ORCID Profile
0000-0002-2201-7933
Current Organisations
University of Tasmania
,
Flinders University
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Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 25-10-2022
DOI: 10.1007/S00520-022-07419-2
Abstract: To systematically review and examine current evidence for the carer-reported benefits of supportive care strategies for carers of adults with high-grade glioma (HGG). Four databases (CINAHL, EMBASE, PubMed, PsycINFO) were searched for articles published between January 2005 and April 2022 that assessed strategies for addressing the supportive care needs of carers of adults with HGG (WHO grade 3–4). Study selection and critical appraisal were conducted independently by three authors (DJ/MC, 2021 DJ/RJ 2022). Data extraction was conducted by one author (DJ) and checked by a second author (RJ). Results were synthesised narratively. Twenty-one studies involving 1377 caregivers were included, targeting the carer directly ( n = 10), the patient-carer dyad ( n = 3), or focused on people with HGG + / − their carers ( n = 8). A paucity of high-quality evidence exists for effective and comprehensive support directly addressing outcomes for carers of adults with HGG. Strategies that demonstrated some benefits included those that built carer knowledge or provided emotional support, delivered by health professionals or through peer support. Supportive and early palliative care programmes have potential to reduce unmet carer needs while providing ongoing carer support. Strategies incorporating an educational component, emotional support, and a regular needs assessment with corresponding tailored support are most valued by carers. Future practice development research should adopt a value-based approach and exceed evaluation of efficacy outcomes to incorporate evaluation of the experience of patients, carers, and staff, as well as costs.
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 26-05-2022
DOI: 10.1007/S00520-022-07152-W
Abstract: To examine the perspectives of medical and nursing health professionals concerning their roles and responsibilities in providing dietary and exercise advice to cancer survivors, and referrals to allied health professionals. An integrative review. PubMed, CINAHL, PsycINFO, Embase, Web of Science databases, and bibliographies of relevant studies were searched from December 2011 to June 2021. All studies were eligible for inclusion. The Mixed-Methods Appraisal Tool (MMAT) was used to critically appraise included studies. Data were extracted and synthesised regarding the perspectives of medical and nursing health professionals on their roles, responsibilities, barriers, and facilitators. Twenty-one studies involving 3401 medical and nursing health professionals and 264 cancer survivors of erse cancer types were included. Ten quantitative, nine qualitative, and two mixed-methods studies were eligible. All included studies met at least 80% of the quality criteria in the MMAT. Major findings include the following: (1) medical and nursing health professionals were unclear on their roles in providing dietary and exercise advice to cancer survivors but agreed they play a key role in referrals to dietitians and exercise professionals (2) most cancer survivors valued the involvement of their general practitioner when receiving dietary and exercise advice. Although medical and nursing health professionals understand that referrals to allied health professionals form part of their role, there is a lack of clarity regarding their roles to provide dietary and exercise advice to cancer survivors. Future studies should address barriers and facilitators of dietary and exercise advice and referral by medical and nursing health professionals.
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 29-06-2017
DOI: 10.1111/LIV.13488
Abstract: Research in NAFLD management is commonly based on quantitative assessment of liver fat by proton-magnetic resonance spectroscopy ( We performed a secondary analysis using data from 97 overweight/obese adults (age: 39.7±11.5 years, body mass index: 30.7±4.4 kg/m Only the change in HSI, FLI and WC was associated with change in liver fat however, correlations were weak to moderate. There was no agreement between the LFE and Novel indices are limited in their ability to detect longitudinal change in liver fat. Waist circumference may offer modest utility as a surrogate to infer liver fat change with lifestyle interventions.
Publisher: ASTM International
Date: 23-08-2018
DOI: 10.1520/GTJ20170279
Publisher: MDPI AG
Date: 26-06-2022
DOI: 10.3390/NU14132642
Abstract: Cancer-associated malnutrition, or cachexia, stemming from cancer or its treatments, is particularly prevalent in metastatic cancers, and is often interrelated with sarcopenia and frailty. Evidence suggests that dietary supplements play a role in managing these conditions. As metastatic cancer cells are associated with notable genomic and phenotypic alterations, response to dietary supplements may differ between metastatic and non-metastatic cancers. However, research in this area is lacking. This scoping review aims to identify the dietary supplements that have been studied in patients with metastatic cancers and malnutrition-related conditions, along with their proposed effects, mechanisms, outcome measures, and tools used. A systematic search was conducted across databases, including MEDLINE, EMBASE, CINAHL, and clinical trial registries. Of the initial 6535 records screened, a total of 48 studies were included, covering a range of dietary supplements—vitamins, minerals, antioxidants, proteins, amino acids, fatty acids, fiber, and others. While the types of dietary supplements included varied across cancer types, omega-3 and carnitine were investigated most often. Proposed relevant attributes of dietary supplements included their antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, anti-cancer, and immunomodulatory properties. Overall, there was a paucity of interventional studies, and more randomized controlled trials are warranted.
