Rene Vaillancourt

An investigation into the ecological requirements and niche partitioning of Pterostylidinae (Orchidaceae) species

Publisher: CSIRO Publishing

Date: 2010

DOI: 10.1071/BT10041

Abstract: The in situ management of many orchid species is problematic because in idual species’ ecology and habitat requirements are poorly understood. Here, the requirements of nine Pterostylis species are investigated for the first time. In idual species’ abundances were recorded from 35 sites and correlated with known environmental and climatic variables using canonical correspondence analysis to determine which variables may explain species distribution. Altitude, aspect, drainage, precipitation, radiation, temperature and moisture index were identified as important variables that influence distribution patterns. The positioning of several members of the Pterostylis longifolia species complex in ordination space was poorly resolved, as was the relationship between Pterostylis pedoglossa and Pterostylis parviflora. Distinct ecological partitioning was evident among the remaining three species. This study has identified important environmental variables that can be assessed in the field and assist in the detection of suitable habitat for orchid translocations.

Morphological and genetic variation in Centrolepis paludicola and C. monogyna (Centrolepidaceae)

Publisher: CSIRO Publishing

Date: 1999

DOI: 10.1071/SB98035

Abstract: Centrolepis paludicola is a small cushion-forming herb which is listed as an endangered species. However, some taxonomists have questioned its species status and treat it as a subspecies of the common C. monogyna. Morphological measurements were taken on plants from 50 cushions collected from 31 sites throughout Tasmania, and included C. paludicola, C. monogyna and C. fascicularis as an outgroup to resolve this taxonomic issue. While C. fascicularis was distinct in all morphological analyses, the sympatric C. paludicola and C. monogyna could not be clearly distinguished on the basis of the reproductive and vegetative characters that are supposed to separate them. Centrolepis monogyna is henceforth interpreted as a morphologically variable species which includes C. paludicola. Once it was shown that these are best treated as one species, RAPD molecular markers were used to analyse genetic variation between populations. This analysis revealed a high level of polymorphism between cushions. As in the multivariate analysis of morphological data, C. monogyna and C. paludicola containing cushions were indistinguishable. However, there was a strong geographical structure to the genetic variation in the C. monogyna/C. paludicola group, consistent with a model in which gene flow between populations is limited and local differentiation has occurred.

Expression of a FLOWERING LOCUS T homologue is temporally associated with annual flower bud initiation in Eucalyptus globulus subsp. globulus (Myrtaceae)

Publisher: CSIRO Publishing

Date: 2011

DOI: 10.1071/BT11251

Abstract: The transition to flowering in plants is the result of the balance of endogenous processes and environmental signals that act through a complex genetic pathway that has been studied extensively in annual plants such as Arabidopsis. Perennial trees are characterised by a juvenile non-flowering phase lasting several years followed by an adult phase in which there is repeated cycling between vegetative and reproductive growth. The genetic control of flowering time is potentially more complex in perennials than in annuals and is less understood. Here, we examine the control of flowering in Eucalyptus globulus subsp. globulus, an important forestry species in temperate parts of the world. The E. globulus subsp. globulus homologues of two important flowering genes FLOWERING LOCUS T (FT) and LEAFY (LFY) were isolated and quantitative RT-PCR was used to measure their expression over a 2-year period. The expression of the homologue of FT in E. globulus subsp. globulus leaves was associated with the annual transition from vegetative to reproductive growth (i.e. flower bud initiation). Expression of the LFY homologue was associated with early flower bud development. In a comparison of FT and LFY expression patterns in two clones each of an early and late anthesis genotype, no association between the expression of these genes and the timing of anthesis was shown. Taken together, this indicates that FT and LFY could form part of the flower initiation pathway in Eucalyptus but do not regulate the observed differences in anthesis time.

Evidence for local climate adaptation in early-life traits of Tasmanian populations of Eucalyptus pauciflora

Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC

Date: 23-09-2015

DOI: 10.1007/S11295-015-0930-6

Climate-adjusted provenancing: a strategy for climate-resilient ecological restoration

Publisher: Frontiers Media SA

Date: 23-06-2015

DOI: 10.3389/FEVO.2015.00065

Assessing the risk of exotic gene flow from Eucalyptus globulus plantations to native E. ovata forests

Publisher: Elsevier BV

Date: 2014

DOI: 10.1016/J.FORECO.2013.10.005

Genome-wide scans detect adaptation to aridity in a widespread forest tree species

Publisher: Wiley

Date: 05-2014

DOI: 10.1111/MEC.12751

Abstract: Patterns of adaptive variation within plant species are best studied through common garden experiments, but these are costly and time-consuming, especially for trees that have long generation times. We explored whether genome-wide scanning technology combined with outlier marker detection could be used to detect adaptation to climate and provide an alternative to common garden experiments. As a case study, we s led nine provenances of the widespread forest tree species, Eucalyptus tricarpa, across an aridity gradient in southeastern Australia. Using a Bayesian analysis, we identified a suite of 94 putatively adaptive (outlying) sequence-tagged markers across the genome. Population-level allele frequencies of these outlier markers were strongly correlated with temperature and moisture availability at the site of origin, and with population differences in functional traits measured in two common gardens. Using the output from a canonical analysis of principal coordinates, we devised a metric that provides a holistic measure of genomic adaptation to aridity that could be used to guide assisted migration or genetic augmentation.

Quantitative Trait Loci (QTLs) for Intumescence Severity inEucalyptus globulusand Validation of QTL Detection Based on Phenotyping Using Open-Pollinated Families of a Mapping Population

Publisher: Scientific Societies

Date: 08-2018

DOI: 10.1094/PDIS-01-18-0003-RE

Abstract: Intumescence is a nonpathogenic physiological disorder characterized by leaf blistering. This disorder can affect growth and development in glasshouses and growth chambers and may be confused with pathogenic diseases. We used quantitative trait loci (QTL) analysis to examine the genetic basis of variation in intumescence severity in Eucalyptus globulus, and test for colocation with previously detected QTLs for pathogen susceptibility. QTL analysis used the phenotype means of open-pollinated (OP) families of an outcrossed F 2 mapping family (OP F 3 n = 300) of E. globulus and the linkage map constructed in the F 2 . We validate this phenotyping approach for QTL analysis by assessing a trait previously used for QTL discovery in the F 2 and showing the same major QTL was detected with the OP F 3 . For intumescence severity, five putative QTLs were detected across four linkage groups. Four of these did not colocate with previously reported QTLs for fungal pathogen susceptibility in Eucalyptus, suggesting the mechanisms underlying susceptibility to intumescence and to the two fungal pathogens are largely independent. This study demonstrates there is a genetic basis for variation in intumescence severity, reports the first QTL for intumescence severity in plants, and provides a robust framework for investigating the potential mechanisms involved.

Genomic scans across three eucalypts suggest that adaptation to aridity is a genome-wide phenomenon

Publisher: Oxford University Press (OUP)

Date: 02-2017

DOI: 10.1093/GBE/EVW290

Quantitative trait loci for foliar terpenes in a global eucalypt species

Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC

Date: 16-11-2011

DOI: 10.1007/S11295-010-0350-6

Genetic variation of microfibril angle and its relationship with solid wood and pulpwood traits in two progeny trials of Eucalyptus nitens in Tasmania

Publisher: Walter de Gruyter GmbH

Date: 08-01-2021

DOI: 10.1515/HF-2020-0196

Abstract: Microfibril angle (MFA) is a key biological trait contributing to wood stiffness, which is a common breeding objective for solid wood products in many tree species. To explore its genetic architecture, area-weighted MFA was measured in two Eucalyptus nitens progeny trials in Tasmania, Australia, with common open-pollinated families. Radial strips were extracted from 823 trees in 131 families and MFA assessed using SilviScan-2 ® . Heritability, genotype-by-environment interaction and inter-trait genetic correlations were evaluated to examine the genetic variability and stability of MFA and its relationships with other solid wood and pulpwood selection traits. Significant family variation was found for MFA in both trials. There was no significant genotype-by-environment interaction and the across-site narrow-sense heritability was 0.27. MFA was genetically independent of basic density, growth, and tree form. However, MFA was strongly and favourable genetically correlated to acoustic wave velocity in standing trees, modulus of elasticity and kraft pulp yield (KPY). The present study has shown that genetic improvement of E. nitens for pulpwood selection traits is unlikely to have adversely affected MFA, and thus timber stiffness. Rather these results suggest the possibility that selection for increased KPY may have indirectly improved MFA favourably for solid wood products.

Advances in pollination techniques for large-scale seed production in Eucalyptusglobulus

Publisher: CSIRO Publishing

Date: 2004

DOI: 10.1071/BT04044

Abstract: The effectiveness of supplementary pollination techniques for large-scale production of elite Eucalyptus globulus seed was tested by using pollen fixed for a rare allozyme. We assayed the paternity of 1954 seedlings derived from 1089 flowers on 14 trees with no emasculation or style isolation. We first compared the success of pollinating the transversely cut style surface with direct stigma pollination. For flowers pollinated up to 6 days after operculum shed, style cutting resulted in a 15-fold increase in the number of seed with the marker allozyme (intended pollination) compared with stigma pollination. There was no difference between either pollination treatment and open pollination in 7–14-day-old flowers. We subsequently pollinated 13 trees using the cut-style technique that resulted in 86.9% of progeny having the marker allozyme. Microsatellite analysis showed that only 4.8% of the progeny were selfs. Thus, we show that it is possible to obtain seed with low level of contamination and little selfing, without the costly steps of flower emasculation, isolation and labelling, by simply cutting the style just before pollination and pollinating all suitable flowers on a tree on a weekly cycle. By this approach, elite full-sib families can be generated for deployment into plantations to exploit both additive and non-additive genetic effects.

Genetic analysis of the near-infrared spectral phenome of a global Eucalyptus species

Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC

Date: 06-03-2013

DOI: 10.1007/S11295-013-0607-Y

Genetic Control of Heterochrony in Eucalyptus globulus

Publisher: Oxford University Press (OUP)

Date: 07-2014

DOI: 10.1534/G3.114.011916

Abstract: A change in the timing or rate of developmental events throughout ontogeny is referred to as heterochrony, and it is a major evolutionary process in plants and animals. We investigated the genetic basis for natural variation in the timing of vegetative phase change in the tree Eucalyptus globulus, which undergoes a dramatic change in vegetative morphology during the juvenile-to-adult transition. Quantitative trait loci analysis in an outcross F2 family derived from crosses between in iduals from a coastal population of E. globulus with precocious vegetative phase change and in iduals from populations in which vegetative phase change occurs several years later implicated the microRNA EglMIR156.5 as a potential contributor to this heterochronic difference. Additional evidence for the involvement of EglMIR156.5 was provided by its differential expression in trees with early and late phase change. Our findings suggest that changes in the expression of miR156 underlie natural variation in vegetative phase change in E. globulus, and may also explain interspecific differences in the timing of this developmental transition.

Genomic Characterization of DArT Markers Based on High-Density Linkage Analysis and Physical Mapping to the Eucalyptus Genome

Publisher: Public Library of Science (PLoS)

Date: 11-09-2012

DOI: 10.1371/JOURNAL.PONE.0044684

Maternal inheritance of the chloroplast genome in <i>Eucalyptus globulus</i> and interspecific hybrids

Publisher: Canadian Science Publishing

Date: 2001

DOI: 10.1139/GEN-44-5-831

Genetic control of flowering time in Eucalyptus globulus ssp. globulus

Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC

Date: 20-07-2011

DOI: 10.1007/S11295-011-0407-1

Genetic correlations in multi-species plant/herbivore interactions at multiple genetic scales. Implications for eco-evolutionary dynamics

Publisher: Elsevier

Date: 2014

DOI: 10.1016/B978-0-12-801374-8.00008-6

Assessing the invasive potential of Eucalyptus globulus in Australia: Quantification of wildling establishment from plantations

Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC

Date: 21-05-2013

DOI: 10.1007/S10530-013-0492-1

Population genetic analysis and phylogeny reconstruction in Eucalyptus (Myrtaceae) using high-throughput, genome-wide genotyping

Publisher: Elsevier BV

Date: 04-2011

DOI: 10.1016/J.YMPEV.2011.02.003

Abstract: A set of over 8000 Diversity Arrays Technology (DArT) markers was tested for its utility in high-resolution population and phylogenetic studies across a range of Eucalyptus taxa. Small-scale population studies of Eucalyptus camaldulensis, Eucalyptus cladocalyx, Eucalyptus globulus, Eucalyptus grandis, Eucalyptus nitens, Eucalyptus pilularis and Eucalyptus urophylla demonstrated the potential of genome-wide genotyping with DArT markers to differentiate species, to identify interspecific hybrids and to resolve biogeographic disjunctions within species. The population genetic studies resolved geographically partitioned clusters in E. camaldulensis, E. cladocalyx, E. globulus and E. urophylla that were congruent with previous molecular studies. A phylogenetic study of 94 eucalypt species provided results that were largely congruent with traditional taxonomy and ITS-based phylogenies, but provided more resolution within major clades than had been obtained previously. Ascertainment bias (the bias introduced in a phylogeny from using markers developed in a small s le of the taxa that are being studied) was not detected. DArT offers an unprecedented level of resolution for population genetic, phylogenetic and evolutionary studies across the full range of Eucalyptus species.

