ORCID Profile
0000-0001-7999-1692
Current Organisation
University of Tasmania
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Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 22-08-2017
DOI: 10.1007/S00572-016-0725-0
Abstract: Fungal ersity of Australian eucalypt forests remains underexplored. We investigated the ectomycorrhizal (EcM) fungal community characteristics of declining temperate eucalypt forests in Tasmania. Within this context, we explored the ersity of EcM fungi of two forest types in the northern highlands in the east and west of the island. We hypothesised that EcM fungal community richness and composition would differ between forest type but that the Cortinariaceae would be the dominant family irrespective of forest type. We proposed that EcM richness would be greater in the wet sclerophyll forest than the dry sclerophyll forest type. Using both sporocarps and EcM fungi from root tips lified by PCR and sequenced in the rDNA ITS region, 175 EcM operational taxonomic units were identified of which 97 belonged to the Cortinariaceae. The Cortinariaceae were the most erse family, in both the above and below ground communities. Three distinct fungal assemblages occurred within the wet and dry sclerophyll forest types and two geographic regions that were studied, although this pattern did not remain when only the root tip data were analysed. EcM sporocarp richness was unusually higher than root tip richness and EcM richness did not significantly differ among forest types. The results are discussed in relation to the importance of the Cortinariaceae and the drivers of EcM fungal community composition within these forests.
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 05-2013
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 12-2015
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 10-2004
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 11-2016
Publisher: International Society for Horticultural Science (ISHS)
Date: 11-2018
Publisher: International Society for Horticultural Science (ISHS)
Date: 05-2017
Publisher: American Society for Enology and Viticulture
Date: 06-08-2015
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 10-2000
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 10-2016
Publisher: International Society for Horticultural Science (ISHS)
Date: 05-2017
Publisher: International Society for Horticultural Science (ISHS)
Date: 12-2016
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 05-01-2018
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 04-2012
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 10-2002
Publisher: VITIS - Journal of Grapevine Research
Date: 2018
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 21-07-2009
Publisher: CSIRO Publishing
Date: 2016
DOI: 10.1071/SR15326
Abstract: Nitrous oxide (N2O) emissions contribute 6% of the global warming effect and are derived from the activity of soil-based microorganisms involved in nitrification and denitrification processes. There is a paucity of greenhouse gas emissions data for Australia’s horticulture industry. In this study we investigated N2O flux from two deciduous fruit tree crops, apples and cherries, in two predominant growing regions in eastern Australia, the Huon Valley in southern Tasmania (Lucaston – apples and Lower Longley – cherries), and high altitude northern New South Wales (Orange – apples and Young – cherries). Estimated from manual chamber measurements over a 12-month period, average daily emissions were very low ranging from 0.78gN2O-Nha–1day–1 in the apple orchard at Lucaston to 1.86gN2O-Nha–1day–1 in the cherry orchard in Lower Longley. Daily emissions were up to 50% higher in summer (maximum 5.27gN2O-Nha–1day–1 at Lower Longley) than winter (maximum 2.47gN2O-Nha–1day–1 at Young) across the four trial orchards. N2O emissions were ~40% greater in the inter-row than the tree line for each orchard. Daily flux rates were used as a loss estimate for annual emissions, which ranged from 298gN2O-Nha–1year–1 at Lucaston to 736gN2O-Nha–1year–1 at Lower Longley. Emissions were poorly correlated with soil temperature, volumetric water content, water filled porosity, gravimetric water content and matric potential – with inconsistent patterns between sites, within the tree line and inter-row and between seasons. Stepwise linear regression models for the Lucaston site accounted for less than 10% of the variance in N2O emissions, for which soil temperature was the strongest predictor. N2O emissions in deciduous tree crops were among the lowest recorded for Australian agriculture, most likely due to low rates of N fertiliser, cool temperate growing conditions and highly efficient drip irrigation systems. We recommend that optimising nutrient use efficiency with improved drainage and a reduction in soil compaction in the inter-row will facilitate further mitigation of N2O emissions.
