ORCID Profile
0000-0001-8837-7977
Current Organisations
Murdoch University
,
University of Central Lancashire
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Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 18-11-2020
DOI: 10.1186/S12998-020-00353-2
Abstract: In March 2020, the World Health Organization elevated the coronavirus disease (COVID-19) epidemic to a pandemic and called for urgent and aggressive action worldwide. Public health experts have communicated clear and emphatic strategies to prevent the spread of COVID-19. Hygiene rules and social distancing practices have been implemented by entire populations, including ‘stay-at-home’ orders in many countries. The long-term health and economic consequences of the COVID-19 pandemic are not yet known. During this time of crisis, some chiropractors made claims on social media that chiropractic treatment can prevent or impact COVID-19. The rationale for these claims is that spinal manipulation can impact the nervous system and thus improve immunity. These beliefs often stem from nineteenth-century chiropractic concepts. We are aware of no clinically relevant scientific evidence to support such statements. We explored the internet and social media to collect ex les of misinformation from Europe, North America, Australia and New Zealand regarding the impact of chiropractic treatment on immune function. We discuss the potential harm resulting from these claims and explore the role of chiropractors, teaching institutions, accrediting agencies, and legislative bodies. Members of the chiropractic profession share a collective responsibility to act in the best interests of patients and public health. We hope that all chiropractic stakeholders will view the COVID-19 pandemic as a call to action to eliminate the unethical and potentially dangerous claims made by chiropractors who practise outside the boundaries of scientific evidence.
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 12-2020
DOI: 10.1186/S12998-020-00351-4
Abstract: Professional associations (PAs) are perceived to promote their professions and support their members. Despite these advantages, about 1 in 3 Australian chiropractors choose not to belong to either of the two PAs. Our study had two objectives: 1) to explore the views of non-member chiropractors about PAs in general 2) seek to understand the motivations of non-member Australian chiropractors about not joining a PA. This qualitative descriptive study utilised in-depth semi-structured interviews with open-ended questions for thematic analysis and was conducted from January to April 2020. Nine participants were interviewed before no new themes were articulated. Participants had to be registered chiropractors who had not been members of a PA for at least three years. Recruitment was through a Facebook advertisement and snowball s ling. Interviews were transcribed and imported into NVivo qualitative analysis software, allowing identification of key concepts surrounding non-membership of chiropractic PAs. Five themes were identified. 1) A tarnished image, suggested the profession has a poor standing in the eyes of the public and other health professionals. 2) Not worth the money, expressed the annual membership dues were not viewed as good value for money. 3) Going it alone / what’s in it for me? indicated there was no direct benefit or anything deemed essential for practice. 4) Two warring factions, reflected not wanting to be seen to be part of the internal conflict between conservative and evidence-based practitioners. 5) Lack of visibility, described no visible presence or strong communication that clearly displayed the advantages of membership. Non-members are looking for PAs to enhance the respectability of the profession in a manner that ultimately results in increased patient volume and the provision of readily accessible day-to-day resources and information. These results can inform the construction of a survey for the broader chiropractic non-membership community to confirm and expand upon these findings and potentially improve PAs.
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 12-2014
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 21-02-2019
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 12-2019
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 03-2017
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 12-2023
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 19-09-2023
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 08-03-2021
DOI: 10.1186/S12998-021-00368-3
Abstract: An amendment to this paper has been published and can be accessed via the original article.
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 05-11-2015
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 12-2012
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 05-2005
DOI: 10.1016/J.JMPT.2005.03.009
Abstract: To discuss a case of unifocal Langerhans cell histiocytosis (eosinophilic granuloma) presenting as an aggressive osseous destructive process. A 6-year-old girl had thigh pain of insidious onset that would wake her at night. Orthopedic testing reproduced local pain, and imaging revealed an osteolytic process in the femoral diaphysis with laminated periosteal reaction. The patient was referred for further evaluation unifocal Langerhans cell histiocytosis was found at biopsy and spontaneous healing subsequently reported. Unifocal Langerhans cell histiocytosis may present with deceptive clinical and imaging findings, of which clinicians should be aware.
Publisher: Australian and New Zealand Society of the History of Medicine
Date: 2016
DOI: 10.5401/HEALTHHIST.18.1.0111
Abstract: Chiropractic first adopted the X-ray in 1910 for the purpose of demonstrating tiny misalignments of spinal bones, theorised to cause all disease, which they called chiropractic subluxations. This paper explores the apparent contradiction and resultant controversy of a system of natural healing adopting a medical technology. It centres on the actions of B.J. Palmer, the first chiropractor to use X-rays. It also clarifies details of Palmer's decision to incorporate the technology and interprets the change in the sociological context of boundary work. The continuing use of the subluxation paradigm for radiography by chiropractors has had a lingering effect on the profession, a metaphorical hangover of vitalism that is not consistent with modern healthcare practice. As a result of this conflict, arguments within the profession on the use of X-rays contribute to the continuing schism between evidence-based and subluxation-based chiropractors.