The genome of Eucalyptus grandis

Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC

Date: 11-06-2014

DOI: 10.1038/NATURE13308

Abstract: Eucalypts are the world's most widely planted hardwood trees. Their outstanding ersity, adaptability and growth have made them a global renewable resource of fibre and energy. We sequenced and assembled >94% of the 640-megabase genome of Eucalyptus grandis. Of 36,376 predicted protein-coding genes, 34% occur in tandem duplications, the largest proportion thus far in plant genomes. Eucalyptus also shows the highest ersity of genes for specialized metabolites such as terpenes that act as chemical defence and provide unique pharmaceutical oils. Genome sequencing of the E. grandis sister species E. globulus and a set of inbred E. grandis tree genomes reveals dynamic genome evolution and hotspots of inbreeding depression. The E. grandis genome is the first reference for the eudicot order Myrtales and is placed here sister to the eurosids. This resource expands our understanding of the unique biology of large woody perennials and provides a powerful tool to accelerate comparative biology, breeding and biotechnology.

Improving controlled pollination methodology for breeding Acacia mangium Willd.

Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC

Date: 06-02-2010

DOI: 10.1007/S11056-010-9188-X

Genetic variation in fire recovery and other fire-related traits in a global eucalypt species

Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC

Date: 12-11-2022

DOI: 10.1007/S11295-022-01572-9

Abstract: To understand the potential of forests to adapt to wildfire, we studied the genetic architecture of fire-related structural, damage and recovery traits in a globally important Australian forest tree species, Eucalyptus globulus . Fourteen traits were evaluated in an outcrossed F 2 population in a field trial in Tasmania, Australia, which was burnt by a wildfire 14 years after planting. The trial also included open-pollinated families of the grandparental dwarf and tall ecotypes used to produce the F 2 population. We studied the phenotypic correlations within the F 2 population and performed quantitative trait loci (QTL) analyses using a linkage map comprised of 472 markers. Ecotype comparisons revealed that almost all traits were under genetic control, with trees of the dwarf ecotype significantly more damaged and mainly recovering from lignotubers, whereas tall ecotype trees mainly recovered from epicormic resprouts extending for a variable height up the stem. Within the F 2 , tree size was negatively correlated with fire damage and positively correlated with recovery. Genetic control of fire-related traits was confirmed by the detection of 38 QTL in the F 2 population. These QTL accounted for 4 to 43% of the phenotypic variation in these traits. Several QTL co-located and likely reflect pleiotropic effects. However, many independent QTL were detected, including QTL for crown consumption and trunk scorch, epicormic resprouting, resprout herbivory, and seedling establishment. The QTL detected argue that many genetically controlled mechanisms are responsible for variation in fire damage and recovery.

The rare silver gum, Eucalyptus cordata, is leaving its trace in the organellar gene pool of Eucalyptus globulus

Publisher: Wiley

Date: 02-11-2004

DOI: 10.1111/J.1365-294X.2004.02364.X

The impact of intragenic recombination on phylogenetic reconstruction at the sectional level in Eucalyptus when using a single copy nuclear gene (cinnamoyl CoA reductase)

Publisher: Elsevier BV

Date: 04-2006

DOI: 10.1016/J.YMPEV.2005.11.016

Abstract: Low copy number nuclear genes have been found to be useful for phylogenetic reconstruction at different taxonomic levels. This study investigated the utility of a single copy gene, cinnamoyl CoA reductase (CCR), for resolving phylogenetic relationships at the sectional level within Eucalyptus. The monophyly of sections Exsertaria and Latoangulatae was explored, using section Maidenaria as an outgroup, and the impact of intragenic recombination on phylogenetic reconstruction examined. Phylogenetic analysis did not resolve monophyletic groups. Latoangulatae and Maidenaria were polyphyletic or paraphyletic. Exsertaria species formed a clade but included a single Latoangulatae species (E. major). Recombination analysis identified two intragenic recombination events that involved species from different sections, which have probably been facilitated by inter-sectional hybridisation. One of the events most likely occurred prior to speciation, with several Latoangulatae species having the recombinant allele. The other event may have occurred after speciation, since only one of two E. globulus s les possessed the recombinant allele. This is the first detailed report of intragenic recombination in both CCR and Eucalyptus, and between species of different sections of a plant genus. The occurrence of intragenic recombination may explain the anomalous positions of some species within the phylogenetic tree, and indicates that phylogenetic analysis of Eucalyptus using nuclear genes will be problematic unless recombination is taken into account.

Determination of the Syringyl/Guaiacyl Ratio of Eucalyptus Globulus Wood Lignin by near Infrared-Based Partial Least Squares Regression Models Using Analytical Pyrolysis as the Reference Method

Publisher: SAGE Publications

Date: 2011

DOI: 10.1255/JNIRS.946

Abstract: High syringly/guaiacyl (S/G) ratios are advantageous for chemical pulp production due to higher delignification rates, higher pulp yields and lower chemical consumption. Near infrared-based partial least-squares regression (PLS-R) models were developed to assess the S/G ratio of Eucalyptus globulus wood using analytical pyrolysis as the reference method. The PLS-R models obtained using the wavenumber range from 6100cm −1 to 5450cm −1 (1639–1835nm) of the preprocessed spectra using first derivative (1stDer) and first derivative in combination with vector normalisation (1stDerVN), multiplicative scatter correction (1stDerMSC) and straight-line-subtraction (1stDerSLS), and the second derivative (2ndDer), are well qualified for rapid screening the S/G ratio of Eucalyptus globulus wood. Overall, models using 1stDerVN and 1stDerMSC preprocess (78 s les) requiring only three PLS components have the best statistics with coefficient of determination ( r 2 ) = 0.97, root mean square error of cross-validation ( RMSECV)=0.025 and residual prediction deviation ( RPD) = 5.7

Genetic Variation in Flowering Traits of Tasmanian Leptospermum scoparium and Association with Provenance Home Site Climatic Factors

Publisher: MDPI AG

Date: 10-04-2022

DOI: 10.3390/PLANTS11081029

Abstract: Leptospermum scoparium is emerging as an economically important plant for the commercial production of mānuka honey and essential oils, both exhibiting unique antibacterial attributes. To support its domestication this is the first quantitative genetic study of variation for L. scoparium traits. It utilised plants from 200 open-pollinated families derived from 40 native populations, from across the species range in Tasmania, grown in a common garden field trial. The traits studied were survival, growth, and the flowering traits precocity, the timing of seasonal peak flowering, flowering duration, and flowering intensity. Significant genetic variation was evident at the population level for all traits studied and at the family level for three traits—growth, flowering precocity, and time to peak flowering. These three traits had moderate to high narrow-sense heritability estimates ranging from 0.27 to 0.69. For six of the traits studied, population differences were associated with climate attributes at the locations where seed was collected, suggesting adaptation to the local climate may have contributed to the observed population differentiation. Population level geographical trends suggest that genotypes to focus on for domestication originate from the eastern half of Tasmania for precociousness and the western half of Tasmania for earlier time to peak flowering and extended flowering duration.

Microsatellite analysis of population structure in Eucalyptus globulus

Publisher: Canadian Science Publishing

Date: 09-2017

DOI: 10.1139/GEN-2016-0218

Abstract: Eucalyptus globulus subsp. globulus Labill. (Tasmanian Blue Gum), native to southeast Australia, is a benchmark species for the pulp and paper industry. We genotyped 397 trees from 16 populations of E. globulus representing the native ersity in Australia using 24 microsatellite loci. Eight genetically distinct groups were detected, consistent with genetic groupings detected in previous quantitative and molecular studies. A s le of 29 Portuguese in iduals was added to help clarify the origin of the Portuguese landrace. The results suggest a southern and eastern Tasmania origin for the Portuguese landrace. This genetic framework will enable researchers to investigate the provenance of in iduals of unknown pedigree and assess the levels of representation of E. globulus natural variation in the Portuguese landrace.

The genetic variation in the timing of heteroblastic transition in Eucalyptus globulus is stable across environments

Publisher: CSIRO Publishing

Date: 2011

DOI: 10.1071/BT10313

Abstract: Eucalyptus globulus is one of the best known ex les of a heteroblastic plant. It exhibits a dramatic phase change from distinctive juvenile to adult leaves, but the timing of this transition varies markedly. We examined the genetic variation in the timing of heteroblastic transition using five large open-pollinated progeny trials established in north-western Tasmania. We used univariate and multi-variate mixed models to analyse data on the presence/absence of adult or intermediate foliage at age 2 years from a total of 14 860 trees across five trials, as well as height to heteroblastic phase change from one trial. Up to 566 families and 15 geographic subraces of E. globulus were represented in the trials. The timing of the heteroblastic transition was genetically variable and under strong genetic control at the subrace and within-subrace level, with single-trial narrow-sense heritability estimates for the binary trait averaging 0.50 (range 0.44–0.65). The degree of quantitative trait differentiation in the timing of heteroblastic transition among subraces, as measured by QST, exceeded the published level of neutral molecular marker (FST) differentiation in all cases, arguing that ersifying selection has contributed to shaping broad-scale patterns of genetic differentiation. Most inter-trial genetic correlations were close to one at the subrace and additive genetic levels, indicating that the genetic variation in this important developmental change is expressed in a stable manner and that genotype-by-environment interaction is minimal across the environments studied.

Chloroplast evidence for geographic stasis of the Australian bird-dispersed shrub Tasmannia lanceolata (Winteraceae)

Publisher: Wiley

Date: 07-2010

DOI: 10.1111/J.1365-294X.2010.04725.X

A molecular phylogeny of the subtribe Pterostylidinae (Orchidaceae): resolving the taxonomic confusion

Publisher: CSIRO Publishing

Date: 2010

DOI: 10.1071/SB10006

Abstract: In the past decade, two major classification schemes of the subtribe Pterostylidinae have resulted in taxonomic confusion because a single well known genus was split into a large number of new genera and subgenera, many of which are difficult to discriminate accurately. These classifications have not been accepted widely among systematists because of poor phylogenetic support for several genera. Analyses of the internal transcribed spacer (ITS) region of nuclear rDNA in a large number of species and s les facilitate further clarification of the relationships within the Pterostylidinae. The phylogenetic trees were reconstructed using parsimony and Bayesian methods. These phylogenetic trees indicate that subtribe Pterostylidinae is monophyletic, and support the concept of a single genus, Pterostylis R.Br. sensu lato within the Pterostylidinae. Two clades representing subgenera correlate with the morphology of the lateral sepals, whereas several of the previously erected genera consistently have poor support. The proposed subgenera are ided further into 10 sections. Several closely related taxa with identical ITS sequences require further scrutiny by population-level molecular techniques to determine their taxonomic status.

Molecular genetic variation in a widespread forest tree species Eucalyptus obliqua (Myrtaceae) on the island of Tasmania

Publisher: CSIRO Publishing

Date: 2011

DOI: 10.1071/BT10315

Abstract: Eucalyptus obliqua L’Hér. is widespread across south-eastern Australia. On the island of Tasmania it has a more-or-less continuous distribution across its range and it dominates much of the wet sclerophyll forest managed for forestry purposes. To understand better the distribution of genetic variation in these native forests we examined nuclear microsatellite ersity in 432 mature in iduals from 20 populations of E. obliqua across Tasmania, including populations from each end of three locally steep environmental gradients. In addition, chloroplast microsatellite loci were assessed in 297 in iduals across 31 populations. Nuclear microsatellite ersity values in E. obliqua were high (average HE = 0.80) and inbreeding coefficients low (average F = 0.02) within these populations. The degree of differentiation between populations was very low (FST = 0.015). No significant microsatellite differentiation could be found across three locally steep environmental gradients, even though there is significant genetic differentiation in quantitative traits. This suggests that the observed quantitative variation is maintained by natural selection. Population differentiation based on chloroplast haplotypes was high (GST = 0.69) compared with that based on nuclear microsatellites, suggesting that pollen-mediated gene flow is times the level of seed-mediated gene flow in this animal-pollinated species hence, pollen is likely to be the main mode of gene flow countering selection along local environmental gradients. Implications of these results for silvicultural practices are discussed.

CHLOROPLAST DNA PHYLOGENY OF OLD-WORLD VIGNA (LEGUMINOSAE)

Publisher: JSTOR

Date: 10-1993

DOI: 10.2307/2419538

A reference linkage map for Eucalyptus

Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC

Date: 2012

DOI: 10.1186/1471-2164-13-240

Pests, diseases, and aridity have shaped the genome of Corymbia citriodora

Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC

Date: 10-05-2021

DOI: 10.1038/S42003-021-02009-0

Abstract: Corymbia citriodora is a member of the predominantly Southern Hemisphere Myrtaceae family, which includes the eucalypts ( Eucalyptus , Corymbia and Angophora ~800 species). Corymbia is grown for timber, pulp and paper, and essential oils in Australia, South Africa, Asia, and Brazil, maintaining a high-growth rate under marginal conditions due to drought, poor-quality soil, and biotic stresses. To dissect the genetic basis of these desirable traits, we sequenced and assembled the 408 Mb genome of Corymbia citriodora , anchored into eleven chromosomes. Comparative analysis with Eucalyptus grandis reveals high synteny, although the two erged approximately 60 million years ago and have different genome sizes (408 vs 641 Mb), with few large intra-chromosomal rearrangements. C. citriodora shares an ancient whole-genome duplication event with E. grandis but has undergone tandem gene family expansions related to terpene biosynthesis, innate pathogen resistance, and leaf wax formation, enabling their successful adaptation to biotic/abiotic stresses and arid conditions of the Australian continent.