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 02-2020
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 02-2004
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 04-2003
Publisher: International Society for Horticultural Science (ISHS)
Date: 11-2019
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 24-04-2014
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 04-04-2012
Publisher: Burleigh Dodds Science Publishing
Date: 16-06-2017
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 08-2013
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 02-2005
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 11-2003
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Date: 16-03-2016
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 07-2011
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 21-02-2020
DOI: 10.1002/JSFA.10253
Abstract: Near-infrared reflectance spectroscopy (NIRS) technology can be a powerful analytical technique for the assessment of plant starch, but generally s les need to be freeze-dried and ground. This study investigated the feasibility of using NIRS technology to quantify starch concentration in ground and intact grapevine cane wood s les (with or without the bark layer). A partial least squares regression was used on the s le spectral data and was compared against starch analysis using a conventional wet chemistry method. Accurate calibration models were obtained for the ground cane wood s les (n = 220), one based on 17 factors (R As indicated by low RMSECV values, NIRS technology has the potential to monitor grapevine starch reserves in intact cane wood s les. © 2020 Society of Chemical Industry.
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 10-2007
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 04-2046
DOI: 10.1890/02-0531
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 23-06-2011
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 07-2020
Publisher: International Society for Horticultural Science (ISHS)
Date: 11-2017
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 07-03-2003
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 2003
DOI: 10.1007/S00442-002-1097-Z
Abstract: Eucalyptus nitens is a species that is adapted to low temperature. This study examines xanthophyll-cycle engagement in E. nitens seedlings exposed to cold-induced photoinhibitory conditions under different levels of irradiance and nutrient status. Xanthophyll-cycle pool size indicated an increased requirement for light energy dissipation under high irradiance and low nutrient status. Greater sensitivity to photoinhibition of non-shaded seedlings indicated that sustained xanthophyll-cycle engagement may occur in response to damaged chlorophyll. Within irradiance treatments, fertilised seedlings had higher photochemical efficiency and faster recovery from photoinhibition than unfertilised seedlings. These results demonstrate that fertilised compared to unfertilised seedlings can utilise a greater proportion of incident light under cold temperature conditions
Publisher: American Chemical Society (ACS)
Date: 03-10-2013
DOI: 10.1021/JF4018806
Abstract: Extraction and stabilization of wine phenolics can be challenging for wine makers. This study examined how yeast choice affected phenolic outcomes in Pinot noir wine. Five yeast treatments were applied in replicated microvinification, and wines were analyzed by UV-visible spectrophotometry. At bottling, yeast treatment Saccharomyces cerevisiae RC212 wine had significantly higher concentrations of total pigment, free anthocyanin, nonbleachable pigment, and total tannin and showed high color density. Some phenolic effects were retained at 6 months' bottle age, and RC212 and S. cerevisae EC1118 wines showed increased mean nonbleachable pigment concentrations. Wine tannin composition analysis showed three treatments were associated with a higher percentage of trihydroxylated subunits (skin tannin indicator). A high degree of tannin polymerization was observed in wines made with RC212 and Torulaspora delbruekii , whereas tannin size by gel permeation chromatography was higher only in the RC212 wines. The results emphasize the importance of yeast strain choice for optimizing Pinot noir wine phenolics.
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 08-2004
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 2005
DOI: 10.1016/J.JPLPH.2003.10.001
Abstract: The effects of rapid induction and subsequent relaxation of cold-induced photo-inhibition on pigment chemistry of Eucalyptus nitens (Deane and Maiden) Maiden seedling leaves was assessed. The seedlings were subjected to four treatments in a nursery, fertilised or non-fertilised and shaded or non-shaded, before induction of photoinhibition in a growth chamber. Within 2 days, growth chamber conditions decreased photochemical efficiency (Fv/Fm) and increased xanthophyll-cycle conversion ratio. This was associated with decreased levels of total chlorophyll and increased levels of xanthophyll-cycle pigments. After 8 days, Fv/Fm of all treatments rose. Anthocyanin Levels gradually increased until day eight, except in non-shaded, non-fertilised seedlings, which had high levels before the induction of photoinhibition. Visible spectroscopy indicated increased absorption between 500 and 590nm, indicative of anthocyanin absorption. Electron transport rate after xanthophyll-cycle relaxation was half that measured before induction of photoinhibition. The findings indicate that anthocyanins may provide a photoprotective role in E. nitens seedlings under conditions of photoinhibition.