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 03-2022
Publisher: Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)
Date: 07-2020
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 06-07-2020
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 02-2023
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 10-2016
DOI: 10.1016/J.TRRE.2016.07.004
Abstract: Patients awaiting solid-organ transplantation may be encouraged to undertake exercise training to improve pre- and post-transplant outcomes. However, the safety, adherence and efficacy of exercise training in this population remain unclear. All randomized, non-randomized and non-controlled trials of exercise training interventions in solid-organ transplant candidates were included. The Cochrane risk of bias tool and a modified Newcastle-Ottawa scale were used to assess procedural quality. Safety was defined as the number of reported adverse events during exercise training. Adherence was evaluated from session attendance, and efficacy as changes in cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF), exercise capacity, muscular strength, health-related quality of life (HR-QoL) and lung function. Eleven studies involving 874 patients were included: four randomized controlled, one non-randomized controlled and six non-controlled trials. Six studies included heart transplant candidates and five involved patients awaiting lung transplantation. Three trials included aerobic-only training, one incorporated resistance-only exercise and seven combined modalities. Twelve adverse events were reported with four due to exercise, although methods to collect these data were often omitted. Exercise adherence ranged from 82.5% to 100%, but was poorly described. No significant between-group changes attributable to exercise training were demonstrated. However, significant within-group improvements in CRF, exercise capacity, muscular strength, lung function and HR-QoL were observed. Patients awaiting heart or lung transplant appear to tolerate exercise training despite the larger number of adverse events compared to other high-risk populations. Exercise training demonstrated within-group benefits for several outcomes, with no significant between-group differences. Randomized controlled trials with sufficient statistical power are required for all solid-organ transplant candidates.
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 03-02-2020
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 20-12-2022
Publisher: MDPI AG
Date: 10-06-2022
Abstract: There is a wide variance in the magnitude of physiological adaptations after resistance or endurance training. The incidence of “non” or “poor” responders to training has been reported to represent as high as 40% of the project’s s le. However, the incidence of poor responders to training can be ameliorated with manipulation of either the training frequency, intensity, type and duration. Additionally, global non-response to cardio-respiratory fitness training is eliminated when evaluating several health measures beyond just the target variables as at least one or more measure improves. More research is required to determine if altering resistance training variables results in a more favourable response in in iduals with an initial poor response to resistance training. Moreover, we recommend abandoning the term “poor” responders, as ultimately the magnitude of change in cardiorespiratory fitness in response to endurance training is similar in “poor” and “high” responders if the training frequency is subsequently increased. Therefore, we propose “stubborn” responders as a more appropriate term. Future research should focus on developing viable physiological and lifestyle screening tests that identify likely stubborn responders to conventional exercise training guidelines before the in idual engages with training. Exerkines, DNA damage, metabolomic responses in blood, saliva and breath, gene sequence, gene expression and epigenetics are candidate biomarkers that warrant investigation into their relationship with trainability. Crucially, viable biomarker screening tests should show good construct validity to distinguish between different exercise loads, and possess excellent sensitivity and reliability. Furthermore “red flag” tests of likely poor responders to training should be practical to assess in clinical settings and be affordable and non-invasive. Early identification of stubborn responders would enable optimization of training programs from the onset of training to maintain exercise motivation and optimize the impact on training adaptations and health.