Gene flow between introduced and native Eucalyptus species: Flowering asynchrony as a barrier to F1 hybridisation between exotic E. nitens and native Tasmanian Symphyomyrtus species

Publisher: Elsevier BV

Date: 05-2006

DOI: 10.1016/J.FORECO.2006.01.017

Integrating climate change and habitat fragmentation to identify candidate seed sources for ecological restoration

Publisher: Wiley

Date: 16-01-2017

DOI: 10.1111/REC.12488

Association mapping for wood quality and growth traits in Eucalyptus globulus ssp globulus Labill identifies nine stable marker-trait associations for seven traits

Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC

Date: 06-09-2014

DOI: 10.1007/S11295-014-0787-0

Sources of variation in self-incompatibility in the Australian forest tree, Eucalyptus globulus

Publisher: Oxford University Press (OUP)

Date: 12-03-2010

DOI: 10.1093/AOB/MCQ036

The potential for gene flow from exotic eucalypt plantations into Australia's rare native eucalypts

Publisher: Elsevier BV

Date: 12-2010

DOI: 10.1016/J.FORECO.2010.08.049

Annotation of the Corymbia terpene synthase gene family shows broad conservation but dynamic evolution of physical clusters relative to Eucalyptus

Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC

Date: 10-03-2018

DOI: 10.1038/S41437-018-0058-1

Factors affecting variation in outcrossing rate in Eucalyptus globulus

Publisher: CSIRO Publishing

Date: 2004

DOI: 10.1071/BT03186

Abstract: The mating system of the animal-pollinated forest tree species Eucalyptus globulus Labill. was investigated in a clonal seed orchard to determine the importance of self-incompatibility, floral timing, floral abundance and canopy position on explaining variation in outcrossing rates. Outcrossing rates were highly and significantly correlated with the degree of self-incompatibility of in idual genotypes (R2 = 0.92). Outcrossing rates were also significantly higher in the upper than in the lower parts of tree canopies (0.78 ± 0.1 and 0.54 ± 0.1, respectively). In contrast, neither flowering time nor abundance of flowers on in idual trees revealed consistent effects upon outcrossing rates, suggesting that these factors are either less important or inherently more unpredictable because their effects partly depend on complex interactions with animal pollinators. Screening seed orchards in order to identify trees with high self-incompatibility and restricting seed collection to these trees will ensure that a high proportion of the seed used for plantations is derived from outcrossing, thereby minimising the deleterious effects of inbreeding depression.

Genome-wide scans reveal cryptic population structure in a dry-adapted eucalypt

Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC

Date: 07-04-2015

DOI: 10.1007/S11295-015-0864-Z

Multiple evolutionary processes drive the patterns of genetic differentiation in a forest tree species complex

Publisher: Wiley

Date: 2013

DOI: 10.1002/ECE3.421

Using SSR markers for hybrid identification and resource management in Vietnamese Acacia breeding programs

Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC

Date: 26-08-2017

DOI: 10.1007/S11295-017-1184-2

Comparison of contemporary mating patterns in continuous and fragmented Eucalyptus globulus native forests

Publisher: Wiley

Date: 10-2009

DOI: 10.1111/J.1365-294X.2009.04350.X

Application of resistance drilling to genetic studies of growth, wood basic density and bark thickness in Eucalyptus globulus

Publisher: Informa UK Limited

Date: 02-07-2020

DOI: 10.1080/00049158.2020.1808276

Genetic diversity and mating system of an endangered tree Eucalyptus morrisbyi

Publisher: CSIRO Publishing

Date: 2005

DOI: 10.1071/BT04182

Abstract: Eucalyptus morrisbyi is an endangered eucalypt, restricted to four populations on the island of Tasmania. The two main populations are separated by 20 km, occurring in the Risdon Hills and on Calverts Hill, and differ markedly in size and health. Although they are both in reserves, the small population at Risdon Hills has experienced a marked decline in the last two decades. The other two populations (Lumeah Point and Honeywood Drive) are very small and under threat because of urbanisation. They are close to the large Calverts Hill population and may be remnants of a once larger population in this area prior to clearing for agriculture in the 19th century. A hypervariable chloroplast marker and six nuclear microsatellites, used to quantify genetic ersity among and within populations, indicated marked genetic differences between the two main populations (Risdon and Calverts Hills), with virtually no sharing of chloroplast haplotypes and little sharing of microsatellite alleles among populations. Both of the main populations are clearly required to adequately conserve the genetic ersity in this species, whereas the Lumeah Point and Honeywood Drive populations are similar to the proximal Calverts Hill population. The two main populations showed equally high levels of genetic ersity (average HE = 0.69) in the adult trees, using microsatellites, and little difference in inbreeding levels despite the large difference in population size. Analyses of 366 offspring from 9–11 trees from each main population revealed high outcrossing rates, little bi-parental inbreeding and high genetic ersity (average HE = 0.65) in both seedling populations. This indicates that open-pollinated seed collections from these populations capture sufficient genetic ersity for ex situ conservation plantings. It is argued that the high genetic ersity maintained in the small Risdon Hills population is due to a combination of the longevity of its genotypes (possibly up to 1155–1523 years) through a well developed mechanism of vegetative regeneration from lignotubers, coupled with high outcrossing rates maintained by a strong self-incompatibility mechanism.

Effects of domestication on genetic diversity in Eucalyptus globulus

Publisher: Elsevier BV

Date: 10-2006

DOI: 10.1016/J.FORECO.2006.06.021

Plasticity of functional traits varies clinally along a rainfall gradient in Eucalyptus tricarpa

Publisher: Wiley

Date: 13-01-2014

DOI: 10.1111/PCE.12251

Abstract: Widespread species often occur across a range of climatic conditions, through a combination of local genetic adaptations and phenotypic plasticity. Species with greater phenotypic plasticity are likely to be better positioned to cope with rapid anthropogenic climate changes, while those displaying strong local adaptations might benefit from translocations to assist the movement of adaptive genes as the climate changes. Eucalyptus tricarpa occurs across a climatic gradient in south-eastern Australia, a region of increasing aridity, and we hypothesized that this species would display local adaptation to climate. We measured morphological and physiological traits reflecting climate responses in nine provenances from sites of 460 to 1040 mm annual rainfall, in their natural habitat and in common gardens near each end of the gradient. Local adaptation was evident in functional traits and differential growth rates in the common gardens. Some traits displayed complex combinations of plasticity and genetic ergence among provenances, including clinal variation in plasticity itself. Provenances from drier locations were more plastic in leaf thickness, whereas leaf size was more plastic in provenances from higher rainfall locations. Leaf density and stomatal physiology (as indicated by δ(13)C and δ(18)O) were highly and uniformly plastic. In addition to variation in mean trait values, genetic variation in trait plasticity may play a role in climate adaptation.

Molecular insights into the dynamics of species invasion by hybridisation in Tasmanian eucalypts

Publisher: Wiley

Date: 27-02-2023

DOI: 10.1111/MEC.16892

Abstract: In plants where seed dispersal is limited compared with pollen dispersal, hybridisation may enhance gene exchange and species dispersal. We provide genetic evidence of hybridisation contributing to the expansion of the rare Eucalyptus risdonii into the range of the widespread Eucalyptus amygdalina . These closely related tree species are morphologically distinct, and observations suggest that natural hybrids occur along their distribution boundaries and as isolated trees or in small patches within the range of E. amygdalina . Hybrid phenotypes occur outside the range of normal dispersal for E. risdonii seed, yet in some hybrid patches small in iduals resembling E. risdonii occur and are hypothesised to be a result of backcrossing. Using 3362 genome‐wide SNPs assessed from 97 in iduals of E. risdonii and E. amygdalina and 171 hybrid trees, we show that (i) isolated hybrids match the genotypes expected of F 1 /F 2 hybrids, (ii) there is a continuum in the genetic composition among the isolated hybrid patches from patches dominated by F 1 /F 2 ‐like genotypes to those dominated by E. risdonii ‐backcross genotypes, and (iii) the E. risdonii ‐like phenotypes in the isolated hybrid patches are most‐closely related to proximal larger hybrids. These results suggest that the E. risdonii phenotype has been resurrected in isolated hybrid patches established from pollen dispersal, providing the first steps in its invasion of suitable habitat by long‐distance pollen dispersal and complete introgressive displacement of E. amygdalina . Such expansion accords with the population demographics, common garden performance data, and climate modelling which favours E. risdonii and highlights a role of interspecific hybridisation in climate change adaptation and species expansion.

Independent QTL underlie resistance to the native pathogen Quambalaria pitereka and the exotic pathogen Austropuccinia psidii in Corymbia

Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC

Date: 28-08-2019

DOI: 10.1007/S11295-019-1378-X

Genetic evidence that Lomatia tasmanica (Proteaceae) is an ancient clone

Publisher: CSIRO Publishing

Date: 1998

DOI: 10.1071/BT96120

Abstract: Lomatia tasmanica W.M.Curtis is an endangered species with only one population. The population occurs over a distance of 1.2 km and consists of several hundred stems. Although it flowers occasionally, fruit production has never been observed, and it propagates vegetatively. The genetic ersity in L. tasmanica, and its relationship with the other species of this genus in Tasmania was investigated using allozyme analysis and chromosome counts. Sixteen isozyme loci were scored on 78 L. tasmanica plants collected from throughout the range of the species. No genetic ersity was found in L. tasmanica. Lomatia tinctoria possessed 22 (2n = 22) chromosomes, like other Lomatia species previously counted, while L. tasmanica had 33 to 29 chromosomes, which makes it an unstable triploid. The triploid nature of L. tasmanica would explain its lack of genetic ersity and its apparent sterility. This suggests that the entire species may be one genet, one of the largest plant clone ever found. Fossilised leaves identified as L. tasmanica by Jordan et al. (1991) and dated as at least 43 600 years old may indicate the minimum age of this genet. This clone maybe one the world’s oldest known living plant in idual.

Gene flow between introduced and native Eucalyptus species: exotic hybrids are establishing in the wild

Publisher: CSIRO Publishing

Date: 2003

DOI: 10.1071/BT03016

Abstract: F1 hybrids between exotic Eucalyptus nitens plantations and native E. ovata have previously been reported among seedlings grown from open-pollinated seed collected from E. ovata, on the island of Tasmania. Such exotic hybrid seedlings have now been found in the wild adjacent to plantations at three locations. The proportion of exotic hybrids in open-pollinated seed collected from nearby mature E. ovata was 5.5%. This level compares with only 0.4% for natural hybrids between native species at these sites (E. ovata, E. viminalis and E.�rodwayi). Detection of hybrids was initially based on their deviant morphology, which was generally intermediate between parental species. This subjective classification was then successfully verified by morphometric and allozyme analyses. Pure E. nitens seedlings (wildlings) were restricted to within 30 m of these plantations, whereas established hybrids were found up to 310 m from the plantations. This pattern of establishment reflects dispersal of exotic seed and pollen respectively. It is likely that the recent expansion of the eucalypt plantation estate in Australia will cause an increase in the frequency of exotic hybrids. However, the long-term impact of such hybridisation is yet to be assessed.

Gene flow between introduced and native Eucalyptus species: Early-age selection limits invasive capacity of exotic E. ovata×nitens F1 hybrids

Publisher: Elsevier BV

Date: 06-2006

DOI: 10.1016/J.FORECO.2006.03.004

Variation in seedling morphology in the Eucalyptus risdonii-E. tenuiramis complex

Publisher: CSIRO Publishing

Date: 2001

DOI: 10.1071/BT99079

Partitioning and distribution of RAPD variation in a forest tree species, Eucalyptus globulus (Myrtaceae)

Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC

Date: 06-1995

DOI: 10.1038/HDY.1995.86

Maternal inheritance of mitochondria in Eucalyptus globulus

Publisher: Oxford University Press (OUP)

Date: 07-2004

DOI: 10.1093/JHERED/ESH051

Genetic correlations among pulpwood and solid-wood selection traits in Eucalyptus globulus

Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC

Date: 30-05-2019

DOI: 10.1007/S11056-019-09721-0

Comparative genomics of Eucalyptus and Corymbia reveals low rates of genome structural rearrangement

Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC

Date: 22-05-2017

DOI: 10.1186/S12864-017-3782-7

Genetic control of the operculum and capsule morphology of Eucalyptus globulus

Publisher: Oxford University Press (OUP)

Date: 02-06-2022

DOI: 10.1093/AOB/MCAC072

Abstract: The petaline operculum that covers the inner whorls until anthesis and the woody capsule that develops after fertilization are reproductive structures of eucalypts that protect the flower and seeds. Although they are distinct organs, they both develop from flower buds and this common ontogeny suggests shared genetic control. In Eucalyptus globulus their morphology is variable and we aimed to identify the quantitative trait loci (QTL) underlying this variation and determine whether there is common genetic control of these ecologically and taxonomically important reproductive structures. S les of opercula and capsules were collected from 206 trees that belong to a large outcrossed F2E. globulus mapping population. The morphological variation in these structures was characterized by measuring six operculum and five capsule traits. QTL analysis was performed using these data and a linkage map consisting of 480 markers. A total of 27 QTL were detected for operculum traits and 28 for capsule traits, with the logarithm of odds ranging from 2.8 to 11.8. There were many co-located QTL associated with operculum or capsule traits, generally reflecting allometric relationships. A key finding was five genomic regions where co-located QTL affected both operculum and capsule morphology, and the overall trend for these QTL was to affect elongation of both organs. Some of these QTL appear to have a significant effect on the phenotype, with the strongest QTL explaining 26.4 % of the variation in operculum shape and 16.4 % in capsule shape. Flower bud measurements suggest the expression of these QTL starts during bud development. Several candidate genes were found associated with the QTL and their putative function is discussed. Variation in both operculum and capsule traits in E. globulus is under strong genetic control. Our results suggest that these reproductive structures share a common genetic pathway during flower bud development.

Comparative mapping of quantitative trait loci associated with waterlogging tolerance in barley (Hordeum vulgare L.)

Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC

Date: 27-08-2008

DOI: 10.1186/1471-2164-9-401

Abstract: Resistance to soil waterlogging stress is an important plant breeding objective in high rainfall or poorly drained areas across many countries in the world. The present study was conducted to identify quantitative trait loci (QTLs) associated with waterlogging tolerance (e.g. leaf chlorosis, plant survival and biomass reduction) in barley and compare the QTLs identified across two seasons and in two different populations using a composite map constructed with SSRs, RFLP and Diversity Array Technology (DArT) markers. Twenty QTLs for waterlogging tolerance related traits were found in the two barley double haploid (DH) populations. Several of these QTLs were validated through replication of experiments across seasons or by co-location across populations. Some of these QTLs affected multiple waterlogging tolerance related traits, for ex le, QTL Q wt 4-1 contributed not only to reducing barley leaf chlorosis, but also increasing plant biomass under waterlogging stress, whereas other QTLs controlled both leaf chlorosis and plant survival. Improving waterlogging tolerance in barley is still at an early stage compared with other traits. QTLs identified in this study have made it possible to use marker assisted selection (MAS) in combination with traditional field selection to significantly enhance barley breeding for waterlogging tolerance. There may be some degree of homoeologous relationship between QTLs controlling barley waterlogging tolerance and that in other crops as discussed in this study.

A set of chloroplast microsatellite primers for Eucalyptus (Myrtaceae)

Publisher: Wiley

Date: 09-05-2005

DOI: 10.1111/J.1471-8286.2005.00981.X

GENETIC DIVERSITY OF CULTURED, NATURALIZED, AND NATIVE PACIFIC OYSTERS, CRASSOSTREA GIGAS, DETERMINED FROM MULTIPLEXED MICROSATELLITE MARKERS

Publisher: National Shellfisheries Association

Date: 08-2012

DOI: 10.2983/035.031.0303

A high-density Diversity Arrays Technology (DArT) microarray for genome-wide genotyping in Eucalyptus

Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC

Date: 30-06-2010

DOI: 10.1186/1746-4811-6-16

Abstract: A number of molecular marker technologies have allowed important advances in the understanding of the genetics and evolution of Eucalyptus , a genus that includes over 700 species, some of which are used worldwide in plantation forestry. Nevertheless, the average marker density achieved with current technologies remains at the level of a few hundred markers per population. Furthermore, the transferability of markers produced with most existing technology across species and pedigrees is usually very limited. High throughput, combined with wide genome coverage and high transferability are necessary to increase the resolution, speed and utility of molecular marker technology in eucalypts. We report the development of a high-density DArT genome profiling resource and demonstrate its potential for genome-wide ersity analysis and linkage mapping in several species of Eucalyptus . After testing several genome complexity reduction methods we identified the Pst I/ Taq I method as the most effective for Eucalyptus and developed 18 genomic libraries from Pst I/ Taq I representations of 64 different Eucalyptus species. A total of 23,808 cloned DNA fragments were screened and 13,300 (56%) were found to be polymorphic among 284 in iduals. After a redundancy analysis, 6,528 markers were selected for the operational array and these were supplemented with 1,152 additional clones taken from a library made from the E. grandis tree whose genome has been sequenced. Performance validation for ersity studies revealed 4,752 polymorphic markers among 174 in iduals. Additionally, 5,013 markers showed segregation when screened using six inter-specific mapping pedigrees, with an average of 2,211 polymorphic markers per pedigree and a minimum of 859 polymorphic markers that were shared between any two pedigrees. This operational DArT array will deliver 1,000-2,000 polymorphic markers for linkage mapping in most eucalypt pedigrees and thus provide high genome coverage. This array will also provide a high-throughput platform for population genetics and phylogenetics in Eucalyptus . The transferability of DArT across species and pedigrees is particularly valuable for a large genus such as Eucalyptus and will facilitate the transfer of information between different studies. Furthermore, the DArT marker array will provide a high-resolution link between phenotypes in populations and the Eucalyptus reference genome, which will soon be completed.

Few Mendelian Genes Underlie the Quantitative Response of a Forest Tree, Eucalyptus globulus, to a Natural Fungal Epidemic

Publisher: Oxford University Press (OUP)

Date: 2008

DOI: 10.1534/GENETICS.107.081414

Abstract: Foliar fungal pathogens from the genus Mycosphaerella affect eucalypts in natural forests and plantations worldwide. QTL analysis was conducted to dissect the genetic control of resistance in Eucalyptus globulus to a natural infection by Mycosphaerella leaf disease, using a clonally replicated outbred F2 family (112 genotypes) planted in a field trial. Two major QTL, with high LOD support (20.2 and 10.9) and high genomewide significance, explained a large proportion (52%) of the phenotypic variance in the severity of damage by Mycosphaerella cryptica, which may be indicative of oligogenic control. Both QTL were validated in a second F2 family and one was validated in a third F2 family. The mean values of different genotype classes at both major QTL argue for Mendelian inheritance with resistance dominant over susceptibility. There were strong correlations between the levels of Mycosphaerella damage in related genetic material planted in three widely separated locations in Tasmania. These findings together provide evidence that the genes controlling resistance to Mycosphaerella damage are stable in different genetic backgrounds and across different environments.

Age trends in genetic parameters for growth and wood density in Eucalyptus globulus

Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC

Date: 100

DOI: 10.1007/S11295-009-0239-4

Development of microsatellites using next-generation sequencing for Acacia crassicarpa

Publisher: Forest Research Institute Malaysia

Date: 25-04-2018

DOI: 10.26525/JTFS2018.30.2.252258

Microsatellites for use in Nothofagus cunninghamii (Nothofagaceae) and related species

Publisher: Wiley

Date: 12-2004

DOI: 10.1046/J.1471-8286.2003.00558.X

High synteny and colinearity among Eucalyptus genomes revealed by high-density comparative genetic mapping

Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC

Date: 17-11-2011

DOI: 10.1007/S11295-011-0444-9

A comparative analysis of population structure of a forest tree, Eucalyptus globulus (Myrtaceae), using microsatellite markers and quantitative traits

Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC

Date: 11-01-2006

DOI: 10.1007/S11295-005-0028-7

ITS Sequence Data Resolve Higher Level Relationships Among the Eucalypts

Publisher: Elsevier BV

Date: 07-1999

DOI: 10.1006/MPEV.1999.0612

Inbreeding depression and differential maladaptation shape the fitness trajectory of two co-occurring Eucalyptus species

Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC

Date: 30-01-2019

DOI: 10.1007/S13595-018-0796-5

Patterns of Reproductive Isolation inEucalyptus—A Phylogenetic Perspective

Publisher: Oxford University Press (OUP)

Date: 16-03-2015

DOI: 10.1093/MOLBEV/MSV063

Abstract: We assess phylogenetic patterns of hybridization in the speciose, ecologically and economically important genus Eucalyptus, in order to better understand the evolution of reproductive isolation. Eucalyptus globulus pollen was applied to 99 eucalypt species, mainly from the large commercially important subgenus, Symphyomyrtus. In the 64 species that produce seeds, hybrid compatibility was assessed at two stages, hybrid-production (at approximately 1 month) and hybrid-survival (at 9 months), and compared with phylogenies based on 8,350 genome-wide DArT ( ersity arrays technology) markers. Model fitting was used to assess the relationship between compatibility and genetic distance, and whether or not the strength of incompatibility "snowballs" with ergence. There was a decline in compatibility with increasing genetic distance between species. Hybridization was common within two closely related clades (one including E. globulus), but rare between E. globulus and species in two phylogenetically distant clades. Of three alternative models tested (linear, slowdown, and snowball), we found consistent support for a snowball model, indicating that the strength of incompatibility accelerates relative to genetic distance. Although we can only speculate about the genetic basis of this pattern, it is consistent with a Dobzhansky-Muller-model prediction that incompatibilities should snowball with ergence due to negative epistasis. Different rates of compatibility decline in the hybrid-production and hybrid-survival measures suggest that early-acting postmating barriers developed first and are stronger than later-acting barriers. We estimated that complete reproductive isolation can take up to 21-31 My in Eucalyptus. Practical implications for hybrid eucalypt breeding and genetic risk assessment in Australia are discussed.

Allozyme variation and conservation of the Tasmanian endemics, Eucalyptus risdonii, E. Tenuiramis and E. coccifera

Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC

Date: 2000

DOI: 10.1023/A:1011501720944

Detection and stability of quantitative trait loci (QTL) in Eucalyptus globulus

Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC

Date: 24-05-2008

DOI: 10.1007/S11295-007-0090-4

Unravelling the evolutionary history of Eucalyptus cordata (Myrtaceae) using molecular markers

Publisher: CSIRO Publishing

Date: 2014

DOI: 10.1071/BT14019

Abstract: We studied the evolutionary processes shaping the genetic ersity in the naturally fragmented Eucalyptus cordata, a rare homoblastic tree endemic to the island of Tasmania. A genome-wide scan showed that E. cordata and the endangered heteroblastic E. morrisbyi were closely related, suggesting a neotenous origin of E. cordata from an endemic heteroblastic ancestor. Bayesian cluster analysis based on nuclear microsatellites assayed in 567 E. cordata and E. morrisbyi in iduals revealed five genetic clusters. Two clusters comprised populations that correspond to putative ancestral gene pools linking E. cordata and E. morrisbyi. Another cluster included populations that transgressed the drowned Derwent River valley, suggestive of a wider glacial distribution. However, the majority of in iduals occurred in the two genetic clusters distributed in the south-west and north-east of the range of E. cordata. The elevated genetic ersity in populations comprising these clusters suggests that they represent two recently fragmented cores of the distribution. Genetic evidence suggests that the newly described, localised E. cordata subspecies quadrangulosa has been recently selected from within the morphologically erse, south-western cluster. We argue that multiple phases of isolation and drift have led to the contemporary pattern of molecular variation and the scattering of relictual and more recently derived populations across the species distribution.

Quantitative genetic parameters for yield, plant growth and cone chemical traits in hop (Humulus lupulus L.)

Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC

Date: 2014

DOI: 10.1186/1471-2156-15-22

Analysis of ESTs generated from inner bark tissue of an Acacia auriculiformis x Acacia mangium hybrid

Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC

Date: 12-08-2010

DOI: 10.1007/S11295-010-0321-Y

Gene flow between introduced and native Eucalyptus species

Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC

Date: 2002

DOI: 10.1023/A:1020389432492

Identification of a new noradrenaline induced gene in the rat heart by differential mRNA display

Publisher: Oxford University Press (OUP)

Date: 04-1995

DOI: 10.1016/0008-6363(96)88524-5

An AFLP marker approach to lower‐level systematics in Eucalyptus (Myrtaceae)

Publisher: Wiley

Date: 03-2008

DOI: 10.3732/AJB.95.3.368

Abstract: Genus Eucalyptus, with over 700 species, presents a number of systematic difficulties including taxa that hybridize or intergrade across environmental gradients. To date, no DNA marker has been found capable of resolving phylogeny below the sectional level in the major subgenera. Molecular markers are needed to support taxonomic revision, assess the extent of genetic ergence at lower taxonomic levels, and inform conservation efforts. We examined the utility of 930 lified fragment length polymorphisms (AFLPs) for analyzing relationships among Tasmanian taxa of subgenus Symphyomyrtus section Maidenaria. Phenetic and cladistic analyses resolved species into clusters demonstrating significant genetic partitioning, largely concordant with series defined in the most recent taxonomic revision of Eucalyptus. Some departures from current taxonomy were noted, indicating possible cases of morphological convergence and character reversion. Although the resolution obtained using AFLP was greatly superior to that of single sequence markers, the data demonstrated high homoplasy and incomplete resolution of closely related species. The results of this study and others are consistent with recent speciation and reticulate evolution in Maidenaria. We conclude that a combination of phylogenetic and population genetic approaches using multiple molecular markers offers the best prospects for understanding taxonomic relationships below the sectional level in Eucalyptus.

Chloroplast DNA phylogeography of Eucalyptus globulus

Publisher: CSIRO Publishing

Date: 2001

DOI: 10.1071/BT00094

Abstract: The pattern of variability in chloroplast DNA (cpDNA) of Eucalyptus globulus Labill. (Myrtaceae) was studied using 270 s les from southern Australia. Forty variable sequence characters were found, defining 105 haplotypes. Haplotypes were assigned to three major cpDNA clades based on their phylogeny. The pattern of cpDNA variation did not conform to subspecies boundaries however, there was a strong geographic structure to the distribution of clades and haplotypes. One clade (JC) was geographically central and widespread and was found in 163 s les from Tasmania and continental Australia. Less-common clades occurred in more localised regions—southern (Js, 77 s les) and eastern (Jet, 12 s les). The distribution of the J et and Js clades coincides with hypothesised glacial refugia in Tasmania, suggesting limited seed-mediated dispersal since deglaciation.

Assignment of parentage in triploid species using microsatellite markers with null alleles, an example from Pacific oysters (Crassostrea gigas)

Publisher: Hindawi Limited

Date: 26-09-2016

DOI: 10.1111/ARE.12588

Parallel evolution of dwarf ecotypes in the forest tree Eucalyptus globulus

Publisher: Wiley

Date: 18-04-2007

DOI: 10.1111/J.1469-8137.2007.02077.X

Abstract: Three small populations of a dwarf ecotype of the forest tree Eucalyptus globulus are found on exposed granite headlands in south-eastern Australia. These populations are separated by at least 100 km. Here, we used 12 nuclear microsatellites and a chloroplast DNA marker to investigate the genetic affinities of the dwarf populations to one another and to their nearest populations of tall E. globulus. Cape Tourville was studied in greater detail to assess the processes enabling the maintenance of distinct ecotypes in close geographical proximity. The three dwarf populations were not related to one another and were more closely related to adjacent tall trees than to one another. At Cape Tourville the dwarf and tall ecotypes were significantly differentiated in microsatellites and in chloroplast DNA. The dwarf and tall populations differed in flowering time and no evidence of pollen dispersal from the more extensive tall to the dwarf population was found. The three dwarf populations have evolved in parallel from the local tall ecotypes. This study shows that small marginal populations of eucalypts are capable of developing reproductive isolation from nearby larger populations through differences in flowering time and/or minor spatial separation, making parapatric speciation possible.

