E. gomphocephala.
A diverse range of Phytophthora species are associated with dying urban trees
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 2013
Cryptic species, native populations and biological invasions by a eucalypt forest pathogen
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 10-08-2012
Antimicrobials in Phytophthora isolation media and the growth of Phytophthora species
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 15-06-2020
DOI: 10.1111/PPA.13224
Global distribution ofDiplodia pineagenotypes revealed using simple sequence repeat (SSR) markers
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 2004
DOI: 10.1071/AP04067
Three new Lasiodiplodia spp. from the tropics, recognized based on DNA sequence comparisons and morphology
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Date: 05-2006
DOI: 10.3852/MYCOLOGIA.98.3.423
Abstract: Botryosphaeria rhodina (anamorph Lasiodiplodia theobromae) is a common endophyte and opportunistic pathogen on more than 500 tree species in the tropics and subtropics. During routine disease surveys of plantations in Australia and Venezuela several isolates differing from L. theobromae were identified and subsequently characterized based upon morphology and ITS and EF1-alpha nucleotide sequences. These isolates grouped into three strongly supported clades related to but different from the known taxa, B. rhodina and L. gonubiensis, These have been described here as three new species L. venezuelensis sp. nov., L. crassispora sp. nov. and L. rubropurpurea sp. nov. The three could be distinguished easily from each other and the two described species of Lasiodiplodia, thus confirming phylogenetic separations. Furthermore all five Lasiodiplodia spp. now recognized separated from Diplodia spp. and Dothiorella spp. with 100% bootstrap support.
Fungal Planet description sheets: 1112–1181
Publisher: Naturalis Biodiversity Center
Date: 31-12-2020
DOI: 10.3767/PERSOONIA.2020.45.10
Abstract: Novel species of fungi described in this study include those from various countries as follows: Australia , Austroboletus asper on soil, Cylindromonium alloxyli on leaves of Alloxylon pinnatum, Davidhawksworthia quintiniae on leaves of Quintinia sieberi, Exophiala prostantherae on leaves of Prostanthera sp., Lactifluus lactiglaucus on soil, Linteromyces quintiniae (incl. Linteromyces gen. nov.) on leaves of Quintinia sieberi , Lophotrichus medusoides from stem tissue of Citrus garrawayi , Mycena pulchra on soil, Neocalonectria tristaniopsidis (incl. Neocalonectria gen. nov.)and Xyladictyochaeta tristaniopsidis on leaves of Tristaniopsis collina, Parasarocladium tasmanniae on leaves of Tasmannia insipida , Phytophthora aquae-cooljarloo from pond water, Serendipita whamiae as endophyte from roots of Eriochilus cucullatus , Veloboletus limbatus (incl. Veloboletus gen. nov.)onsoil. Austria , Cortinarius glaucoelotus onsoil. Bulgaria , Suhomyces rilaensis from the gut of Bolitophagus interruptus found on a Polyporus sp. Canada , Cantharellus betularum among leaf litter of Betula , Penicillium saanichii from house dust. Chile , Circinella l ensis on soil, Exophiala embothrii from rhizosphere of Embothrium coccineum . China, Colletotrichum cycadis on leaves of Cycas revoluta . Croatia , Phialocephala melitaea on fallen branch of Pinus halepensis . Czech Republic , Geoglossum jirinae on soil, Pyrenochaetopsis rajhradensis from dead wood of Buxus sempervirens. Dominican Republic , Amanita domingensis on litter of deciduous wood, Melanoleuca dominicana on forest litter. France , Crinipellis nigrolamellata (Martinique) on leaves of Pisonia fragrans , Talaromyces pulveris from bore dust of Xestobium rufovillosum infesting floorboards. French Guiana , Hypoxylon hepaticolor on dead corticated branch. Great Britain , Inocybe ionolepis on soil. India , Cortinarius indopurpurascens among leaf litter of Quercus leucotrichophora . Iran , Pseudopyricularia javanii on infected leaves of Cyperus sp., Xenomonodictys iranica (incl. Xenomonodictys gen. nov.) on wood of Fagus orientalis . Italy , Penicillium vallebormidaense from compost. Namibia , Alternaria mirabibensis on plant litter, Curvularia moringae and Moringomyces phantasmae (incl. Moringomyces gen. nov.) on leaves and flowers of Moringa ovalifolia, Gobabebomyces vachelliae (incl. Gobabebomyces gen. nov.) on leaves of Vachellia erioloba, Preussia procaviae on dung of Procavia capensis . Pakistan , Russula shawarensis from soil on forest floor. Russia , Cyberlindnera dauci from Daucus carota . South Africa , Acremonium behniae on leaves of Behnia reticulata, Dothiora aloidendri and Hantamomyces aloidendri (incl. Hantamomyces gen. nov.) on leaves of Aloidendron dichotomum , Endoconidioma euphorbiae on leaves of Euphorbia mauritanica , Eucasphaeria proteae on leaves of Protea neriifolia , Exophiala mali from inner fruit tissue of Malus sp., Graminopassalora geissorhizae on leaves of Geissorhiza splendidissima , Neocamarosporium leipoldtiae on leaves of Leipoldtia schultzii , Neocladosporium osteospermi on leaf spots of Osteospermum moniliferum , Neometulocladosporiella seifertii on leaves of Combretum caffrum , Paramyrothecium pituitipietianum on stems of Grielum humifusum , Phytopythium paucipapillatum from roots of Vitis sp., Stemphylium carpobroti and Verrucocladosporium carpobroti on leaves of Carpobrotus quadrifolius , Suttonomyces cephalophylli on leaves of Cephalophyllum pilansii . Sweden , Coprinopsis rubra on cow dung, Elaphomyces nemoreus fromdeciduouswoodlands. Spain , Polyscytalum pini-canariensis on needles of Pinus canariensis , Pseudosubramaniomyces septatus from stream sediment, Tuber lusitanicum on soil under Quercus suber . Thailand , Tolypocladium flavonigrum on Elaphomyces sp. USA , Chaetothyrina spondiadis on fruits of Spondias mombin, Gymnascella minnisii from bat guano, Juncomyces patwiniorum on culms of Juncus effusus , Moelleriella puertoricoensis on scale insect, Neodothiora populina (incl. Neodothiora gen. nov.) on stem cankers of Populus tremuloides , Pseudogymnoascus palmeri fromcavesediment. Vietnam , Cyphellophora vietnamensis on leaf litter, Tylopilus subotsuensis on soil in montane evergreen broadleaf forest. Morphological and culture characteristics are supported by DNA barcodes.
Multiple gene genealogies and microsatellite markers reflect relationships between morphotypes of Sphaeropsis sapinea and distinguish a new species of Diplodia
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 05-2003
DOI: 10.1017/S0953756203007706
Abstract: Sphaeropsis sapinea is an opportunistic pathogen causing serious damage to conifers, pre-disposed by adverse environmental conditions or mechanical damage. Three different morphological forms of the fungus have been described and are commonly referred to as the A, B and C morphotypes. Isolates of the different morphotypes have also been separated based on differences in pathogenicity and molecular characteristics. These differences, however, overlap and have not been considered sufficiently robust to justify the description of separate taxa. The aim of this study was to consider relationships between isolates representing different S. sapinea morphotypes, using multiple gene genealogies inferred from partial sequences of six protein-coding genes and six microsatellite loci. Genealogies generated for the protein-coding genes and microsatellite loci were not congruent but both consistently grouped isolates representing the A and C morphotypes in separate but closely related clades. In contrast, isolates of the B morphotype grouped together in a clade that was equally different to the A and C morphotypes as it was to the clade encompassing isolates of Botryosphaeria obtusa. These results provide strong evidence to show that the B morphotype isolates are distantly related to S. sapinea and represent a discrete taxon, which we describe here as Diplodia scrobiculata sp. nov.
Fungal Planet description sheets: 281–319
Publisher: Naturalis Biodiversity Center
Date: 10-12-2014
Names of Phytopathogenic Fungi: A Practical Guide
Publisher: Scientific Societies
Date: 09-2021
DOI: 10.1094/PHYTO-11-20-0512-PER
Abstract: Using the correct name for phytopathogenic fungi and oomycetes is essential for communicating knowledge about species and their biology, control, and quarantine as well as for trade and research purposes. However, many plant pathogenic fungi are pleomorphic, meaning they produce different asexual (anamorph) and sexual (teleomorph) morphs in their life cycles. Therefore, more than one name has been applied to different morphs of the same species, which has confused users. The onset of DNA technologies makes it possible to connect different morphs of the same species, resulting in a move to a more natural classification system for fungi in which a single name for a genus and species can now be used. This move to a single nomenclature, coupled with the advent of molecular systematics and the introduction of polythetic taxonomic approaches, has been the main driving force for a reclassification of fungi, including pathogens. Nonetheless, finding the correct name for species remains challenging. In this article we outline a series of steps or considerations to greatly simplify this process and provide links to various online databases and resources to aid in determining the correct name. Additionally, a list of accurate names is provided for the most common genera and species of phytopathogenic fungi. [Formula: see text] Copyright © 2021 The Author(s). This is an open access article distributed under the CC BY-NC-ND 4.0 International license .
Fungal and bacterial endophytes antagonistic to Phytophthora species causing root rot in Cinnamomum cassia
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 22-03-2023
DOI: 10.1007/S11557-023-01878-5
Abstract: Endophytes were investigated for their potential to protect Cinnamomum cassia (cinnamon) from Phytophthora root rot. From healthy cinnamon trees in diseased plantations, 134 bacterial and fungal endophytes were isolated and screened in vitro for their ability to antagonise the root rot pathogens Phytophthora cinnamomi , P. multibullata and P. × vanyenensis . Seventeen endophytes exhibiting high levels of antagonism in vitro (more than 45%) were then tested in a glasshouse study for their ability to reduce the impact of Phytophthora infection in cinnamon seedlings. Trials using cinnamon seeds or seedlings inoculated with an endophyte and then infested with Phytophthora identified three endophytes expressing high levels of disease suppression (based on root damage reduction) and plant growth promotion. These were Penicillium citrinum , Xylaria curta and Clonostachys rosea . These endophytes can potentially be used in the biological control of root rot in cinnamon, but this must be explored further under field conditions.