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 08-2021
Publisher: Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)
Date: 05-2016
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Date: 15-07-2022
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 04-2020
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 10-2019
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 29-07-2022
DOI: 10.1007/S40948-022-00451-W
Abstract: Large-scale open-pit mining activities have profound impacts on the surrounding landscape and environment. At the cessation of open-pit mining, the rehabilitation of large void spaces can be achieved by pit-lake filling, where the water body provides a confining pressure on surrounding mine surfaces, reducing both the likelihood of slope failure and the need for ongoing slope maintenance. Although pit-lakes present a range of long-term benefits, the geotechnical performance of mines containing soft soils that are susceptible to creep under increasing loads due to pit-lake filling is seldom considered. From a geotechnical standpoint, creep induced failure is commonly associated with slow, downslope movements, prior to critical slope failure events. In this research, time-dependent slope stability analyses based on creep-sensitive materials are presented for an open-cut mine undergoing pit-lake filling. Numerical simulation provides a mechanism for the assessment of materials exhibiting soft soil creep constitutive behaviour under various loading conditions due to pit-lake filling. The response of mine surfaces is investigated for various filling regimes, highlighting location-dependent deformation rates, pore pressures and slope Factors of Safety for a large Australian open-pit brown coal mine. Results are presented for two separate creep-sensitive materials, identifying the ability to achieve final, stable landforms for a range of long-term pit-lake conditions. Time-dependent creep deformation behaviour is investigated for a large Victorian open-pit brown coal mine undergoing pit-lake rehabilitation. The soft soil creep model is implemented for a large open-pit rehabilitation model, to assess long-lasting creep movements of a specific mine slope. Mine void filling rates are simulated for a range of rehabilitation scenarios over a 5 to 40 year period, identifying the excess pore water pressure distributions in addition to vertical and horizontal deformations rates. The long-term behaviour of 8 cross-section profiles is presented, identifying the effect of pit-lake filling for silt and clay interseam materials.
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 06-2018
Publisher: Xia & He Publishing
Date: 21-04-2023
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 23-04-2018
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 28-11-2021
Publisher: Bentham Science Publishers Ltd.
Date: 02-2009
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 2019
Publisher: Public Library of Science (PLoS)
Date: 27-05-2016
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 2016
Publisher: Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)
Date: 03-2019
Publisher: Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)
Date: 05-2016
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 06-2021
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 06-2023
Publisher: Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)
Date: 12-2019
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 07-2021
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 06-2023
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 03-2022
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 04-2018
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 05-2022
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 11-2021
Publisher: American Society of Mechanical Engineers
Date: 11-06-2023
Publisher: SAGE Publications
Date: 02-02-2022
DOI: 10.1177/1357633X211070721
Abstract: Telehealth is a promising tool for delivering lifestyle interventions for the management of health conditions. However, limited evidence exists regarding the cost-effectiveness of these interventions. This systematic review aimed to evaluate the current literature reporting on the cost-effectiveness of telehealth-delivered diet and/or exercise interventions. Four electronic databases (PubMed, CENTRAL, CINAHL and Embase) were searched for published literature from database inception to November 2020. This review adhered to the preferred reporting items for systematic reviews and meta-analyses guidelines and the ISPOR Criteria for Cost-Effectiveness Review Outcomes Checklist. The quality of reporting was assessed using the Consolidated Health Economic Evaluation Reporting Standards checklist. The extracted data were grouped into subcategories according to telehealth modality, organised into tables and reported narratively. Twenty-four studies of controlled trials (11 combined diet and exercise, 9 exercise-only and 4 diet-only telehealth-delivered interventions) were included for data extraction and quality assessment. Interventions were reported as cost-effective in 12 studies (50%), five studies (21%) reported inconclusive results, and seven studies (29%) reported that the interventions were not cost-effective. Telephone interventions were applied in eight studies (33%), seven studies (29%) used internet interventions, six studies (25%) used a combination of internet and telephone interventions, and three studies (13%) evaluated mHealth interventions. Quality of study reporting varied with between 54% and 92% of Consolidated Health Economic Evaluation Reporting Standards items reported. This review suggests that telehealth-delivered lifestyle interventions can be cost-effective compared to traditional care. There is a need for further investigations that employ rigorous methodology and economic reporting, including appropriate decision analytical models and longer timeframes.
Publisher: Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)
Date: 05-2016
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 08-2023
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 2016
Publisher: AIP Publishing
Date: 2023
DOI: 10.1063/5.0130947
Abstract: A finite difference lattice Boltzmann method (FDLBM) for the simulation of mud and debris flows for one-dimensional cases has been introduced. The proposed FDLBM recovers the generalized equations of mud and debris flows, that is, an unsteady one-dimensional Saint-Venant equation, including the effects of the non-Newtonian behavior of the mixture of water and soil, contraction–expansion losses (or large eddy loss), wind force, various geometries, and lateral inflow or outflow. The proposed FDLBM can be implemented for various non-Newtonian viscoplastic constitutive models of the studied mud and debris flows. The method is validated against previous studies for several benchmark cases, including steady-state problems, hydraulic jump tests, dam breaks with dry and wet beds, and slope dam break floods. Finally, the Anhui debris dam failure flood was investigated by this approach, and the results demonstrated a good agreement with the observed computational and field tests.