Gene flow between introduced and native Eucalyptus species: crossability of native Tasmanian species with exotic E. nitens

Publisher: CSIRO Publishing

Date: 2005

DOI: 10.1071/BT05021

Abstract: Eucalyptus nitens (Deane & Maiden) Maiden has been extensively introduced to the island of Tasmania for plantation purposes. Natural hybridisation with two native species has already been confirmed and this study aimed to determine which other Tasmanian native species could potentially hybridise with E. nitens. Controlled and supplementary pollinations with E. nitens pollen were undertaken on all Tasmanian native species that are potentially at risk of exotic gene flow and hence genetic pollution. Across the seven species tested by using controlled pollinations, seed set per flower, following E. nitens pollinations, was significantly less than for intraspecific outcross pollinations. No significant differences were evident in the percentage of seed that germinated or the percentage of germinants that grew into healthy seedlings in the glasshouse. Hybridity was verified by morphometric analyses and F1 hybrid seedlings were clearly differentiated from parental species and generally intermediate in morphology. Supplementary E. nitens pollination of open-pollinated native flowers was conducted to simulate natural pollination where pollen competition would occur. Seven of the fifteen species tested produced F1 hybrids in this case however, further crossing is required to verify failed cross combinations. Although E. nitens can potentially hybridise with many native species, the results from both supplementary and controlled pollinations suggest the presence of post-pollination barriers of varying strength that need to be considered in assessing the risk of exotic gene flow from plantations.

The origin of Eucalyptus vernicosa, a unique shrub eucalypt

Publisher: Oxford University Press (OUP)

Date: 11-2001

DOI: 10.1006/BIJL.2001.0588

Low but structured chloroplast diversity in Atherosperma moschatum (Atherospermataceae) suggests bottlenecks in response to the Pleistocene glacials

Publisher: Oxford University Press (OUP)

Date: 18-08-2011

DOI: 10.1093/AOB/MCR220

Higher-level relationships among the eucalypts are resolved by ITS-sequence data

Publisher: CSIRO Publishing

Date: 2002

DOI: 10.1071/SB00039

Abstract: This expanded survey of ITS sequences represents the largest analysis of molecular data ever attempted on Eucalyptus. Sequences of the internal transcribed spacer (ITS) region of the nuclear ribosomal DNA were included in an analysis of 90 species of Eucalyptus s.s. and 28 species representing eight other genera (Allosyncarpia, Angophora, Arillastrum, Corymbia, Eucalyptopsis, Stockwellia, Lophostemon and Metrosideros). The results of the study indicate that Angophora and Corymbia form a well-supported clade that is highly differentiated from Eucalyptus s.s. Corymbia species are ided between two clades, one of which may be the sister to Angophora. Allosyncarpia, Arillastrum, Eucalyptopsis and ‘Stockwellia’ are also highly differentiated from Eucalyptus s.s. If the genus Eucalyptus is to be expanded to include Angophora and Corymbia(sensu Brooker 2000), ITS data suggest that Allosyncarpia, Eucalyptopsis, ‘Stockwellia’ and potentially Arillastrum should also be included in Eucalyptus s.l. The ITS data suggest that subg. Symphyomyrtus is paraphyletic and that subg. Minutifructus should be included within it. Within subg.Symphyomyrtus, only sect. Maidenaria appears to be monophyletic. Sections Adnataria and Dumaria are probably monophyletic sections Exsertaria and Latoangulatae are very close and probably should be combined in a single section. Section Bisectae is polyphyletic and is ided into two distinct lineages. The phylogenetic groups depicted by ITS data are consistent with the frequency of natural inter-specific hybridisations as well as data from controlled crosses within subgenus Symphyomyrtus. The ITS data illustrate that subg. Idiogenes and western Australian monocalypts are early evolutionary lines relative to E. ersifolia, E. rubiginosa (monotypic subg. Primitiva) and the eastern monocalypts and that subg. Primitiva should be sunk into subg. Eucalyptus. Subgenus Eudesmia may be monophyletic, grouping with subgenera Idiogenes and Eucalyptus. Further work is required to confirm the phylogenetic positions of the monotypic subgenera Alveolata, Cruciformes, Acerosae and Cuboidea.

Chloroplast DNA evidence for reticulate evolution in Eucalyptus (Myrtaceae)

Publisher: Wiley

Date: 05-1999

DOI: 10.1046/J.1365-294X.1999.00614.X

Genome-wide variation in recombination rate in Eucalyptus

Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC

Date: 09-08-2016

DOI: 10.1186/S12864-016-2884-Y

Genetic pollution of native eucalypt gene pools—identifying the risks

Publisher: CSIRO Publishing

Date: 2003

DOI: 10.1071/BT02035

Abstract: The contamination of native-eucalypt gene pools via exotic pollen is of concern as (i) pollen dispersal is believed to be much more widespread than seed dispersal, (ii) reproductive barriers are often weak between closely related species, (iii) European settlement has already had a major impact on Australia's eucalypt woodlands and mallee, (iv) there has been a rapid expansion of eucalypt plantations and restoration plantings in Australia and (v) Australia is the custodian of an internationally important genetic resource. Pollen flow between plantation and native eucalypt species has already been reported and implementation of strategies to minimise the risk and consequences of genetic pollution is important if Australian forestry is to be considered sustainable. The risks associated with the introduction of non-native species, provenances and hybrids include direct effects on the gene pool through genetic pollution as well as indirect effects on dependent bio ersity. In many cases, the risk of genetic pollution will be small due to strong barriers to hybridisation between distantly related species, differences in flowering time or poor fitness of hybrids. There is no risk of hybridisation between species from the different major eucalypt genera and/or subgenera (e.g. symphyomyrts, monocalypts, eudesmids, bloodwoods and angophora). The main plantation species are symphyomyrts and within this subgenus, the probability of successful hybridisation generally decreases with increasing taxonomic distance between species. The planting of non-local provenances or improved material within the range of native populations has the potential to have an impact on local gene pools to varying degrees, indicating the requirement for the adoption of management strategies to reduce this risk. Naturally small or remnant populations are at particular risk. A framework for assessment of the risk of genetic pollution is developed herein.

Independent genetic control of drought resistance, recovery, and growth of Eucalyptus globulus seedlings

Publisher: Wiley

Date: 09-09-2020

DOI: 10.1111/PCE.13649

Abstract: Drought is a major stress impacting forest ecosystems worldwide. We utilized quantitative trait loci (QTL) analysis to study the genetic basis of variation in (a) drought resistance and recovery and (b) candidate traits that may be associated with this variation in the forest tree Eucalyptus globulus. QTL analysis was performed using a large outcrossed F

Climate adaptation and ecological restoration in eucalypts

Publisher: CSIRO Publishing

Date: 2016

DOI: 10.1071/RS16004

Abstract: Eucalypts are the cornerstone of ecological restoration efforts across the highly modified agricultural landscapes of southern Australia. ‘Local provenancing’ is the established strategy for sourcing germplasm for ecological restoration plantings, yet this approach gives little consideration to the persistence of these plantings under future climates. This paper provides a synopsis of recent and ongoing research that the authors are undertaking on climate adaptation in eucalypts, combining new genomic approaches with ecophysiological evidence from provenance trials. These studies explore how adaptive ersity is distributed within and among populations, whether populations are buffered against change through capacity for phenotypic plasticity, and how this informs provenancing strategies. Results to date suggest that eucalypts have some capacity to respond to future environmental instability through adaptive phenotypic plasticity or selection of putatively adaptive alleles. Despite this, growing evidence suggests that eucalypts will still be vulnerable to change. Provenancing strategies that exploit adaptations found in non-local provenances could thus confer greater climate-resilience in ecological restoration plantings, although they will also need to account for potential interactions between climate adaptations and other factors (e.g. cryptic evolutionary variation, non-climate-related adaptations, herbivory and elevated CO2).

Life cycle expression of inbreeding depression in Eucalyptus regnans and intergenerational stability of its mixed mating system

Publisher: Oxford University Press (OUP)

Date: 10-05-2019

DOI: 10.1093/AOB/MCZ059

Abstract: Many plants exhibit a mixed mating system. Published models suggest that this might be an evolutionarily stable rather than a transitional state despite the presence of inbreeding depression, but there is little empirical evidence. Through field experimentation, we studied the role of inbreeding depression in eliminating inbred progeny from the reproductive cohort of the forest tree Eucalyptus regnans, and demonstrate a stable mixed primary mating system over two successive generations. Two field experiments were conducted using seed from natural populations. We sowed open-pollinated seeds to simulate a natural regeneration event and determined isozyme genotypes of dominant and suppressed in iduals over 10 years. We also planted a mixture of open-pollinated, outcross and selfed families with common maternal parentage monitored survival of cross types over 29 years and determined the percentage of outcrosses in open-pollinated seed from a s le of reproductively mature trees using microsatellite analysis. Both experiments demonstrated progressive competitive elimination of inbred plants. By 29 years, the reproductive cohort in the planted experiment consisted only of outcrosses which produced seed which averaged 66 % outcrosses, similar to the estimate for the parental natural population (74 %). Selective elimination of inbred genotypes during the intense intra-specific competition characteristic of the pre-reproductive phase of the life cycle of E. regnans results in a fully outcrossed reproductive population, in which self-fertility is comparable with that of its parental generation. The mixed mating system may be viewed as an unavoidable consequence of the species’ reproductive ecology, which includes the demonstrated effects of inbreeding depression, rather than a strategy which is actively favoured by natural selection.

Managing Australia’s eucalypt gene pools: assessing the risk of exotic gene flow

Publisher: CSIRO Publishing

Date: 2016

DOI: 10.1071/RS16003

Abstract: Most eucalypts are endemic to Australia but they have been introduced into more than 100 countries and there are now over 20 million hectares of eucalypt plantations globally. These plantations are grown mainly for pulpwood but there is expanding interest in their use as a renewable source of solid wood products and energy. In Australia, the eucalypt plantation estate is nearing one million hectares, located mainly in temperate regions and dominated by Eucalyptus globulus and E. nitens (subgenus Symphyomyrtus), which are grown mainly outside their natural ranges. While eucalypt species from different major subgenera do not hybridise, hybrids within subgenera are often reported, including hybrids with plantation species. Concerns were raised in the late 1990s that pollen-mediated gene flow from locally exotic plantation eucalypts may affect the integrity of adjacent native eucalypt gene pools. As Australia is the centre-of-origin of most eucalypt species used in plantations around the world, exotic gene flow is one of the many issues that require management for industry sustainability and certification purposes. We here summarise over a decade of research aimed at providing the framework and biological data to help assess and manage the risk of gene flow from these plantations into native gene pools in Australia.

Origine et diversité génétique de la race locale portugaise d’Eucalyptus globulus

Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC

Date: 2007

DOI: 10.1051/FOREST:2007042

Evidence for adaptation and acclimation in a widespread eucalypt of semi-arid Australia

Publisher: Oxford University Press (OUP)

Date: 30-03-2017

DOI: 10.1093/BIOLINNEAN/BLW051

Quantitative trait loci for key defensive compounds affecting herbivory of eucalypts in Australia

Publisher: Wiley

Date: 25-03-2008

DOI: 10.1111/J.1469-8137.2008.02417.X

Abstract: * Formylated phloroglucinols (FPCs) are key defensive compounds that influence herbivory by mammals and arthropods in eucalypts. However, the genetic architecture underlying variation in their levels remains poorly understood. * Quantitative trait loci (QTL) analysis for the concentrations of two major FPCs, sideroxylonal A and macrocarpal G, was conducted using juvenile leaves from 112 clonally duplicated progenies from an outcross F2 of Eucalyptus globulus. * Two unlinked QTL were located for macrocarpal, while another unlinked QTL was located for sideroxylonal. The sideroxylonal QTL collocated with one for total sideroxylonal previously reported using adult Eucalyptus nitens foliage, providing independent validation in a different evolutionary lineage and a different ontogenetic stage. * Given the potential widespread occurrence of these QTL, their ontogenetic stability, and their impact on a range of dependent herbivores, it is possible that they have extended phenotypic effects in the Australian forest landscape.

R-based image analysis to quantify checking and shrinkage from wood wedges

Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC

Date: 24-05-2021

DOI: 10.1007/S00107-021-01715-0

The breeding systems of diploid and neoautotetraploid clones of Acacia mangium Willd. in a synthetic sympatric population in Vietnam

Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC

Date: 04-08-2012

DOI: 10.1007/S00497-012-0195-2

Abstract: Colchicine-induced neoautotetraploid genotypes of Acacia mangium were cloned and planted in mixture with a set of diploid clones in an orchard in southern Vietnam. Following good general flowering, open-pollinated seed was collected from trees of both cytotypes and microsatellite markers were used to determine the breeding system as characterised by the proportion of outcrosses in young seedling progeny. As predicted from the literature, the progeny of diploid clones were predominantly outcrossed (t(m) = 0.97). In contrast, the progeny of the tetraploid clones were almost entirely selfs (t(m) = 0.02 3 of 161 seedlings assayed were tetraploid outcrosses and there were no triploids). Segregation at loci heterozygous in the tetraploid mothers followed expected ratios, indicating sexual reproduction rather than apomixis. Post-zygotic factors are primarily responsible for ergence of the breeding systems. Commonly, less than 1 % of Acacia flowers mature as a pod, and after mixed pollination, diploid outcrossed seed normally develops at the expense of selfs. Selfs of the tetraploid trees appear to express less genetic load and have a higher probability of maturing. However, this does not fully explain the observed deficiency of outcross tetraploid progeny. Presumably, there are cytogenetic reasons which remain to be investigated. In nature, selfing would increase the probability of establishment of neotetraploids irrespective of cytotype frequency in the population. Breeders need to review their open-pollinated breeding and seed production strategies. It remains to be seen whether this is an ephemeral problem, with strong fertility selection restoring potential for outcrossing over generations.