Phylogenetic reassessment supports accommodation of Phaeophleospora and Colletogloeopsis from eucalypts in Kirramyces
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 10-2007
DOI: 10.1016/J.MYCRES.2007.07.003
Abstract: Species of Phaeophleospora are anamorphs of Mycosphaerella and they include some of the most serious foliar pathogens of Eucalyptus spp. grown in plantations worldwide. Pathogens assigned to this genus and occurring on Eucalyptus spp. were previously treated in Kirramyces and they are also phylogenetically closely related to other anamorphs of Mycosphaerella residing in the genus Colletogloeopsis. The primary aim of this study was to consider the appropriate taxonomic placement of these species. To achieve this goal, morphological characteristics and DNA sequence data from the ITS and translation EF1-alpha gene regions were used to compare the type species P. eugeniae, Phaeophleospora spp. and Colletogloeopsis spp. occurring on eucalypts, using ex-type cultures and herbarium specimens. Phylogenetic data and morphological comparisons supported the separation of P. eugeniae from Phaeophleospora species occurring on eucalypts. The name Phaeophleospora is retained for P. eugeniae and the name Kirramyces is resurrected for the species occurring on eucalypts (genera Eucalyptus, Corymbia, and Angophora). Sequence data from the type specimens of two previously described species of Kirramyces, K. lilianiae and K. delegatensis, show they reside in a clade with other Kirramyces spp. Morphological and DNA sequence comparisons also showed that there is considerable overlap between species of Phaeophleospora and Colletogloeopsis from eucalypts. Based on these findings, Colletogloeopsis is reduced to synonymy with the older Kirramyces and the description of Kirramyces is emended to include species with aseptate, as well as multiseptate, conidia produced in acervuli or pycnidia. Two new species of Kirramyces, K. angophorae and K. corymbiae, are also described.
Phytophthora species isolated from alpine and sub-alpine regions of Australia, including the description of two new species; Phytophthora cacuminis sp. nov and Phytophthora oreophila sp. nov
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 2019
DOI: 10.1016/J.FUNBIO.2018.10.006
Abstract: Plant deaths had been observed in the sub-alpine and alpine areas of Australia. Although no detailed aetiology was established, patches of dying vegetation and progressive thinning of canopy suggested the involvement of root pathogens. Baiting of roots and associated rhizosphere soil from surveys conducted in mountainous regions New South Wales and Tasmania resulted in the isolation of eight Phytophthora species Phytophthora cactorum, Phytophthora cryptogea, Phytophthora fallax, Phytophthora gonapodyides, Phytophthora gregata, Phytophthora pseudocryptogea, and two new species, Phytophthora cacuminis sp. nov and Phytophthora oreophila sp. nov, described here. P. cacuminis sp. nov is closely related to P. fallax, and was isolated from asymptomatic Eucalyptus coccifera and species from the family Proteaceae in Mount Field NP in Tasmania. P. oreophila sp. nov, was isolated from a disturbed alpine herbfield in Kosciuzsko National Park. The low cardinal temperature for growth of the new species suggest they are well adapted to survive under these conditions, and should be regarded as potential threats to the erse flora of sub-alpine/alpine ecosystems. P. gregata and P. cryptogea have already been implicated in poor plant health. Tests on a range of alpine/subalpine plant species are now needed to determine their pathogenicity, host range and invasive potential.
Rethinking soil water repellency and its management
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 29-08-2019
Invasion Frameworks: a Forest Pathogen Perspective
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 21-02-2022
Foliar pathogens of eucalypts
Publisher: Westerdijk Fungal Biodiversity Institute
Date: 09-2019
DOI: 10.1016/J.SIMYCO.2019.08.001
Abstract: Species of eucalypts are commonly cultivated for solid wood and pulp products. The expansion of commercially managed eucalypt plantations has chiefly been driven by their rapid growth and suitability for propagation across a very wide variety of sites and climatic conditions. Infection of foliar fungal pathogens of eucalypts is resulting in increasingly negative impacts on commercial forest industries globally. To assist in evaluating this threat, the present study provides a global perspective on foliar pathogens of eucalypts. We treat 110 different genera including species associated with foliar disease symptoms of these hosts. The vast majority of these fungi have been grown in axenic culture, and subjected to DNA sequence analysis, resolving their phylogeny. During the course of this study several new genera and species were encountered, and these are described. New genera include: Lembosiniella ( L. eucalyptorum on E. dunnii, Australia), Neosonderhenia ( N. eucalypti on E. costata, Australia), Neothyriopsis ( N. sphaerospora on E. camaldulensis , South Africa), Neotrichosphaeria ( N. eucalypticola on E. deglupta , Australia), Nothotrimmatostroma ( N. bifarium on E. dalrympleana , Australia), Nowamyces (incl. Nowamycetaceae fam. nov ., N. globulus on E. globulus , Australia), and Walkaminomyces ( W. medusae on E. alba , Australia). New species include (all from Australia): Disculoides fraxinoides on E. fraxinoides, Elsinoe piperitae on E. piperita, Fusculina regnans on E. regnans, Marthamyces johnstonii on E. dunnii , Neofusicoccum corticosae on E. corticosa , Neotrimmatostroma dalrympleanae on E. dalrympleana, Nowamyces piperitae on E. piperita , Phaeothyriolum dunnii on E. dunnii , Pseudophloeospora eucalyptigena on E. obliqua , Pseudophloeospora jollyi on Eucalyptus sp., Quambalaria tasmaniae on Eucalyptus sp., Q. rugosae on E. rugosa , Sonderhenia radiata on E. radiata , Teratosphaeria pseudonubilosa on E. globulus and Thyrinula dunnii on E. dunnii . A new name is also proposed for Heteroconium eucalypti as Thyrinula uruguayensis on E. dunnii , Uruguay. Although many of these genera and species are commonly associated with disease problems, several appear to be opportunists developing on stressed or dying tissues. For the majority of these fungi, pathogenicity remains to be determined. This represents an important goal for forest pathologists and biologists in the future. Consequently, this study will promote renewed interest in foliar pathogens of eucalypts, leading to investigations that will provide an improved understanding of the biology of these fungi.
Australian cultures of Botryosphaeriaceae held in Queensland and Victoria plant pathology herbaria revisited
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 04-05-2019
Variation in Pisolithus based on basidiome and basidiospore morphology, culture characteristics and analysis of polypeptides using 1D SDS-PAGE
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 1995
Association of Phytophthora with Declining Vegetation in an Urban Forest Environment
Publisher: MDPI AG
Date: 29-06-2020
DOI: 10.3390/MICROORGANISMS8070973
Abstract: Urban forests consist of various environments from intensely managed spaces to conservation areas and are often reservoirs of a erse range of invasive pathogens due to their introduction through the nursery trade. Pathogens are likely to persist because the urban forest contains a mixture of native and exotic plant species, and the environmental conditions are often less than ideal for the trees. To test the impact of different land management approaches on the Phytophthora community, 236 discrete soil and root s les were collected from declining trees in 91 parks and nature reserves in Joondalup, Western Australia (WA). S ling targeted an extensive variety of declining native trees and shrubs, from families known to be susceptible to Phytophthora. A sub-s le was set aside and DNA extracted for metabarcoding using Phytophthora-specific primers the remaining soil and root s le was baited for the isolation of Phytophthora. We considered the effect on the Phytophthora community of park class and area, soil family, and the change in canopy cover or health as determined through sequential measurements using remote sensing. Of the 236 s les, baiting techniques detected Phytophthora species from 24 s les (18 parks), while metabarcoding detected Phytophthora from 168 s les (64 parks). Overall, forty-four Phytophthora phylotypes were detected. Considering only s ling sites where Phytophthora was detected, species richness averaged 5.82 (range 1–21) for s les and 9.23 (range 2–24) for parks. Phytophthora multivora was the most frequently found species followed by P. arenaria, P. amnicola and P. cinnamomi. While park area and canopy cover had a significant effect on Phytophthora community the R2 values were very low, indicating they have had little effect in shaping the community. Phytophthora cinnamomi and P. multivora, the two most invasive species, often co-occurring (61% of s les) however, the communities with P. multivora were more common than those with P. cinnamomi, reflecting observations over the past decade of the increasing importance of P. multivora as a pathogen in the urban environment.
Susceptibility of Eucalyptus grandis and Acacia mearnsii seedlings to five Phytophthora species common in South African plantations
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 24-09-2019
DOI: 10.1111/EFP.12560
Pathogenicity of 21 newly described Phytophthora species against seven Western Australian native plant species
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 29-01-2018
DOI: 10.1111/PPA.12827
Effect of fungal-isolate aggressivity on the biosynthesis of symbiosis-related polypeptides in differentiating eucalypt ectomycorrhizas
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 1995
DOI: 10.1007/BF00202599
The Amsterdam Declaration on Fungal Nomenclature
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 06-2011
Phytophthora versiformis sp. nov., a new species from Australia related to P. quercina
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 17-06-2017
Comparison of genotypic diversity in native and introduced populations of Sphaeropsis sapinea isolated from Pinus radiata
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 11-2001
Class III endophytes, clandestine movement amongst hosts and habitats and their potential for disease; a focus on Neofusicoccum australe
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 29-07-2011
Two novel Phytophthora species from the southern tip of Africa
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 06-2021
Identification and pathogenicity ofBotryosphaeriaspecies associated with grapevine decline in Western Australia
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 2005
DOI: 10.1071/AP05018
Simple sequence repeat markers distinguish among morphotypes of Sphaeropsis sapinea
Publisher: American Society for Microbiology
Date: 2001
DOI: 10.1128/AEM.67.1.354-362.2001
Abstract: Sphaeropsis sapinea is a fungal endophyte of Pinus spp. that can cause disease following predisposition of trees by biotic or abiotic stresses. Four morphotypes of S. sapinea have been described from within the natural range of the fungus, while only one morphotype has been identified on exotic pines in the Southern Hemisphere. The aim of this study was to develop robust polymorphic markers that could be used in both taxonomic and population studies. Inter-short-sequence-repeat primers containing microsatellite sequences and degenerate anchors at the 5′ end were used to target microsatellite-rich areas in an S. sapinea isolate. PCR lification using an annealing temperature of 49°C resulted in profiles containing 5 to 10 bands. These bands were cloned and sequenced, and new short-sequence-repeat (SSR) primer pairs were designed that flanked microsatellite-rich regions. Eleven polymorphic SSR markers were tested on 40 isolates of S. sapinea representing different morphotypes as well as on 2 isolates of the closely related species Botryosphaeria obtusa . The putative I morphotype was found to be identical to B. obtusa . Otherwise, the markers clearly distinguished the remaining three morphotypes and, furthermore, showed that the C morphotype was more closely related to the A than the B morphotype. The B morphotype was the most genetically erse, and the isolates could be further ided based on their geographic origins. Sequencing of different alleles from each locus showed that the most polymorphic markers had mutations within a microsatellite sequence.