Publisher: International Society for Horticultural Science (ISHS)
Date: 06-2018
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 12-2006
Publisher: Burleigh Dodds Science Publishing
Date: 16-06-2017
Publisher: American Society for Enology and Viticulture
Date: 03-11-2016
Publisher: International Society for Horticultural Science (ISHS)
Date: 06-2012
Publisher: International Society for Horticultural Science (ISHS)
Date: 11-2018
Publisher: CSIRO Publishing
Date: 2004
DOI: 10.1071/FP03209
Abstract: Long-term acclimation of photo- and pigment-chemistry was investigated in a naturally-regenerating stand of Acacia melanoxylon R.Br. ex Ait. A pronounced decrease in photochemical efficiency of A. melanoxylon saplings was observed between autumn and winter in both thinned and unthinned treatments, but the decrease was more severe in the thinned treatment. Associated pigment changes in the unthinned treatment included a decrease in total chlorophyll content and a rise in chlorophyll a : b. Similar acclimation occurred in the thinned treatment with additional increase in zeaxanthin per unit chlorophyll observed. Saplings in the thinned treatment were exposed to lower minimum temperatures, more hours of frost and higher light intensities in the mid- to lower-crown. Growth chamber studies of the short-term acclimation of photo- and pigment-chemistry were conducted in a low / high light and cold / warm temperature factorial experiment. Photochemical efficiency and quantum yield adjusted within one day and then remained constant for 10 d in response to the imposed treatments. Chlorophyll concentration had decreased in all treatments by day 2 in the growth chambers, and subsequently increased in warm, but not in cold, treatments, irrespective of light level by day 10 in the growth chambers. The concentration of lutein-5,6-epoxide decreased in response to the cold-high light treatment and increased in response to other treatments by day 10 in the growth chambers, consistent with a function in sustained photoprotection in leaves of shade-adapted species. Our experiments indicated that A. melanoxylon is susceptible to cold-induced photoinhibition under cool temperatures (2–8°C) and moderate light intensities (450 μmol m–2 s–1).
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 21-02-2010
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 18-04-2006
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 08-12-2014
Publisher: American Society for Enology and Viticulture
Date: 29-04-2020
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 07-03-2003
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 21-07-2010
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 10-2020
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 10-2004
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 06-2002
Publisher: Edith Cowan University
Date: 07-2019
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 08-10-2008
Publisher: International Society for Horticultural Science (ISHS)
Date: 10-2017
Publisher: CSIRO Publishing
Date: 2006
DOI: 10.1071/BT05205
Abstract: We evaluated the utility of a focussed, short-duration research program for investigation of two rare species that occur within an urban bushland remnant, with application for improving conservation management and translocation outcomes. Conospermum undulatum Lindl. is listed as Threatened and Macarthuria keigheryi Lepschi is listed as Vulnerable under the (Australian) Federal Environment Protection and Bio ersity Conservation Act 1999. The C. undulatum population lacked evidence of juvenile plants, indicating either lack of a suitable germination cue or failure of seedling establishment. The M. keigheryi population was browsed heavily by feral rabbits where exposed and thrived when sheltered within unpalatable vegetation from rabbits. Seeds of M. keigheryi were rapidly removed in an ant cafeteria-style experiment, although seeds of the related Macarthuria australis and an ‘outgroup’ species, Gompholobium tomentosum, were removed at equally high rates. Seed viability was high in M. keigheryi, but variable in C. undulatum. Germination rates, in untreated fresh seed, were 11% for C. undulatum and 0% for M. keigheryi and increased to 27 and 3%, respectively, when treated with gibberellic acid. Maximum strike rates for cuttings of 33 and ~75% were obtained for C. undulatum and M. keigheryi, respectively. Cutting-grown plants of M. keigheryi flowered and seeded profusely in the nursery within 7 months, providing a highly effective seed-orchard resource for research and conservation seed banking. Genetic fingerprinting (AFLP) indicated that the C. undulatum population at Perth Airport was not genetically distinct from nearby C. undulatum populations, despite its relatively high variability in leaf morphology. All C. undulatum populations contained moderate to high levels of genetic variation, with the percentage of AFLP markers polymorphic ranging from 48.6 to 64.9%, and heterozygosity from 0.167 to 0.202. Overall, the knowledge gained from this program of short duration will enable informed management and will underpin successful population enhancement through future translocations.