Genetic diversity and pedigree assignment in tetraploid Pacific oysters (Crassostrea gigas)

Publisher: Elsevier BV

Date: 09-2014

DOI: 10.1016/J.AQUACULTURE.2014.06.025

Genetic control of cuticular wax compounds in Eucalyptus globulus

Publisher: Wiley

Date: 11-08-2016

DOI: 10.1111/NPH.13600

Abstract: Plant cuticular wax compounds perform functions that are essential for the survival of terrestrial plants. Despite their importance, the genetic control of these compounds is poorly understood outside of model taxa. Here we investigate the genetic basis of variation in cuticular compounds in Eucalyptus globulus using quantitative genetic and quantitative trait loci ( QTL ) analyses. Quantitative genetic analysis was conducted using 246 open‐pollinated progeny from 13 native sub‐races throughout the geographic range. QTL analysis was conducted using 112 clonally replicated progeny from an outcross F 2 population. Nine compounds exhibited significant genetic variation among sub‐races with three exhibiting signals of ersifying selection. Fifty‐two QTL were found with co‐location of QTL for related compounds commonly observed. Notable among these was the QTL for five wax esters, which co‐located with a gene from the KCS family, previously implicated in the biosynthesis of cuticular waxes in Arabidopsis. In combination, the QTL and quantitative genetic analyses suggest the variation and differentiation in cuticular wax compounds within E. globulus has a complex genetic origin. Sub‐races exhibited independent latitudinal and longitudinal differentiation in cuticular wax compounds, likely reflecting processes such as historic gene flow and ersifying selection acting upon genes that have erse functions in distinct biochemical pathways.

Stability of quantitative trait loci for growth and wood properties across multiple pedigrees and environments in Eucalyptus globulus

Publisher: Wiley

Date: 20-03-2013

DOI: 10.1111/NPH.12237

Abstract: Eucalypts are one of the most planted tree genera worldwide, and there is increasing interest in marker‐assisted selection for tree improvement. Implementation of marker‐assisted selection requires a knowledge of the stability of quantitative trait loci ( QTL s). This study aims to investigate the stability of QTL s for wood properties and growth across contrasting sites and multiple pedigrees of E ucalyptus globulus . Saturated linkage maps were constructed using 663 genotypes from four separate families, grown at three widely separated sites, and were employed to construct a consensus map. This map was used for QTL analysis of growth, wood density and wood chemical traits, including pulp yield. Ninety‐eight QTL s were identified across families and sites: 87 for wood properties and 11 for growth. These QTL s mapped to 38 discrete regions, some of which co‐located with candidate genes. Although 16% of QTL s were verified across different families, 24% of wood property QTL s and 38% of growth QTL s exhibited significant genotype‐by‐environment interaction. This study provides the most detailed assessment of the effect of environment and pedigree on QTL detection in the genus. Despite markedly different environments and pedigrees, many QTL s were stable, providing promising targets for the application of marker‐assisted selection.

Molecular genetic diversity and population structure in Eucalyptus pauciflora subsp. pauciflora (Myrtaceae) on the island of Tasmania

Publisher: CSIRO Publishing

Date: 2014

DOI: 10.1071/BT14036

Abstract: Genetic ersity and population structure of Tasmanian populations of Eucalyptus pauciflora were assessed using chloroplast and nuclear microsatellite markers. Maternal trees and open-pollinated progeny from 37 populations were s led across the species’ geographic and altitudinal distribution in Tasmania. The distribution of chloroplast haplotype richness showed a clear geographic structure with suggestion of three major refugia (Storm Bay, Tamar Valley and St Pauls River Valley), two of which are consistent with previously reported glacial refugia. Chloroplast haplotype affinities provided evidence of migration of populations from the north and east towards the south and west of Tasmania. High nuclear microsatellite ersity was observed across the species’ range. Most of this variation was distributed within populations with low but significant FST, suggesting high gene flow among populations that is more pronounced in mature stands. Higher nuclear genetic ersity in newly colonised areas compared with lowland putative refugial regions, and the converse in chloroplast DNA markers, suggest limited seed dispersal into newly colonised regions combined with high pollen flow between different source populations in newly colonised areas. Our results do not support the suggestion that highland populations of E. pauciflora originate from in situ high-altitude refugia, but instead argue they originate from lowland refugia.

Novel insights into karyotype evolution and whole genome duplications in legumes

Publisher: Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory

Date: 08-01-2017

DOI: 10.1101/099044

Abstract: Legumes (family Fabaceae) are globally important crops due to their nitrogen fixing ability. Papilionoideae, the best-studied subfamily, have undergone a Whole Genome Duplication (WGD) around 59 million years ago. Recent study found varying WGD ages in subfamilies Mimosoideae and Caesalpinioideae and proposed multiple occurrences of WGD across the family based on gene duplication patterns. Despite that, the genome evolution of legume ancestor into modern legumes after the WGD is not well-understood. We aimed to study genome evolution at the subfamily level using gene-based linkage maps for Acacia auriculiformis and A. mangium (Mimosoideae) and we discovered evidence for a WGD event in Acacia . In additional to synonymous substitution rate (Ks) analysis, we used ancestral karyotype prediction to further corroborate this WGD and elucidate underlying mechanisms of karyotype evolution in Fabaceae. Using publicly available transcriptome resources from 25 species across the family Fabaceae and 2 species from order Fabales, we found that the variations in WGD ages highly correlate (R=0.8606, p-value .00001) with the ergence age of Vitis vinifera as an outgroup. If the variation of Ks is corrected, the age of WGDs of the family Fabaceae should be the same and therefore, parsimony would favour a single WGD near the base of Fabaceae over multiple independent WGDs across Fabaceae. In addition, we demonstrated that genome comparison of Papilionoideae with other subfamily provide important insights in understanding genome evolution in legumes.

Postmating barriers to hybridization between an island’s native eucalypts and an introduced congener

Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC

Date: 18-03-2016

DOI: 10.1007/S11295-016-0979-X

Genetic structure of aMycosphaerella crypticapopulation

Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC

Date: 2005

DOI: 10.1071/AP05044

Assessing the risk of pollen-mediated gene flow from exotic Eucalyptus globulus plantations into native eucalypt populations of Australia

Publisher: Elsevier BV

Date: 04-2008

DOI: 10.1016/J.BIOCON.2007.12.016

Cross-species amplification of Eucalyptus microsatellite loci

Publisher: Wiley

Date: 29-10-2008

DOI: 10.1111/J.1755-0998.2008.02362.X

Abstract: This study examined the interspecific lification of nuclear microsatellite loci developed mainly for eucalypts in the subgenus Symphyomyrtus across five species within the second most speciose subgenus, subgenus Eucalyptus. A set of eight to 10 loci, depending on taxon, have been identified that are highly variable and easily scored. The successful transfer of microsatellite loci to these eucalypt species sidesteps the expensive and time-consuming development of species-specific microsatellite libraries. This primer set will enable the examination and cross-species comparison of the genetic resources of commercially and ecologically important members of the subgenus Eucalyptus.

Inheritance of new genetic markers in lentil (Lens Miller)

Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC

Date: 1992

DOI: 10.1007/BF00046053

Detection and visualization of spatial genetic structure in continuous Eucalyptus globulus forest

Publisher: Wiley

Date: 02-2007

DOI: 10.1111/J.1365-294X.2006.03180.X

Climate Adaptation, Drought Susceptibility, and Genomic-Informed Predictions of Future Climate Refugia for the Australian Forest Tree Eucalyptus globulus

Publisher: MDPI AG

Date: 05-04-2022

DOI: 10.3390/F13040575

Abstract: Understanding the capacity of forest tree species to adapt to climate change is of increasing importance for managing forest genetic resources. Through a genomics approach, we modelled spatial variation in climate adaptation within the Australian temperate forest tree Eucalyptus globulus, identified putative climate drivers of this genomic variation, and predicted locations of future climate refugia and populations at-risk of future maladaptation. Using 812,158 SNPs across 130 in iduals from 30 populations (i.e., localities) spanning the species’ natural range, a gradientForest algorithm found 1177 SNPs associated with locality variation in home-site climate (climate-SNPs), putatively linking them to climate adaptation. Very few climate-SNPs were associated with population-level variation in drought susceptibility, signalling the multi-faceted nature and complexity of climate adaptation. Redundancy analysis (RDA) showed 24% of the climate-SNP variation could be explained by annual precipitation, isothermality, and maximum temperature of the warmest month. Spatial predictions of the RDA climate vectors associated with climate-SNPs allowed mapping of genomically informed climate selective surfaces across the species’ range under contemporary and projected future climates. These surfaces suggest over 50% of the current distribution of E. globulus will be outside the modelled adaptive range by 2070 and at risk of climate maladaptation. Such surfaces present a new integrated approach for natural resource managers to capture adaptive genetic variation and plan translocations in the face of climate change.

Pollen dispersal from exotic eucalypt plantations

Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC

Date: 03-2005

DOI: 10.1007/S10592-004-7849-Z

GENETIC VARIATION AMONG STRAINS OF THE TOXIC DINOFLAGELLATE GYMNODINIUM CATENATUM (DINOPHYCEAE)

Publisher: Wiley

Date: 04-1999

DOI: 10.1046/J.1529-8817.1999.3520356.X

High density, genome-wide markers and intra-specific replication yield an unprecedented phylogenetic reconstruction of a globally significant, speciose lineage of Eucalyptus

Publisher: Elsevier BV

Date: 12-2016

DOI: 10.1016/J.YMPEV.2016.08.009

Abstract: We used genome-wide markers and an unprecedented scale of s ling to construct a phylogeny for a globally significant Eucalyptus lineage that has been impacted by hybridisation, recent radiation and morphological convergence. Our approach, using 3109 DArT markers distributed throughout the genome and 540 s les covering 185 terminal taxa in sections Maidenaria, Exsertaria, Latoangulatae and related smaller sections, with multiple geographically widespread s les per terminal taxon, produced a phylogeny that largely matched the morphological treatment of sections, though sections Exsertaria and Latoangulatae were polyphyletic. At lower levels there were numerous inconsistencies between the morphological treatment and the molecular phylogeny, and taxa within the three main sections were generally not monophyletic at the series (at least 62% polyphyly) or species (at least 52% polyphyly) level. Some of the discrepancies appear to be the result of morphological convergence or misclassifications, and we propose some taxonomic reassessments to address this. However, many inconsistencies appear to be the products of incomplete speciation and/or hybridisation. Our analysis represents a significant advance on previous phylogenies of these important eucalypt sections (which have mainly used single s les to represent each species), thus providing a robust phylogenetic framework for evolutionary and ecological studies.

Population and phylogenetic analysis of the cinnamoyl coA reductase gene in Eucalyptus globulus (Myrtaceae)

Publisher: CSIRO Publishing

Date: 2005

DOI: 10.1071/BT04195

Abstract: Low-copy number nuclear genes are currently emerging as new markers for phylogenetic and phylogeographic analysis. This study used the single-copy gene for cinnamoyl coA reductase (CCR) to gain insights into the evolutionary history of the forest tree Eucalyptus globulus Labill. (subgenus Symphyomyrtus, section Maidenaria). A population analysis based on CCR restriction fragments from E. globulus was combined with a phylogenetic analysis of 1.5 kb of CCR sequence from the major haplotypes. Two highly ergent CCR lineages were found in E. globulus. One lineage was prominent throughout the species’ range and was identified in 16 other Maidenaria species by restriction analysis. The second lineage, which was prominent in the northern part of the species’ range, was found only in species of the E. globulus complex and surprisingly showed homology to CCR from Eucalyptus saligna Smith (subgenus Symphyomyrtus, section Latoangulatae). This finding may reflect either incomplete lineage sorting in CCR, or reticulate evolution. No statistically significant phylogeographic structure (geographic clustering of closely related haplotypes) was detected. However, patterns of CCR haplotypic ersity were congruent with patterns of chloroplast DNA ersity in several respects, and ided the range of E. globulus into four regions, supporting (1) former gene flow between King Island and western Tasmania, (2) gene flow between northern Tasmania, the Furneaux Group and Victoria, and (3) a genetic disjunction between north-eastern and south-eastern Tasmania, consistent with separate histories for these two regions.

Quantitative trait loci in hop (Humulus lupulus L.) reveal complex genetic architecture underlying variation in sex, yield and cone chemistry

Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC

Date: 2013

DOI: 10.1186/1471-2164-14-360

Genetic control of kraft pulp yield in Eucalyptus globulus

Publisher: Canadian Science Publishing

Date: 05-2010

DOI: 10.1139/X10-035

Abstract: Pulp yield is an important breeding objective for Eucalyptus globulus Labill., but evaluation of its genetic control and genetic correlations with other traits has been limited by its high assessment cost. We used near infrared spectroscopy to study genetic variation in pulp yield and other traits in a 16-year-old E. globulus trial. Pulp yield was predicted for 2165 trees from 467 open-pollinated families from 17 geographic subraces. Significant differences between subraces and between families within subraces were detected for all traits. The high pulp yield of southern Tasmanian subraces suggested that their economic worth was previously underestimated. The narrow-sense heritability of pulp yield was medium (0.40). The significant positive genetic correlation between pulp yield and diameter (0.52) was at odds with the generally neutral values reported. The average of the reported genetic correlations between pulp yield and basic density (0.50) was also at odds with our nonsignificant estimate. Pulp yield of the subraces increased with increasing latitude, producing a negative correlation with density (–0.58). The absence of genetic correlations within subraces between pulp yield and density suggests that the correlation may be an independent response of the two traits to the same or different selection gradients that vary with latitude.