SSR analysis of the Medicago truncatula SARDI core collection reveals substantial diversity and unusual genotype dispersal throughout the Mediterranean basin
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 10-01-2006
DOI: 10.1007/S00122-005-0202-1
Abstract: The world's oldest and largest Medicago truncatula collection is housed at the South Australian Research and Development Institute (SARDI). We used six simple sequence repeat (SSR) loci to analyse the genetic ersity and relationships between randomly selected in iduals from 192 accessions in the core collection. M. truncatula is composed of three subspecies (ssp.): ssp. truncatula, ssp. longeaculeata, and ssp. tricycla. Analysis at the level of six SSR loci supports the concept of ssp. tricycla, all the s les of which showed unique alleles at two loci. Contingency Chi-squared tests were significant between ssp. tricycla and ssp. truncatula at four loci, suggesting a barrier to gene flow between these subspecies. In accessions defined as ssp. longeaculeata, no unique allelic distribution or diagnostic sizes were observed, suggesting this apparent ssp. is a morphological variant of ssp. truncatula. The data also suggest M. truncatula that exhibits unusually wide genotype dispersal throughout its native Mediterranean region, possibly due to animal and trade-related movements. Our results showed the collection to be highly erse, exhibiting an average of 25 SSR alleles per locus, with over 90% of in iduals showing discrete genotypes. The rich ersity of the SARDI collection provides an invaluable resource for studying natural allelic variation of M. truncatula. To efficiently exploit the variation in the SARDI collection, we have defined a subset of accessions (n = 61) that maximises the ersity.
Phytophthora stem rot of purple passionfruit in Vietnam
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 14-11-2015
Fungal associations in Asphondylia (Diptera: Cecidomyiidae) galls from Australia and South Africa: implications for biological control of invasive acacias
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 08-2009
Anthropogenic disturbance impacts stand structure and susceptibility of an iconic tree species to an endemic canker pathogen
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 10-2018
Calcium chelate is as effective as phosphite in controlling Phytophthora root rot in glasshouse trials
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 15-09-2023
DOI: 10.1111/PPA.13642
Abstract: Species in the genus Phytophthora cause significant economic losses in crops and damage to forests and natural ecosystems worldwide. Currently, phosphite is the most effective chemical for disease management, but excessive phosphite concentrations can result in phytotoxicity in plants and the development of tolerance by the pathogen. Two newly developed metal chelates and phosphite (alone and in combination) were tested for their in vitro and in planta efficacy against Phytophthora cinnamomi . In glasshouse trials, 0.25% and 0.5% of each chemical treatment (phosphite, Ca chelate, Zn chelate) and Ca chelate + phosphite were used as a foliar application on 3‐month‐old seedlings of Banksia grandis (experiment not repeated) and Eucalyptus marginata , prior to inoculation with P. cinnamomi . All noninoculated control plants remained healthy, while significant root damage and reduction of dry root weights were observed for inoculated untreated plants. In idually, phosphite and Ca chelate significantly reduced root lesion development of P. cinnamomi compared to the control, with Ca chelate attaining superior results to phosphite at the same concentration. In combination, Ca chelate + phosphite had the largest reduction in root lesion development in both plant species however, this result has not yet been replicated but did reflect previous in vitro results. The Zn chelate applications were not effective. Ca chelate has the potential to be developed as a fungicide to control Phytophthora species.
Incidence and new records of Mycosphaerella species within a Eucalyptus globulus plantation in Western Australia
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 06-2008
New Teratosphaeria species occurring on eucalypts in Australia
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 11-02-2010
Native soilborne pathogens equalize differences in competitive ability between plants of contrasting nutrient-acquisition strategies
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 08-2017
Isolation and pathogenicity of Phytophthora species from declining Rubus anglocandicans
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 20-07-2016
DOI: 10.1111/PPA.12436
Current and projected global distribution of Phytophthora cinnamomi, one of the world's worst plant pathogens
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 11-10-2017
DOI: 10.1111/GCB.13492
Abstract: Globally, Phytophthora cinnamomi is listed as one of the 100 worst invasive alien species and active management is required to reduce impact and prevent spread in both horticulture and natural ecosystems. Conversely, there are regions thought to be suitable for the pathogen where no disease is observed. We developed a climex model for the global distribution of P. cinnamomi based on the pathogen's response to temperature and moisture and by incorporating extensive empirical evidence on the presence and absence of the pathogen. The climex model captured areas of climatic suitability where P. cinnamomi occurs that is congruent with all available records. The model was validated by the collection of soil s les from asymptomatic vegetation in areas projected to be suitable by the model for which there were few records. DNA was extracted, and the presence or absence of P. cinnamomi was determined by high-throughput sequencing (HTS). While not detected using traditional isolation methods, HTS detected P. cinnamomi at higher elevations in eastern Australia and central Tasmania as projected by the climex model. Further support for the climex model was obtained using the large data set from south-west Australia where the proportion of positive records in an area is related to the Ecoclimatic Index value for the same area. We provide for the first time a comprehensive global map of the current P. cinnamomi distribution, an improved climex model of the distribution, and a projection to 2080 of the distribution with predicted climate change. This information provides the basis for more detailed regional-scale modelling and supports risk assessment for governments to plan management of this important soil-borne plant pathogen.
A diverse assemblage of Botryosphaeriaceae infectEucalyptusin native and non-native environments
Publisher: National Inquiry Services Center (NISC)
Date: 06-2009
eDNA from roots: a robust tool for determining Phytophthora communities in natural ecosystems
Publisher: Oxford University Press (OUP)
Date: 20-03-2018
Abstract: Proper isolation and identification of Phytophthora species is critical due to their broad distribution and huge impact on natural ecosystems throughout the world. In this study, five different sites were s led and seven methods were compared to determine the Phytophthora community. Three traditional isolation methods were conducted (i) soil baiting, (ii) filtering of the bait water and (iii) isolation from field roots using Granny Smith apples. These were compared to four sources of eDNA used for metabarcoding using Phytophthora-specific primers on (i) sieved field soil, (ii) roots from field, (iii) filtered baiting water and (iv) roots from bait plants grown in the glasshouse in soil collected from these sites. Six Phytophthora species each were recovered by soil baiting using bait leaves and from the filtered bait water. No Phytophthora species were recovered from Granny Smith apples. eDNA extracted from field roots detected the highest number of Phytophthora species (25). These were followed by direct DNA isolation from filters (24), isolation from roots from bait plants grown in the glasshouse (19), and DNA extraction from field soil (13). Therefore, roots were determined to be the best substrate for detecting Phytophthora communities using eDNA.
The ‘chicken or the egg’: which comes first, forest tree decline or loss of mycorrhizae?
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 21-07-2017
Population Genetic Structure and Cryptic Species of Plasmopara viticola in Australia
Publisher: Scientific Societies
Date: 11-2019
DOI: 10.1094/PHYTO-04-19-0146-R
Abstract: Downy mildew of grape caused by Plasmopara viticola is a global pathogen of economic importance to commercial viticulture. In contrast to populations in the northern hemisphere, few studies have investigated the population biology, genetic ersity, and origin of the pathogen in Australian production systems. DNA was extracted from 381 P. viticola s les from Vitis vinifera and alternate hosts collected via fresh and herbarium leaves from populations within Australia and Whatman FTA cards from North America, Brazil, and Uruguay. A total of 32 DNA s les were provided from a French population. The populations were genotyped using 16 polymorphic microsatellite markers. Representative s les from within Australia, Brazil, and Uruguay were also genotyped to determine which of the cryptic species (clades) within the P. viticola species complex were present. Our findings suggest the Australian and South American populations of P. viticola are more closely related to the European population than the North American population, the reported source of origin of the pathogen. The Western Australian population had similarities to the South Australian population, and the tight clustering of s les suggests a single introduction into Western Australia. P. viticola clade aestivalis was the only clade detected in Australian and South American populations. Analysis of the Western Australian population suggests that it is reproducing clonally, but additional research is required to determine the mechanism as to how this is occurring.
An overview of Australia's Phytophthora species assemblage in natural ecosystems recovered from a survey in Victoria
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 02-03-2016
Multivariate Bayesian analysis to predict invasiveness of Phytophthora pathogens
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 06-2023
DOI: 10.1002/ECS2.4573
Abstract: Global concerns are many for the invasive impacts of Phytophthora pathogens on native vegetation, agriculture, nurseries, and urban parks and gardens. We compiled a database of 32 traits on 204 species of Phytophthora including data on each species' taxonomy (clade and subclade), historical knowledge (years since first described), impacted ecosystems, microenvironments inhabited, dispersal mode, physiology, and morphology. Drawing from approximately 11,394 unique host, pathogen, and country plant disease records from GenBank and other sources, we calculated potential invasiveness of 103 better studied species from cluster relationships. We used the species data to create a Bayesian network model predicting the degree and probability of invasiveness of in idual Phytophthora species. Model calibration testing resulted in % error rate in classifying invasiveness categories of well‐known species. We applied the model to predict the potential invasiveness of 101 other species with unknown invasiveness dynamics. The model can also be used to predict the invasive risk of other poorly studied and newly identified Phytophthora species, and the general modeling approach can be used for other pests and pathogens, to advise land and resource managers to thwart potential invasions before they occur or intensify.
