ORCID Profile
0000-0002-4837-5894
Current Organisation
Deakin University
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Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 07-06-2012
DOI: 10.1007/S11695-012-0682-4
Abstract: The Beck Depression Inventory (BDI) is one of the most commonly used instruments to assess depression in persons with obesity. While it has been validated in normal and psychiatric populations, in obese populations, its validity remains uncertain. This study aimed to investigate the validity and reliability of the BDI-IA and BDI-II in severely obese bariatric surgery candidates. Consecutive new candidates at a bariatric surgery clinic were invited to participate in the study by their consulting surgeon. All candidates were assessed using the Structured Clinical Interview for DSM-IV Disorders (SCID-I) 118 completed the BDI-IA and 83 completed the BDI-II. Two hundred one patients (response rate, 88 %) participated in the study. The current s le (82 % female) had an average body mass index of 42.83 ± 6.34 and an average age of 45 ± 12 years. Based on the SCID-I, 54 candidates (26.9 %) met the criteria for a mood disorder, with 37 meeting the criteria for current major depressive disorder. In iduals diagnosed with a clinical mood disorder had significantly higher scores on the BDI (BDI-IA, 23.59 ± 9.69 vs. 12.76 ± 8.29 BDI-II, 22.93 ± 5.22 vs. 11.25 ± 8.44). Our results indicated that, as a screening tool for a clinical mood disorder, the BDI-II had an optimal cutoff of 13, with a sensitivity of 100 and specificity of 67.75. Results indicated that the BDI-IA should not be used as a tool to measure depressive symptomatology in obese bariatric surgery candidates. No cutoff was identified with adequate sensitivity and specificity, and over 20 % of patients were misclassified. As a screening tool for a clinical mood disorder, the BDI-II was adequate however, prevalence rates were significantly overestimated.
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 05-03-2015
DOI: 10.1111/OBR.12265
Abstract: Obesity rates have increased dramatically in recent decades, and it has proven difficult to treat. An attentional bias towards food cues may be implicated in the aetiology of obesity and influence cravings and food consumption. This review systematically investigated whether attentional biases to food cues exist in overweight/obese compared with healthy weight in iduals. Electronic database were searched for relevant papers from inception to October 2014. Only studies reporting food-related attentional bias between either overweight (body mass index [BMI] 25.0-29.9 kg m(-2)) or obese (BMI ≥ 30) participants and healthy weight participants (BMI 18.5-24.9) were included. The findings of 19 studies were reported in this review. Results of the literature are suggestive of differences in attentional bias, with all but four studies supporting the notion of enhanced reactivity to food stimuli in overweight in iduals and in iduals with obesity. This support for attentional bias was observed primarily in studies that employed psychophysiological techniques (i.e. electroencephalogram, eye-tracking and functional magnetic resonance imaging). Despite the heterogeneous methodology within the featured studies, all measures of attentional bias demonstrated altered cue-reactivity in in iduals with obesity. Considering the theorized implications of attentional biases on obesity pathology, researchers are encouraged to replicate flagship studies to strengthen these inferences.
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 18-09-2009
DOI: 10.1007/S11695-009-9977-5
Abstract: The Beck Depression Inventory (BDI) is frequently employed as measure of depression in studies of obesity. The aim of the study was to assess the factorial structure of the BDI in obese patients prior to bariatric surgery. Confirmatory factor analysis was conducted on the current published factor analyses of the BDI. Three published models were initially analysed with two additional modified models subsequently included. A s le of 285 patients presenting for Lap-Band surgery was used. The published bariatric model by Munoz et al. was not an adequate fit to the data. The general model by Shafer et al. was a good fit to the data but had substantial limitations. The weight loss item did not significantly load on any factor in either model. A modified Shafer model and a proposed model were tested, and both were found to be a good fit to the data with minimal differences between the two. A proposed model, in which two items, weight loss and appetite, were omitted, was suggested to be the better model with good reliability. The previously published factor analysis in bariatric candidates by Munoz et al. was a poor fit to the data, and use of this factor structure should be seriously reconsidered within the obese population. The hypothesised model was the best fit to the data. The findings of the study suggest that the existing published models are not adequate for investigating depression in obese patients seeking surgery.