Publisher: CSIRO Publishing
Date: 2004
DOI: 10.1071/BT03027
Abstract: Growth of plantation eucalypts responds strongly to applied nitrogen (N). Above-ground biomass accumulation, gas exchange and foliar N per unit leaf area (Narea) along vertical and lateral gradients within a canopy were assessed in Eucalyptus nitens (Deane & Maiden) Maiden cuttings in a glasshouse experiment (E.�nitensglasshouse cuttings) and E. globulus Labill. saplings in a field trial (E. globulusfield saplings) under varying levels of applied N. A large range of maximum net photosynthesis (Amax) and Narea was observed among different leaf-age classes (apical, expanding, mature and old) within vertical and lateral gradients in both E. nitensglasshouse cuttings and E. globulusfield saplings. In both experiments, Narea was generally positively correlated with levels of applied N but Amax was not.There was generally no relationship between Amax and Narea in either E. nitensglasshouse cuttings or E. globulusfield saplings, except in expanding and mature leaves within the vertical gradient of E. nitensglasshouse cuttings. These results contribute to the emerging consensus among workers that within species, poor correlation between Amax and Narea is often observed. Biomass data indicate that increased N application significantly increased growth in both experiments. Overall, the results of these experiments provide information that will further resolve the predictive strength of process-based models that describe growth of E. nitens and E. globulus in plantations.
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 12-2015
Publisher: International Society for Horticultural Science (ISHS)
Date: 12-2016
Publisher: International Society for Horticultural Science (ISHS)
Date: 06-2016
Publisher: Oxford University Press (OUP)
Date: 03-2003
DOI: 10.1093/TREEPHYS/23.4.217
Abstract: Effects of chilling-dependent photoinhibition on gas exchange, chlorophyll fluorescence, growth and nutrition of Eucalyptus nitens (Deane and Maiden) Maiden seedlings were assessed for 70 weeks after transplanting 9-month-old seedlings in early winter. One month before transplanting, the seedlings were assigned to fertilized or nutrient-deprived treatments. Immediately after transplanting, half the seedlings in each nutrient treatment were placed in shadecloth tree shelters. The experimental site was at an altitude of 700 m, which is considered marginal for the establishment of E. nitens plantations in Tasmania because of low mean annual minimum temperatures. Overnight frosts followed by sunny morning conditions in the first 20 weeks after transplanting (early June to early October) caused severe photoinhibition. Predawn maximal photochemical efficiency (Fv/Fm) and maximum net photosynthesis (Amax) were depressed in nutrient-deprived seedlings compared with fertilized seedlings, although shading partially alleviated this difference. Neither Fv/Fm nor Amax recovered to values observed before transplanting until > 20 weeks after transplanting. During this period, non-photochemical quenching (NPQ) was high in seedlings in all treatments, although NPQ was lower in shaded, fertilized seedlings than in seedlings in the other treatments. Total foliar nitrogen (N) concentration increased up to 42 weeks after transplanting in the nutrient-deprived seedlings in parallel with increasing relative growth rate (RGR). Fractionation of N- and phosphorus (P)-containing compounds indicated that differences in protein N accounted for the treatment differences in total seedling N. Nucleic acid P increased and inorganic P decreased during growth periods, although total seedling P remained constant. Among treated seedlings, height growth was greatest in shaded seedlings: this was probably a result of apical dominance effects because RGR was higher in unshaded seedlings than in shaded seedlings. Thus, the shade treatment alleviated chilling-dependent photoinhibition and maximized growth during winter, but limited growth during warmer periods and therefore overall growth.