Closing the gap between the number of Phytophthora species isolated through baiting a soil sample and the number revealed through metabarcoding
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 08-05-2023
DOI: 10.1007/S11557-023-01892-7
Abstract: This review assesses possible reasons for the discrepancy between the high numbers of Phytophthora species and putative new species isolated from environmental s les using metabarcoding, compared with the low number cultured and identified through bating. Molecular protocols are unlikely to result in high numbers of false positives, except that variants in young hybrid species may be incorrectly identified as different species. Baiting conditions favour parasitic species that are fast to sporulate, able to infect a range of bait species, achieve infection with a low number of zoospores, and fast-growing on selective agar. Species may not be isolated because they are slow-growing saprophytes and slow to sporulate when baited. Changes to protocols that might result in the isolation of more species include changes in the timing of exposure of baits, inclusions of dead baits, reducing potential competition from fast-growing species by baiting only small volumes of soil, and isolation on media without antimicrobials. However, the species not isolated may have growth traits precluding easy isolation, such as host specificity or obligate biotroph lifestyle.
Effects of hypoxia on root morphology and lesion development in Eucalyptus marginata infected with Phytophthora cinnamomi
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 12-1999
Permanent Genetic Resources added to Molecular Ecology Resources Database 1 October 2010–30 November 2010
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 21-01-2011
DOI: 10.1111/J.1755-0998.2010.02970.X
Abstract: This article documents the addition of 277 microsatellite marker loci to the Molecular Ecology Resources Database. Loci were developed for the following species: Ascochyta rabiei, Cambarellus chapalanus, Chionodraco hamatus, Coptis omeiensis, Cynoscion nebulosus, Daphnia magna, Gerbillus nigeriae, Isurus oxyrinchus, Lates calcarifer, Metacarcinus magister, Oplegnathus fasciatus, Pachycondyla verenae, Phaethon lepturus, Pimelodus grosskopfii, Rotylenchulus reniformis, Scomberomorus niphonius, Sepia esculenta, Terapon jarbua, Teratosphaeria cryptica and Thunnus obesus. These loci were cross-tested on the following species: Austropotamobius italicus, Cambarellus montezumae, Cambarellus puer, Cambarellus shufeldtii, Cambarellus texanus, Chionodraco myersi, Chionodraco rastrospinosus, Coptis chinensis, Coptis chinensis var. brevisepala, Coptis deltoidea, Coptis teeta, Orconectes virilis, Pacifastacus leniusculus, Pimelodus bochii, Procambarus clarkii, Pseudopimelodus bufonius, Rhamdia quelen, Sepia andreana, Sepiella maindroni, Thunnus alalunga, Thunnus albacares, Thunnus maccoyii, Thunnus orientalis, Thunnus thynnus and Thunnus tonggol.
Multiple new <I>Phytophthora</I> species from ITS Clade 6 associated with natural ecosystems in Australia: evolutionary and ecological implications
Publisher: Naturalis Biodiversity Center
Date: 30-06-2011
Current status of the Botryosphaeriaceae in Australia
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 04-07-2019
Re-evaluation of Phytophthora citricola isolates from multiple woody hosts in Europe and North America reveals a new species, Phytophthora plurivora sp nov.
Publisher: Naturalis Biodiversity Center
Date: 30-06-2009
Soil amendments and suppression of Phytophthora root rot in avocado (Persea indica)
Publisher: Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory
Date: 02-02-2022
DOI: 10.1101/2022.01.31.478582
Abstract: The ability of microbial or mineral-based soil additives to suppress root rot caused by Phytophthora cinnamomi was assessed. Phosphite and metalaxyl treatments for the control of disease, and glyphosate for weed control were also assessed. A treatment simulating avocado orchard conditions had chicken manure, wood mulch, and mulch from beneath trees in an avocado orchard added to the pots. Soil treatments (three probiotic and two mineral-based) were applied to 9-month-old saplings growing in containers in a glasshouse. After one-month, half of the plants of each treatment were inoculated with the pathogen. Three months after inoculation, plants were harvested and plant growth and root damage were measured. In the first experiment infestation with P. cinnamomi significantly reduced fine root dry weight in all plants except those in soil treated with one silicon-based mineral mulch. Visible root damage was higher in plants treated with probiotics. In this experiment, and in a repeat experiment the reduction of fine root damage achieved by spraying plants with phosphite or addition of a silica based mineral mulch was similar. Phosphite was preferable to metalaxyl as a chemical treatment, as the latter reduced shoot and root growth of non-infected plants. Glyphosate treatment of wheat seedlings growing in the pots with the avocados reduced shoot and fine root growth of both non-infected and infected plants. These observations need to be confirmed under field conditions.
Tree invasions and biosecurity: eco-evolutionary dynamics of hitchhiking fungi
Publisher: Oxford University Press (OUP)
Date: 18-08-2015
Abstract: When non-native plants reach novel environments, they typically arrive with hidden microbiomes. In general, most of these hitchhikers remain on their co-evolved hosts, some contribute to the invasiveness of their hosts, and a small number can undergo host shifts and move onto native hosts. Invasion success can vary depending upon the different categories of fungal associates. When an invader tree relies on a fungal mutualism to survive in the new environment, there is a fundamentally lower likelihood of either the tree, or the fungus, establishing novel associations. In contrast, parasitic hitchhikers could merely use their host plants to move through the landscape and to become established on new hosts (host shifts). Evidence suggests the frequency of these host shifts is low and depends upon the fungal functional group. However, epidemics caused by invasive pathogens in native ecosystems have occurred globally. Thus, elucidating the potential for hidden non-native fungi to form novel host associations in a new environment is important for bio ersity conservation.
Sources of Diplodia pinea endophytic infections in Pinus patula and P. radiata seedlings in South Africa
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 15-11-2010
Unravelling Mycosphaerella: do you believe in genera?
Publisher: Naturalis Biodiversity Center
Date: 31-12-2009
New species of Teratosphaeria associated with leaf diseases on Corymbia calophylla (Marri)
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 28-01-2012
Diverse sources of infection and cryptic recombination revealed in South African Diplodia pinea populations
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 2012
DOI: 10.1016/J.FUNBIO.2011.10.006
Abstract: This study considers the population ersity and structure of Diplodia pinea in South Africa at different spatial scales from single trees to plantations, as well as comparing infections on healthy and diseased trees. A total of 236 isolates were characterized using 13 microsatellite markers. Analysis of these markers confirmed previous results that D. pinea has a high level of gene and genotypic ersity in South Africa, with the latter values ranging from 6% to 68% for the different plantations. The data also reflect a fungus with randomly associated alleles in populations at local plantation scales and for the population as a whole. These results suggest that recombination is occurring in D. pinea and that it most likely has a cryptic sexual state. The study also reveals the sources of endophytic infection and stress related disease out-breaks as erse infections that have occurred over a long time period. In contrast, wound-associated die-back appears to be caused by clones of the pathogen occurring in narrow time frames.
Gene flow of the canker pathogen Botryosphaeria australis between Eucalyptus globulus plantations and native eucalypt forests in Western Australia
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 20-07-2006
Anthropogenic Disturbances and the Emergence of Native Diseases: a Threat to Forest Health
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 05-04-2022
DOI: 10.1007/S40725-022-00163-0
Abstract: Human-caused global change is fundamentally altering natural forest ecosystems. More trees are exhibiting a wide range of symptoms indicative of poor vigour, particularly stressed species at the edge of their native ranges and stands growing on marginal sites. This review will focus on complex tree diseases (declines) caused by native pathogens and the key environmental drivers that contribute to this phenomenon. These systems are frequently complex, with multiple drivers at work. Using four cases studies on different continents, we explored the direct and indirect environmental drivers underlying these decline syndromes. Although climate and weather events seem to be usually associated with forest decline, we found that environmental disturbance by either forest management or land-use changes is also a global predisposing factor of decline which deserves more attention. Changes in land use have directly benefited pathogens such as root rots in the Pyrenees (Spain) or indirectly by making the environment more conducive for canker and foliar diseases in Australia and the USA. Focus on land-use changes could improve understanding of current decline problems such as those affecting Araucaria in Chile. The next century will almost certainly see an unprecedented rise in forest pathogen epidemics, requiring a proactive rather than reactive response. Diseases caused by native pathogens with complex aetiologies will become more common, and recognising, characterising and managing these epidemics are difficult because native pathogens are frequently already widespread, and eradication is not feasible. We need to start approaching these issues from a ‘whole ecosystem’ perspective, highlighting the many aspects and entanglements of forest declines and allowing us to respond with management options tailored to each scenario. The approach proposed here provides logical steps based on six questions to untangle the direct and indirect environmental drivers of tree declines.
POTENTIAL THREATS OF PLANT PATHOGENS TO EUCALYPTUS PLANTATIONS IN CHINA
Publisher: WORLD SCIENTIFIC
Date: 09-2003
Phytophthora Contamination in a Nursery and Its Potential Dispersal into the Natural Environment
Publisher: Scientific Societies
Date: 2018
DOI: 10.1094/PDIS-05-17-0689-RE
Abstract: A detailed site investigation of a eucalypt nursery suffering disease losses revealed the causal agent to be Phytophthora boodjera. The pathogen was detected in vegetation surrounding the nursery production area, including the lawn, under the production benches during the growing season, and, most importantly, from plant debris in used trays. However, it was not found in the container substrate, water supplies, or production equipment or on the workers themselves. The sterilization methods used by the nursery were shown to be ineffective, indicating that a more rigorous method was required. Boiling trays for 15 min or steaming at 65°C for 60 min eradicated P. boodjera. This pathogen was more pathogenic to the eucalypts tested in their early seedling stage than P. cinnamomi. Tracing of out-planting to revegetation sites showed that P. boodjera was able to spread into the environment. Dispersal via out-planting to native vegetation may affect seedling recruitment and drive long-term shifts in native plant species. Inadequate nursery hygiene increases the risk of an outbreak and can limit the success of biosecurity efforts as well as damage conservation efforts.
