ORCID Profile
0000-0001-5007-7223
Current Organisation
Deakin University
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Publisher: JMIR Publications Inc.
Date: 02-11-2022
DOI: 10.2196/36773
Abstract: The management of heart failure is complex. Innovative solutions are required to support health care providers and people with heart failure with decision-making and self-care behaviors. In recent years, more sophisticated technologies have enabled new health care models, such as smart health ecosystems. Smart health ecosystems use data collection, intelligent data processing, and communication to support the diagnosis, management, and primary and secondary prevention of chronic conditions. Currently, there is little information on the characteristics of smart health ecosystems for people with heart failure. We aimed to identify and describe the characteristics of smart health ecosystems that support heart failure self-care. We conducted a scoping review using the Joanna Briggs Institute methodology. The MEDLINE, Embase, CINAHL, PsycINFO, IEEE Xplore, and ACM Digital Library databases were searched from January 2008 to September 2021. The search strategy focused on identifying articles describing smart health ecosystems that support heart failure self-care. A total of 2 reviewers screened the articles and extracted relevant data from the included full texts. After removing duplicates, 1543 articles were screened, and 34 articles representing 13 interventions were included in this review. To support self-care, the interventions used sensors and questionnaires to collect data and used tailoring methods to provide personalized support. The interventions used a total of 34 behavior change techniques, which were facilitated by a combination of 8 features for people with heart failure: automated feedback, monitoring (integrated and manual input), presentation of data, education, reminders, communication with a health care provider, and psychological support. Furthermore, features to support health care providers included data presentation, alarms, alerts, communication tools, remote care plan modification, and health record integration. This scoping review identified that there are few reports of smart health ecosystems that support heart failure self-care, and those that have been reported do not provide comprehensive support across all domains of self-care. This review describes the technical and behavioral components of the identified interventions, providing information that can be used as a starting point for designing and testing future smart health ecosystems.
Publisher: JMIR Publications Inc.
Date: 07-12-2020
Abstract: raditional psychological theories are inadequate to fully leverage the potential of smartphones and improve the effectiveness of physical activity (PA) and sedentary behavior (SB) change interventions. Future interventions need to consider dynamic models taken from other disciplines, such as engineering (eg, control systems). The extent to which such dynamic models have been incorporated in the development of interventions for PA and SB remains unclear. his review aims to quantify the number of studies that have used dynamic models to develop smartphone-based interventions to promote PA and reduce SB, describe their features, and evaluate their effectiveness where possible. atabases including PubMed, PsycINFO, IEEE Xplore, Cochrane, and Scopus were searched from inception to May 15, 2019, using terms related to mobile health, dynamic models, SB, and PA. The included studies involved the following: PA or SB interventions involving human adults either developed or evaluated integrated psychological theory with dynamic theories used smartphones for the intervention delivery the interventions were adaptive or just-in-time adaptive included randomized controlled trials (RCTs), pilot RCTs, quasi-experimental, and pre-post study designs and were published from 2000 onward. Outcomes included general characteristics, dynamic models, theory or construct integration, and measured SB and PA behaviors. Data were synthesized narratively. There was limited scope for meta-analysis because of the variability in the study results. total of 1087 publications were screened, with 11 publications describing 8 studies included in the review. All studies targeted PA 4 also included SB. Social cognitive theory was the major psychological theory upon which the studies were based. Behavioral intervention technology, control systems, computational agent model, exploit-explore strategy, behavioral analytic algorithm, and dynamic decision network were the dynamic models used in the included studies. The effectiveness of quasi-experimental studies involved reduced SB (1 study i P /i =.08), increased light PA (1 study i P /i =.002), walking steps (2 studies i P /i =.06 and i P /i & .001), walking time (1 study i P /i =.02), moderate-to-vigorous PA (2 studies i P /i =.08 and i P /i =.81), and nonwalking exercise time (1 study i P /i =.31). RCT studies showed increased walking steps (1 study i P /i =.003) and walking time (1 study i P /i =.06). To measure activity, 5 studies used built-in smartphone sensors (ie, accelerometers), 3 of which used the phone’s GPS, and 3 studies used wearable activity trackers. o our knowledge, this is the first systematic review to report on smartphone-based studies to reduce SB and promote PA with a focus on integrated dynamic models. These findings highlight the scarcity of dynamic model–based smartphone studies to reduce SB or promote PA. The limited number of studies that incorporate these models shows promising findings. Future research is required to assess the effectiveness of dynamic models in promoting PA and reducing SB. nternational Prospective Register of Systematic Reviews (PROSPERO) CRD42020139350 www.crd.york.ac.uk/PROSPERO/display_record.php?RecordID=139350.
