ORCID Profile
0000-0002-2242-2891
Current Organisations
University of Adelaide
,
University of Tasmania
,
The University of Newcastle
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Publications
Estimating annual generation rates of total P and total N for different land uses in Tasmania, Australia
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 06-2011
DOI: 10.1016/J.JENVMAN.2011.01.023
Abstract: Water quality issues have become increasingly important to Australian catchment stakeholders. As extensive nutrient s ling and modelling expertise are often absent or unattainable, simple unit-area models like Catchment Management Support System (CMSS) remain an attractive option for informing water quality management decisions. The selection of nutrient generation rates for use in CMSS is often an arbitrary assignment based on limited literature sources or expert opinion. Using a Bayesian model to estimate nutrient generation rates for the region of Tasmania, Australia, improved the rigor of CMSS modelling and in the process highlighted that dairy pastures were the most significant contributor of total phosphorus and total nitrogen loads to Tasmanian rivers.
The maximum growth rate of life on Earth
Publisher: Cambridge University Press (CUP)
Date: 06-02-2017
DOI: 10.1017/S1473550416000501
Abstract: Life on Earth spans a range of temperatures and exhibits biological growth rates that are temperature dependent. While the observation that growth rates are temperature dependent is well known, we have recently shown that the statistical distribution of specific growth rates for life on Earth is a function of temperature (Corkrey et al ., 2016). The maximum rates of growth of all life have a distinct limit, even when grown under optimal conditions, and which vary predictably with temperature. We term this distribution of growth rates the biokinetic spectrum for temperature (BKST). The BKST possibly arises from a trade-off between catalytic activity and stability of enzymes involved in a rate-limiting Master Reaction System (MRS) within the cell. We develop a method to extrapolate quantile curves for the BKST to obtain the posterior probability of the maximum rate of growth of any form of life on Earth. The maximum rate curve conforms to the observed data except below 0°C and above 100°C where the predicted value may be positively biased. The deviation below 0°C may arise from the bulk properties of water, while the degradation of biomolecules may be important above 100°C. The BKST has potential application in astrobiology by providing an estimate of the maximum possible growth rate attainable by terrestrial life and perhaps life elsewhere. We suggest that the area under the maximum growth rate curve and the peak rate may be useful characteristics in considerations of habitability. The BKST can serve as a diagnostic for unusual life, such as second biogenesis or non-terrestrial life. Since the MRS must have been heavily conserved the BKST may contain evolutionary relics. The BKST can serve as a signature summarizing the nature of life in environments beyond Earth, or to characterize species arising from a second biogenesis on Earth.
A Bayesian Capture–Recapture Population Model With Simultaneous Estimation of Heterogeneity
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Date: 09-2008
Spacing uniformity - Yield effects and in-field measurement
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 04-1996
DOI: 10.1007/BF02853075
Establishment of native Eucalyptus pauciflora and exotic Eucalyptus nitens on former grazing land
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 21-02-2010
The Biokinetic Spectrum for Temperature and optimal Darwinian fitness
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 02-2019
DOI: 10.1016/J.JTBI.2018.10.052
Abstract: Darwinian fitness is maximised at a temperature below T
Host location and parasitism of Brevicoryne brassicae in diversified broccoli cropping systems
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 13-10-2008
Foliar treatment of 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid for control of common scab in potato have beneficial effects on powdery scab control
Publisher: Hindawi Limited
Date: 2014
DOI: 10.1155/2014/947167
Abstract: Prior studies have shown that applications of the synthetic auxin 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D) to the foliage of potato plants can reduce common scab. Here field and glasshouse trials suggest that 2,4-D foliar treatments may also reduce the biologically distinct tuber disease, powdery scab. Significant correlations between suppression of common and powdery scab from the field trials suggested an interaction between the two diseases or possible additional broad spectrum mechanisms of enhanced defence against pathogen invasion provided by 2,4-D treatment.