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 02-2015
DOI: 10.1111/AJO.12265
Abstract: Health behaviour theories acknowledge that beliefs, attitudes and knowledge contribute to health behaviours, yet the role of these cognitions in predicting weight gain during pregnancy has not been widely researched. To explore and compare the predictive nature of gestational weight gain (GWG) expectations and knowledge on weight gain during pregnancy. One hundred and sixty-six women were tracked during pregnancy. Participants provided information on prepregnancy weight, height, GWG expectations and knowledge at 16-18 weeks' gestation (Time 1). To calculate gestational weight gain, prepregnancy weight was subtracted from weight at 36 weeks' gestation (collected at Time 2). Gestational weight gain above the Institute of Medicine's GWG recommendations was classified as excessive. A hierarchical regression examined the predictive nature of GWG expectations for actual GWG. Chi-square significance tests determined whether the accuracy of GWG knowledge differed depending on GWG status and prepregnancy BMI category. GWG expectations were a significant predictor of weight gain during pregnancy. Women who experienced excessive GWG were more likely to overestimate the minimum amount of weight that they needed to gain to have a healthy baby. GWG expectations are predictive of actual GWG, and GWG knowledge among women is generally poor. In particular, overestimating of the minimum amount of weight to gain during pregnancy is associated with excessive GWG. As such, it may be beneficial to design interventions to prevent excessive GWG that targets these cognitions.
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 03-2017
DOI: 10.1016/J.DRUGALCDEP.2016.11.034
Abstract: Evidence indicates that substance-related cognitive biases (attentional, memory, and approach bias) contribute to the maintenance and development of substance misuse. Impulsivity has been suggested to influence how cognitive biases contribute to substance misuse, possibly by biasing incentive salience attribution processes. However, the strength and moderators of the relationship between impulsivity and substance-related cognitive biases has yet to be empirically examined. A meta-analysis using random-effects models was completed assessing 19 studies that reported a quantitative relationship between an impulsivity measure and a substance-related cognitive bias. Two-component conceptualisation of impulsivity, impulsivity measurement type, gender, and age were assessed as moderators. A small, significant positive relationship (r=0.10) was observed between impulsivity and substance-related attentional, memory, and approach biases. No moderators examined had a significant influence on this relationship. Results are consistent with incentive sensitisation theories of addiction and suggests a weak synergistic relationship between impulsivity and substance-related cognitive biases. This relationship holds across different measures and components of impulsivity. Results provide some support for the viability of impulsivity and cognitive bias interaction models which may warrant further investigation of these factors in relation to predicting addiction treatment outcomes.
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 15-07-2015
DOI: 10.1111/OBR.12300
Publisher: Frontiers Media SA
Date: 07-02-2020
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 03-11-2018
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 24-01-2019
DOI: 10.1111/AJO.12942
Abstract: Prevention of excessive gestational weight gain during pregnancy is difficult targeting women before pregnancy may be more effective. In order to generate knowledge that may influence the development of effective interventions to promote healthy weight in reproductive‐aged women, this study aimed to explore knowledge and belief formation regarding gestational weight gain for preconception and pregnant women. Women ≥18 years (preconception n = 265 pregnant women at 16 weeks gestation n = 271) completed questionnaires assessing knowledge and beliefs about gestational weight gain. Responses were categorised according to the 2009 Institute of Medicine gestational weight gain recommendations. Preconception women exhibited poorer gestational weight gain knowledge than pregnant women, yet only half of pregnant women reported accurate gestational weight gain knowledge within the Institute of Medicine recommendations. Beliefs about gestational weight gain were also inaccurate for both preconception and pregnant women, with 34.1% of pregnant and 44.6% of preconception women expecting to gain less than recommendations. Gestational weight gain knowledge accounted for about half of the variance in gestational weight gain beliefs. Overall, the large inaccuracies in gestational weight gain knowledge and beliefs reported by both preconception and pregnant women suggest significant gaps in dissemination of gestational weight gain advice throughout the reproductive life phase. Knowledge is an important part of belief formation that can lead to appropriate weight gain. Hence, health professionals and policy makers should actively pursue opportunities to improve gestational weight gain knowledge in reproductive‐aged women.