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 06-2023
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 24-11-2021
Publisher: Hindawi Limited
Date: 03-11-2019
DOI: 10.1155/2019/2193723
Abstract: Background . Increased visceral adipose tissue (VAT) is strongly associated with cardiometabolic risk factors. Accurate quantification of VAT is available through magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), which incurs a significant financial and time burden. We aimed to assess the accuracy of dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry- (DXA-) derived VAT (DXA-VAT) against a gold standard MRI protocol (MRI-VAT) in children with normal weight and obesity cross-sectionally, and over the course of a lifestyle intervention. Methodology . MRI-VAT and DXA-VAT were quantified in 61 children (30 normal weight and 31 with obesity) at baseline. Children with obesity entered a three-month exercise and/or nutrition intervention after which VAT was reassessed. MRI- and DXA-VAT cross-sectional area, volume, and mass were quantified, and associations were calculated at baseline ( n = 61) and pre-post intervention ( n = 28, 3 participants dropped out). Method agreement was assessed through Bland–Altman analysis, linear regression, and Passing–Bablok regression. Results . At baseline, all DXA- and MRI-VAT outcomes were strongly associated ( r = 0.90, P 0.001 ). However, there were no significant associations between absolute or relative change in DXA- and MRI-VAT outcomes ( r = 0.25–0.36, P 0.05 ). DXA significantly overestimated VAT CSA (cross-sectional area), volume, and mass when compared with MRI ( P 0.001 ) at baseline. Significant proportional bias was observed for all DXA-VAT outcomes at baseline and for relative longitudinal changes in DXA-VAT. Conclusions . Although DXA-VAT outcomes were strongly associated with MRI-VAT outcomes at baseline, estimates were subject to proportional bias in children with obesity and normal weight. DXA lacks validity for detecting changes in VAT among children with obesity. This trial is registered with NCT01991106 .
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 13-05-2019
Abstract: Interventions to prevent excessive weight gain after liver transplant are needed. The purpose of the present study was to enhance a specialist post-transplant well-being program through knowledge exchange with end-users. The study used an interactive process of knowledge exchange between researchers, clinicians and health system users. Data were collected as focus groups or telephone interviews and underwent applied thematic analysis. There were 28 participants (age 24-68 years 64% male). The results identified experiences that may influence decisions around health behaviours during the course of transplant recovery. Three over-arching themes were identified that impact on liver transplant recipients post-transplant health behaviours. These include (i) Finding a coping mechanism which highlighted the need to acknowledge the significant emotional burden of transplant prior to addressing long-term physical wellness (ii) Back to Life encompassing the desire to return to employment and prioritise family, while co-ordinating the burden of ongoing medical monitoring and self-management and (iii) Tailored, Personalised Care with a preference for health care delivery by transplant specialists via a range of flexible eHealth modalities. This person-centred process of knowledge exchange incorporated experiences of recipients into service design and identified life priorities most likely to influence health behaviours post-transplant. Patient co-creation of services has the potential to improve the integration of knowledge into health systems and future directions will require evaluation of effectiveness and sustainability of patient-centred multidisciplinary service development.
Publisher: EDP Sciences
Date: 2023
DOI: 10.1051/E3SCONF/202341506016
Abstract: Natural hazards such as large debris flow events can have catastrophic effects on the environment and critical infrastructure, posing a significant threat to human life. Debris flows often exhibit high velocity, high-pressure discharges due to their bulk volume, and the capacity to transport considerable volumes of large rocks, boulders, and woody debris. Although debris flow run-out simulations are commonly performed using hydraulic modelling software, these environments are seldom capable of assessing the interaction between the debris fluid, transported material, and protective structures. In this research, large deformation numerical models are calibrated using input parameters from hydraulic modelling software. Due to the computational cost of the large deformation models involving fluid-solid-structure simulation with flexible net barriers, an equivalent stiffness method is implemented to provide comparable performance through a membrane structure. The Coupled Eulerian-Lagrangian Finite Element method is used to model the impact forces of rocky boulders on the membrane, exhibiting damage characteristics consistent with flexible ring-net protective structures. The Coupled Eulerian-Lagrangian model results highlight the performance of the simplified membrane, as shown through a benchmark simulation of debris flow with boulders.
