ORCID Profile
0000-0002-9170-1798
Current Organisation
University of Tasmania
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Publisher: SAGE Publications
Date: 12-08-2019
Publisher: SAGE Publications
Date: 02-05-2023
DOI: 10.1177/10398562231173228
Abstract: Four Medicare Benefits Schedule item numbers for Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation (TMS) treatment of unresponsive MDD were declared in Australia in 2021. They are accompanied by rules/conditions. The aim is to consider these rules/conditions in light of recent research and real-world experience. While evidence supports some listed rules/conditions, others lack clinical justification and deserve to be reconsidered. These include (a) ineligibility of patients who have previously received TMS, (b) a lifetime total limit of 50 treatments, (c) a second/final course being unavailable for 4 months following the completion of the first course, and (d) the second/final course being limited to 15 treatments.
Publisher: SAGE Publications
Date: 04-1997
DOI: 10.3109/00048679709073830
Abstract: Objective: To provide an overview of the progress and prospects of transcranial magnetic stimulation as a psychiatric therapy for depression. Method: Published and unpublished studies of the usefulness of transcranial magnetic stimulation as a therapy for depression were assessed, and characterised in terms of a consistent measure of dosage. Additional information was obtained through correspondence, personal meetings and visits to facilities. Results: Transcranial magnetic stimulation, a means for inducing small regional currents in the brain, has been used in clinical neurology for some time, and can be used on conscious subjects with minimal side-effects. Early researchers noticed transient mood effects on people receiving this treatment, which prompted several inconclusive investigations of its effects on depressed patients. More recently, knowledge of functional abnormalities associated with depression has led to trials using repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation to stimulate underactive left prefrontal regions, an approach which has produced short-term benefits for some subjects. The higher dosage delivered by high-frequency repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation appears to produce greater benefits scope exists for more conclusive studies based on extended treatment periods. Conclusions: Repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation is a promising technology. The reviewed evidence indicates that it may be useful in the treatment of depression, and perhaps other disorders which are associated with regional hypometabolism. Should repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation prove an effective, non-invasive, drug-free treatment for depression, a range of disorders could be similarly treatable.
Publisher: SAGE Publications
Date: 19-08-2014
Publisher: SAGE Publications
Date: 11-07-2016
Abstract: We aim to explore the phenomenon of suicide by driving one vehicle into another, and draw attention to the cost to occupants of targeted vehicles. We examined academic literature, court and newspaper reports, and online sources. Driver suicide may be achieved by colliding with a fixed object or another vehicle. When a second vehicle is targeted, the occupants of that vehicle experience property loss, and potentially physical and psychiatric injury, or death. Driver suicides are associated with death of another person, in 11.3% of cases. Some suicidal in iduals are able to act with great consideration for the consequences of their actions. Every effort must be made to help suicidal people with mental disorders or other predicaments. There is a need for public discussion of suicide by targeting an oncoming vehicle. It is less likely that suicide drivers who target other vehicles are unable to choose and more likely they have not considered the consequences of their actions.
Publisher: Royal College of Psychiatrists
Date: 2015
Publisher: SAGE Publications
Date: 02-2011
DOI: 10.3109/10398562.2010.506218
Abstract: Aim: The aim of this paper was to explore the attitude toward and motives for suicide recorded in Ovid's The Metamorphoses, a document that has influenced Western culture. Method: The translation by Horace Gregory was examined. Results: Twenty-five mentions of suicidal thoughts or actions were identified, mainly by humans but also by a god, a nymph and a centaur. Fifteen suicides by humans were identified. The motives were predicaments including the loss of a loved in idual or status and the threat of murder or plague. There was one instance of intolerable physical pain and one of defiance in the face of intimidation. While there are mentions of madness, there is no mention of madness leading to suicide. There was no censure of suicide. Conclusion: Suicide in Western culture appears to have roots in ancient times.
Publisher: SAGE Publications
Date: 06-2000
DOI: 10.1046/J.1440-1665.2000.00253.X
Abstract: Emotional gear shifting (EGS) is a potential tool for the management of low mood in normal in iduals and dysthymia and a potential adjunct in the management of major depressive episode. It calls for elevating mood by conscious effort. It is based on neuroimaging and the manual gear box of the automobile.
Publisher: SAGE Publications
Date: 10-1996
DOI: 10.3109/00048679609062666
Abstract: Objective: Fiji is a Pacific nation with roughly equal numbers of indigenous Fijians and Indians. Previous studies, using police and medical records, have suggested significant racial, regional, age and gender differences in suicidal behaviour. The objective of the present study is to use a unique data set (autopsy reports) in the evaluation of earlier reports and to identify groups at greater risk. Method: Hanging and poisoning autopsy reports from two distinct regions were examined. Results: The rate of autopsy (per 100 000 population per year) among Indians (19.5) is significantly greater (p .0001) than among Fijians (1.53). In the north, among the Indians, there are more autopsies in females (21.2) than males (16.8), and hanging constitutes 85% of total suicides, while in the Central and Eastern Divisions hanging constitutes only 58% of the total. These are regional influences. Among Fijians, the rates of hanging autopsy are significantly greater (p .001) in males (1.98) than females (0.40) however, among Indians there is no significant difference. This is a racial difference. Hanging remains the preferred option for all groups. The mean age at autopsy is 31.7. There is no significant difference between the mean ages of the races, the sexes or the regions. There is no significant difference between the mean age of poisoning (31.5) and hanging (31.8). Conclusion: There is a significant racial difference in rates of suicide but the influences of region, age and method are relatively slight.