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 10-07-2021
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 03-2003
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 06-2003
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 10-2006
DOI: 10.1016/J.JMPT.2006.08.005
Abstract: The purpose of this study is to discuss the cases of 2 patients with previously undiagnosed primary spinal cord tumors presenting in a private chiropractic clinical setting. An overview of treatment and outcome for an ependymoma at T12-L1 and L1-L2 is discussed. One patient was a 46-year-old Hispanic woman with 3 to 4 years of intermittent backache that usually resolved with conservative care but failed to do so during an acute episode. Lower motor neuron signs, including bowel and bladder dysfunction, were revealed upon clinical assessment. The second patient, a 38-year-old white man under routine treatment, had no lower motor neuron signs or symptoms. Both patients were referred, one to a local hospital emergency department and the other directly to a neurosurgeon. Both underwent surgery. Upon returning home, the first patient received follow-up treatment primarily consisting of radiation therapy. Follow-up telephone interviews (3, 6, 12, 24, and 40 months) revealed the patient doing well. The second case did not require radiation therapy and was doing well at 4, 10, 12, and 18 months the patient returned for unrelated treatment 1 year after the surgery. These cases show that with a careful history and patient examination, enough clinical data may be gathered to make an accurate health care determination under various conditions. It also illustrates the importance of interprofessional cooperation for various disciplines of health care providers regardless of training or specialty.
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 28-10-2014
DOI: 10.1186/S12998-014-0036-5
Abstract: Chiropractic technique systems have been historically documented to advocate overutilization of radiography. Various rationales for this have been explored in the literature. However, little consideration has been given to the possibility that the healthcare belief system of prominent early chiropractors may have influenced the use of the diagnostic modality through the years. The original rationale was the visualisation of chiropractic subluxations, defined as bones slightly out of place, pressing on nerves, and ultimately causing disease. This paradigm of radiography has survived in parts of the chiropractic profession, despite lacking evidence of clinical validity. The purpose of this paper is to compare the characteristics of the chiropractic technique systems that have utilised radiography for subluxation detection with the characteristics of religion, and to discover potential historical links that may have facilitated the development of those characteristics. Twenty-three currently or previously existing technique systems requiring radiography for subluxation analysis were found using a search of the internet, books and consultation with experts. Evidence of religiosity from the early founders' writings was compared with textbooks, published papers, and websites of subsequently developed systems. Six criteria denoting religious thinking were developed using definitions from various sources. They are: supernatural concepts, claims of supremacy, rules and rituals, sacred artefacts, sacred stories, and special language. All of these were found to a greater or lesser degree in the publicly available documents of all the subluxation-based chiropractic x-ray systems. The founders and early pioneers of chiropractic did not benefit from the current understanding of science and research, and therefore substituted deductive and inductive reasoning to arrive at conclusions about health and disease in the human body. Some of this thinking and rationalisation demonstrably followed a religion-like pattern, including BJ Palmer's use of radiography. Although access to scientific methods and research education became much advanced and more accessible during the past few decades, the publicly available documents of technique systems that used radiography for chiropractic subluxation detection examined in this paper employed a historically derived paradigm for radiography that displayed characteristics in common with religion.
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 07-04-2020
DOI: 10.1186/S12998-020-00306-9
Abstract: Chiropractors use words and phrases in unique ways to express traditional, chiropractic-specific theories. This lexicon represents concepts that reinforce the separation of chiropractic from other health care professions. It may impact referrals both to and from chiropractors, lead to public confusion about health care issues, and reduce cross-disciplinary research. Therefore, it is important to understand how prevalent chiropractic-specific terms are in publicly available media. Five chiropractic terms were selected: subluxation, adjustment, vital (−ism/−istic), wellness, and Innate (Intelligence). States and territories in Australia were proportionately s led according to population of chiropractors using a Google search for chiropractors’ private practice websites. The top results were recorded. Websites were word-searched on every publicly available page for the five terms. Context was checked to count only terms that were used to support a chiropractic-specific concepts. The number of occurrences of each term was recorded, tallied nationally and by state/territory. Descriptive statistics were applied to determine prevalence. Three hundred sixty-nine websites were s led, based on an estimate of 5500 chiropractors practising in Australia. Nationally, 85% of chiropractors used one or more terms. The term adjust (−ing/−ment) occurred most frequently, being found on 283 websites (77%) with a total of 2249 occurrences. Wellness was found on 199 websites (54%) with 872 occurrences subluxation was found on 104 websites (28%), 489 occurrences vital (−ism/−istic) on 71 websites (19%) with 158 occurrences and Innate was least used, being found on 39 websites (11%) with 137 occurrences. A majority of the Australian chiropractors s led used one or more chiropractic-specific terms on their websites. Future research should explore the effects of chiropractic language on the public, policy-makers, and other health care professionals.