Evolutionary dynamics of tree invasions
Publisher: Oxford University Press (OUP)
Date: 30-12-2017
Phytophthora elongatasp. nov., a novel pathogen from theEucalyptus marginataforest of Western Australia
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 2010
DOI: 10.1071/AP10014
Quambalaria species, including Q. coyrecup sp. nov., implicated in canker and shoot blight diseases causing decline of Corymbia species in the southwest of Western Australia
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 2008
DOI: 10.1016/J.MYCRES.2007.10.005
Abstract: A severe canker disease has been causing decline and death of Corymbia calophylla in the southwest of Western Australia (WA) for some years, but the causal agent has never been investigated. However, there have been historical reports dating back to the 1920s of a canker disease of amenity planted C. ficifolia caused by 'Sporotrichum destructor', though the description and Latin diagnosis were never published. It has been suggested that there may be links between this species and the genus Quambalaria, a group containing leaf and shoot pathogens of species of Eucalyptus and Corymbia. The aim of this study was to investigate the identity of the pathogen historically attributed to canker disease of C. ficifolia, determine whether this pathogen is responsible for the current epidemic of C. calophylla canker, and whether it is synonymous with Quambalaria. Surveys examined the range of Quambalaria spp. on Corymbia spp. endemic to southwest WA. Their phylogenetic relationship to Q. cyanescens, Q. eucalypti, and Q. pitereka was examined using rLSU and ITS sequence data. Morphological characters were also compared. Sequences confirmed that Q. cyanescens and Q. pitereka are present in southwest WA, with the latter associated with leaf and shoot disease. A third group isolated from cankers represent a new species of Quambalaria. Comparisons of disease symptoms and conidiogenesis indicate this species is synonymous with 'S. destructor'. The species is formally described here as Q. coyrecup sp. nov.
Characterization of Phytophthora hybrids from ITS clade 6 associated with riparian ecosystems in South Africa and Australia
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 05-2013
DOI: 10.1016/J.FUNBIO.2013.03.004
Abstract: Surveys of Australian and South African rivers revealed numerous Phytophthora isolates residing in clade 6 of the genus, with internal transcribed spacer (ITS) gene regions that were either highly polymorphic or unsequenceable. These isolates were suspected to be hybrids. Three nuclear loci, the ITS region, two single copy loci (antisilencing factor (ASF) and G protein alpha subunit (GPA)), and one mitochondrial locus (cytochrome oxidase c subunit I (coxI)) were lified and sequenced to test this hypothesis. Abundant recombination within the ITS region was observed. This, combined with phylogenetic comparisons of the other three loci, confirmed the presence of four different hybrid types involving the three described parent species Phytophthora amnicola, Phytophthora thermophila, and Phytophthora taxon PgChlamydo. In all cases, only a single coxI allele was detected, suggesting that hybrids arose from sexual recombination. All the hybrid isolates were sterile in culture and all their physiological traits tended to resemble those of the maternal parents. Nothing is known regarding their host range or pathogenicity. Nonetheless, as several isolates from Western Australia were obtained from the rhizosphere soil of dying plants, they should be regarded as potential threats to plant health. The frequent occurrence of the hybrids and their parent species in Australia strongly suggests an Australian origin and a subsequent introduction into South Africa.
Pathogenicity of nineteen Phytophthora species to a range of common urban trees
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 28-08-2020
Species within Mycosphaerellaceae and Teratosphaeriaceae from eucalypts in eastern Australia
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 06-04-2011
Extending the host range of Phytophthora multivora, a pathogen of woody plants in horticulture, nurseries, urban environments and natural ecosystems
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 12-2019
Botanical gardens provide valuable baseline Phytophthora diversity data
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 12-2019
Ecological disequilibrium drives insect pest and pathogen accumulation in non-native trees
Publisher: Oxford University Press (OUP)
Date: 23-12-2017
Phytophthora Species Associated with Roots of Native and Non-native Trees in Natural and Managed Forests
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 02-08-2020
Diplodia scrobiculata found in the southern hemisphere
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 29-04-2010
Oomycete composition in Proteaceae orchards and natural stands on three continents
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 13-10-2023
Towards a best practice methodology for the detection of Phytophthora species in soils
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 18-11-2020
DOI: 10.1111/PPA.13312
Climate, host and geography shape insect and fungal communities of trees
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 18-07-2023
DOI: 10.1038/S41598-023-36795-W
Abstract: Non-native pests, climate change, and their interactions are likely to alter relationships between trees and tree-associated organisms with consequences for forest health. To understand and predict such changes, factors structuring tree-associated communities need to be determined. Here, we analysed the data consisting of records of insects and fungi collected from dormant twigs from 155 tree species at 51 botanical gardens or arboreta in 32 countries. Generalized dissimilarity models revealed similar relative importance of studied climatic, host-related and geographic factors on differences in tree-associated communities. Mean annual temperature, phylogenetic distance between hosts and geographic distance between locations were the major drivers of dissimilarities. The increasing importance of high temperatures on differences in studied communities indicate that climate change could affect tree-associated organisms directly and indirectly through host range shifts. Insect and fungal communities were more similar between closely related vs. distant hosts suggesting that host range shifts may facilitate the emergence of new pests. Moreover, dissimilarities among tree-associated communities increased with geographic distance indicating that human-mediated transport may serve as a pathway of the introductions of new pests. The results of this study highlight the need to limit the establishment of tree pests and increase the resilience of forest ecosystems to changes in climate.
Pathways to false-positive diagnoses using molecular genetic detection methods; Phytophthora cinnamomi a case study
Publisher: Oxford University Press (OUP)
Date: 12-01-2017
Abstract: Phytophthora cinnamomi is one of the world's most invasive plant pathogens affecting ornamental plants, horticultural crops and natural ecosystems. Accurate diagnosis is very important to determine the presence or absence of this pathogen in diseased and asymptomatic plants. In previous studies, P. cinnamomi species-specific primers were designed and tested using various polymerase chain reaction (PCR) techniques including conventional PCR, nested PCR and quantitative real-time PCR. In all cases, the primers were stated to be highly specific and sensitive to P. cinnamomi. However, few of these studies tested their primers against closely related Phytophthora species (Phytophthora clade 7). In this study, we tested these purported P. cinnamomi-specific primer sets against 11 other species from clade 7 and determined their specificity of the eight tested primer sets only three were specific to P. cinnamomi. This study demonstrated the importance of testing primers against closely related species within the same clade, and not just other species within the same genus. The findings of this study are relevant to all species-specific microbial diagnosis.
Use of the Genealogical Sorting Index (GSI) to delineate species boundaries in the Neofusicoccum parvum–Neofusicoccum ribis species complex
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 09-2011
DOI: 10.1016/J.YMPEV.2011.04.026
Abstract: Neofusicoccum is a recently described genus of common endophytes and pathogens of woody hosts, previously placed in the genus Botryosphaeria. Many morphological characteristics routinely used to describe species overlap in Neofusicoccum, and prior to the use of molecular phylogenetics, isolates from different hosts and locations were often misidentified. Two cryptic species Neofusicoccum ribis and Neofusicoccum parvum were initially described from different continents and recently another four species within this complex were described using fixed nucleotide polymorphisms for differentiation. In a survey of eucalypt cankers in eastern Australia, a collection of morphologically similar Neofusicoccum isolates were obtained. This collection was analysed within the framework of the morphological (MSRC), ecological (ESRC) and phylogenetic (PSRC) species recognition concepts. Morphological data based on spore measurements (MSRC), together with pathogenicity trials (ESRC) were considered alongside molecular analysis (PSRC), which included multiple gene phylogenies constructed from four nuclear gene regions. We also used the Genealogical Sorting Index method to provide objective evidence for the status of terminal taxa in the phylogenetic analysis. The isolates examined exhibited overlapping morphological and culture characteristics, similar pathogenicity to excised stems and shared hosts within the same locations. Phylogenetic analysis separated isolates into 8 clades corresponding to six described species: N. ribis, N. parvum, Neofusicoccum kwambonambiense, Neofusicoccum cordaticola, Neofusicoccum umdonicola, Neofusicoccum batangarum, and two new species. GSI support indicated combined phylogenetic data were monophyletic for all clades and all p-values were significant allowing us to reject the null hypothesis that all groups were from a single mixed group. Consequently the description of Neofusicoccum occulatum is presented.
Leaf diseases caused by Mycosphaerella species in Eucalyptus globulus plantations and nearby native forest in the Green Triangle Region of southern Australia
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 2008
DOI: 10.1071/AP08044
Quambalaria shoot blight resistance in marri (Corymbia calophylla): genetic parameters and correlations between growth rate and blight resistance
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 31-01-2022
DOI: 10.1007/S11295-022-01540-3
Abstract: Quambalaria shoot blight (QSB) has emerged recently as a severe disease of Corymbia calophylla (marri). In this study, QSB damage and growth were assessed in Corymbia calophylla trees at 4 and 6 years of age in two common gardens consisting of 165 and 170 open-pollinated families representing 18 provenances across the species’ natural distribution. There were significant differences between provenances for all traits. The narrow-sense heritability for growth traits and QSB damage at both sites were low to moderate. The genetic correlation between QSB damage and growth traits was negative fast-growing families were less damaged by QSB disease. Age-age genetic correlations for in idual traits at four and six years were very strong, and the type-B (site–site) correlations were strongly positive for all traits. Provenances from cooler wetter regions showed higher resistance to QSB. The QSB incidence at 6 years was significantly correlated with environmental factors of the provenance’s origin. The QSB incidence at years four and six was not correlated with the QSB expression in 3-month-old seedlings. Based on these results, selection for resistance could be undertaken using 4-year-old trees. There is potential for a resistance breeding program to develop populations of marri genetically erse and resistant to QSB.