Publisher: SAGE Publications
Date: 02-2001
DOI: 10.1046/J.1440-1614.2001.00852.X
Abstract: Objective: To examine the experience, knowledge and attitudes of recipients of transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) regarding the treatment. There have been no studies of patient views about TMS. Method: A 60-item survey was administered by telephone to persons with depressive illness who received TMS at Royal Hobart Hospital, Tasmania. Results: Forty-eight patients were interviewed. About two-thirds also had a history of treatment with electroconvulsive therapy (ECT). Experience and opinions about TMS were generally very positive. Almost three-quarters of interviewees believed TMS had been helpful. The vast majority rated TMS as more acceptable than having, or the prospect of having, ECT. The majority would have TMS again and would recommend it to others. Conclusions: The mostly favourable experiences and attitudes reported by interviewees will be reassuring to patients, their families and treating health professionals when TMS is being considered.
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Date: 2007
DOI: 10.1080/00952990701301293
Abstract: To evaluate the prevalence of opium use in the Fars province, Iran. A household survey of a representative s le of 3840 people aged 15 years and over. Researchers assessed opium use disorders using a semistructured interview and the Research Version of the Structured Clinical Interview for DSM-IV Axis I, during 2003. Mean age of the s le was 33.9 years (SD = 15). Of the participants, 689 (17.9%) admitted use of opium one or more times during their lives (28.4% of men and 7.4% of women). Three hundred thirty-nine (8.8%) were current opium users (14.3% of men and 3.3% of women). Opium ever-use and current-use were not functions of marital status. Both opium ever-use and current-use are found across the educational, occupational and income spectrums. Both peaked in the 40-49 age category, suggesting that first use usually occurs before 40 years of age and that current use extends across all age groups. Men are at greater risk than women. This report provides useful information for health planning. Prevention programs should focus on those under 40 years of age, and treatment is required across all age groups.
Publisher: SAGE Publications
Date: 12-2004
Publisher: SAGE Publications
Date: 11-04-2023
DOI: 10.1177/10398562231169122
Abstract: To expand our understanding of suicide by examining reports of this behavior from the Chinese mythical era (commencing circa 1200 BCE) and drawing comparisons with subsequent eras. Four hundred recently published accounts of Chinese myths and folk tales were examined, along with supplementary material. Lists were created including one focused on attempted suicide and another on completed suicide. Comparisons were drawn with the suicide of a later era China and the current west. No evidence was located of suicide resulting from mental disorder. Six accounts of attempted suicide and 13 of completed suicide were located. Triggers included the death of a loved one, the loss of a valued possession, complicated relationships, and the avoidance of guilt and disgrace. These accord with current western behavior. There is at least fair agreement in the triggers of suicide in past eras in China and the current western era. This supports the view that suicide may be, in some instances, a customary response to circumstances.
Publisher: SAGE Publications
Date: 21-10-2020
Publisher: SAGE Publications
Date: 2008
DOI: 10.1080/00048670802119747
Abstract: The aim of the current study was to present a possible mechanism underpinning echopraxia in schizophrenia. It is proposed that echopraxia occurs in schizophrenia when the mirror neuron system provides a representation to the inferior frontal gyrus (IFG) and the motor cortex (and via the IFG, to the anterior cingulate cortex) and that this potential becomes executed movement, when the disorder is associated with decreased inhibition and increased arousal.
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 06-2013
DOI: 10.1016/J.AJP.2012.12.003
Abstract: To apply the "Operationalized Predicaments of Suicide" (OPS) to coroners' reports with a view to classifying the drivers/triggers of suicide in the Northern Territory (Australia) for the years July 2000-December 2010, with attention to the total population, and to a comparison of suicide triggers for the Indigenous and non-Indigenous communities. A total of 411 reports (Indigenous, 198 non-Indigenous, 213) were obtained from the National Coroners Information System (NCIS). A research officer thematically analysed each case report and classified each according to the four categories of the OPS. Calculations were performed for the entire s le and comparisons were made between Indigenous and non-Indigenous groups. For the total s le, 20% of suicides were triggered by mental illness, and 58% were triggered by social/environmental events. In 9% there were both mental illness and social/environmental factors, and in 14% no triggers could be identified. There were group differences the non-Indigenous group was over represented in the mental illness category and the Indigenous group was over represented in the social/environmental category (χ(2) (3) = 41.5, p = 0.000). Social/environmental stressors are important triggers of suicide in the Northern Territory. Social/environmental stressors were more often the suicide trigger in Indigenous community suicide compared to non-Indigenous community suicide.
Publisher: SAGE Publications
Date: 02-03-2021
Abstract: To examine reports of Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation (TMS) during pregnancy for evidence of fetal risk. PubMed was used to locate relevant literature for the years 1998–2020 and reference lists were examined for materials not located electronically. Ten reports were located dealing with 67 births over 20 years. Stimulation was applied is all trimesters, at low and high frequency, and as intermittent theta-burst stimulation. No mother or baby experienced a serious event. Certainty awaits large, standardized studies. However, the available reports provide no evidence that TMS to mother during pregnancy has detrimental effects on the fetus.