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 11-06-2020
DOI: 10.1186/S12998-020-00307-8
Abstract: Chiropractic emerged in 1895 and was promoted as a viable health care substitute in direct competition with the medical profession. This was an era when there was a belief that one cause and one cure for all disease would be discovered. The chiropractic version was a theory that most diseases were caused by subluxated (slightly displaced) vertebrae interfering with “nerve vibrations” (a supernatural, vital force) and could be cured by adjusting (repositioning) vertebrae, thereby removing the interference with the body’s inherent capacity to heal. DD Palmer, the originator of chiropractic, established chiropractic based on vitalistic principles. Anecdotally, the authors have observed that many chiropractors who overtly claim to be “vitalists” cannot define the term. Therefore, we sought the origins of vitalism and to examine its effects on chiropractic today. Vitalism arose out of human curiosity around the biggest questions: Where do we come from? What is life? For some, life was derived from an unknown and unknowable vital force. For others, a vital force was a placeholder, a piece of knowledge not yet grasped but attainable. Developments in science have demonstrated there is no longer a need to invoke vitalistic entities as either explanations or hypotheses for biological phenomena. Nevertheless, vitalism remains within chiropractic. In this examination of vitalism within chiropractic we explore the history of vitalism, vitalism within chiropractic and whether a vitalistic ideology is compatible with the legal and ethical requirements for registered health care professionals such as chiropractors. Vitalism has had many meanings throughout the centuries of recorded history. Though only vaguely defined by chiropractors, vitalism, as a representation of supernatural force and therefore an untestable hypothesis, sits at the heart of the isions within chiropractic and acts as an impediment to chiropractic legitimacy, cultural authority and integration into mainstream health care.
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 10-2002
Abstract: To discuss the case of a porcelain gallbladder found incidentally in a patient with low back and heel pain. A 70-year-old woman had low back pain, numbness in the left lower leg, and sharp pain in her left heel. Plain films of the lumbar spine necessitated diagnostic abdominal ultrasound, the findings of which were consistent with porcelain gallbladder. The patient has been recommended for prophylactic cholecystectomy and is concurrently being treated for mechanical low back and heel pain. Porcelain gallbladder is an uncommon finding however, due to the greatly increased chance of malignancy, it must be considered in patients who have cystic type calcification in the right upper abdominal quadrant.
Publisher: University of Toronto Press Inc. (UTPress)
Date: 09-2019
Abstract: Health care professions struggling for legitimacy, recognition, and market share can become disoriented to their priorities. Health care practitioners are expected to put the interests of patients first. Professional associations represent the interests of their members. So when a professional association is composed of health care practitioners, its interests may differ from those of patients, creating a conflict for members. In addition, sometimes practitioners’ perspectives may be altered by indoctrination in a belief system, or misinformation, so that a practitioner could be confused about the reality of patient needs. Politicians, in attempting to find an expedient compromise, can value a “win” in the legislative arena over the effects of that legislation. These forces all figure into the events that led to the acceptance of chiropractic into the American Medicare system. Two health care systems in a political fight lost sight of their main purpose: to provide care to patients without doing harm.
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 08-05-2017
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 08-05-2017
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 12-2021
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 03-2007
DOI: 10.1016/J.JMPT.2007.01.013
Abstract: The objective of this study was to mathematically propose the best position for frontally oriented lumbar spine radiographs. Decision analysis with a decision tree was used in this study. Factors used in the analysis were radiation dose, ease of implementation, image quality, cost, and patient comfort. Data on these factors were gathered by reviewing the literature. Radiation dose was found to be the only factor with significant differences between the posterior-to-anterior (PA) position and the anterior-to-posterior (AP) position, and PA films gave lower doses to sensitive organs as compared with AP films. There is also some evidence that PA films show better overall image quality as compared with AP films. Based on the information used in this study, lumbar spine plain film radiographs should be obtained in the PA position.
Location: United States of America
Location: United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland
No related grants have been discovered for Kenneth Young.