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 31-01-2020
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 04-2019
DOI: 10.1016/J.DRUGALCDEP.2019.01.018
Abstract: Adolescence is a critical developmental period in the trajectory of nicotine dependence, highlighting the need for a greater understanding of the modifiable risk factors. An extensive body of research has found that trait impulsivity is associated with higher levels of adolescent smoking however, findings have been mixed. The present study aimed to synthesise existing literature to determine the strength and nature of the relationship between the UPPS-P impulsive traits and both adolescent cigarette consumption and nicotine dependence. Fifty-one studies were meta-analysed using a random effects model to determine the association between each UPPS-P impulsive trait and both adolescent cigarette consumption and nicotine dependence. Age, gender, ethnicity and s le type were examined as potential moderators. Cigarette consumption was positively associated with each UPPS-P impulsive trait (r's ranging from 0.17-0.20). There were an insufficient number of studies to meta-analyse the association between nicotine dependence and the UPPS-P impulsive traits. There were no significant moderation effects of age, gender, ethnicity or s le type. Findings suggest that each UPPS-P impulsive trait shares similar associations with adolescent cigarette consumption. Additional studies are needed to determine the relationship between adolescent nicotine dependence and impulsivity. As most adult smokers initiate during adolescence, targeting these impulsive traits via novel prevention and intervention strategies may assist in reducing the prevalence of smoking.
Publisher: S. Karger AG
Date: 2010
DOI: 10.1159/000273206
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 09-2008
DOI: 10.1038/OBY.2008.271
Abstract: Depression and obesity, the two common ailments of modern society, are associated with increased risk of coronary artery disease and raised C-reactive protein (CRP) levels. Are the effects of depression and obesity related or do they influence CRP levels independently? In 493 consecutive patients presenting for obesity surgery, we explored the relationship between symptoms of depression and raised CRP levels after controlling for confounding factors. Depression was measured using the Beck Depression Inventory (BDI). Confounding variables were age, gender, BMI, waist and hip measures, smoking and alcohol habits, medications, biochemical measures of the metabolic syndrome, and indirect measures of insulin resistance. General linear regression sought variables independently associated with CRP levels. These patients had a BMI range from 31 to 91 kg/m2, participants age ranged from 14 to 71 years, and 76% were women. The median CRP concentration was 7.7mg/l (interquartile range: 3.9-14), 40% had an abnormally raised concentration (> 10mg/l). The mean BDI score was 17.0 +/- 9.0, indicating symptoms of moderate depression. We found five independent factors associated with raised CRP levels. In order of strength of association, these were: higher BMI (beta = 0.36, P < 0.001), female gender (beta = -0.19, P < 0.001), estrogen therapy (beta = 0.18, P < 0.001), higher BDI score (beta = 0.11, P = 0.01), and insulin resistance index (beta = 0.11, P = 0.01), and with a combined R2 = 0.24, (P < 0.001). In obese patients, symptoms of depression were associated with raised CRP levels after controlling for confounding variables. Obese women on estrogen therapy are at risk of high CRP levels.