Publisher: SAGE Publications
Date: 04-2011
DOI: 10.3109/10398562.2011.562297
Abstract: Aim: This paper aims to examine the nature of excuses. Conclusion: The making of excuses is sometimes roundly condemned. However, an excuse is a reason offered in application for exemption from a task or for blameless status when an action has been taken (or not taken). Acceptance (or otherwise) depends on an assessment by society of the facts and a decision (by society) as to whether a sufficient quantity of energy has been exerted by the applicant. Psychoanalysis, meditation and the ageing process may assist the in idual by reducing the number of excuses submitted, and increasing the rate of excuse acceptance (by society).
Publisher: SAGE Publications
Date: 04-2000
DOI: 10.1046/J.1440-1614.2001.00886.X
Abstract: Objective: The objective of this study was to make an argument in favour of the inclusion of psychiatrists on chronic pain clinic teams. Method: The argument takes the form of answers to four central questions: (i) does pain involve an emotional experience (ii) do psychiatric disorders accompany chronic pain (iii) can psychiatric disorders present as chronic pain and (iv) which patients present to pain units, and what do we know of their personalities? Results: The affirmative case was substantiated in respect of the first three questions. In examining the last question, evidence indicates that patients who present to chronic pain units frequently have personality features that make assessment and therapy difficult. Conclusions: Psychiatry is the field of medicine where practitioners have the most experience with emotional states and personality, and is the only field where they have specialized skills in the diagnosis and treatment of psychiatric disorders. Psychiatry has much to offer in chronic pain management and chronic pain management teams should include a psychiatrist. This conclusion has resourcing and training implications.
Publisher: Oxford University Press (OUP)
Date: 06-2000
Publisher: SAGE Publications
Date: 30-08-2022
Publisher: SAGE Publications
Date: 04-2014
Abstract: To examine coroner’s reports of completed suicide in Tasmania with the intention of characterizing the influence of gender and other factors. One hundred coroner’s reports from Tasmania 2010–2012 were examined and basic demographic details (age, gender), suicide method, medical, psychiatric, psychosocial and drug factors were collected. Data were organized using the Operationalized Predicament of Suicide tool and known risk factors, and analysed using SPSS software. We found an overall male:female ratio of 3:1. When acute mental disorder was identified, the male:female ratio was 1:1. When a history of mental disorder is considered, the ratio becomes 1.44:1. When social/environmental factors triggered the event this changed greatly to 5.57:1. Males suicide more frequently than females but this difference disappears when only those with mental disorder at the time of death are considered, and almost disappears when a history of mental disorder are considered. Higher suicide rates of males are driven by social/environmental stressors. These results have implications for understanding the key drivers of suicide, and developing appropriate preventative strategies.
Publisher: SAGE Publications
Date: 08-2011
Publisher: SAGE Publications
Date: 10-2011
DOI: 10.3109/10398562.2011.610463
Abstract: Objective: The aim of this study was to examine “The Madman and the Lethargist”, by Samuel Coleridge, with respect to its contribution to the history of psychiatric disorders. Conclusion: While primarily a political allegory, this poem indicates that to the non-medical Briton (Coleridge, albeit an educated one) of the late 18th century, a distinction was not necessarily made between mad and non-mad sick people. Also, that even dangerous mad people were considered potentially curable.
Publisher: Hindawi Limited
Date: 2000
Publisher: Hindawi Limited
Date: 2000
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 09-2021
Publisher: SAGE Publications
Date: 12-2009
DOI: 10.3109/00048670903279861
Abstract: Objective: The aim of the present study was to characterize suicide in the Northern Territory (NT) for the 6 year period 1 January 2001-31 December 2006. Method: Suicide death rates by area (Australia, NT), sex, and Indigenous status for the period of 2001–2006 were obtained from the National Coroners Information System through the Victorian Institute of Forensic Medicine. Population f gures were obtained from the Australian Bureau of Statistics. Results: For this period the suicide rate of NT (21.6 per 100 000) was double the national rate ( 11 ), and the rate for NT Indigenous people (36.7) was signif cantly higher (p 0.001) than that of NT non-Indigenous people (14.7). There was a decline in the suicide rate for Australia of −8.6%% for NT, −6.3%% for NT non-Indigenous, −3.3%% and for NT Indigenous, −9.0%%. The sex difference was signif cant (p 0.001) for both Australia and the NT with male subjects having a higher suicide rate than female subjects. With respect to age group, some evidence suggested an earlier peak for NT Indigenous compared to NT non-Indigenous people. Hanging was more common in NT than in the rest of the country and accounted for 87%% of Indigenous suicide. Conclusion: Suicide is more common in NT than in Australia generally, and more common in NT Indigenous than NT non-Indigenous people. There is evidence of a decline in suicide rates across the board.