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 14-08-2017
DOI: 10.1111/APT.14265
Abstract: Patients with advanced liver disease may develop portal hypertension that can result in variceal haemorrhage. Beta-blockers reduce portal pressure and minimise haemorrhage risk. These medications may attenuate measures of cardiopulmonary performance, such as the ventilatory threshold and peak oxygen uptake measured via cardiopulmonary exercise testing. To determine the effect of beta-blockers on cardiopulmonary exercise testing variables in patients with advanced liver disease. This was a cross-sectional analysis of 72 participants who completed a cardiopulmonary exercise test before liver transplantation. All participants remained on their usual beta-blocker dose and timing prior to the test. Variables measured during cardiopulmonary exercise testing included the ventilatory threshold, peak oxygen uptake, heart rate, oxygen pulse, the oxygen uptake efficiency slope and the ventilatory equivalents for carbon dioxide slope. Participants taking beta-blockers (n = 28) had a lower ventilatory threshold (P <.01) and peak oxygen uptake (P = .02), compared to participants not taking beta-blockers. After adjusting for age, the model of end-stage liver-disease score, liver-disease aetiology, presence of refractory ascites and ventilatory threshold remained significantly lower in the beta-blocker group (P = .04). The oxygen uptake efficiency slope was not impacted by beta-blocker use. Ventilatory threshold is reduced in patients with advanced liver disease taking beta-blockers compared to those not taking the medication. This may incorrectly risk stratify patients on beta-blockers and has implications for patient management before and after liver transplantation. The oxygen uptake efficiency slope was not influenced by beta-blockers and may therefore be a better measure of cardiopulmonary performance in this patient population.
Publisher: Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)
Date: 05-2018
DOI: 10.1016/J.IJSU.2018.03.030
Abstract: Neoadjuvant therapy (NAT) for oesophageal cancer may reduce cardiopulmonary function, assessed by cardiopulmonary exercise testing (CPEX). Impaired cardiopulmonary function is associated with mortality following esophagectomy. We sought to assess the impact of NAT on cardiopulmonary function using CPEX and assessing the clinical relevance of any change in particular if changes were associated with post-operative morbidity. This was a prospective, cohort study of 40 patients in whom CPEX was performed before and after NAT. Thirty-eight patients underwent surgery and follow-up with perioperative outcomes measured. The primary variables derived from CPEX were the anaerobic threshold (AT) and peak oxygen uptake (V˙O
Publisher: University of Queensland Library
Publisher: Human Kinetics
Date: 08-2017
Abstract: Poor cardiorespiratory fitness is associated with increased all cause morbidity and mortality. In children with obesity, maximum oxygen uptake (V̇O 2max ) may not be achieved due to reduced motivation and peripheral fatigue. We aimed to identify a valid submaximal surrogate for V̇O 2max in children with obesity. Ninety-two children with obesity (7–16 years) completed a maximal exercise treadmill test and entered a three-month exercise and/or nutrition intervention after which the exercise test was repeated ( n = 63). Participants were required to reach V̇O 2max to be included in this analysis ( n = 32 at baseline and n = 13 at both time-points). The oxygen uptake efficiency slope (OUES) was determined as the slope of the line when V̇O 2 (L/min) was plotted against log V̇E. Associations between the maximal OUES, submaximal OUES (at 3, 4, 5 and 6 min of the exercise test) and V̇O 2max were calculated. In the cross-sectional analysis, V̇O 2max (L/min) was strongly correlated with 5-min OUES independent of Tanner puberty stage and sex ( R 2 = .80, p .001). Longitudinal changes in V̇O 2max were closely reflected by changes in 5-min OUES independent of change in percent body fat ( R 2 = .63, p .05). The 5-min OUES is a viable alternative to V̇O 2max when assessing children with obesity.