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 10-2011
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Date: 03-07-2015
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 05-2012
DOI: 10.1016/J.IJPSYCHO.2012.01.020
Abstract: Central auditory processing in schizophrenia patients with a history of auditory hallucinations has been reported to be impaired, and abnormalities of interhemispheric transfer have been implicated in these patients. This study examined interhemispheric functional connectivity between auditory cortical regions, using temporal information obtained from latency measures of the auditory N1 evoked potential. Interhemispheric Transfer Times (IHTTs) were compared across 3 subject groups: schizophrenia patients who had experienced auditory hallucinations, schizophrenia patients without a history of auditory hallucinations, and normal controls. Pure tones and single-syllable words were presented monaurally to each ear, while EEG was recorded continuously. IHTT was calculated for each stimulus type by comparing the latencies of the auditory N1 evoked potential recorded contralaterally and ipsilaterally to the ear of stimulation. The IHTTs for pure tones did not differ between groups. For word stimuli, the IHTT was significantly different across the 3 groups: the IHTT was close to zero in normal controls, was highest in the AH group, and was negative (shorter latencies ipsilaterally) in the nonAH group. Differences in IHTTs may be attributed to transcallosal dysfunction in the AH group, but altered or reversed cerebral lateralization in nonAH participants is also possible.
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 2019
Publisher: Frontiers Media SA
Date: 2015
Publisher: American Psychological Association (APA)
Date: 09-2019
DOI: 10.1037/CCP0000424
Abstract: The high rates of illness and mortality associated with cigarette smoking necessitate the development of novel reduction and cessation treatments. Inhibitory control training (ICT) has recently emerged as a potentially efficacious intervention to reduce the consumption of alcohol and unhealthy food. This randomized controlled trial was the first to investigate the effect of Internet-delivered ICT on cigarette consumption in a community s le of heavy smokers. For the present study, 107 adult smokers (mean age = 46.15 years 57 female) who smoked a minimum of 10 cigarettes per day and met criteria for a moderate or severe tobacco use disorder were recruited. Participants were randomly allocated to receive go/no-go training in which either smoking stimuli (intervention) or nonsmoking stimuli (control) were paired with no-go signals and were instructed to complete 1 training session per day over a 2-week period. This trial was preregistered with the Australian and New Zealand Clinical Trials Registry (Trial ID: ACTRN12617000252314). We found no significant differences between conditions on percentage of days abstinent or daily cigarette consumption, although there was a significant decrease in daily cigarette consumption across both conditions. Further, we found no significant moderating effects of impulsivity on the relationship between cigarette consumption and the 2 tasks. Although participants in both conditions reduced their daily cigarette consumption, the intervention task was no more successful than the control task was in achieving cigarette abstinence or reduction. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2019 APA, all rights reserved).
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 12-05-2017
DOI: 10.1111/PSYP.12888
Abstract: This study compared the performance of a low-cost wireless EEG system to a research-grade EEG system on an auditory oddball task designed to elicit N200 and P300 ERP components. Participants were 15 healthy adults (6 female) aged between 19 and 40 (M = 28.56 SD = 6.38). An auditory oddball task was presented comprising 1,200 presentations of a standard tone interspersed by 300 trials comprising a deviant tone. EEG was simultaneously recorded from a modified Emotiv EPOC and a NeuroScan SynAmps RT EEG system. The modifications made to the Emotiv system included attaching research grade electrodes to the Bluetooth transmitter. Additional modifications enabled the Emotiv system to connect to a portable impedance meter. The cost of these modifications and portable impedance meter approached the purchase value of the Emotiv system. Preliminary analyses revealed significantly more trials were rejected from data acquired by the modified Emotiv compared to the SynAmps system. However, the ERP waveforms captured by the Emotiv system were found to be highly similar to the corresponding waveform from the SynAmps system. The latency and peak litude of N200 and P300 components were also found to be similar between systems. Overall, the results indicate that, in the context of an oddball task, the ERP acquired by a low-cost wireless EEG system can be of comparable quality to research-grade EEG acquisition equipment.