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Date: 2006
DOI: 10.1080/03655230600895457
Abstract: There is a good theoretical basis and early research evidence suggesting that transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) may have treatment potential in tinnitus. Further studies with larger s le sizes and additional assessment of neurobiological effects are necessary. Tinnitus is a common and often severely disabling disorder for which there is no satisfactory treatment. TMS is a new, non-invasive method of modifying the excitability of the cerebral cortex, which has proven effective in auditory hallucinations and other disorders. Some early studies have been published in which TMS has been used in the treatment of tinnitus. The objective of this paper is to examine the literature and consider the potential for TMS as a therapy in tinnitus. A thorough search of the tinnitus and TMS literature was conducted, and all available relevant material was examined. Tinnitus is common, with a prevalence of 8.2% in subjects aged 50 years and over, and may be associated with great distress (tinnitus sufferers). There are no effective treatments. Tinnitus is frequently associated with deafness, and may be the result of a pathological plasticity process. Neuroimaging studies demonstrate increased activity within the central auditory system. TMS is a non-invasive method of modulating excitability in cerebral cortex. It uses electromagnetic principles and has been successfully employed in the treatment of other conditions associated with increased activity of the cerebral cortex. Meanwhile, a growing number of studies suggest that repetitive TMS may be effective in the treatment of chronic tinnitus.
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 07-2023
Publisher: SAGE Publications
Date: 20-11-2014
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 09-2004
Publisher: Oxford University Press (OUP)
Date: 06-2000
Publisher: SAGE Publications
Date: 10-2010
DOI: 10.3109/10398562.2010.498053
Abstract: Objective: The aim of this paper was to examine accounts on the public record of suicide by couples, with a view to extending our clinical understanding of such events. Method: A collection of print reports was examined and a web search was conducted. Cases were generally only accepted when the names, ages, locations and method of death of the in iduals were provided, along with sufficient detail to convey the rudiments of the social and physical setting. Cases were then arranged into groups and classified using a typology of suicide. Results: Twelve cases were identified which provide valuable insights into the lives of couples who suicide. We found 11 married female-male couples and one female-female couple. A large group (seven couples) was characterized by severe or terminal illness in one or both partners. A small group (three couples) was characterized by serious legal problems. One couple was grieving the loss of an only child, and one ex le involved a psychotic in idual, folie a deux and consequent social stressors. The terminal illness group, the legal difficulties group and the bereaved couple could be classified as ‘Type 3 suicide’ according to the first author's suicide classification. The case involving the psychotic in idual and consequent social stressors could be classified as a combination of Type 1 and Type 3 suicide. Conclusion: Reports on the public record of suicide by couples provide valuable insights into the lives of participants, and their suicides could be grouped (terminal illness, legal difficulties, other) and classified using a typology.
Publisher: SAGE Publications
Date: 24-01-2022
Publisher: SAGE Publications
Date: 18-08-2014
Abstract: To determine whether English literature contains depictions of medicalisation by non-medical people. English literature was examined by us and skilled readers. We identified four ex les: two from Macbeth and two from Vanity Fair. Not only were non-medical people the instigators, but in each publication there is one ex le of the advice of a medical professional (whom denied the existence of a medical problem) opinion being rejected. Evidence from the work of respected authors indicates that medicalisation was practiced long before it was described in the 1970s, that it may be instigated by non-medical people, and that it may continue after medical professionals deny the existence of medical problems.
Publisher: SAGE Publications
Date: 2008
DOI: 10.1080/10398560802027310
Abstract: Aim: This paper uses the public record to explore the relationship between reputation damage and suicide. Method: The public record of the last 20 years was examined for ex les of in iduals without evidence of mental disorder who suffered actual or threatened reputation damage and suicided shortly thereafter. Results: Fifteen in idual cases were identified 18 additional cases, less comprehensively detailed, were mentioned in reports of The Wood Royal Commission and Operation Auxin. All cases were male. Of the 15 in idual cases, the average age was 55 years, with a range of 40 to 76 years. The available details of the 18 additional cases were consistent with these findings. Conclusion: Middle-aged males without clear evidence of mental disorder, who suffer actual or threatened reputation damage, may be at increased risk of suicide. Naming and shaming needs to be conducted with caution.
Publisher: SAGE Publications
Date: 10-2002
DOI: 10.1046/J.1440-1614.2002.01082.X
Abstract: Objective: In normal subjects, motor evoked potentials (MEPs) produced by transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) from the motor cortex are increased after non-fatiguing exercise of hand muscles. This phenomenon is called post-exercise facilitation. This study aims to test the hypothesis that psychiatric syndromes (major depressive episode, schizophrenia) have different levels of post-exercise facilitation compared to controls. Methods: Patients with DSM-IV major depressive episode (six female, four male), schizophrenia (two female, nine male) and a control group (nine female, four male) participated. MEPs were elicited pre- and post-exercise from the contralateral abductor pollicis brevis by TMS over the primary motor cortex. Results: Post-exercise facilitation expressed as a percentage of baseline was 510% in controls, 110% in depression and 190% in schizophrenia. There were significant differences in patients with depression and schizophrenia compared to controls (p = 0.0001, p = 0.0008). Conclusions: Post-exercise facilitation was reduced in depression and schizophrenia, suggesting impaired cortical excitability in these disorders. Further studies may discriminate between the two groups.