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 15-12-2011
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 2009
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 2021
Publisher: International Society for Horticultural Science (ISHS)
Date: 10-2016
Publisher: CSIRO Publishing
Date: 2001
DOI: 10.1071/PP00112
Abstract: Leaves of Eucalyptus nitens (Deane & Maiden) Maidenwere s led during establishment of seedlings that were deprived of nutrientsor fertilised at planting. Extracts were analysed for polyphenolic compoundsusing high pressure liquid chromatography (HPLC) in conjunction with UV diodearray and electrospray ionisation mass spectrometry (ESI-MS) with negative iondetection as well as direct MS injection. The presence of quercetin, rutin,sideroxylonal A and B andpenta-galloylglucose were confirmed by comparison with standards. Othergalloylglucoses were identified by first principles. Galloylglucoses comprisedabout 75% of polyphenolics. Quercetin and various quercetin glycosidescomprised ca 85% of flavonols. The anthocyanins,cyanidin-3-glycoside and cyanidin-3,5-diglycoside were identified from directinjection MS data. HPLC–ESI-MS was found to be a superior analyticaltechnique compared to conventional HPLC–UV diode array detection due toco-elution of peaks under UV. Temporal variation of anthocyanins may berelated to the severity of cold-induced photoinhibition. Changes ingalloylglucoses and flavonols were similar with time and related to levels offoliar nitrogen. The suitability of HPLC–ESI-MS for the study of foliarpolyphenolics, the phenolic constitution of E. nitensfoliage, and temporal variation of the phenolic constituents during a seedlingestablishment period of 29 weeks are demonstrated.
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 25-07-2015
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 02-2010
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 2005
DOI: 10.1016/J.PHYTOCHEM.2004.11.004
Abstract: We investigated the effects of whole-plant nutrient-availability on the degree of distribution of some plant primary and secondary (nitrogen, fibre, flavonols, gallotannins and cineole) chemicals across young, mature and old leaves of seedlings of Eucalyptus nitens. Four treatments that ranged from low to high nutrient-application rates resulted in mean whole-plant foliar concentrations of 0.63%, 0.85%, 1.11% and 1.82% nitrogen dry matter (N%DM) for treatments A, B, C and D, respectively. Within-plant distribution (across the leaf age profile of young, mature and old leaves within a eucalypt seedling) of N%DM ranged from zero in treatment A to a wide range of distribution in treatment D (low N%DM concentrations in old leaves to high N%DM concentrations in young leaves). Similarly, the distribution of fibre ranged from zero in treatment A to a wide range of distribution in treatment D, but with high concentrations in old leaves and low concentrations in young leaves. In contrast, flavonols (weakly) and gallotannins had a wide range of distribution in treatment A (low concentrations in old leaves to high concentrations in young leaves) but were little or not distributed in the other treatments. Again in contrast, cineole was strongly distributed between old and young leaves (low concentrations in old leaves to high concentrations in young leaves) across all treatments while concentrations in mature leaves reflected one or other leaf age depending on treatment. Protein precipitable phenols in treatments A, B and C were high in young, and low in old leaves whereas in treatment D they were low and similar between leaves of different ages.
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 05-2004
Publisher: Oxford University Press (OUP)
Date: 26-03-2015
DOI: 10.1111/JAM.12785
Abstract: This study examined the effects of yeast strains in a novel winemaking process that had been designed to optimize phenolic extraction and improve production efficiency for Pinot noir winemaking. Microwave maceration with early pressing and co-inoculation of yeast and malolactic bacteria for simultaneous alcoholic and malolactic fermentation was investigated. Yeast treatments (Saccharomyces cerevisiae RC212 and EC1118, and Saccharomyces bayanus AWRI1176) were co-inoculated with Oenococcus oeni PN4 immediately after must microwave maceration. Alcoholic and malolactic fermentation were complete 17 days postinoculation for all three yeast treatments. At 16-month bottle age, the AWRI1176-treated wines had approximately twice the nonbleachable pigment and colour density of wines fermented by EC1118 and RC212. The novel winemaking process produced Pinot noir wine that was stable 37 days after fruit had been harvested and yeast strain choice significantly impacted the stability and phenolic character of wine. Successful simultaneous alcoholic and malolactic fermentation in 17 days, and a demonstrated lack of inhibition between the yeast strains and malolactic strain applied in this study, provide proof of concept for very rapid red winemaking using the novel winemaking approach described herein. Further investigation would be required to assess strain effects on wine aroma, mouth feel and taste, however, this novel winemaking approach may offer significant industry efficiencies.