Genetic variation inEucalyptus globulusfor susceptibility toMycosphaerella nubilosaand its association with tree growth

Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC

Date: 2005

DOI: 10.1071/AP04073

Genetic differentiation in spite of high gene flow in the dominant rainforest tree of southeastern Australia, Nothofagus cunninghamii

Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC

Date: 09-09-2016

DOI: 10.1038/HDY.2015.77

What does population structure analysis reveal about the Pterostylis longifolia complex (Orchidaceae)?

Publisher: Wiley

Date: 21-09-2012

DOI: 10.1002/ECE3.376

Lack of isozyme similarity between Vigna unguiculata and other species of subgenus vigna (leguminosae)

Publisher: Canadian Science Publishing

Date: 04-1993

DOI: 10.1139/B93-066

Abstract: The cowpea (Vigna unguiculata (L.) Walp.) is an important crop of tropical Africa, Asia, and South America. However, the relationship between the cowpea and other species of subg. Vigna is relatively unknown. The objective of this study was to assess the genetic distance among species of subg. Vigna using isozymes. Twenty-four populations of the cowpea species and 39 populations from 10 other species (at least one species per section of subgenus Vigna) were s led. Nei's genetic distance was calculated from allelic frequencies at 26 isozyme loci. UPGMA cluster analysis was performed. The range of genetic distance among species of subg. Vigna (0.41 – 2.69) was greater than previously reported in most plant genera. Three clusters of species were apparent. The first cluster included three species of sect. Vigna (V. luteola, V. oblongifolia, and V. subterranea (the Bambara groundnut)). The second cluster grouped together sections Liebrechtsia and Macrodontae. The third cluster included V. unguiculata, V. reticulata, and V. vexillata. The distances between species of this cluster were large and of similar size in all combinations (range from 0.92 to 0.95). None of the species included in this survey can be called a close relative of V. unguiculata. Key words: Vigna, cowpea, isozymes, genetic distances.

A chloroplast DNA hypervariable region in eucalypts

Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC

Date: 08-2000

DOI: 10.1007/S001220051505

Genomic Research in Eucalyptus

Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC

Date: 09-2005

DOI: 10.1007/S10709-005-5082-4

Abstract: Eucalyptus L'Hérit. is a genus comprised of more than 700 species that is of vital importance ecologically to Australia and to the forestry industry world-wide, being grown in plantations for the production of solid wood products as well as pulp for paper. With the sequencing of the genomes of Arabidopsis thaliana and Oryza sativa and the recent completion of the first tree genome sequence, Populus trichocarpa, attention has turned to the current status of genomic research in Eucalyptus. For several eucalypt species, large segregating families have been established, high-resolution genetic maps constructed and large EST databases generated. Collaborative efforts have been initiated for the integration of erse genomic projects and will provide the framework for future research including exploiting the sequence of the entire eucalypt genome which is currently being sequenced. This review summarises the current position of genomic research in Eucalyptus and discusses the direction of future research.

Evidence for different QTL underlying the immune and hypersensitive responses of Eucalyptus globulus to the rust pathogen Puccinia psidii

Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC

Date: 11-04-2016

DOI: 10.1007/S11295-016-0987-X

Effect of forest fragmentation and altitude on the mating system of Eucalyptus pauciflora (Myrtaceae)

Publisher: CSIRO Publishing

Date: 2013

DOI: 10.1071/BT13259

Abstract: Habitat fragmentation is a key factor causing variation in important mating system parameters in plants, but its effect is variable. We studied mating system variation among 276 native trees from 37 populations of Eucalyptus pauciflora from Tasmania. We assayed 10 microsatellite loci from 1359 open-pollinated progeny from these trees. Across Tasmania the species’ mating system was characterised by a high outcrossing rate (tm = 0.90) but moderate bi-parental inbreeding (tm–ts = 0.16) and moderate correlated paternity (rP = 0.20) in comparison to other eucalypt species. Despite significant differences in outcrossing rate and correlated paternity among populations, this variation was not correlated with fragmentation. Nevertheless, fragmentation was inversely correlated with the number of germinants per gram of seed capsule content. Outcrossing rate had been reported previously to decrease with increasing altitude in mainland populations of E. pauciflora, but this was not the case in Tasmania. However, a small but significant decrease in correlated paternity occurred with increasing altitude and a decrease in bi-parental inbreeding with increasing altitude was evident in fragmented populations only. It is argued that strong, but incomplete self-incompatibility mechanisms may buffer the mating system from changes in population density and pollinators. While seed yields from highly fragmented populations were reduced, in most cases the seed obtained is unlikely to be more inbred than that from non-fragmented populations and, thus, is likely to be as suitable for use in local forest restoration.

Corrigendum to: TURNER REVIEW No. 6 Genetic pollution of native eucalypt gene pools—identifying the risks

Publisher: CSIRO Publishing

Date: 2003

DOI: 10.1071/BT02035_CO

Abstract: The contamination of native-eucalypt gene pools via exotic pollen is of concern as (i) pollen dispersal is believed to be much more widespread than seed dispersal, (ii) reproductive barriers are often weak between closely related species, (iii) European settlement has already had a major impact on Australia's eucalypt woodlands and mallee, (iv) there has been a rapid expansion of eucalypt plantations and restoration plantings in Australia and (v) Australia is the custodian of an internationally important genetic resource. Pollen flow between plantation and native eucalypt species has already been reported and implementation of strategies to minimise the risk and consequences of genetic pollution is important if Australian forestry is to be considered sustainable. The risks associated with the introduction of non-native species, provenances and hybrids include direct effects on the gene pool through genetic pollution as well as indirect effects on dependent bio ersity. In many cases, the risk of genetic pollution will be small due to strong barriers to hybridisation between distantly related species, differences in flowering time or poor fitness of hybrids. There is no risk of hybridisation between species from the different major eucalypt genera and/or subgenera (e.g. symphyomyrts, monocalypts, eudesmids, bloodwoods and angophora). The main plantation species are symphyomyrts and within this subgenus, the probability of successful hybridisation generally decreases with increasing taxonomic distance between species. The planting of non-local provenances or improved material within the range of native populations has the potential to have an impact on local gene pools to varying degrees, indicating the requirement for the adoption of management strategies to reduce this risk. Naturally small or remnant populations are at particular risk. A framework for assessment of the risk of genetic pollution is developed herein.

Microsatellite and morphological analysis ofEucalyptus globuluspopulations

Publisher: Canadian Science Publishing

Date: 2002

DOI: 10.1139/X01-172

Abstract: Eucalyptus globulus Labill. is native to southeastern Australia and is the most important temperate hardwood plantation species in the world. It consists of four subspecies that are morphologically and geographically distinct but that are linked by morphologically and geographically intermediate populations. The Jeeralang provenance, an intermediate population from southeastern Victoria, is an important source of seed for plantations and genetic material for breeding programs because of its superior growth and wood density. To determine the genetic affinities of this provenance, 154 trees from three subspecies and the Jeeralang provenance were s led. Analysis of 12 morphological characters verified that the Jeeralang provenance is intermediate between subspecies bicostata (Maiden, Blakely, & J. Simm.) Kirkpatr., globulus and pseudoglobulus (Naudin ex Maiden) Kirkpatr., with in iduals having closest affinities to either ssp. globulus or ssp. bicostata. However, eight microsatellite loci showed that the Jeeralang provenance has greater affinities to Victorian ssp. globulus to which it is geographically closest. In contrast, Tasmanian and Victorian ssp. globulus are morphologically similar yet appear to be distinct at the molecular level. This study emphasizes the importance of using traits that are unlikely to be influenced by selection when determining the origin and affinities of populations.

The major Australian cool temperate rainforest tree Nothofagus cunninghamii withstood Pleistocene glacial aridity within multiple regions: evidence from the chloroplast

Publisher: Wiley

Date: 27-03-2009

DOI: 10.1111/J.1469-8137.2008.02761.X

Abstract: Glacial aridity of the Pleistocene was inhospitable for the cool temperate rainforest tree Nothofagus cunninghamii over most of its current range in southeastern Australia, particularly in eastern Tasmania. A chloroplast DNA phylogeographic study was undertaken to investigate whether this species was likely to have survived in situ or conforms to a dispersal model of postglacial recovery. Twenty-three chloroplast haplotypes were identified by PCR-RFLP and direct sequencing of 2164 base pairs from 213 N. cunninghamii in iduals collected in a range-wide survey. Fine-scale haplotype distribution was investigated using PCR-RFLP in eastern Tasmania. Deep chloroplast ergence occurred in N. cunninghamii. The single haplotype of the sister species, N. moorei, was nested among N. cunninghamii haplotypes. The distribution of N. cunninghamii haplotypes supports: multiple glacial refugia in coastal and inland western Tasmania, the centre of haplotype ersity glacial survival in the central highlands of Victoria, corroborating pollen data and the long-term occupation of eastern Tasmania because of the presence of a unique deeply erged chloroplast lineage. Nothofagus cunninghamii withstood glacial aridity within multiple regions in apparently nonequable climates. This finding contributes to a growing understanding of how the resilience of temperate species during glacial periods has shaped modern biota.

Sequence variation in two lignin biosynthesis genes, cinnamoyl CoA reductase (CCR) and cinnamyl alcohol dehydrogenase 2 (CAD2)

Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC

Date: 2003

DOI: 10.1023/A:1026006828721

Breeding polyploid varieties of acacia: Reproductive and early growth characteristics of the allotetraploid hybrid (acacia mangium × a. auriculiformis) in comparison with diploid progenitors

Publisher: MDPI AG

Date: 13-06-2021

DOI: 10.3390/F12060778

Abstract: Diploid clones of the hybrid acacia (Acacia mangium × A. auriculiformis) are widely planted in Vietnam because of their high productivity, adaptability, and commercial wood yields. Polyploid breeding offers possibilities for further enhancing hybrid vigor and generating new high value genotypes. In a field trial, we compared three diploid hybrid clones with their respective colchicine-induced tetraploid lines. Flowering and seed production of each cytotype were observed and open pollinated seed collected for determination of outcrossing rate and ploidy, inbreeding depression and marker inheritance in the progeny. Comparisons are also made with published characteristics of autotetraploids derived from A. mangium. Compared with their corresponding diploid cytotypes, the allotetraploids flowered slightly later but more intensely produced the same number of seeds per pod but larger seeds and showed a greatly reduced level of outcrossing (an average of 14% compared with 87%). Inbreeding depression for height growth was less for progeny from the allotetraploid lines (17%) than for those from the original diploids (33%). 96% of seeds from the allotetraploid clones were also tetraploid, but we observed triploids at low frequency at both the seed and field progeny stages. The segregation of the molecular markers in outcrossed allotetraploid progenies demonstrated both disomic and tetrasomic inheritance, indicating that the hybrid behaves as a segmental allotetraploid. Results suggest that an open pollinated breeding strategy is a practical option for improving polyploid acacia hybrids.

A microsatellite study on outcrossing rates and contamination in an Eucalyptus globulus breeding arboretum

Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC

Date: 06-2008

DOI: 10.1007/S11676-008-0023-6

A latitudinal cline in disease resistance of a host tree

Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC

Date: 05-12-2013

DOI: 10.1038/HDY.2012.106

Microsatellite and cpDNA variation in island and mainland populations of a regionally rare eucalypt, Eucalyptus perriniana (Myrtaceae)

Publisher: CSIRO Publishing

Date: 2007

DOI: 10.1071/BT06203

Abstract: Eucalyptus perriniana F.Muell. ex Rodway is distributed over a wide geographic range in south-eastern Australia as a series of small and isolated populations. In Tasmania, there are only three known populations that are separated by 511 km from the closest population on mainland Australia, which is one of the largest disjunctions observed for any eucalypt species. This project utilised eight nuclear microsatellites and one chloroplast DNA marker to study the genetic ersity in E. perriniana and determine the affinities between the populations. In all, 302 in iduals in nine populations across the whole range of the species were s led. The overall nuclear microsatellite ersity in E. perriniana (Ht = 0.85), as well as the ersity in each population (He = 0.73), was comparable to that found in widespread eucalypt species that have much larger population sizes. The microsatellites revealed that the isolated Tasmanian populations were significantly differentiated from mainland populations (FST between regions = 0.08), although the mainland Baw Baw population was the most differentiated. Most populations harboured different chloroplast DNA haplotypes, but in general, there were more mutational differences among haplotypes found in Tasmania than between Tasmanian and mainland populations. The Tasmanian populations often shared chloroplast DNA haplotypes with other eucalypts from south-eastern Tasmania. In conclusion, the populations of E. perriniana are genetically variable and significantly differentiated, with geographic separation being a poor predictor of the amount of genetic ergence. The most ergent populations are those in Tasmania and on Mt Baw Baw and their conservation is important to capture the genetic ersity in the species.

Genetic effects of forest management practices: Global synthesis and perspectives

Publisher: Elsevier BV

Date: 12-2014

DOI: 10.1016/J.FORECO.2014.06.008

Glacial refugia and reticulate evolution: the case of the Tasmanian eucalypts

Publisher: The Royal Society

Date: 29-02-2004

DOI: 10.1098/RSTB.2003.1391

Abstract: Tasmania is a natural laboratory for investigating the evolutionary processes of the Quaternary. It is a large island lying 40–44° S, which was repeatedly glaciated and linked to southeastern continental Australia during the Quaternary. Climate change promoted both the isolation of species in glacial refugia, and an exchange between Tasmanian and mainland floras. Eucalyptus is a complex and erse genus, which has increased in abundance in Australia over the past 100 kyr, probably in response to higher fire frequency. Morphological evidence suggests that gene flow may have occurred between many eucalypt species after changes in their distribution during the Quaternary. This paper summarizes recent genetic evidence for migration and introgressive hybridization in Tasmanian Eucalyptus . Maternally inherited chloroplast DNA reveals a long–term persistence of eucalypts in southeastern Tasmanian refugia, coupled with introgressive hybridization involving many species. Detailed analysis of the widespread species Eucalyptus globulus suggests that migration from mainland Australia was followed by introgression involving a rare Tasmanian endemic. The data support the hypothesis that changes in distribution of interfertile species during the Quaternary have promoted reticulate evolution in Eucalyptus .