Publisher: BENTHAM SCIENCE PUBLISHERS
Date: 31-05-2010
DOI: 10.2174/97816080516941100101
Abstract: "Suicide and Predicament: the medical model of suicide is incomplete" takes a broad view of suicide. It argues that a large proportion of people who suicide do not have a mental disorder, and therefore it is essential to know about the predicaments of people. The book draws on sociology and takes issue with the medicalization of distress and suicide. It discusses genetics and draws attention to the importance of alcohol in suicide. It takes as ex les, 127 suicide cases found in public record. Unique features include 1) predicament model, 2) pathways model, 3) typology of suicide, and 4) prevention initiatives.
Publisher: SAGE Publications
Date: 06-2012
Publisher: SAGE Publications
Date: 03-2000
Publisher: SAGE Publications
Date: 13-05-2022
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 05-2013
Publisher: SAGE Publications
Date: 12-2011
DOI: 10.3109/10398562.2011.619267
Abstract: Objective: The aim of this article is to describe the circumstances surrounding the suicide of Adam Czerniakow during the Holocaust. Method: Examination of Czerniakow's (translated) diary and other Holocaust literature. Results: Head of the “Judenrat” (Jewish Council) in the Warsaw ghetto, Czerniakow had the impossible task of obeying oppressive German orders, while trying to serve and protect his people. Following instruction to have ready for deportation from the ghetto several thousand Jews each day, Czerniakow took his life. Although Czerniakow may not have known the precise destination of those deported (they were sent to death c s), he is believed to have held grave fears for their fate. Conclusions: Suicide in the context of avoiding having to perform an unacceptable task is not commonly recorded, but may have applied in Czerniakow's case and was not infrequent among Judenrat members.
Publisher: SAGE Publications
Date: 12-1995
DOI: 10.3109/00048679509064983
Abstract: Objective: The aim of the paper is to examine the statistics for violence performed by self or others in Fiji during the period 1969–1989 in the following sub-classifications: (1) fatal vs non-fatal (2) Fijian vs Indian and (3) male vs female. Method: Crude rates per 100,000 were determined and the data sets were statistically examined. Results: (1) Violence by self, which includes suicide and non-fatal injury by self, has significantly increased (2) Indian violence by self has increased in both males and females (3) suicide is 4 times more common than homicide, whereas non-fatal injury by others is 4 times more common than non-fatal injury by self (4) non-fatal injury by self is 8 times more common than suicide, whereas non-fatal injury by others is over 100 times more common than homicide (5) Indian violence by self is 6 times more common than Fijian violence by self, whereas Fijians experience violence by others 2.5 times more commonly than Indians (6) female violence by self is 1.5 times more common than male violence by self, whereas male violence by others is 3 times more common than female violence by others (7) the rates of suicide and homicide are low by international standards and (8) Fijian violence by self is particularly low, but consistent with the low suicide rate of the indigenous populations in surrounding geographical regions. Conclusion: Our findings suggest that racial differences in violence are likely to be due to cultural factors.
Publisher: SAGE Publications
Date: 07-2015
Publisher: SAGE Publications
Date: 10-1996
DOI: 10.3109/00048679609062666
Abstract: Objective: Fiji is a Pacific nation with roughly equal numbers of indigenous Fijians and Indians. Previous studies, using police and medical records, have suggested significant racial, regional, age and gender differences in suicidal behaviour. The objective of the present study is to use a unique data set (autopsy reports) in the evaluation of earlier reports and to identify groups at greater risk. Method: Hanging and poisoning autopsy reports from two distinct regions were examined. Results: The rate of autopsy (per 100 000 population per year) among Indians (19.5) is significantly greater (p .0001) than among Fijians (1.53). In the north, among the Indians, there are more autopsies in females (21.2) than males (16.8), and hanging constitutes 85% of total suicides, while in the Central and Eastern Divisions hanging constitutes only 58% of the total. These are regional influences. Among Fijians, the rates of hanging autopsy are significantly greater (p .001) in males (1.98) than females (0.40) however, among Indians there is no significant difference. This is a racial difference. Hanging remains the preferred option for all groups. The mean age at autopsy is 31.7. There is no significant difference between the mean ages of the races, the sexes or the regions. There is no significant difference between the mean age of poisoning (31.5) and hanging (31.8). Conclusion: There is a significant racial difference in rates of suicide but the influences of region, age and method are relatively slight.
Publisher: SAGE Publications
Date: 04-10-2023
Publisher: SAGE Publications
Date: 12-1995
DOI: 10.3109/00048679509064985
Abstract: Objective: Hereditary spastic paraplegia (HSP) with dementia is a very rare condition. The aim of the paper is to present the first report of HSP in a Fijian Indian family. Method: A psychiatrist and a general physician examined the affected members of the family on five occasions over three years. Results: There are three affected in iduals In a sibship of seven. The parents are without symptoms and the marriage is non-consanguineous. The course of the disease has been remarkably similar. All subjects were healthy and performing well in the early years of school. In two, symptoms of cognitive loss preceded difficulty with ambulation and in the third, these symptoms appeared concurrently. All subjects had both symptoms by 13 years of age they were unable to ambulate independently by the mid to late teens, at which time there was dysarthria spastic paraplegia and dementia. One subject suffered a three month episode of hypomanic behaviour. Over the three-year study period deterioration was slight but noticeable. Conclusions: It is possible that HSP is more commonly associated with pre-senile dementia than is currently recognised. HSP with dementia is a very rare cause of failing school performance. Physical examination of the patient and other family members is indicated if this diagnosis is being considered.