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 03-2003
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 10-10-2006
DOI: 10.1007/S00442-006-0525-X
Abstract: This study assessed how the palatability of leaves of different age classes (young, intermediate and older) of Eucalyptus nitens seedlings varied with plant nutrient status, based on captive feeding trials with two mammalian herbivores, red-bellied pademelons (Thylogale billardierii), and common brushtail possums (Trichosurus vulpecula). Seedlings were grown under three nutrient treatments (low, medium and high), and we determined how palatability was related to chemical and physical characteristics of the leaves. Pademelons ate more older leaves than young and intermediate leaves for all treatments. This pattern was best explained by sideroxylonals (formylated phloroglucinol compounds known to deter herbivory by other marsupials), and/or essential oil compounds that were present in lower concentrations in older leaves. In the low-nutrient treatment, possums also ate more of the older leaves. However, in the medium- and high-nutrient treatments, possums ate more intermediate leaves than older leaves and showed a behavioural preference for young leaves (consuming younger leaves first) over intermediate and older leaves, in spite of high levels of sideroxylonals and essential oils. The young leaves did, however, have the highest nitrogen concentration of all the leaf age classes. Thus, either sideroxylonals and essential oils provided little or no deterrent to possums, or the deterrent was outweighed by other factors such as high nitrogen. This study indicates that mammalian herbivores show different levels of relative use and damage to leaf age classes at varying levels of plant nutrient status and, therefore, their impact on plant fitness may vary with environment.
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 30-06-2005
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 04-2020
Publisher: CSIRO Publishing
Date: 2002
DOI: 10.1071/BT01038
Abstract: The effects of shadecloth tree shelters on cold-induced photoinhibition, foliar anthocyanin and growth of Eucalyptus globulus Labill. and Eucalyptus nitens (Deane & Maiden) Maiden seedlings were assessed between planting (in early spring) and the age of 23 weeks. The experimental site was at 350 m above sea level (asl), which is considered marginal for establishment of E. globulus (but not E. nitens) plantations in Tasmania because of low mean minimum temperatures. Conditions within 3 weeks of planting induced severe photoinhibition in non-shaded seedlings. This was associated with increased anthocyanin and photodamage in non-shaded E. nitens and E. globulus. As a result, there was 20& ercnt mortality in non-shaded E. globulus. In contrast, shaded seedlings of both species had levels of photoinhibition and anthocyanin that were largely similar to those before planting and there was no photodamage. Levels of anthocyanin indicated that its synthesis responded to the severity of photoinhibition. Height growth and levels of mortality indicated that cold-induced photoinhibition, and not frost tolerance alone, determines the range of environments where E. globulus can be successfully planted. In contrast, the tolerance of E. nitens seedlings to cold-induced photoinhibition may be a factor in the demonstrated success of this species as a high-altitude plantation species.
Publisher: American Society for Enology and Viticulture
Date: 18-08-2014
Publisher: Institute of Experimental Botany
Date: 03-2007
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 10-2002
Publisher: International Society for Horticultural Science (ISHS)
Date: 07-2016
Publisher: American Society for Enology and Viticulture
Date: 05-01-2016
Publisher: CSIRO Publishing
Date: 2001
DOI: 10.1071/PP01039
Abstract: The effects of cold-induced photoinhibition on chlorophyll and carotenoid dynamics and xanthophyll cycling in Eucalyptus nitens (Deane and Maiden) Maiden were assessed between planting and 32 weeks after planting. The seedlings were fertilised or nutrient-deprived (non-fertilised) before planting and shaded or not shaded after planting. The experimental site was 700 m a.s.l., which is considered marginal for establishment of E. nitens plantations in Tasmania due to low mean annual minimum temperatures. Low temperature–high light conditions caused a reduction in variable to maximal chlorophyll fluorescence ratio (F v /F m ), which was more pronounced in non-fertilised than in fertilised seedlings. Shadecloth shelters alleviated this depression. Except in shaded fertilised seedlings, F v /F m did not recover to the level before planting until after 20 weeks. Total chlorophyll content was initially reduced in shaded treatments but subsequently increased with increasing temperatures and F v /F m. Total xanthophyll content and xanthophylls per unit chlorophyll remained relatively constant in fertilised seedlings but decreased in non-fertilised seedlings within 2 weeks after planting. Total xanthophyll and xanthophylls per unit chlorophyll subsequently recovered in non-shaded, non-fertilised seedlings with increasing temperatures and F v /F m. Diurnal [yield and non-photochemical quenching (NPQ) and seasonal (F v /F m) variation in chlorophyll fluorescence parameters were not reflected in xanthophyll cycling during the period of most severe photoinhibition. This result may indicate that chlorophyll–xanthophylls protein complexes form in winter-acclimated E. nitens foliage as have been demonstrated to occur in Eucalyptus pauciflora Sieb. ex Spreng. (Gilmore and Ball 2000, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences USA 97, 11098–11101).