Digging mammals contribute to rhizosphere fungal community composition and seedling growth
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 21-07-2018
Urban remnant size alters fungal functional groups dispersed by a digging mammal
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 29-09-2021
Timing and abundance of sporangia production and zoospore release influences the recovery of different Phytophthora species by baiting
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 2021
New Phaeoacremonium species isolated from sandalwood trees in Western Australia
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 12-05-2014
Action of the fungicide phosphite on Eucalyptus marginata inoculated with Phytophthora cinnamomi
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 02-2000
A conceptual model to describe the decline of European blackberry (Rubus anglocandicans), a weed of national significance in Australia
Publisher: Scientific Societies
Date: 05-2014
DOI: 10.1094/PDIS-11-13-1124-FE
Abstract: Human activities have had an adverse impact on ecosystems on a global scale and have caused an unprecedented redispersal of organisms, with both plants and pathogens moving from their regions of origin to other parts of the world. Invasive plants are a potential threat to ecosystems globally, and their management costs tens of billions of dollars per annum. Rubus anglocandicans (European blackberry) is a serious invasive species in Australia. Herbicide and cultural control methods are generally inefficient or require multiple applications. Therefore, a biological control program using stem and leaf rust strains is the main option in Australia. However, biological control using rusts has been patchy, as host factors, climate, and weather can alter the impact of the rust at different locations. In 2007, Yeoh and Fontanini noticed that blackberry plants on the banks of the Donnelly and Warren rivers in the southwest of Western Australia were dying in areas that were being regularly monitored for the impact of rust as a biological control agent. The symptoms on blackberry became known as the disease “blackberry decline”. Continuous and intensive investigations are required to discover the different biotic and abiotic components associated with specific declines in plant populations. The only agent so far introduced to Australia for the biological control of blackberry is the rust Phragmidium violaceum.
New Phytophthora species in clade 2a from the Asia-Pacific region including a re-examination of P. colocasiae and P. meadii
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 02-2021
Changes in structure of over‐ and midstory tree species in a Mediterranean‐type forest after an extreme drought‐associated heatwave
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 08-09-2019
DOI: 10.1111/AEC.12818
A thirteen-year study on the impact of a severe canker disease of Corymbia calophylla, a keystone tree in Mediterranean-type forests
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 21-06-2017
DOI: 10.1111/EFP.12292
Urban environments provide opportunities for early detections of Phytophthora invasions
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 23-10-2017
Role of salicylic acid in phosphite-induced protection against Oomycetes; a Phytophthora cinnamomi - Lupinus augustifolius model system
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 30-11-2015
High intercontinental migration rates and population admixture in the sapstain fungus Ophiostoma ips
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 15-11-2006
Metabarcoding shows multiple Phytophthora species associated with individual plant species: implications for restoration
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 05-01-2021
Luteocirrhus shearii gen. sp. nov. (Diaporthales, Cryphonectriaceae) pathogenic to Proteaceae in the South Western Australian Floristic Region
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 06-2013
Surveys of soil and water reveal a goldmine of Phytophthora diversity in South African natural ecosystems
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 06-2013
qPCR Assays for Sensitive and Rapid Detection of Quambalaria Species from Plant Tissues
Publisher: Scientific Societies
Date: 2022
DOI: 10.1094/PDIS-04-21-0816-RE
Abstract: Several species from the genus Quambalaria (order Microstromatales) cause diseases on eucalypts (Eucalyptus and related genera) both in plantations and natural ecosystems. We developed real-time quantitative PCR (qPCR) assays to rapidly detect and distinguish five Quambalaria species. The design of the species-specific qPCR assay for each species, Q. pitereka (PIT), Q. coyrecup (COR), Q. cyanescens (CYN), Q. pusilla (PUS), and Q. eucalypti (EUC), was based on the ITS region and was evaluated for specificity and sensitivity. The PIT, COR, and CYN qPCR assays could lify as little as 10 fg µl −1 from pure cultures, whereas PUS and EUC qPCR assays could lify 100 fg µl −1 of their target species. The PIT, COR, and CYN qPCR assays were further validated using naturally and artificially infected s les of their plant host Corymbia calophylla. These assays will be used for rapid diagnostics and future experiments on the infection process.
High levels of genetic diversity and cryptic recombination is widespread in introduced Diplodia pinea populations
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 08-09-2011
Worldwide diversity of endophytic fungi and insects associated with dormant tree twigs
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 03-2022
DOI: 10.1038/S41597-022-01162-3
Abstract: International trade in plants and climate change are two of the main factors causing damaging tree pests (i.e. fungi and insects) to spread into new areas. To mitigate these risks, a large-scale assessment of tree-associated fungi and insects is needed. We present records of endophytic fungi and insects in twigs of 17 angiosperm and gymnosperm genera, from 51 locations in 32 countries worldwide. Endophytic fungi were characterized by high-throughput sequencing of 352 s les from 145 tree species in 28 countries. Insects were reared from 227 s les of 109 tree species in 18 countries and sorted into taxonomic orders and feeding guilds. Herbivorous insects were grouped into morphospecies and were identified using molecular and morphological approaches. This dataset reveals the ersity of tree-associated taxa, as it contains 12,721 fungal Amplicon Sequence Variants and 208 herbivorous insect morphospecies, s led across broad geographic and climatic gradients and for many tree species. This dataset will facilitate applied and fundamental studies on the distribution of fungal endophytes and insects in trees.
A new oomycete metabarcoding method using the rps10 gene
Publisher: Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory
Date: 22-09-2021
DOI: 10.1101/2021.09.22.460084
Abstract: Oomycetes are a group of eukaryotes related to brown algae and diatoms, many of which cause diseases in plants and animals. Improved methods are needed for rapid and accurate characterization of oomycete communities using DNA metabarcoding. We have identified the mitochondrial 40S ribosomal protein S10 gene ( rps10 ) as a locus useful for oomycete metabarcoding and provide primers predicted to lify all oomycetes based on available reference sequences from a wide range of taxa. We evaluated its utility relative to a popular barcode, the internal transcribed spacer 1 (ITS1), by sequencing environmental s les and a mock community using Illumina MiSeq. Amplified sequence variants (ASVs) and operational taxonomic units (OTUs) were identified per community. Both the sequence and predicted taxonomy of ASVs and OTUs were compared to the known composition of the mock community. Both rps10 and ITS yielded ASVs with sequences matching 21 of the 24 species in the mock community and matching all 24 when allowing for a 1 bp difference. Taxonomic classifications of ASVs included 23 members of the mock community for rps10 and 17 for ITS1. Sequencing results for the environmental s les suggest the proposed rps10 locus results in substantially less lification of non-target organisms than the ITS1 method. The lified rps10 region also has higher taxonomic resolution than ITS1, allowing for greater discrimination of closely related species. We present a new website with a searchable rps10 reference database for species identification and all protocols needed for oomycete metabarcoding. The rps10 barcode and methods described herein provide an effective tool for metabarcoding oomycetes using short-read sequencing. Oomycetes are a group of eukaryotes related to brown algae and diatoms, many of which cause diseases in plants and animals. Improved methods are needed to rapidly characterize the ersity of oomycete species found in environmental s les. We have identified the mitochondrial 40S ribosomal protein S10 gene ( rps10 ) as being useful for oomycete community sequencing. We evaluated its utility relative to a popular barcode, the internal transcribed spacer 1 (ITS1), by sequencing environmental s les and a community we synthesized in the laboratory. The lified rps10 region is predicted to have a higher taxonomic resolution than ITS1, allowing for greater discrimination of closely related species. We present a new website with a searchable rps10 reference database for species identification and all protocols needed for oomycete community sequencing. The rps10 barcode and methods described herein provide an effective tool for characterizing oomycetes using environmental DNA sequencing.
Fungal Planet description sheets: 716–784
Publisher: Naturalis Biodiversity Center
Date: 30-06-2018
Geographic isolation of Diplodia scrobiculata and its association with native Pinus radiata
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 12-2004
DOI: 10.1017/S0953756204001443
Abstract: Diplodia pinea (syn. Sphaeropsis sapinea) is a well-known latent pathogen of Pinus spp. with a worldwide distribution. As such, this fungus is native where pines are endemic in the northern hemisphere and it has been introduced into all countries of the Southern Hemisphere where pines are exotic. The newly described D. scrobiculata (formerly known as the B morphotype of D. pinea) is thought to have a much more limited distribution. D. scrobiculata was first reported as an endophyte and weak pathogen of P. banksiana, where it was found to coexist with D. pinea. Diplodia scrobiculata is now known to have a much broader distribution in Northern America and Europe. In this study, seven Simple Sequence Repeat (SSR) markers were used to evaluate genetic ersity and gene flow between populations of D. scrobiculata. Results indicate a strong geographic isolation between populations of D. scrobiculata from different regions in North America, with unique alleles fixed in the different populations. The data fits the isolation by distance model indicating limited dispersal. Geographic isolation in combination with isolation by distance suggests prolonged reproductive isolation. Intensive collections of endophytes from native P. radiata in California have yielded only D. scrobiculata and not the significantly more pathogenic D. pinea. SSR analysis of three populations of D. scrobiculata from native P. radiata identified many shared alleles among the populations and moderate to high gene flow between them. The three Californian populations are distant and distinct from populations of D. scrobiculata from elsewhere. Under stress conditions, P. radiata is known to be very susceptible to D. pinea in plantations in the Southern Hemisphere. Native P. radiata is currently experiencing severe stress due to pitch canker caused by Fusarium circinatum. Such stress would provide ideal conditions for an associated outbreak of D. pinea. Thus, it is critical to prevent the movement of D. pinea into the last remaining native stands of P. radiata.