Publisher: SAGE Publications
Date: 23-10-2012
Abstract: The aim of this article is to describe a complex case of apparent flat affect in a particular workplace. Mafia operatives display apparent flat affect during working hours.
Publisher: ScopeMed
Date: 2013
Publisher: SAGE Publications
Date: 04-1997
DOI: 10.3109/00048679709073830
Abstract: Objective: To provide an overview of the progress and prospects of transcranial magnetic stimulation as a psychiatric therapy for depression. Method: Published and unpublished studies of the usefulness of transcranial magnetic stimulation as a therapy for depression were assessed, and characterised in terms of a consistent measure of dosage. Additional information was obtained through correspondence, personal meetings and visits to facilities. Results: Transcranial magnetic stimulation, a means for inducing small regional currents in the brain, has been used in clinical neurology for some time, and can be used on conscious subjects with minimal side-effects. Early researchers noticed transient mood effects on people receiving this treatment, which prompted several inconclusive investigations of its effects on depressed patients. More recently, knowledge of functional abnormalities associated with depression has led to trials using repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation to stimulate underactive left prefrontal regions, an approach which has produced short-term benefits for some subjects. The higher dosage delivered by high-frequency repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation appears to produce greater benefits scope exists for more conclusive studies based on extended treatment periods. Conclusions: Repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation is a promising technology. The reviewed evidence indicates that it may be useful in the treatment of depression, and perhaps other disorders which are associated with regional hypometabolism. Should repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation prove an effective, non-invasive, drug-free treatment for depression, a range of disorders could be similarly treatable.
Publisher: SAGE Publications
Date: 08-2015
Abstract: We aim to outline the notion of predicament suicide and progress in the field. The term predicament suicide was initially applied when the in idual without mental disorder completed suicide to escape intolerable circumstances. Subsequently, painful untreated or unresponsive mental disorder was conceptualized as an internal predicament and the term was applied to all suicide. It continues to be used in both the restricted and broad forms. Our group has substantiated the restricted form by describing suicide in the setting of financial loss, forced marriage and other predicaments. The broad form gave rise to the Operationalized Predicaments of Suicide tool for use in quantitative research. Some literature from other workers supports the general thrust of the notion.
Publisher: SAGE Publications
Date: 02-2016
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 14-03-2006
DOI: 10.1111/J.1440-1819.2006.01477.X
Abstract: Tinnitus is a common and often severely disabling disorder for which there is no satisfactory treatment. Transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) is a new, non-invasive method of modifying the excitability of the cerebral cortex, which has proven effective in auditory hallucinations and other disorders. Some early studies have been published in which TMS has been trialed in the treatment of tinnitus. The aim of the present paper was to examine the literature and consider the potential for TMS as a therapy in tinnitus. A thorough search of the tinnitus and TMS literature was conducted, and all available relevant material was examined. Discussions were held with leaders in both fields. Tinnitus is common and there are no effective treatments. It is frequently associated with deafness, and may be the result of a pathological plastic process, secondary to loss of innervation of the outer hair cells of the cochlea. Neuroimaging studies demonstrate increase blood flow to the primary and secondary auditory cortices, particularly on the left side. Transcranial magnetic stimulation is a non-invasive method of perturbing and inducing change in the cerebral cortex. It uses electromagnetic principles and has been successfully employed in the treatment of other conditions associated with increased activity of the cerebral cortex. A small number of studies have suggested that TMS may be effective in the treatment of tinnitus. There is a good theoretical basis and early research evidence suggesting that TMS may have treatment potential in tinnitus. Further, larger studies are necessary.
Publisher: SAGE Publications
Date: 04-1999
DOI: 10.1046/J.1440-1614.1999.00550.X
Abstract: Objective: The aim of this paper is to report the effect of rapid transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) on the mood and dexamethasone suppression test (DST) of a patient with major depressive disorder (DSM-IV). Clinical picture: A36-year-old woman with a past history of prolactinoma and recurrent major depressive disorder presented with major depression on three separate occasions over a 3-month period. DST was positive on each occasion. Treatment: During each episode, a course of rTMS was given. Courses varied from seven to 13 once-daily treatment sessions depending on clinical response. These treatment sessions were 20 trains of 10 Hz for 5 s at 100% of motor threshold. Outcome: Remission was achieved, psychiatric rating scales improved and the DST status converted from positive to negative. There were no side effects. Conclusion: DST status in major depressive disorder can be converted from positive to negative by rTMS. This so far unreported observation increases our knowledge of rTMS.