Pressing the key pad: trial of a novel approach to health promotion advice
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 08-2005
DOI: 10.1016/J.YPMED.2004.12.008
Abstract: A relatively simple procedure, the Pap test, is effective in detecting early changes in the cervix however, many at-risk women, even in developed countries, do not have regular Pap tests. A randomized controlled trial of an interactive voice response (IVR) cervical screening brief advice involving 17,008 households is described. The IVR system automatically made calls to households and explained the nature of the call selected one eligible woman aged 18-69 years determined her screening status delivered a message appropriate to her screening status offered additional messages to counter common barriers offered additional information on cervical screening and cancer offered additional contact numbers and offered to arrange for someone to call back. Cervical screening rate data were obtained from the Australian Health Insurance Commission (HIC) for 6 months before and following the intervention. The cervical screening rate was found to have increased by 0.43% in intervention compared to the control postcodes, and the increase was greater for older women at 1.34%. The overall conclusion was that IVR technology was a feasible means to contact women to deliver brief interventions aimed at increasing cervical screening rates and could economically target at-risk groups. The potential for linking IVR to centralized Pap test Registers to issue Pap test reminders should be explored.
Analyzing temporally correlated dolphin sightings data using generalized estimating equations
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 19-03-2012
Pilot trial of a novel cervical screening intervention: Interactive Voice Response
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 06-2005
DOI: 10.1111/J.1467-842X.2005.TB00765.X
Abstract: This paper describes the pilot of an interactive voice response (IVR) cervical screening brief advice interface. In September 2000, 5,000 households within Cessnock, New South Wales, were contacted by an IVR system. The system randomly selected eligible women aged 18-69, assessed their cervical screening status and provided a tailored message about cervical screening. A computer-assisted telephone interview (CATI) evaluated intervention acceptability. Participation rates, participant demographics, IVR use by women, and IVR costs were also examined. 549 (12%) women listened to the IVR call and 587 (59%) completed the CATI interview. IVR listeners under-represented younger and older women, and over-represented women who were married, and of Aboriginal descent. The majority of women (98%) found IVR easy to answer and 90% agreed IVR reminders were a good idea. Unscreened and older women used the system more than screened or younger women. The IVR call was successfully used by a large number of women to obtain information on cervical cancer screening, with higher use by recognised risk groups. These results suggest that an IVR reminder might be useful to increase cervical screening rates since those most at risk also used IVR the most. The potential for linking IVR to a database to issue reminders in the same manner as Pap Test Register postal reminders needs to be explored.
Universality of Thermodynamic Constants Governing Biological Growth Rates
Publisher: Public Library of Science (PLoS)
Date: 14-02-2012
Relationship between the application of foliar chemicals to reduce common scab disease of potato and correlation with thaxtomin A toxicity
Publisher: Scientific Societies
Date: 2012
Abstract: Production of the phytotoxin thaxtomin A by pathogenic Streptomyces spp. is essential for induction of common scab disease in potato. The disease can be significantly reduced by a range of chemicals applied as foliar sprays before tuber initiation. We tested a range of chemicals that had previously demonstrated varying capacities to reduce common scab for both disease suppression and their ability to inhibit thaxtomin A toxicity in both ‘Desiree’ and ‘Russet Burbank’ potato. Our results for disease suppression generally supported previous studies. Our tuber slice assays with thaxtomin A showed a strong correlation between the ability of the chemical to suppress common scab symptom development and the ability of the chemical to inhibit thaxtomin A toxicity. A Bayesian measurement error linear regression model was derived for each cultivar and trial and demonstrated a clear positive relationship between disease and thaxtomin-A-induced necrosis. The relationships obtained were much stronger than would have been obtained without adjustment for measurement error. This demonstrates that disease mitigation using chemical foliar sprays is strongly correlated with the ability of the chemical to inhibit thaxtomin A toxicity, suggesting this mechanism as a key mode of action for understanding this novel disease control strategy.