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 09-2008
Publisher: Oxford University Press (OUP)
Date: 06-2006
DOI: 10.1093/TREEPHYS/26.6.743
Abstract: We examined the adjustment of leaf angle (L theta) and foliar chlorophyll and xanthophyll chemistry in Eucalyptus nitens (Deane and Maiden) Maiden seedlings maintained in various nitrogen (N)-supply treatments over a 6-month period. Adjustment of L theta toward the vertical was greatest under conditions of foliar N deficiency and became incrementally more horizontal with increasing foliar N concentration. Photochemical efficiency (Fv/Fm) and quantum yield were lower in seedlings with low foliar N (low-N seedlings) in winter, but not in autumn. Low-N seedlings generally had low area-based chlorophyll concentrations and high xanthophyll-cycle conversion ratios, particularly during months of low temperature. Under mild temperature conditions, high concentrations of zeaxanthin and antheraxanthin were associated with lower electron transport rates (ETR). Incident light, Fv/Fm, ETR and total chlorophyll concentration were negatively correlated with L theta, with horizontal leaf orientation measured as 0 degrees and vertical leaf orientation as 90 degrees . Xanthophyll conversion ratio was positively correlated with L theta. Adjustments in L theta may play a role in photoprotection of E. nitens seedlings by assisting the leaf to balance its utilization and dissipation of energy.
Publisher: CSIRO Publishing
Date: 2003
DOI: 10.1071/FP03145
Abstract: Alpine environments are characterised by low temperatures and high light intensities. This combination leads to high light stress owing to the imbalance between light energy harvesting and its use in photochemistry. In extreme cases, high light stress can lead to the level of photo-oxidative damage exceeding the rate of repair to the photosynthetic apparatus. Plant species may vary in the mechanisms they use to prevent photodamage, but most comparisons are of geographically and ecologically distinct species. Differences in leaf colouration suggested that photoprotective strategies might differ among Tasmanian evergreen alpine shrub species. We compared chlorophyll fluorescence and leaf pigment composition in six co-occurring alpine shrub species on the summit of Mt Wellington, southern Tasmania, Australia, during spring and autumn. We found marked differences among species in light energy utilisation, attenuation and dissipation. Ozothamnus ledifolius maintained a large capacity for photosynthetic light utilisation and thus, had a low requirement for light dissipation. All five of the other species relied on xanthophyll-cycle-dependent thermal energy dissipation. In addition Epacris serpyllifolia, Richea sprengelioides and Leptospermum rupestre had foliar anthocyanins that would attenuate photosynthetically active light in the leaf. During spring, all species retained de-epoxidised xanthophylls through the night and the pre-dawn concentration of antheraxanthin and zeaxanthin was significantly correlated with reductions in pre-dawn Fv / Fm. We propose that these species use three photoprotective strategies to cope with the combination of high light and low temperature.
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 28-06-2010
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 28-09-2011
Publisher: International Society for Horticultural Science (ISHS)
Date: 03-2016
Publisher: American Society for Enology and Viticulture
Date: 19-06-2014
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 2003
Abstract: The dynamics of phenolic galloylglucoses (di-, tri-, tetra- and penta-galloylglucose), flavonoids (quercitin and quercitin glycosides) and sideroxylonal were compared with that of xanthophyll cycle-dependent energy dissipation during rapid induction of chilling-dependent photo-inhibition. Pre-dawn xanthophyll cycle engagement of seedlings of Eucalyptus nitens transferred from mild nursery conditions to a low temperature controlled environment increased logarithmically during eight days of treatment. Photochemical efficiency and flavonoids decreased after four days of treatment and non-photochemical quenching after two days of treatment. Galloylglucoses and sideroxylonal decreased linearly during treatment. These results demonstrate that rapid changes in foliar phenolic levels are associated with abrupt changes in the plant environment. It is argued that under these growth-chamber conditions, the xanthophyll cycle facilitated dissipation of excess light energy, lessening the requirement for the dissipation of energy or antioxidant activity through phenolic metabolites.