Publisher: Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)
Date: 07-2006
DOI: 10.1016/J.PAIN.2006.02.030
Abstract: Research has shown that transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) results in a transient reduction in the experience of chronic pain. The present research aimed to investigate whether a single session of high frequency TMS is able to change the sensory thresholds of in iduals suffering from chronic pain. Detection and pain thresholds for cold and heat sensations were measured before and after 20Hz repetitive TMS (rTMS) administered over the motor cortex. A significant decrease in temperature for cold detection and pain thresholds and a significant increase in temperature for heat pain thresholds were evident following a single session of rTMS. In contrast, no change in detection and pain thresholds was obtained following sham rTMS. The finding that rTMS can have a direct effect on sensory thresholds in in iduals suffering from chronic pain has implications for the therapeutic use of rTMS in the relief of chronic pain.
Publisher: SAGE Publications
Date: 12-2011
Publisher: SAGE Publications
Date: 18-10-2013
Abstract: To determine whether fiction (narrative products) deals with the issue of suicide and, if so, what it tells us about suicide “drivers”. Accounts of suicide in narrative products were sought through web-based lists, book club members, other active readers and a prize-winning film writer and producer. Seventy-one depictions of fictional suicidal events were identified. In 12 suicides, the author appeared to indicate that the death was directly or indirectly due to mental disorder. In 15 suicides, the motivation could not be determined by the reader, and in 44 cases the motivation was social/situational factors. Suicidal events are depicted in fiction, and the features are broadly similar to the features of suicide in the real world. Should it be determined that cultural influences, including fiction, are important in suicide, any preventive activities aimed at modifying cultural influences will need to consider all forms of narrative product.
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 30-09-2010
Publisher: SAGE Publications
Date: 12-1995
DOI: 10.3109/00048679509064983
Abstract: Objective: The aim of the paper is to examine the statistics for violence performed by self or others in Fiji during the period 1969–1989 in the following sub-classifications: (1) fatal vs non-fatal (2) Fijian vs Indian and (3) male vs female. Method: Crude rates per 100,000 were determined and the data sets were statistically examined. Results: (1) Violence by self, which includes suicide and non-fatal injury by self, has significantly increased (2) Indian violence by self has increased in both males and females (3) suicide is 4 times more common than homicide, whereas non-fatal injury by others is 4 times more common than non-fatal injury by self (4) non-fatal injury by self is 8 times more common than suicide, whereas non-fatal injury by others is over 100 times more common than homicide (5) Indian violence by self is 6 times more common than Fijian violence by self, whereas Fijians experience violence by others 2.5 times more commonly than Indians (6) female violence by self is 1.5 times more common than male violence by self, whereas male violence by others is 3 times more common than female violence by others (7) the rates of suicide and homicide are low by international standards and (8) Fijian violence by self is particularly low, but consistent with the low suicide rate of the indigenous populations in surrounding geographical regions. Conclusion: Our findings suggest that racial differences in violence are likely to be due to cultural factors.
Publisher: SAGE Publications
Date: 28-08-2022
DOI: 10.1177/00048674211043047
Abstract: Despite more than 25 years of research establishing the antidepressant efficacy of repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation, there remains uncertainty about the depth and breadth of this evidence base, resulting in confusion as to where repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation fits in the therapeutic armamentarium in the management of patients with mood disorders. The purpose of this article is to provide a concise description of the evidence base supporting the use of repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation in the context of the stages of research that typically accompanies the development of evidence for a new therapy. The antidepressant efficacy for the use of repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation in the treatment of depression has been established through a relatively traditional pathway beginning with small case series, progressing to single-site clinical trials and then to larger multisite randomised double-blind controlled trials. Antidepressant effects have been confirmed in numerous meta-analyses followed more recently by large network meta-analysis and umbrella reviews, with evidence that repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation may have greater efficacy than alternatives for patients with treatment-resistant depression. Finally, repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation has been shown to produce meaningful response and remission rates in real-world s les of greater than 5000 patients. The evidence for the antidepressant efficacy of repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation therapy is overwhelming, and it should be considered a routine part of clinical care wherever available.
Publisher: SAGE Publications
Date: 10-08-2021
Abstract: To examine the impact (if any) of a course of transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) on irritability occurring in association with acute major depressive disorder (MDD). In a naturalistic study, patients with MDD according to DSM-5 criteria were given 20 daily TMS treatments. A visual analogue scale for irritability (VAS-I) was developed. Objective tools included the six-item Hamilton Depression Rating Scale (HAMDS6) and the Clinical Global Impression - Severity (CGI-S). Fifty patients received 53 courses. Forty-seven courses achieved remission on both HAMD6 and CGI-S and six courses did not achieve remission with either. Irritability significantly reduced when MDD remission was achieved but was unchanged when remission was not achieved. TMS reduces irritability occurring in association with MDD when this treatment affects MDD remission, but not when remission is not affected.
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 12-2001
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Date: 2007
DOI: 10.1080/00952990701301293
Abstract: To evaluate the prevalence of opium use in the Fars province, Iran. A household survey of a representative s le of 3840 people aged 15 years and over. Researchers assessed opium use disorders using a semistructured interview and the Research Version of the Structured Clinical Interview for DSM-IV Axis I, during 2003. Mean age of the s le was 33.9 years (SD = 15). Of the participants, 689 (17.9%) admitted use of opium one or more times during their lives (28.4% of men and 7.4% of women). Three hundred thirty-nine (8.8%) were current opium users (14.3% of men and 3.3% of women). Opium ever-use and current-use were not functions of marital status. Both opium ever-use and current-use are found across the educational, occupational and income spectrums. Both peaked in the 40-49 age category, suggesting that first use usually occurs before 40 years of age and that current use extends across all age groups. Men are at greater risk than women. This report provides useful information for health planning. Prevention programs should focus on those under 40 years of age, and treatment is required across all age groups.