Optimal rates of 2,4-dichlophenoxyacetic acid foliar application for control of common scab in potato
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 04-06-2014
DOI: 10.1111/AAB.12138
Recovery after defoliation in Eucalyptus globulus saplings: respiration and growth
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 23-03-2016
Perceptions and knowledge of measurement in selection programs: A survey of stud merino breeders in Australia
Publisher: CSIRO Publishing
Date: 1995
DOI: 10.1071/EA9950681
Abstract: A total of 329 (25%) stud Merino breeders returned a survey designed to evaluate their knowledge of, and attitudes to, objective measurement in sheep breeding and performance recording. The data were analysed by log-linear regression techniques. There was overwhelming agreement that performance records were not as valid as traditional methods, but there was general agreement that measurement improves accuracy of selection, increases genetic gain, assists ram buyers and breeders, and increases flock earnings. There is a significant concern regarding the accuracy of fleece tests. Most respondents (60%) intend to increase their use of measurement, although the common attitude was that measurement only gives back-up to visual assessment. Some answers demonstrated a lack of understanding of the principles of applying measurement. There appears to be a difference between breeders and those more closely involved with technical genetics in interpretation of the term 'breeding objective'. Department of Agriculture Officers and Stock Agents rated poorly as sources of information. Rural newspapers and magazines are confirmed as useful media for awareness. It was concluded that a number of barriers to adoption of objective measurement and performance recording need to be overcome, including suspicion about the accuracy of the fleece tests, and the ram age at which testing can be conducted with confidence.
Long-term trends in the use of a protected area by small cetaceans in relation to changes in population status
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 12-2014
Pressing the key pad: trial of a novel approach to health promotion advice
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 08-2005
DOI: 10.1016/J.YPMED.2004.12.008
Abstract: A relatively simple procedure, the Pap test, is effective in detecting early changes in the cervix however, many at-risk women, even in developed countries, do not have regular Pap tests. A randomized controlled trial of an interactive voice response (IVR) cervical screening brief advice involving 17,008 households is described. The IVR system automatically made calls to households and explained the nature of the call selected one eligible woman aged 18-69 years determined her screening status delivered a message appropriate to her screening status offered additional messages to counter common barriers offered additional information on cervical screening and cancer offered additional contact numbers and offered to arrange for someone to call back. Cervical screening rate data were obtained from the Australian Health Insurance Commission (HIC) for 6 months before and following the intervention. The cervical screening rate was found to have increased by 0.43% in intervention compared to the control postcodes, and the increase was greater for older women at 1.34%. The overall conclusion was that IVR technology was a feasible means to contact women to deliver brief interventions aimed at increasing cervical screening rates and could economically target at-risk groups. The potential for linking IVR to centralized Pap test Registers to issue Pap test reminders should be explored.
Benchmarking nitrous oxide emissions in deciduous tree cropping systems
Publisher: CSIRO Publishing
Date: 2016
DOI: 10.1071/SR15326
Abstract: Nitrous oxide (N2O) emissions contribute 6% of the global warming effect and are derived from the activity of soil-based microorganisms involved in nitrification and denitrification processes. There is a paucity of greenhouse gas emissions data for Australia’s horticulture industry. In this study we investigated N2O flux from two deciduous fruit tree crops, apples and cherries, in two predominant growing regions in eastern Australia, the Huon Valley in southern Tasmania (Lucaston – apples and Lower Longley – cherries), and high altitude northern New South Wales (Orange – apples and Young – cherries). Estimated from manual chamber measurements over a 12-month period, average daily emissions were very low ranging from 0.78gN2O-Nha–1day–1 in the apple orchard at Lucaston to 1.86gN2O-Nha–1day–1 in the cherry orchard in Lower Longley. Daily emissions were up to 50% higher in summer (maximum 5.27gN2O-Nha–1day–1 at Lower Longley) than winter (maximum 2.47gN2O-Nha–1day–1 at Young) across the four trial orchards. N2O emissions were ~40% greater in the inter-row than the tree line for each orchard. Daily flux rates were used as a loss estimate for annual emissions, which ranged from 298gN2O-Nha–1year–1 at Lucaston to 736gN2O-Nha–1year–1 at Lower Longley. Emissions were poorly correlated with soil temperature, volumetric water content, water filled porosity, gravimetric water content and matric potential – with inconsistent patterns between sites, within the tree line and inter-row and between seasons. Stepwise linear regression models for the Lucaston site accounted for less than 10% of the variance in N2O emissions, for which soil temperature was the strongest predictor. N2O emissions in deciduous tree crops were among the lowest recorded for Australian agriculture, most likely due to low rates of N fertiliser, cool temperate growing conditions and highly efficient drip irrigation systems. We recommend that optimising nutrient use efficiency with improved drainage and a reduction in soil compaction in the inter-row will facilitate further mitigation of N2O emissions.