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 2003
Abstract: The dynamics of phenolic galloylglucoses (di-, tri-, tetra- and penta-galloylglucose), flavonoids (quercitin and quercitin glycosides) and sideroxylonal were compared with that of xanthophyll cycle-dependent energy dissipation during rapid induction of chilling-dependent photo-inhibition. Pre-dawn xanthophyll cycle engagement of seedlings of Eucalyptus nitens transferred from mild nursery conditions to a low temperature controlled environment increased logarithmically during eight days of treatment. Photochemical efficiency and flavonoids decreased after four days of treatment and non-photochemical quenching after two days of treatment. Galloylglucoses and sideroxylonal decreased linearly during treatment. These results demonstrate that rapid changes in foliar phenolic levels are associated with abrupt changes in the plant environment. It is argued that under these growth-chamber conditions, the xanthophyll cycle facilitated dissipation of excess light energy, lessening the requirement for the dissipation of energy or antioxidant activity through phenolic metabolites.
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 08-2004
Publisher: CSIRO Publishing
Date: 2007
DOI: 10.1071/BT06037
Abstract: On Mount Wellington, Tasmania, Australia, there is an altitudinal cline in the juvenile leaf form of Eucalyptus urnigera from a green phenotype at lower altitudes (from 610 m) to a glaucous phenotype at higher altitudes (up to 1050 m). The objectives of this study were to (1) quantify reflectance of ultraviolet (UV) and photosynthetically active radiation (PAR) for the adaxial and abaxial surfaces of leaves of the glaucous and green phenotypes and (2) to investigate seasonal adjustment in photochemical efficiency (Fv/Fm) and tannin and flavonol compounds that absorb in UV spectrum. The following two research sites were identified: one at low altitude (at 910 m, solely green phenotype) and one at high altitude (1004 m, solely glaucous phenotype) on the E. urnigera cline. During the experimental period, average summer temperatures were similar at the two sites but in winter, average temperatures were 5–6°C lower and minimum temperatures 0.4–0.7°C lower at the high-altitude site occupied by the glaucous phenotype. Incident PAR was similar at the two sites. Reflectance was higher for glaucous leaves than for green leaves across the light spectrum of UVC (190–280 nm), UVB (280–320 nm), UVA (320–400 nm) and PAR (400–700 nm). Reflectance was significantly higher from the abaxial than from the adaxial surface of leaves. Fv/Fm was similar for glaucous and green leaves in summer but significantly lower in green than glaucous leaves in winter. Fv/Fm was significantly lower in winter than in summer for both leaf types. Tannins were significantly higher in green than glaucous leaves but there was no effect of season. Flavonol concentrations were similar for leaves of both types and did not vary with season. We conclude that high reflectance of UV radiation and PAR may confer benefit at the cooler, high-altitude portion of the cline of E. urnigera and that low reflectance of PAR may confer benefit at the relatively warm and densely vegetated, low-altitude portion of the cline of E. urnigera where inter- and intra-specific competition for light is likely to be intense.
Start Date: 2016
End Date: 2020
Funder: Department of Agriculture
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Funder: Woolworths
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Funder: Australian Research Council
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Funder: Department of Primary Industries, Parks, Water & Environment
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End Date: 2014
Funder: Department of Agriculture
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Funder: Horticulture Innovation Australia
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Funder: Department of Industry and Science
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Funder: Horticulture Innovation Australia
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Funder: Australian Grape and Wine Authority
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End Date: 2021
Funder: Horticulture Innovation Australia
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End Date: 2019
Funder: Australian Grape and Wine Authority
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Funder: Horticulture Innovation Australia
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Funder: BROWN BROTHERS MILAWA VINEYARD PTY. LIMITED
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Funder: Department of Agriculture
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Funder: Horticulture Innovation Australia
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Funder: Horticulture Innovation Australia
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Funder: Horticulture Innovation Australia
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Funder: Department of Primary Industries, Parks, Water & Environment
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Funder: Greening Australia (Tasmania)
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Funder: Australian Research Council
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Funder: Floriana
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Funder: Gunns Limited
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Funder: Australian Research Council
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