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 12-2013
Publisher: AMPCo
Date: 2018
DOI: 10.5694/MJA17.00131
Abstract: Many women report declines in cognitive function during pregnancy, but attempts to empirically evaluate such changes have yielded inconsistent results. We aimed to determine whether pregnancy is associated with objective declines in cognitive functioning, and to assess the progression of any declines during pregnancy. We undertook a meta-analysis, applying a random effects model, of 20 studies that have reported quantitative relationships between pregnancy and changes in cognition. Full text articles indexed by Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature (CINAHL) Complete, MEDLINE Complete, and PsychINFO. The 20 studies assessed included 709 pregnant women and 521 non-pregnant women. Overall cognitive functioning was poorer in pregnant women than in non-pregnant women (standardised mean difference [SMD], 0.52 [95% CI, 0.07-0.97] P = 0.025). Analysis of cross-sectional studies found that general cognitive functioning (SMD, 1.28 [95% CI 0.26-2.30] P = 0.014), memory (SMD, 1.47 [95% CI, 0.27-2.68] P = 0.017), and executive functioning (SMD, 0.46 [95% CI, 0.03-0.89] P = 0.036) were significantly reduced during the third trimester of pregnancy (compared with control women), but not during the first two trimesters. Longitudinal studies found declines between the first and second trimesters in general cognitive functioning (SMD, 0.29 [95% CI, 0.08-0.50] P = 0.006) and memory (SMD, 0.33 [95% CI, 0.12-0.54] P = 0.002), but not between the second and third trimesters. General cognitive functioning, memory, and executive functioning were significantly poorer in pregnant than in control women, particularly during the third trimester. The differences primarily develop during the first trimester, and are consistent with recent findings of long term reductions in brain grey matter volume during pregnancy. The impact of these effects on the quality of life and everyday functioning of pregnant women requires further investigation.
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 04-2009
DOI: 10.1038/OBY.2008.609
Abstract: High levels of readiness to change (RTC) are considered critical to the long-term success of weight management programs including bariatric surgery. However, there are no data to support this assertion. We hypothesize that RTC level will not influence weight outcomes following surgery. In 227 consecutive patients undergoing adjustable gastric banding surgery, we recorded reasons for seeking surgery, and RTC measured with the University of Rhode Island Change Assessment. Scores were blinded until study completion. The primary outcome measure was percentage of excess BMI loss at 2 years (%EBMIL-2) others included compliance and surgical complications. Of 227 subjects, 204 (90%) had weight measurement at 2 years. There was no significant correlation between RTC score and %EBMIL-2 (r = 0.047, P = 0.5). Using the median split for RTC score the lowest 102 subjects mean %EBMIL-2 was 52.9 +/- 26.9% and the highest 52.2 +/- 28.3%, P = 0.869. There was no weight loss difference between highest and lowest quartiles, or a nonlinear relationship between weight loss and RTC score. There was no significant relationship between RCT score and compliance, or likelihood of complications. Those motivated by appearance were more likely to be younger women who lost more weight at 2 years. Poor attendance at follow-up visits was associated with less weight loss, especially in men. Measures of RTC did not predict weight loss, compliance, or surgical complications. Caution is advised when using assessments of RTC to predict outcomes of bariatric surgery.
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 26-02-2014
DOI: 10.1007/S11695-014-1207-0
Abstract: Bariatric surgery candidates have higher rates of co-morbid psychological illnesses than those in the general population. The effect of weight loss on these illnesses is unclear. This prospective observational study explored psychiatric co-morbidities and weight loss outcomes in 204 gastric banding surgery candidates. Psychiatric co-morbidities were assessed prior to surgery and 2 years post-surgery. One hundred and fifty patients (74%) completed assessments at both time points. At baseline, 39.7% of the patients met the criteria for a current axis I disorder as defined by the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, 4th Edition (DSM-IV). Mood disorders were the most frequent (26.5%), followed by anxiety disorders (15.2%) and binge eating disorder (13.2%). Preoperative psychopathology predicted clinical psychopathology at 2 years. No preoperative or post-operative axis I disorder was significantly related to weight loss at 2 years. The frequency of current axis I disorders decreased significantly from 39.7% preoperatively to 20% 2 years post-surgery. The point prevalence of psychopathology in this s le of Australian bariatric candidates is high. Psychopathology, preoperatively and at 2 years of follow-up, was not associated with weight loss at 2 years.