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 06-2023
Publisher: MDPI AG
Date: 30-04-2023
DOI: 10.3390/GEOTECHNICS3020016
Abstract: It is well recognised that plant vegetation and roots are capable of improving the shear strength of hillslopes by reinforcing soil shear resistance. Several key factors influencing the level of slope reinforcement include root geometry, orientation and strength. To assess the mechanical performance of vegetated slopes using numerical methods, root structures can be represented by beam and pile elements to mirror root behaviour. In contrast, root reinforcement can be modelled indirectly through a root cohesion factor, supplying additional strength to the soil surrounding the root zone. In this paper, correlations between these two numerical methods are presented, highlighting the applicability of each technique based on various root characteristics. Three types of root geometries are presented, consisting of a primary tap root, a secondary cohesion zone surrounding the main root and a root branching process. The results of the finite element analysis demonstrate the variation in the slope factor of safety for both methods, with a set of correlations between the two modelling approaches. A series of stability charts are presented for each method, quantifying the effects of root characteristics on slope reinforcement.
Publisher: Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)
Date: 07-2020
Publisher: Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)
Date: 20-08-2019
DOI: 10.1002/LT.25616
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 12-03-2020
Publisher: AME Publishing Company
Date: 10-2017
Publisher: Hindawi Limited
Date: 29-05-2020
DOI: 10.1111/ECC.13267
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 10-2020
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 26-06-2023
DOI: 10.3322/CAAC.21788
Abstract: Patient navigation is a strategy for overcoming barriers to reduce disparities and to improve access and outcomes. The aim of this umbrella review was to identify, critically appraise, synthesize, and present the best available evidence to inform policy and planning regarding patient navigation across the cancer continuum. Systematic reviews examining navigation in cancer care were identified in the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL), PubMed, Embase, Cumulative Index of Nursing and Allied Health (CINAHL), Epistemonikos, and Prospective Register of Systematic Reviews (PROSPERO) databases and in the gray literature from January 1, 2012, to April 19, 2022. Data were screened, extracted, and appraised independently by two authors. The JBI Critical Appraisal Checklist for Systematic Review and Research Syntheses was used for quality appraisal. Emerging literature up to May 25, 2022, was also explored to capture primary research published beyond the coverage of included systematic reviews. Of the 2062 unique records identified, 61 systematic reviews were included. Fifty‐four reviews were quantitative or mixed‐methods reviews, reporting on the effectiveness of cancer patient navigation, including 12 reviews reporting costs or cost‐effectiveness outcomes. Seven qualitative reviews explored navigation needs, barriers, and experiences. In addition, 53 primary studies published since 2021 were included. Patient navigation is effective in improving participation in cancer screening and reducing the time from screening to diagnosis and from diagnosis to treatment initiation. Emerging evidence suggests that patient navigation improves quality of life and patient satisfaction with care in the survivorship phase and reduces hospital readmission in the active treatment and survivorship care phases. Palliative care data were extremely limited. Economic evaluations from the United States suggest the potential cost‐effectiveness of navigation in screening programs.
Publisher: Mary Ann Liebert Inc
Date: 09-2017
Abstract: High-intensity interval training (HIIT) is superior to moderate-intensity continuous training (MICT) at improving cardiometabolic risk. However, the optimal volume of HIIT to reduce the severity of the metabolic syndrome (MetS) has yet to be investigated. The aim of this study was to examine the impact of different volumes of HIIT and MICT on MetS severity (MetS z-score). This was a substudy of the "Exercise in prevention of Metabolic Syndrome" (EX-MET) multicenter trial, reporting data collected at the Brisbane site. Ninety-nine adults diagnosed with MetS were randomized to one of the following 16-week interventions: (1) MICT [n = 34, 30 min at 60%-70% heart rate (HR) peak/session, 150 min/week] (2) 4HIIT (n = 34, 4 × 4 min bouts at 85%-95% HR peak, interspersed with 3 min active recovery at 50%-70% HR peak, 114 min/week) or (3) 1HIIT (n = 31, 1 × 4 min bout at 85%-95% HR peak, 51 min/week). Z-scores were derived from levels of MetS risk factors before and after the intervention. Eighty-one participants completed post-testing (MICT, n = 26 4HIIT, n = 28, 1HIIT, n = 27). After excluding 16 participants who had a change in medication dosage or type during the intervention, a total of 65 participants were included in the analysis [MICT, n = 22, age 55 ± 10 years, body mass index (BMI) 32 ± 6 kg/m 4HIIT, n = 22, 56 ± 10 years, 35 ± 9 kg/m Low-volume HIIT (51 min/week) was as effective as high-volume HIIT (114 min/week) and MICT (150 min/week) in ameliorating MetS severity.