A comparison of potato seed-tuber sampling strategies using visual and DNA analyses to estimate incidence of major seed tuber-borne pathogens
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 12-04-2014
Generalized Electronic Interviewing System (GEIS): A program and scripting method for conducting interviews in multiple modes
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 11-2004
DOI: 10.3758/BF03206559
Abstract: A program called the Generalized Electronic Interviewing System (GEIS) was developed for conducting interviews, using computer-assisted telephone interview (CATI) and interactive voice response (IVR) modes without the need for a programmed interface. GEIS questionnaires were prepared using a common script syntax in all supported modes. Scripted development allowed for rapid interview development without the need for programming. A GEIS script specified the following: question texts, including variable texts answer option texts numeric codes for answers range check information logical question-branching information interview status information do-loop information and IVR information, such as key codes and voice messages. GEIS thoroughly checked scripts for logical or syntactical errors. GEIS required SAS Version 8.0, and survey data were accumulated within SAS data sets. An application of GEIS to conduct a survey involving CATI, IVR, and a combined hybrid method is described. The CATI results deviated in the direction expected for sensitive questions, whereas IVR obtained a small s le size, rendering the results unreliable. However, the hybrid method was found to provide more accurate telephone survey data on alcohol consumption than did CATI alone. The program may be downloaded from the Psychonomic Society Web archive at rchive/.
Eight years of annual monitoring of DNA of soil-borne potato pathogens in farm soils in south eastern Australia
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 12-12-2015
A weighted coefficient model for estimation of Australian daily soil temperature at depths of 5 cm to 100 cm based on air temperature and rainfall
Publisher: CSIRO Publishing
Date: 2011
DOI: 10.1071/SR10151
Abstract: Soil temperatures are related to air temperature and rainfall on the current day and preceding days, and this can be expressed in a non-linear relationship to provide a weighted value for the effect of air temperature or rainfall based on days lag and soil depth. The weighted minimum and maximum air temperatures and weighted rainfall can then be combined with latitude and a seasonal function to estimate soil temperature at any depth in the range 5–100 cm. The model had a root mean square deviation of 1.21–1.85°C for minimum, average, and maximum soil temperature for all weather stations in Australia (mainland and Tasmania), except for maximum soil temperature at 5 and 10 cm, where the model was less precise (3.39° and 2.52°, respectively). Data for this analysis were obtained from 32–40 Bureau of Meteorology weather stations throughout Australia and the proposed model was validated using 5-fold cross-validation.
Host testing, establishment and biology of the gorse soft shoot moth, Agonopterix umbellana (Fabricius) (Lepidoptera: Oecophoridae), a potential biological control agent for gorse, Ulex europaeus L. (Fabaceae), in Australia
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 12-2013
Protein Thermodynamics Can Be Predicted Directly from Biological Growth Rates
Publisher: Public Library of Science (PLoS)
Date: 05-2014
Can climate at the seed-source predict the success of eucalypts planted on sites that have been grazed for over 100 years?
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 02-2010
Ambient climate and soil effects on the headspace under clear mulch film
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 02-2016
Predictive microbiology theory and application: Is it all about rates?
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 02-2013
Characteristics of arboreal marsupial habitat in the semi-arid woodlands of northern Queensland
Publisher: CSIRO Publishing
Date: 1996
DOI: 10.1071/WR9960185
Abstract: The distribution of the koala (Phascolarctos cinereus) and the common brushtail possum (Trichosurus vulpecula) within the Prairie-Torrens Creek Alluvials province of the Desert Upland region of north-western Queensland was examined. The optimum habitat for each species as indicated by the occurrence of faecal pellet groups was found to be that associated with creek-lines. However, other land types were also used by each species to varying degrees. The relationship between various habitat variables and pellet group counts was investigated using Multiple regression and a Generalised linear model. Proximity to creek-bed, total basal area of trees, species richness and Acacia basal area (negative) best explained the occurrence of koalas. Proximity to creek-bed, Acacia basal area (negative), total basal area of trees, and available water (negative) best explained the occurrence of brushtail possums. In contrast to studies of arboreal species in the moist-south-eastern forests of Australia no relationship was found between foliar nutrient concentrations and the occurrence of koalas or brushtail possums. However, a significant relationship was found between leaf water concentration and the occurrence of koalas. It is suggested that water availability is the paramount factor defining preferred arboreal habitat in arid and semi-arid woodlands.