Mycosphaerella species occurring on Eucalyptus globulus and Eucalyptus nitens plantations of Tasmania, Australia

Publisher: Wiley

Date: 03-02-2001

DOI: 10.1046/J.1439-0329.2001.00222.X

Genetic Variation in the Chemical Components of Eucalyptus globulus Wood

Publisher: Oxford University Press (OUP)

Date: 07-2011

DOI: 10.1534/G3.111.000372

Abstract: Despite the ecological and economic importance of lignin and other wood chemical components, there are few studies of the natural genetic variation that exists within plant species and its adaptive significance. We used models developed from near infra-red spectroscopy to study natural genetic variation in lignin content and monomer composition (syringyl-to-guaiacyl ratio [S/G]) as well as cellulose and extractives content, using a 16-year-old field trial of an Australian tree species, Eucalyptus globulus. We s led 2163 progenies of 467 native trees from throughout the native geographic range of the species. The narrow-sense heritability of wood chemical traits (0.25–0.44) was higher than that of growth (0.15), but less than wood density (0.51). All wood chemical traits exhibited significant broad-scale genetic differentiation (QST = 0.34–0.43) across the species range. This differentiation exceeded that detected with putatively neutral microsatellite markers (FST = 0.09), arguing that ersifying selection has shaped population differentiation in wood chemistry. There were significant genetic correlations among these wood chemical traits at the population and additive genetic levels. However, population differentiation in the S/G ratio of lignin in particular was positively correlated with latitude (R2 = 76%), which may be driven by either adaptation to climate or associated biotic factors.

Genetic parameters for growth, wood density and pulp yield in Eucalyptus globulus

Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC

Date: 05-09-2008

DOI: 10.1007/S11295-008-0174-9

Embedding genetics experiments in restoration to guide plant choice for a degraded landscape with a changing climate

Publisher: Wiley

Date: 12-2021

DOI: 10.1111/EMR.12474

Abstract: We overview an array of common garden genetics trials established across multiple sites and embedded in restoration plantings in the harsh, modified Midlands region of the island of Tasmania, Australia. The steps in establishing the common gardens, the ersity of experimental designs employed and their objectives are described. These trials provide a long‐term framework to test species choices and provenancing strategies, as well as enhance our understanding of adaptive genetic variation within key eucalypt species used for ecological restoration. Early results signal genetic‐based differences in early‐age performance, and we showcase the multiple benefits of integrating research infrastructure into restoration plantings.

Isozyme diversity in the cowpea species complex

Publisher: Wiley

Date: 05-1993

DOI: 10.2135/CROPSCI1993.0011183X003300030037X

Progress in Myrtaceae genetics and genomics: Eucalyptus as the pivotal genus

Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC

Date: 15-04-2012

DOI: 10.1007/S11295-012-0491-X

Abstract: The status of genomics and genetics research in the Myrtaceae, a large family of dicotyledonous woody plants, is reviewed with Eucalyptus as the focal genus. The family contains over 5,650 species in 130 to 150 genera, predominantly of neo-tropical and Southern Hemisphere distribution. Several genera are well known for their economic importance worldwide. Myrtaceae are typically diploids with small to intermediate genome size. Microsatellites have been developed for several genera while higher throughput marker systems such as ersity arrays technology and single nucleotide polymorphism are available for Eucalyptus . Molecular data have been fundamental to current perspectives on the phylogeny, phylogeography and taxonomy of the Myrtaceae, while numerous studies of genetic ersity have been carried out particularly as it relates to endangered, rare, fragmented, overharvested or economically important species. Large expressed sequence tag collections for species of Eucalyptus have recently become public to support the annotation of the Eucalyptus grandis genome. Transcriptomics in Eucalyptus has advanced by microarrays and next-generation sequencing focusing on wood development. Linkage maps for Eucalyptus display high synteny across species and have been extensively used to map quantitative trait loci for a number of traits including growth, wood quality, disease and insect resistance. Candidate gene-based association genetics have successfully found marker–trait associations for wood and fiber traits. Genomic selection experiments have demonstrated clear potential to improve the efficiency of breeding programs while freeze-tolerant transgenic Eucalyptus trials have recently been initiated. The recently released E. grandis genome, sequenced to an average coverage of 8×, will open up exceptional opportunities to advance Myrtaceae genetics and genomics research.

A New Cost-Efficient Technique for Analysis of Nectar Sugars and Dihydroxyacetone in Australian Leptospermum Using Liquid Chromatography-Tandem Mass Spectrometry

Publisher: American Chemical Society (ACS)

Date: 12-10-2021

DOI: 10.1021/ACSFOODSCITECH.1C00253

Patterns of genomic diversity and linkage disequilibrium across the disjunct range of the Australian forest tree Eucalyptus globulus

Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC

Date: 06-2022

DOI: 10.1007/S11295-022-01558-7

Abstract: The evolutionary trajectory of a population both influences and is influenced by characteristics of its genome. A disjunct population, for ex le is likely to exhibit genomic features distinct from those of continuous populations, reflecting its specific evolutionary history and influencing future recombination outcomes. We examined genetic ersity, population differentiation and linkage disequilibrium (LD) across the highly disjunct native range of the Australian forest tree Eucalyptus globulus , using 203,337 SNPs genotyped in 136 trees spanning seven races. We found support for four broad genetic groups, with moderate F ST , high allelic ersity and genome-wide LD decaying to an r 2 of 0.2 within 4 kb on average. These results are broadly similar to those reported previously in Eucalyptus species and support the ‘ring’ model of migration proposed for E. globulus . However, two of the races (Otways and South-eastern Tasmania) exhibited a much slower decay of LD with physical distance than the others and were also the most differentiated and least erse, which may reflect the effects of selective sweeps and/or genetic bottlenecks experienced in their evolutionary history. We also show that F ST and rates of LD vary within and between chromosomes across all races, suggestive of recombination outcomes influenced by genomic features, hybridization or selection. The results obtained from studying this species serve to illustrate the genomic effects of population disjunction and further contribute to the characterisation of genomes of woody genera.

QTL influencing growth and wood properties in Eucalyptus globulus

Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC

Date: 07-2009

DOI: 10.1007/S11295-009-0222-0

Patterns of hybrid seed production in adjacent seed orchards of Acacia auriculiformis and A. mangium in Vietnam

Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC

Date: 26-04-2019

DOI: 10.1007/S13595-019-0823-1

Genetic resistance of Eucalyptus globulus to autumn gum moth defoliation and the role of cuticular waxes

Publisher: Canadian Science Publishing

Date: 11-2002

DOI: 10.1139/X02-118

Abstract: This study investigated the association between resistance of Eucalyptus globulus Labill. to autumn gum moth (Mnesempala privata Guenée) defoliation and cuticular wax compounds. In a field trial consisting of clonally replicated F 2 families of E. globulus, situated in Tasmania, Australia, significant genetic variation in resistance was detected in two of three F 2 families. The broad-sense heritability for defoliation within families ranged from 0.24 to 0.33. The 15 most resistant and the 15 most susceptible genotypes within each variable family were compared for their relative levels of 26 cuticular wax compounds. While no significant correlation between resistance and total wax yield estimates was found, significant differences were detected between resistant and susceptible classes in the relative quantities of several aliphatic phenylethyl and benzyl wax esters within both families. This association does not appear to be a response induced by defoliation. The broad-sense heritabilities of the variation in these compounds were high (0.82–0.94). Our findings suggest that these wax compounds are a mechanism of genetic resistance to autumn gum moth in E. globulus.

Construction of a high-density composite map and comparative mapping of segregation distortion regions in barley

Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC

Date: 29-08-2010

DOI: 10.1007/S00438-010-0570-3

Abstract: Segregation distortion can negatively impact on gains expected using selection. In order to increase our understanding of genetic factors that may influence the extent and direction of segregation distortion, segregation distortion analyses were conducted in four different doubled haploid (DH) populations. A high-density composite map of barley was then constructed by integrating information from the four populations. The composite map contained 2,111 unique loci, comprising RFLP, SSR and DArT markers and spanned 1,136 cM. In the four populations investigated, the proportion of markers with segregation distortion ranged from 15 to 38%, depending on the population. The highest distortion was observed in populations derived by the microspore culture technique. Distorted loci tended to be clustered, which allowed definition of segregation distortion regions (SDRs). A total of 14 SDRs were identified in the 4 populations. Using the high-density composite map, several SDRs were shown to have consistent map locations in two or more populations one SDR on chromosome 1H was present in all four populations. The analysis of haplotypes underlying seven SDRs indicated that in three cases the under-represented haplotypes were common across populations, but for four SDRs the under-represented haplotypes varied across populations. Six of the seven centromeric regions harboured SDRs suggesting that genetic processes related to position near a centromere caused the segregation distortion in these SDRs. Other SDRs were most likely due to the methods used to produce the DH populations. The association of the SDRs identified in this study and some of the genes involved in the process of haploid production described in other studies were compared. The composite map constructed in this study provides an additional resource for the barley community via increased genome coverage and the provision of additional marker options. It has also enabled further insights into mechanisms that underpin segregation distortion.

Advances in reproductive biology and seed production systems ofEucalyptus: the case ofEucalyptus globulus

Publisher: National Inquiry Services Center (NISC)

Date: 08-2008

DOI: 10.2989/SOUTH.FOR.2008.70.2.10.538

Genomic patterns of species diversity and divergence in Eucalyptus

Publisher: Wiley

Date: 07-09-2017

DOI: 10.1111/NPH.13316

Abstract: We examined genome‐wide patterns of DNA sequence ersity and ergence among six species of the important tree genus Eucalyptus and investigated their relationship with genomic architecture. Using c . 90 range‐wide in iduals of each Eucalyptus species ( E. grandis , E. urophylla , E. globulus , E. nitens , E. dunnii and E. camaldulensis ), genetic ersity and ergence were estimated from 2840 polymorphic ersity arrays technology markers covering the 11 chromosomes. Species differentiating markers ( SDM s) identified in each of 15 pairwise species comparisons, along with species ersity ( H HW ) and ergence ( F ST ), were projected onto the E. grandis reference genome. Across all species comparisons, SDM s totalled 1.1–5.3% of markers and were widely distributed throughout the genome. Marker ergence ( F ST and SDM s) and ersity differed among and within chromosomes. Patterns of ersity and ergence were broadly conserved across species and significantly associated with genomic features, including the proximity of markers to genes, the relative number of clusters of tandem duplications, and gene density within or among chromosomes. These results suggest that genomic architecture influences patterns of species ersity and ergence in the genus. This influence is evident across the six species, encompassing erse phylogenetic lineages, geography and ecology.

Genetic parameters for lignin, extractives and decay inEucalyptus globulus

Publisher: EDP Sciences

Date: 12-2006

DOI: 10.1051/FOREST:2006080

Habitat type and dispersal mode underlie the capacity for plant migration across an intermittent seaway

Publisher: Oxford University Press (OUP)

Date: 27-07-2017

DOI: 10.1093/AOB/MCX086

A multiplexed set of microsatellite markers for discriminating Acacia mangium, A. auriculiformis, and their hybrid

Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC

Date: 31-03-2016

DOI: 10.1007/S11295-016-0990-2

Genetic evidence for the origins of range disjunctions in the Australian dry sclerophyll plant Hardenbergia violacea

Publisher: Wiley

Date: 09-09-2011

DOI: 10.1111/J.1365-2699.2010.02391.X

McGill University

Location: Canada

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University Of Saskatchewan

Location: Canada

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Cornell University

Location: United States of America

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University Of Tasmania

Location: Australia

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Discovery Projects - Grant ID: DP0770506

Start Date: 2007

End Date: 12-2010

Amount: $263,000.00

Funder: Australian Research Council

Linkage Projects - Grant ID: LP120200380

Start Date: 09-2012

End Date: 12-2017

Amount: $501,000.00

Funder: Australian Research Council

Linkage Projects - Grant ID: LP0453704

Start Date: 12-2004

End Date: 12-2009

Amount: $330,000.00

Funder: Australian Research Council

Discovery Projects - Grant ID: DP190102053

Start Date: 01-2019

End Date: 12-2024

Amount: $475,000.00

Funder: Australian Research Council

Linkage Projects - Grant ID: LP0455522

Start Date: 05-2005

End Date: 05-2008

Amount: $270,000.00

Funder: Australian Research Council

Discovery Projects - Grant ID: DP0342644

Start Date: 03-2003

End Date: 12-2005

Amount: $125,000.00

Funder: Australian Research Council

Discovery Projects - Grant ID: DP140102552

Start Date: 2014

End Date: 12-2017

Amount: $318,000.00

Funder: Australian Research Council

Discovery Projects - Grant ID: DP110101621

Start Date: 2011

End Date: 03-2015

Amount: $285,000.00

Funder: Australian Research Council

Industrial Transformation Training Centres - Grant ID: IC150100004

Start Date: 11-2015

End Date: 11-2021

Amount: $3,630,239.00

Funder: Australian Research Council

Discovery Projects - Grant ID: DP120100501

Start Date: 03-2012

End Date: 03-2015

Amount: $285,000.00

Funder: Australian Research Council

Discovery Projects - Grant ID: DP0557260

Start Date: 05-2005

End Date: 09-2008

Amount: $225,000.00

Funder: Australian Research Council

Linkage Projects - Grant ID: LP0884001

Start Date: 12-2008

End Date: 06-2012

Amount: $315,000.00

Funder: Australian Research Council

Linkage Infrastructure, Equipment And Facilities - Grant ID: LE0454133

Start Date: 2003

End Date: 12-2004

Amount: $101,000.00

Funder: Australian Research Council