To prune or not to prune; pruning induced decay in tropical sandalwood
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 12-2018
Root rot pathogens of Cinnamomum cassia in Vietnam
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 08-08-2022
DOI: 10.1111/PPA.13617
Abstract: A study was conducted to determine the pathogens causing root rot, wilt and dieback disease of Cinnamomum cassia (Chinese cinnamon or cassia) in Vietnam, in nurseries and plantations in the Yen Bai, Quang Ninh, Thanh Hoa and Quang Nam provinces, and streams in the Yen Bai province. Pathogens were identified using morphology and internal transcribed spacer (ITS) sequence analysis. The 204 isolates obtained included 125 Phytophthora isolates and 79 from other oomycete genera. There were 112 isolates of P . cinnamomi , four P . heveae , two P . virginiana , three P . multibullata and four P . × vanyenensis . The pathogenicity and virulence of 16 P . cinnamomi , two P . heveae , two P . multibullata and four P . × vanyenensis isolates were assessed using lesion size after under‐bark inoculation of C . cassia stems, and root damage following inoculation of 4‐month‐old C . cassia seedlings. The most virulent isolate from both assessments was a P . cinnamomi from the Quang Nam plantation. Isolates of P . cinnamomi showed a wide range of virulence, with isolates from healthy trees or seedlings showing the lowest virulence. Isolates of P . × vanyenensis , P . multibullata and P . heveae showed moderate or low pathogenicity. This study showed that although P . cinnamomi is the most common pathogen associated with dieback disease in Vietnamese C . cassia plantations, other Phytophthora species may also cause this disease. Knowledge of the presence of these soil‐ and waterborne pathogens will encourage improved soil and water hygiene in nurseries and implement measures to prevent the spread of the pathogens in plantations.
Kirramyces viscidus sp. nov., a new eucalypt pathogen from tropical Australia closely related to the serious leaf pathogen, Kirramyces destructans
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 2007
DOI: 10.1071/AP07054
Seven new species of the Botryosphaeriaceae from baobab and other native trees in Western Australia
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Date: 11-2008
DOI: 10.3852/08-020
Abstract: In this study seven new species of the Botryosphaeriaceae are described from baobab (Adansonia gibbosa) and surrounding endemic tree species growing in the Kimberley region of northwestern Australia. Members of the Botryosphaeriaceae were predominantly endophytes isolated from apparently healthy sapwood and bark of endemic trees others were isolated from dying branches. Phylogenetic analyses of ITS and EF1-alpha sequence data revealed seven new species: Dothiorella longicollis, Fusicoccum ramosum, Lasiodiplodia margaritacea, Neoscytalidium novaehollandiae, Pseudofusicoccum adansoniae, P. ardesiacum and P. kimberleyense.
Pathogenic Botryosphaeriaceae associated with Mangifera indica in the Kimberley Region of Western Australia
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 06-03-2011
Fungal Planet description sheets: 1284–1382
Publisher: Naturalis Biodiversity Center
Date: 31-12-2021
DOI: 10.3767/PERSOONIA.2021.47.06
Abstract: Novel species of fungi described in this study include those from various countries as follows: Antartica , Cladosporium austrolitorale from coastal sea sand. Australia , Austroboletus yourkae on soil, Crepidotus innuopurpureus on dead wood, Curvularia stenotaphri from roots and leaves of Stenotaphrum secundatum and Thecaphora stajsicii from capsules of Oxalis radicosa. Belgium , Paraxerochrysium coryli (incl. Paraxerochrysium gen. nov.) from Corylus avellana. Brazil , Calvatia nordestina on soil, Didymella tabebuiicola from leaf spots on Tabebuia aurea, Fusarium subflagellisporum from hypertrophied floral and vegetative branches of Mangifera indica and Microdochium maculosum from living leaves of Digitaria insularis. Canada , Cuphophyllus bondii fromagrassland. Croatia , Mollisia inferiseptata from a rotten Laurus nobilis trunk. Cyprus , Amanita exilis oncalcareoussoil. Czech Republic , Cytospora hippophaicola from wood of symptomatic Vaccinium corymbosum. Denmark , Lasiosphaeria deviata on pieces of wood and herbaceousdebris. Dominican Republic , Calocybella goethei among grass on a lawn. France (Corsica) , Inocybe corsica onwetground. France (French Guiana) , Trechispora patawaensis on decayed branch of unknown angiosperm tree and Trechispora subregularis on decayed log of unknown angiosperm tree. Germany , Paramicrothecium sambuci (incl. Paramicrothecium gen. nov.)ondeadstemsof Sambucus nigra. India , Aureobasidium microtermitis from the gut of a Microtermes sp. termite, Laccaria diospyricola on soil and Phylloporia tamilnadensis on branches of Catunaregam spinosa . Iran , Pythium serotinoosporum from soil under Prunus dulcis. Italy , Pluteus brunneovenosus on twigs of broad leaved trees on the ground. Japan , Heterophoma rehmanniae on leaves of Rehmannia glutinosa f. hueichingensis. Kazakhstan , Murispora kazachstanica from healthy roots of Triticum aestivum. Namibia , Caespitomonium euphorbiae (incl. Caespitomonium gen. nov.)from stems of an Euphorbia sp. Netherlands , Alfaria junci, Myrmecridium junci, Myrmecridium juncicola, Myrmecridium juncigenum, Ophioceras junci, Paradinemasporium junci (incl. Paradinemasporium gen. nov.), Phialoseptomonium junci, Sporidesmiella juncicola, Xenopyricularia junci and Zaanenomyces quadripartis (incl. Zaanenomyces gen. nov.), fromdeadculmsof Juncus effusus, Cylindromonium everniae and Rhodoveronaea everniae from Evernia prunastri, Cyphellophora sambuci and Myrmecridium sambuci from Sambucus nigra, Kiflimonium junci, Saro cladium junci, Zaanenomyces moderatricis academiae and Zaanenomyces versatilis from dead culms of Juncus inflexus, Microcera physciae from Physcia tenella, Myrmecridium dactylidis from dead culms of Dactylis glomerata, Neochalara spiraeae and Sporidesmium spiraeae from leaves of Spiraea japonica, Neofabraea salicina from Salix sp., Paradissoconium narthecii (incl. Paradissoconium gen. nov.)from dead leaves of Narthecium ossifragum, Polyscytalum vaccinii from Vaccinium myrtillus, Pseudosoloacrosporiella cryptomeriae (incl. Pseudosoloacrosporiella gen. nov.)fromleavesof Cryptomeria japonica, Ramularia pararhabdospora from Plantago lanceolata, Sporidesmiella pini from needles of Pinus sylvestris and Xenoacrodontium juglandis (incl. Xenoacrodontium gen. nov. and Xenoacrodontiaceae fam. nov.)from Juglans regia . New Zealand , Cryptometrion metrosideri from twigs of Metrosideros sp., Coccomyces pycnophyllocladi from dead leaves of Phyllocladus alpinus, Hypoderma aliforme from fallen leaves Fuscopora solandri and Hypoderma subiculatum from dead leaves Phormium tenax. Norway , Neodevriesia kalakoutskii from permafrost and Variabilispora viridis from driftwood of Picea abies. Portugal , Entomortierella hereditatis from abio film covering adeteriorated limestone wall. Russia , Colpoma junipericola from needles of Juniperus sabina, Entoloma cinnamomeum on soil in grasslands, Entoloma verae on soil in grasslands, Hyphodermella pallidostraminea on a dry dead branch of Actinidia sp., Lepiota sayanensis onlitterinamixedforest, Papiliotrema horticola from Malus communis , Paramacroventuria ribis (incl. Paramacroventuria gen. nov.)fromleaves of Ribes aureum and Paramyrothecium lathyri from leaves of Lathyrus tuberosus. South Africa , Harzia combreti from leaf litter of Combretum collinum ssp. sulvense, Penicillium xyleborini from Xyleborinus saxesenii , Phaeoisaria dalbergiae from bark of Dalbergia armata, Protocreopsis euphorbiae from leaf litter of Euphorbia ingens and Roigiella syzygii from twigs of Syzygium chordatum . Spain , Genea zamorana on sandy soil, Gymnopus nigrescens on Scleropodium touretii, Hesperomyces parexochomi on Parexochomus quadriplagiatus, Paraphoma variabilis from dung, Phaeococcomyces kinklidomatophilus from a blackened metal railing of an industrial warehouse and Tuber suaveolens in soil under Quercus faginea. Svalbard and Jan Mayen , Inocybe nivea associated with Salix polaris. Thailand , Biscogniauxia whalleyi oncorticatedwood. UK , Parasitella quercicola from Quercus robur. USA , Aspergillus arizonicus from indoor air in a hospital, Caeliomyces t anus (incl. Caeliomyces gen. nov.)fromoffice dust, Cippumomyces mortalis (incl. Cippumomyces gen. nov.)fromatombstone, Cylindrium desperesense from air in a store, Tetracoccosporium pseudoaerium from air s le in house, Toxicocladosporium glendoranum from air in a brick room, Toxicocladosporium losalamitosense from air in a classroom, Valsonectria portsmouthensis from airinmen'slockerroomand Varicosporellopsis americana from sludge in a water reservoir. Vietnam , Entoloma kovalenkoi on rotten wood, Fusarium chuoi inside seed of Musa itinerans , Micropsalliota albofelina on soil in tropical evergreen mixed forest sand Phytophthora docyniae from soil and roots of Docynia indica. Morphological and culture characteristics are supported by DNA barcodes.
Current status of Phytophthora in Australia
Publisher: Naturalis Biodiversity Center
Date: 31-12-2021
DOI: 10.3767/PERSOONIA.2021.47.05
Abstract: Among the most economically relevant and environmentally devastating diseases globally are those caused by Phytophthora species. In Australia, production losses in agriculture and forestry results from several well-known cosmopolitan Phytophthora species and infestation of natural ecosystems by Phytophthora cinnamomi have caused irretrievable loss to bio ersity, especially in proteaceous dominated heathlands. For this review, all available records of Phytophthora in Australia were collated and curated, resulting in a database of 7869 records, of which 2957 have associated molecular data. Australian databases hold records for 99 species, of which 20 are undescribed. Eight species have no records linked to molecular data, and their presence in Australia is considered doubtful. The 99 species reside in 10 of the 12 clades recognised within the complete phylogeny of Phytophthora . The review includes discussion on each of these species? status and additional information provided for another 29 species of concern. The first species reported in Australia in 1900 was Phytophthora infestans . By 2000, 27 species were known, predominantly from agriculture. The significant increase in species reported in the subsequent 20 years has coincided with extensive surveys in natural ecosystems coupled with molecular taxonomy and the recognition of numerous new phylogenetically distinct but morphologically similar species. Routine and targeted surveys within Australian natural ecosystems have resulted in the description of 27 species since 2009. Due to the new species descriptions over the last 20 years, many older records have been reclassified based on molecular identification. The distribution of records is skewed toward regions with considerable activity in high productivity agriculture, horticulture and forestry, and native vegetation at risk from P. cinnamomi . Native and exotic hosts of different Phytophthora species are found throughout the phylogeny however, species from clades 1, 7 and 8 are more likely to be associated with exotic hosts. One of the most difficult challenges to overcome when establishing a pest status is a lack of reliable data on the current state of a species in any given country or location. The database compiled here for Australia and the information provided for each species overcomes this challenge. This review will aid federal and state governments in risk assessments and trade negotiations by providing a comprehensive resource on the current status of Phytophthora species in Australia.