The effect of controlled traffic on soil physical properties and tillage requirements for vegetable production
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 06-2015
The Biokinetic Spectrum for Temperature
Publisher: Public Library of Science (PLoS)
Date: 18-04-2016
Modeling the risk of phosphorus runoff following single and split phosphorus fertilizer applications in two contrasting catchments
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 03-2011
DOI: 10.2134/JEQ2010.0146
Abstract: The potential loss of P in runoff is a function of the combined effects of fertilizer-soil interactions and climatic characteristics. In this study, we applied a Bayesian approach to experimental data to model the annualized long-term risk of P runoff following single and split P fertilizer applications using two ex le catchments with contrasting rainfall/runoff patterns. Split P fertilizer strategies are commonly used in intensive pasture production in Australia and our results showed that three applications of 13.3 kg P ha(-1) resulted in a greater risk of P runoff compared with a single application of 40 kg P ha(-1) when long-term surface runoff data were incorporated into a Bayesian P risk model. Splitting P fertilizer applications increased the likelihood of a coincidence of fertilizer application and runoff occurring. We found that the overall risk of P runoff is also increased in catchments where the rainfall/runoff pattern is less predictable, compared with catchments where rainfall/runoff is winter dominant. The findings of our study also question the effectiveness of current recommendations to avoid applying fertilizer if runoff is likely to occur in the next few days, as we found that total P concentrations at the half-life were still very high (18.2 and 8.2 mg P L(-1)) following single and split P treatments, respectively. Data from the current study also highlight that omitting P fertilizer on soils that already have adequate soil test P concentrations is an effective method of reducing P loss in surface runoff. If P fertilizer must be applied, we recommend less frequent applications and only during periods of the year when the risk of surface P runoff is low.
Perception of climate change and its impact by smallholders in pastoral/agropastoral systems of Borana, South Ethiopia
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 20-05-2015
The effect of soil P sorption properties and phosphorus fertiliser application strategy on 'incidental' phosphorus fertiliser characteristics: a laboratory study
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 20-07-2011
Identification of the putative aggregation pheromone components emitted by the European earwig, Forficula auricularia
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 20-07-2016
Does low-intensity surface fire increase water- and nutrient-availability to overstorey Eucalyptus gomphocephala?
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 23-06-2011
Suberin deposition in potato periderm: a novel resistance mechanism against tuber greening
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 02-01-2020
DOI: 10.1111/NPH.16334
Abstract: Light-induced tuber greening is one of the most important quality defects of potato. Although varietal and maturity factors are known to affect greening resistance, physiological mechanisms of resistance are poorly understood. We proposed that physiological and biochemical factors within the tuber periderm provide resistance and hypothesised that resistance is primarily related to suberin content. We investigated differences in the tuber periderm between genotypes and tuber maturities that varied in greening propensity. We examined suberin and light-induced pigment accumulation, and phellem cell development and studied greening propensity in mutant and chemically treated tubers with enhanced suberisation. Resistance to greening was strongly linked to increased suberin in the periderm, which varied with variety and tuber maturity. Furthermore, greening was reduced in mutant and chemically treated tubers with enhanced suberisation. Increases in phellem cell layers and light-induced carotenoids and anthocyanins were identified as secondary resistance factors. Our work represents the first physiological mechanism of varietal and tuber maturity resistance to greening, expanding the known functionality of suberin and providing for the first time a biomarker that will aid producers and breeders in selection and improvement of potato varieties for greening resistance.