Publisher: JMIR Publications Inc.
Date: 13-09-2021
DOI: 10.2196/26315
Abstract: Traditional psychological theories are inadequate to fully leverage the potential of smartphones and improve the effectiveness of physical activity (PA) and sedentary behavior (SB) change interventions. Future interventions need to consider dynamic models taken from other disciplines, such as engineering (eg, control systems). The extent to which such dynamic models have been incorporated in the development of interventions for PA and SB remains unclear. This review aims to quantify the number of studies that have used dynamic models to develop smartphone-based interventions to promote PA and reduce SB, describe their features, and evaluate their effectiveness where possible. Databases including PubMed, PsycINFO, IEEE Xplore, Cochrane, and Scopus were searched from inception to May 15, 2019, using terms related to mobile health, dynamic models, SB, and PA. The included studies involved the following: PA or SB interventions involving human adults either developed or evaluated integrated psychological theory with dynamic theories used smartphones for the intervention delivery the interventions were adaptive or just-in-time adaptive included randomized controlled trials (RCTs), pilot RCTs, quasi-experimental, and pre-post study designs and were published from 2000 onward. Outcomes included general characteristics, dynamic models, theory or construct integration, and measured SB and PA behaviors. Data were synthesized narratively. There was limited scope for meta-analysis because of the variability in the study results. A total of 1087 publications were screened, with 11 publications describing 8 studies included in the review. All studies targeted PA 4 also included SB. Social cognitive theory was the major psychological theory upon which the studies were based. Behavioral intervention technology, control systems, computational agent model, exploit-explore strategy, behavioral analytic algorithm, and dynamic decision network were the dynamic models used in the included studies. The effectiveness of quasi-experimental studies involved reduced SB (1 study P=.08), increased light PA (1 study P=.002), walking steps (2 studies P=.06 and P .001), walking time (1 study P=.02), moderate-to-vigorous PA (2 studies P=.08 and P=.81), and nonwalking exercise time (1 study P=.31). RCT studies showed increased walking steps (1 study P=.003) and walking time (1 study P=.06). To measure activity, 5 studies used built-in smartphone sensors (ie, accelerometers), 3 of which used the phone’s GPS, and 3 studies used wearable activity trackers. To our knowledge, this is the first systematic review to report on smartphone-based studies to reduce SB and promote PA with a focus on integrated dynamic models. These findings highlight the scarcity of dynamic model–based smartphone studies to reduce SB or promote PA. The limited number of studies that incorporate these models shows promising findings. Future research is required to assess the effectiveness of dynamic models in promoting PA and reducing SB. International Prospective Register of Systematic Reviews (PROSPERO) CRD42020139350 www.crd.york.ac.uk/PROSPERO/display_record.php?RecordID=139350.