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 10-2017
DOI: 10.1016/J.IJCARD.2017.07.063
Abstract: Insulin resistance has been postulated to play a central role in the co-appearance of various cardiovascular disease risk factors constituting the metabolic syndrome (MetS). There is evidence that altered cardiac autonomic function (CAF) may precede the onset of insulin resistance. Exercise training has been shown to improve CAF in different populations, yet little is known regarding the exercise dose response for CAF. The aim of this study was to investigate the impact of different volumes of high-intensity interval training (HIIT) and traditional moderate-intensity continuous training (MICT) on CAF in participants with MetS. In iduals with MetS (n=56) were randomised into the following 16-week training interventions: i) MICT (n=16, 30min at 60-70%HRpeak, 5×/week) ii) 4HIIT (n=19, 4×4min bouts at 85-95%HRpeak, interspersed with 3min of active recovery at 50-70%HRpeak, 3×/week) or iii) 1HIIT (n=21, 1×4min bout at 85-95%HRpeak, 3×/week). R-R interval recorded for 5min in a supine position at pre- and post-intervention was used to derive linear (SDNN, RMSSD, pNN50, LF, HF, LF/HF) and non-linear (SD1, SD2, Alpha1, Alpha2, S En) heart rate variability (HRV) indices as measures of CAF. Group×time interaction effects were examined (ANCOVA) and Eta squared (η While there were no significant between-group differences in CAF indices, there were small-to-medium group×time interaction effects on SDNN [F(2,52)=0.70, p=0.50, η There were no significant between-group differences for the effects of exercise dose on CAF indices, however high-volume HIIT demonstrated the greatest magnitude of effect for improving CAF in in iduals with MetS.
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 05-2019
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 04-08-2022
DOI: 10.1002/NAG.3431
Abstract: Mine slope design is a complex task that requires consideration of geotechnical analysis, structural stability, economics and the environment. Economic factors usually drive mine slope design, particularly in the case of open‐pit designs, where the process of steepening slope walls by several degrees can have profound financial implications. Due to the risks associated with catastrophic slope collapse, slope stability analysis is an integral component of open‐pit engineering projects. However, initial design concepts and geotechnical assessments are often considered separately. In this study, a technique is developed that combines the scaled boundary finite element method (SBFEM) with genetic algorithms (GAs) to simultaneously perform slope stability analysis and optimise the slope profile. The iterative design approach optimises characteristics of the slope profile such as the slope height, width, angle and number of benches while ensuring the factor of safety (FoS) remains above a threshold value. A salient feature of the technique is the ability to automatically address the modifications to the geometry of the slope by updating the digital images used in the analysis to assess the stability of each instance in the optimisation process and determine the optimum slope geometry. The results highlight the application of the developed technique to determine appropriate slope excavation designs as well as slope backfilling scenarios. The method is exemplified in several cases where complex stratigraphies and spatially variable materials are considered. As such, the GA‐driven slope design process conveys an optimised, automated tool, combining mine slope design and slope stability analysis.
Publisher: Oxford University Press (OUP)
Date: 06-1999
DOI: 10.1093/HER/14.3.315
Abstract: Beliefs about the extent to which health problems can be prevented reflect an understanding that preventive measures can reduce adverse health events and the level of control in iduals perceive that they hold over the factors that affect their health. A population survey of 1659 people conducted in 1995 in south western Sydney, Australia, found that only child drownings, tooth decay, skin cancer, and burns and scalds were considered all or mostly preventable by more than 50% of the s le. The majority of respondents did not believe that heart attacks, cervical cancer, high blood pressure, serious road injury, lung cancer and asthma deaths were all or mostly preventable. Logistic regression analysis showed that people born in an English speaking country, those with more than 10 years of education and men were significantly more likely to recognize a number of key conditions as highly preventable. The findings suggest that, in spite of the range of prevention efforts in Australia to date, these are not matched by strong beliefs within the community that prevention is possible. Communication of the opportunities and methods for prevention needs to be improved, particularly among certain population groups. The findings also indicate a need to examine social and environmental factors which are potentially reducing confidence, and subsequently and adoption of preventive behaviours.
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 03-2021
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 16-12-2023
Publisher: American Society of Mechanical Engineers
Date: 11-06-2023
No related grants have been discovered for Matthew Wallen.