Photosynthetic responses of field-grown Pinus radiata trees to artificial and aphid-induced defoliation
Publisher: Oxford University Press (OUP)
Date: 06-2011
Abstract: The phloem-feeding aphid Essigella californica represents a potential threat to the productivity of Pinus radiata plantations in south-eastern Australia. Five- and nine-year-old field trials were used to characterize the effects of artificial and natural aphid-induced (E. californica) defoliation, respectively, on shoot photosynthesis and growth. Photosynthetic capacity (A(max)) was significantly greater following a 25% (D25) (13.8 µmol m(-2) s(-1)) and a 50% (D50) (15.9 µmol m(-2) s(-1)) single-event upper-crown artificial defoliation, 3 weeks after defoliation than in undefoliated control trees (12.9 µmol m(-2) s(-1)). This response was consistently observed for up to 11 weeks after the defoliation event by Week 16, there was no difference in A(max) between control and defoliated trees. In the D50 treatment, this increased A(max) was not sufficient to fully compensate for the foliage loss as evidenced by the reduced diameter increment (by 15%) in defoliated trees 36 weeks after defoliation. In contrast, diameter increment of trees in the D25 treatment was unaffected by defoliation. The A(max) of trees experiencing upper-crown defoliation by natural and repeated E. californica infestations varied, depending on host genotype. Despite clear differences in defoliation levels between resistant and susceptible genotypes (17 vs. 35% of tree crown defoliated, respectively), growth of susceptible genotypes was not significantly different from that of resistant genotypes. The observed increases in A(max) in the lower crown of the canopy following attack suggested that susceptible genotypes were able to partly compensate for the loss of foliage by compensatory photosynthesis. The capacity of P. radiata to regulate photosynthesis in response to natural aphid-induced defoliation provides evidence that the impact of E. californica attack on stem growth will be less than expected, at least for up to 35% defoliation.
Effect of a Community Action Intervention on Cervical Cancer Screening Rates in Rural Australian Towns: The CART Project
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 02-2001
Hematologic and serum biochemical reference intervals for wild Tasmanian devils (Sarcophilus harrisii)
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 27-11-2015
DOI: 10.1111/VCP.12304
Abstract: The Tasmanian devil (Sarcophilus harrisii) is a carnivorous marsupial threatened with extinction by a fatally infectious cancer known as devil facial tumor disease (DFTD). Conservation efforts including captive breeding and island translocations are underway to address this threat. The objectives of this study were to determine hematologic and serum biochemical reference intervals (RI) to aid in health assessment of Tasmanian devils, and to examine seasonal, sex, reproductive status and age variations. We collected jugular blood s les from in idual wild Tasmanian devils at 2 different locations over a 2-year period to determine hematologic and serum biochemical RI by nonparametric methods using the central 0.95 fraction. A total of 307 blood s les were collected from 187 devils. Significant age differences were found for ALP, CK, cholesterol, calcium, phosphate, albumin, globulins, albumin: globulin ratio, and glucose. Significant differences between sexes were observed for AST, creatinine, and potassium. Significant seasonal or reproductive status variation in adult males or breeding females were observed for PCV, HGB, RBC, MCHC, MCH, MCV, neutrophils and lymphocytes, fibrinogen, total plasma protein, AST, ALP, ALT, GLDH, bilirubin, urea, calcium, chloride, total protein, albumin, A:G, and glucose. Many of the differences observed between subgroups can be explained by growth requirements, reproductive demands, and seasonal effects on activity. This study has determined comprehensive RI for the Tasmanian devil, which will be used to assess animals targeted for captive breeding and translocations, or affected by DFTD.
Habitat and plant diversity of Trifolium tumens (Steven ex M. Bieb.) collected in Azerbaijan and its characterisation and field evaluation in Tasmania, Australia
Publisher: CSIRO Publishing
Date: 2013
DOI: 10.1071/CP13040
Abstract: Trifolium tumens (Talish clover) is a perennial legume species not previously domesticated for use in world agriculture. It is native to areas of the eastern Mediterranean, Caucasus and mountainous areas of the Middle East with a warm temperate or cool Mediterranean environment. The species has been identified by pasture researchers in Australia as a having sufficient drought and grazing tolerance to fill a gap created by the lack of a well adapted perennial legume for dryland pasture systems across low rainfall (450 to 750 mm annual average rainfall), temperate regions of Australia. The need to expand available genetic ersity of this species resulted in a germplasm collecting mission to Azerbaijan in 2004. The successful mission collected seed from 35 populations of T. tumens across 7 agro ecological zones, including 5 climatic zones. This collection increased the number of accessions held in ex situ local and international collections from 21 to 56. The range of adaptation and frequency of the collection of T. tumens was far greater than expected with accessions found at altitudes ranging from 12 to 1700 m above sea level, in soils with pH (1:5 H20) ranging between 5.0 and 9.0 and rainfall varying from 300 to 1300 mm. T. tumens was found growing alongside a erse range of companion species in heavily grazed lowland pastures up to lightly grazed alpine meadows. This material has been characterised by the Tasmanian Institute of Agriculture (TIA), with promising accessions contributing to a breeding program to develop a commercial cultivar adapted to temperate environments ( mm rainfall).