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 17-06-2021
DOI: 10.1002/PTR.6990
Abstract: The objective of this study was to determine the effects of Nigella sativa oil extract on cardiometabolic risk factors in people with type 2 diabetes (T2D). A randomized, controlled, clinical trial was conducted on 43 patients with T2D (23 women and 20 men aged 53.5 ± 7.4 years). The intervention group ( N = 23) received two 500‐mg per day soft gel capsules containing Nigella sativa oil extract and the control group ( N = 20) received two identical placebo soft gel capsules containing sunflower oil per day for the same period, 8 weeks. Pre‐ and post‐intervention cardiometabolic risk factors were measured. Compared with the placebo, the N . sativa oil significantly decreased FBS ( p = .03(, HbA1c ( p = .001), total cholesterol ( p = .04), TG ( p = .003), LDL‐c ( p = .001), BMI ( p .001), waist circumference ( p .001), SBP ( p = .001), and DBP ( p = .002). HOMA‐IR ( p = .51) and HDL‐c ( p = .91) did not change significantly following Nigella sativa supplementation. Nigella sativa oil exerted beneficial effects on glycemic control, serum lipid profile, blood pressure, and body weight among people with T2D. Further long‐term trials in the future may help confirm the current therapeutic benefits of Nigella sativa in T2D.
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 23-03-2022
DOI: 10.1111/SMS.14155
Abstract: There is a universal need to increase the number of adults meeting physical activity (PA) recommendations to help improve health. In recent years, electrically assisted bicycles (e-bikes) have emerged as a promising method for supporting people to initiate and maintain physical activity levels. To the best of our knowledge, there have been no meta-analyses conducted to quantify the difference in physiological responses between e-cycling with electrical assistance, e-cycling without assistance, conventional cycling, and walking. A systematic review and meta-analysis was conducted following PRISMA guidelines. We identified short-term e-bike studies, which utilized a crossover design comparing physiological outcomes when e-cycling with electrical assistance, e-cycling without electrical assistance, conventional cycling, or walking. Energy expenditure (EE), heart rate (HR), oxygen consumption (VO Fourteen studies met our inclusion criteria (N = 239). E-cycling with electrical assistance resulted in a lower energy expenditure (EE) [SMD = -0.46 (-0.98, 0.06), p = 0.08], heart rate (HR) [MD = -11.41 (-17.15, -5.68), p < 0.000, beats per minute], oxygen uptake (VO E-cycling was associated with increased physiological responses that can confer health benefits.
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 08-01-2023
DOI: 10.1186/S40798-022-00539-3
Abstract: The COVID-19 pandemic markedly changed how healthcare services are delivered and telehealth delivery has increased worldwide. Whether changes in healthcare delivery borne from the COVID-19 pandemic impact effectiveness is unknown. Therefore, we examined the effectiveness of exercise physiology services provided during the COVID-19 pandemic. This prospective cohort study included 138 clients who received exercise physiology services during the initial COVID-19 pandemic. Outcome measures of interest were EQ-5D-5L, EQ-VAS, patient-specific functional scale, numeric pain rating scale and goal attainment scaling. Most (59%, n = 82) clients received in-person delivery only, whereas 8% ( n = 11) received telehealth delivery only and 33% ( n = 45) received a combination of delivery modes. Mean (SD) treatment duration was 11 (7) weeks and included 12 (6) sessions lasting 48 (9) minutes. The majority (73%, n = 101) of clients completed 80% of exercise sessions. Exercise physiology improved mobility by 14% ( β = 0.23, P = 0.003), capacity to complete usual activities by 18% ( β = 0.29, P 0.001), capacity to complete important activities that the client was unable to do or having difficulty performing by 54% ( β = 2.46, P 0.001), current pain intensity by 16% ( β = − 0.55, P = 0.038) and goal attainment scaling t-scores by 50% ( β = 18.37, P 0.001). Effectiveness did not differ between delivery modes (all: P 0.087). Exercise physiology services provided during the COVID-19 pandemic improved a range of client-reported outcomes regardless of delivery mode. Further exploration of cost-effectiveness is warranted.
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 11-2023
Publisher: JMIR Publications Inc.
Date: 08-02-2023
DOI: 10.2196/46370
No related grants have been discovered for Jenna McVicar.