Phytophthora multivora sp. nov., a new species recovered from declining Eucalyptus, Banksia, Agonis and other plant species in Western Australia
Publisher: Naturalis Biodiversity Center
Date: 30-06-2009
Chitinase and peroxidase activities are induced in eucalyptus roots according to aggressiveness of Australian ectomycorrhizal strains of Pisolithus sp.
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 06-1994
DOI: 10.1111/J.1469-8137.1994.TB04273.X
Abstract: Peroxidase and chitinase activities were measured in roots of Eucalyptus globulus spp bicostata Kirkp. during colonization by Pisolithus sp. isolated from under Eucalyptus. Ten fungal isolates, ranging from poor to good root colonizers, were selected to represent a range of ectomycorrhizal aggressivity. The induction of chitinases and peroxidases was strongly related to the aggressiveness of the fungal strain. Only good colonizers, that is strains which rapidly form differentiated ectomycorrhizas, induced a strong response in the plant. Therefore, it can be concluded that these enzymes are not responsible for poor root colonization by the less aggressive strains. The chitinase response of Eucalyptus roots to contact with fungal extracts differed only slightly between weakly and strongly aggressive strains. This suggests that a major component of differential induction observed in vivo is the consequence of root colonization, tissue penetration and the ability to deliver elicitors to the plain print to and during rant colonization
In vitro synthesis of Pisolithus-Eucalyptus ectomycorrhizae: synchronization of lateral tip emergence and ectomycorrhizal development
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 22-05-1996
THE EFFECT OF ECTOMYCORRHIZAL FUNGI ON REDUCING THE VARIATION OF SEEDLING GROWTH OF EUCALYPTUS-GLOBULUS
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 02-1990
Microsatellite markers reflect intra‐specific relationships between isolates of the vascular wilt pathogen Ceratocystis fimbriata
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 11-2001
DOI: 10.1046/J.1464-6722.2001.00080.X
Abstract: summary Ceratocystis fimbriata is a serious wilt and canker stain pathogen with a wide geographical distribution and host range that includes both woody and herbaceous plants. Previous studies using hybridization have shown that isolates of C. fimbriata from different hosts and origins differ in colony morphology, pathogenicity and growth rate, as well as conidial state. It has therefore been suggested that distinct strains, linked to host or geographical origin, are encompassed in C. fimbriata. The aim of this study was to develop PCR-based microsatellite markers for population studies on C. fimbriata. ISSR-PCR was used to target specific microsatellite regions of DNA from C. fimbriata. These lified products were cloned and sequenced. Primer pairs were designed from these sequences to flank the microsatellite regions. From 24 primer pairs, 11 polymorphic primers were selected and tested on a number of C. fimbriata isolates representing a wide host and geographical range. Cluster analyses of the results indicate that these markers clearly distinguish between different geographical and host specific populations of C. fimbriata. The results are concordant with sequence data from the internal transcribed spacer (ITS) region of the rDNA operon of the same isolates. These markers will be useful in future studies of C. fimbriata population structure and ersity.
Phytophthora: taxonomic and phylogenetic revision of the genus
Publisher: Westerdijk Fungal Biodiversity Institute
Date: 2023
Foliar pests and pathogens ofEucalyptus dunniiplantations in southern Queensland
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Date: 2011
Identification and molecular phylogenetics of the cryptic species of the Gonipterus scutellatus complex (Coleoptera: Curculionidae: Gonipterini)
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 02-2012
Managing small remnants of native forest to increase biodiversity within plantation landscapes in the south west of Western Australia
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 04-2011
Anthropogenic Disturbance Impacts Mycorrhizal Communities and Abiotic Soil Properties: Implications for an Endemic Forest Disease
Publisher: Frontiers Media SA
Date: 29-01-2021
Abstract: In forest ecosystems, habitat fragmentation negatively impacts stand structure and bio ersity the resulting fragmented patches of forest have distinct, disturbed edge habitats that experience different environmental conditions than the interiors of the fragments. In southwest Western Australia, there is a large-scale decline of the keystone tree species Corymbia calophylla following fragmentation and land use change. These changes have altered stand structure and increased their susceptibility to an endemic fungal pathogen, Quambalaria coyrecup , which causes chronic canker disease especially along disturbed forest habitats. However, the impacts of fragmentation on belowground processes in this system are not well-understood. We examined the effects of fragmentation on abiotic soil properties and ectomycorrhizal (ECM) and arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungal communities, and whether these belowground changes were drivers of disease incidence. We collected soil from 17 sites across the distribution range of C. calophylla . Soils were collected across a gradient from disturbed, diseased areas to undisturbed, disease-free areas. We analysed soil nutrients and grew C . calophylla plants as a bioassay host. Plants were harvested and roots collected after 6 months of growth. DNA was extracted from the roots, lified using fungal specific primers and sequenced using Illumina MiSeq. Concentrations of key soil nutrients such as nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium were much higher along the disturbed, diseased edges in comparison to undisturbed areas. Disturbance altered the community composition of ECM and AM fungi however, only ECM fungal communities had lower rarefied richness and ersity along the disturbed, diseased areas compared to undisturbed areas. Accounting for effects of disturbance, ECM fungal ersity and leaf litter depth were highly correlated with increased disease incidence in C. calophylla . In the face of global change, increased virulence of an endemic pathogen has emerged in this Mediterranean-type forest.
Community composition and distribution of Phytophthora species across adjacent native and non-native forests of South Africa
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 12-2018
Options for reducing uncertainty in impact classification for alien species
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 04-2021
DOI: 10.1002/ECS2.3461
Abstract: Impact assessment is an important and cost‐effective tool for assisting in the identification and prioritization of invasive alien species. With the number of alien and invasive alien species expected to increase, reliance on impact assessment tools for the identification of species that pose the greatest threats will continue to grow. Given the importance of such assessments for management and resource allocation, it is critical to understand the uncertainty involved and what effect this may have on the outcome. Using an uncertainty typology and insects as a model taxon, we identified and classified the causes and types of uncertainty when performing impact assessments on alien species. We assessed 100 alien insect species across two rounds of assessments with each species independently assessed by two assessors. Agreement between assessors was relatively low for all three impact classification components (mechanism, severity, and confidence) after the first round of assessments. For the second round, we revised guidelines and gave assessors access to each other’s assessments which improved agreement by between 20% and 30% for impact mechanism, severity, and confidence. Of the 12 potential reasons for assessment discrepancies identified a priori, 11 were found to occur. The most frequent causes (and types) of uncertainty (i.e., differences between assessment outcomes for the same species) were as follows: incomplete information searches (systematic error), unclear mechanism and/or extent of impact (subjective judgment due to a lack of knowledge), and limitations of the assessment framework (context dependence). In response to these findings, we identify actions that may reduce uncertainty in the impact assessment process, particularly for assessing speciose taxa with erse life histories such as Insects. Evidence of environmental impact was available for most insect species, and (of the non‐random original subset of species assessed) 14 of those with evidence were identified as high impact species (with either major or massive impact). Although uncertainty in risk assessment, including impact assessments, can never be eliminated, identifying, and communicating its cause and variety is a first step toward its reduction and a more reliable assessment outcome, regardless of the taxa being assessed.
Influence of low oxygen levels in aeroponics chambers on eucalypt roots infected with Phytophthora cinnamomi
Publisher: Scientific Societies
Date: 04-1998
DOI: 10.1094/PDIS.1998.82.4.368
Abstract: Aeroponics root chambers were designed to evaluate the influence of low oxygen on disease development in clones of Eucalyptus marginata susceptible or resistant to infection by Phytophthora cinnamomi. Actively growing 7-month-old clones of E. marginata were transferred into the aeroponics chambers, into which a nutrient solution was delivered in a fine spray, providing optimal conditions for root growth. Prior to inoculation by zoospores of P. cinnamomi under normal oxygen, the roots were exposed to four treatments: (i) normal oxygen, approximately 8 mg of O 2 liter -1 (ii) 6 days of hypoxia, 2 mg of O 2 liter -1 (iii) anoxic acclimatization 2 days at 2 mg of O 2 liter -1 , 2 days at 1 mg of O 2 liter -1 , 2 days at 0.5 mg of O 2 liter -1 , 2 days at 2 mg of O 2 liter -1 , and 6 h at .05 mg of O 2 liter -1 and (iv) 6 h of anoxia, .05 mg of O 2 liter -1 . Root extension during hypoxia was greatly reduced. Lesion development was least for roots exposed to hypoxia and greatest for roots exposed to anoxia for 6 h, suggesting increased resistance of E. marginata to P. cinnamomi following hypoxia.
Phylogenetic lineages in the Botryosphaeriales: a systematic and evolutionary framework
Publisher: Westerdijk Fungal Biodiversity Institute
Date: 09-2013
DOI: 10.3114/SIM0020
Increased susceptibility of Eucalyptus marginata to stem infection by Phytophthora cinnamomi resulting from root hypoxia
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 12-1999
New species from Phytophthora Clade 6a: evidence for recent radiation
Publisher: Naturalis Biodiversity Center
Date: 18-12-2018
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