A comparison of four computer-based telephone interviewing methods: getting answers to sensitive questions
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 08-2002
DOI: 10.3758/BF03195463
Abstract: Interactive voice response (IVR) technology presents a new and promising approach by which to collect accurate data on sensitive topics by telephone interviews. In a national survey of 2,880 households of alcohol and drug consumption, we compared computer-assisted telephone interviewing (CATT) and IVR with two hybrid methods that combine IVR with CATI. The principal hypothesis was that the self-report rates of sensitive behaviors would be higher for the hybrid and IVR methods owing to greater perceived confidentiality than with CATI. All the methods obtained similar s le demographic compositions. Response rates did not differ significantly between the CATI and the hybrid methods however, the response rate with IVR was significantly lower. The hybrid and IVR methods obtained significantly higher self-report consumption rates for alcohol and marijuana and significantly higher hazardous drinking scores, as measured by the Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test (AUDIT).
Interactive voice response: Review of studies 1989-2000
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 08-2002
DOI: 10.3758/BF03195462
Abstract: A systematic review of the use of interactive voice response (IVR) was conducted. IVR is a telephone interviewing technique in which the human speaker is replaced by a high-quality recorded interactive script to which the respondent provides answers by pressing the keys of a touch telephone (touchphone). IVR has numerous advantages, including economy, autonomy, confidentiality, access to certain population groups, improved data quality, standardized interviewing, multilingual interfaces, and detailed longitudinal assessments. Despite this, there have been few applications of IVR. Previous studies have been in the areas of information services, reminder calls, monitoring, assessment, experimentation, interventions, and surveys. Areas that have received little attention have been the systematic evaluation of voice, multilingual interfaces, touchphone prevalence, survey response rates, use by the elderly, and acceptability.
Whole-plant versus leaf-level regulation of photosynthetic responses after partial defoliation in Eucalyptus globulus saplings
Publisher: Oxford University Press (OUP)
Date: 04-02-2013
DOI: 10.1093/JXB/ERT017
Development and evaluation of predictive habitat models to assist the conservation planning of a threatened lucanid beetle, Hoplogonus simsoni, in north-east Tasmania
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 08-2004
Influences of seedling size, container type and mammal browsing on the establishment of Eucalyptus globulus in plantation forestry
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 28-06-2010
Spectral characterization of necrosis from reflectance of Eucalyptus globulus leaves with Mycosphaerella leaf disease or subjected to artificial lesions
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Date: 29-09-2011
Leaf growth and senescence rates of three pasture grasses and wheat
Publisher: CSIRO Publishing
Date: 2013
DOI: 10.1071/CP13178
Abstract: A glasshouse study was conducted under ideal conditions to determine leaf appearance, elongation, and senescence rates along with life span and leaf length characteristics of four grass species: wheat (Triticum aestivum L.), brown back wallaby grass (Rytidosperma duttonianum (Cashmore) Connor and Edgar), phalaris (Phalaris aquatica L.), and annual ryegrass (Lolium rigidum Gaud.). This study provided a comprehensive characterisation of leaf turnover rates for the entire life cycle of these grasses, some of which are poorly characterised. Importantly, leaf senescence rate has been captured in the same conditions as the other leaf rates of the life cycle. Leaf position proved to be a significant explanatory variable in each of the leaf turnover rates. The relationships between leaf position and the components of leaf turnover were most commonly represented by non-linear models. Further studies may be necessary to validate these statistical models to field situations. However, this information will be useful to calibrate the senescence algorithms of plant growth models in agricultural decision support tools, which may then be applied to simulation studies including the assessment of grass curing for planning activities such as resource allocation, wildfire suppression, and execution of prescribed burning programs by fire management agencies.