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 24-05-2023
DOI: 10.1002/ACP.4089
Abstract: Self‐reported dietary intake is commonly used to inform policy however, memory‐based reports are subject to error. Our aim was to examine dietary reporting errors using a repeated‐events framework. Participants ( N = 102) completed a 3‐day food diary and 10 days later recalled what they had consumed on one self‐nominated day and one experimenter‐nominated day from the diary period. Self‐nominated day reports were more accurate than experimenter‐nominated day reports. Across both days, participants made more errors by reporting a food from the wrong day than by reporting foods not recorded in the diary at all. Unexpectedly, participants who completed their food‐diary across Sunday–Monday–Tuesday were more accurate than those who completed across Thursday–Friday–Saturday, and participants who completed the study in 2020 were more accurate than those who completed it in 2021/2. Overall, results are consistent with the repeated events literature and outline a new approach to better understand dietary self‐reporting.
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 18-06-2010
DOI: 10.1007/S11695-010-0215-Y
Abstract: The Beck Depression Inventory (BDI) has been frequently employed as a measure of depression in studies of obesity, with the majority of studies reporting an improvement in scores following weight loss. Given the potential similarity in obesity-related and depressive symptoms, it is uncertain whether all components of depression would improve equally with weight loss. The study included obese patients who had undergone laparoscopic adjustable gastric banding (LAGB) surgery and had completed BDIs at baseline and 1 year after surgery. Two groups of patients were included, a general background group (N = 191, mean age = 41 ± 9, mean BMI = 43 ± 8) and a group identified as experiencing elevated depressive symptoms based on BDI scores ≥23 (EDS group (N = 67, mean age = 40 ± 9, mean BMI = 45 ± 7). Overall, BDI scores fell for both groups, background group at baseline 17 ± 9-8 ± 7 at 1 year and for the EDS group at baseline 30 ± 5-14 ± 10 at 1 year. Patient scores on the negative self-attitude subscale were significantly greater than the two other subscales and showed the greatest improvement 1 year following LAGB. Preexisting antidepressant therapy had little or no association on the BDI scores or on its change following weight loss. High rates of depression are continually reported in obesity, as is a remarkable decrease in depressive symptoms following weight loss. Negative attitudes towards one's self appears to be driving elevated BDI scores rather than the overlap in physical symptoms between obesity and depression.
Publisher: Frontiers Media SA
Date: 2015
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 04-2015
DOI: 10.1016/J.APPET.2014.12.227
Abstract: The preschool years may be a critical period for child obesity onset however, literature examining obesity risk factors to date has largely focused on school-aged children. Several links have been made between maternal depression and childhood obesity risks however, other types of maternal psychopathology have been widely neglected. The aim of the present review was to systematically identify articles that examined relationships between maternal psychopathology variables, including depressive and anxiety symptoms, self-esteem and body dissatisfaction, and risks for pre-schooler obesity, including weight outcomes, physical activity and sedentary behaviour levels, and nutrition/diet variables. Twenty articles meeting review criteria were identified. Results showed positive associations between maternal depressive symptoms and increased risks for pre-schooler obesity in the majority of studies. Results were inconsistent depending on the time at which depression was measured (i.e., antenatal, postnatal, in isolation or longitudinally). Anxiety and body dissatisfaction were only measured in single studies however, both were linked to pre-schooler obesity risks self-esteem was not measured by any studies. We concluded that maternal depressive symptoms are important to consider when assessing risks for obesity in preschool-aged children however, more research is needed examining the impact of other facets of maternal psychopathology on obesity risk in pre-schoolers.
No related grants have been discovered for Melissa Hayden.