Understanding infection risk factors for integrated disease management of brown rot and grey mould in sweet cherry
Publisher: International Society for Horticultural Science (ISHS)
Date: 12-2015
Production and management considerations of running wethers, hemi-castrates and induced cryptorchids for wool production
Publisher: CSIRO Publishing
Date: 1997
DOI: 10.1071/EA95122
Abstract: Summary. Male, fine wool Merino sheep which had been subjected to different methods of castration as lambs were assessed from 22 to 46 months of age for their suitability for wool production, their tolerance to posthitis and their carcass characteristics. Hemi-castrates produced significantly (P .001) more clean wool than induced cryptorchids of a similar fibre diameter. Induced cryptorchids and hemi-castrates were significantly (P .05) heavier than wethers. Partial hemi-castrates and induced cryptorchids had significantly (P .001) heavier and leaner carcasses (lower GR measurement) than wethers and testosterone-treated wethers. Induced cryptorchidism and hemi-castration proved to be effective means of reducing the prevalence of posthitis such that as the degree of castration decreased the proportion of animals with higher posthitis scores decreased (P .001). Testosterone levels in induced cryptorchids (1.01 ng/mL) and hemi-castrates with partial reduction of the parenchyma (0.83 ng/mL) were similar, whereas hemi-castrates with complete reduction of the parenchyma in the 1 remaining testicle had a significantly (P .001) lower level (0.32 ng/mL) and significantly (P .001) lighter testes. Development of horns and obvious scrotums by induced cryptorchids and hemi-castrates with partial reduction of the parenchyma in the 1 remaining testicle attracted penalty rates at shearing and slaughter. Some induced cryptorchids and hemi-castrates exhibited masculine behaviour, but they were unlikely to be fertile because although spermatozoa were present they were abnormal and/or non-motile. Hemi-castrates with full reduction of the parenchyma in the 1 remaining testicle offer significant advantages over the other groups for wool production. Severe posthitis was not observed, they were infertile, they did not attract penalty rates for shearing or slaughter and their clean fleece weight, wool quality, carcass weight and grade were comparable with or superior to wethers. To reduce dependence on synthetic hormones to control posthitis, traditional complete castration techniques could be replaced with this type of partial castration in wool-producing flocks.
Impact of short-rotation Acacia hybrid plantations on soil properties of degraded lands in Central Vietnam
Publisher: CSIRO Publishing
Date: 2014
DOI: 10.1071/SR13166
Abstract: Acacia hybrid (A. mangium × A. auriculiformis) is the main species planted for short-rotation forestry in Vietnam. In this study, the effect of these plantations on some key properties of degraded gravelly soils in Central Vietnam was assessed. Soil s les were collected from second- or third-rotation plantations representative of five age classes (0.5–5 years old), and in adjacent abandoned lands as controls. Compared with abandoned land, stock of total soil carbon (C) was significantly higher at ages 0.5, 1.5, 2.5 and 5 years (18.4–19.5 v. 13.0 Mg ha–1), total nitrogen (N) at 0.5 and 1.5 years (1.5–1.7 v. 1.0 Mg ha–1), exchangeable calcium at 0.5, 1.5 and 2.5 years (215–294 v. 42 Mg ha–1), magnesium at 0.5, 1.5, 2.5 and 3.5 years (39–48 v. 19 Mg ha–1), and sodium at all ages (46–59 v. 5 Mg ha–1). Electrical conductivity was significantly higher at all ages (58.5–69.4 v. 32.7 µS cm–1). Differences in extractable phosphorus and exchangeable potassium were not significantly different between plantations and abandoned land. Bulk density was significantly lower in plantations than abandoned land at all ages (1.36–1.42 v. 1.55 Mg ha–1), pHCaCl2 at 0.5 and 5 years (3.78–3.84 v. 3.98), and pHH2O at 5 years (4.30 v. 4.52). Because the soils were gravelly, differences in concentration of total C and nutrients between abandoned land and plantations were not the same as those for stocks after correction for gravel content and bulk density. Within a rotation, most soil properties did not change significantly with plantation age, although they appeared to decrease during the first 3 years total C then recovered to initial levels, but total N and exchangeable cations remained lower. Some soil properties were strongly related to gravel content and elevation, but not to growth rate. We conclude that consecutive plantings of short-rotation Acacia hybrid on degraded and abandoned land can lead to changes in some soil properties.
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