Publisher: SAGE Publications
Date: 10-08-2020
Publisher: SAGE Publications
Date: 2008
Publisher: SAGE Publications
Date: 06-2011
DOI: 10.3109/10398562.2011.579126
Abstract: Aim: To explore whether a healthy, successful in idual may experience suicidal desires. Method: Examination of “A Confession” by Leo Tolstoy. Results: Confirmation that a physically and mentally healthy, well resourced in idual may experience suicidal desires. Conclusion: To reduce suicide rates, a broader understanding of the factors which contribute to suicidal desires is required.
Publisher: SAGE Publications
Date: 06-12-2020
Publisher: SAGE Publications
Date: 04-2014
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 12-2013
DOI: 10.5694/MJA13.10724
Abstract: To describe the depiction of completed suicide, non-fatal suicidal acts and suicidal thought in Western opera over the past four centuries. Examination of synopses all of the operas listed in a recent monograph covering a selection of operas written in the period 1607-2006. Frequency of completed suicides, non-fatal suicidal acts and suicidal thoughts over the entire 400-year period and in separate 100-year periods (1607-1706, 1707-1806, 1807-1906 and 1907-2006) circumstances of suicides sex of the suicidal characters and, for completed suicide, the method. There were 337 operas in total. In 112 (33%), there was completed suicide alone, non-fatal suicidal acts or suicidal thoughts alone, or both. There was at least one suicide in 74 operas (22%) female characters accounted for 56% of these. Non-fatal suicidal acts or suicidal thoughts were found in 48 operas (14%) male characters accounted for 57% of these. Suicide, non-fatal acts and suicidal thoughts always followed an undesirable event or situation. Cutting or stabbing was the most common method of suicide (26 cases). Other methods included poisoning (15 cases), drowning (10 cases), hanging (four cases), asphyxiation (four cases), "supernatural" methods (four cases), immolation (three cases), jumping from a height (two cases), shooting (one) and blunt trauma (one). Mass suicide occurred on two occasions. Over several centuries in opera, suicide has been frequently represented as an option when characters have been faced with a distressing event or situation. Historical fluctuations in the frequency of suicidal behaviour in opera may be explained by changes in attitudes towards suicide and its conceptualisation.
Publisher: SAGE Publications
Date: 08-2010
DOI: 10.3109/10398561003731197
Abstract: Objective: The aim of this paper is to examine information regarding insane people and style of word use in The Expression of the Emotions in Man and Animals. Conclusion: Some of the observations about 19th century patients are not consistent with current observations. These discrepancies may have arisen due to different management practices. Some of these observations may have been or be mistaken. The style of words would be considered discriminatory by current standards. Darwin and his informants were of the highest moral and ethical caliber. However, attitudes and the style of word use has changed over the last century.
Publisher: SAGE Publications
Date: 08-2012
Publisher: SAGE Publications
Date: 22-09-2020
Abstract: First, to conduct a historical review of the evidence for repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) for major depressive disorder and determine a clinical algorithm. Second, to identify opportunities for research. Literature searches were conducted of the MEDLINE database, UpToDate and the Australian National University Library SuperSearch from 1 January 2000 to 30 September 2019. The search terms used were ‘transcranial magnetic stimulation’, ‘major depressive disorder’ and ‘depression’. There were 24 meta-analyses identified, demonstrating a clear clinical effect. Left high-frequency rTMS had the most evidence. Ideal clinical parameters and study design were explored. Use of rTMS for some patients with depression is justified. Open research questions include the comparative efficacy of right low-frequency and bilateral stimulation, the role of rTMS in medication-naïve patients, and maintenance of effect.
Publisher: SAGE Publications
Date: 12-2012
Publisher: SAGE Publications
Date: 2009
DOI: 10.1080/10398560802596843
Abstract: Objective: The aim of this paper is to examine the cultural roots and transmission of Western suicide and suicidal behaviour. Method: We explored a period of antiquity (mythical Greece − 61 CE) and selected accounts of 10 prominent suicides. The precipitating circumstances were tabulated and an assessment made of the most likely attendant emotions. The same process was followed for a recent period (1994–2008), from which 10 suicides were identified. The precipitating circumstances and the attendant emotions were compared. These circumstances and emotions were then compared to statements commonly encountered in clinical practice from people demonstrating suicidal behaviour. Finally, we looked for evidence that these stories (and the response models) had entered Western culture. Results: Precipitating circumstances, loss of a loved one, actual or imminent execution or imprisonment, other losses and public disgrace, and the negative emotions of shame, guilt, fear, anger, grief and sorrow were common to both historical periods. These circumstances and emotions are similar to those commonly expressed by people who have demonstrated suicidal behaviour. There was a clear record (literature, visual arts) of these stories forming part of our cultural heritage. Conclusion: Models of maladaptive responses to certain adverse circumstances are part of Western culture. Suicide as a response to certain circumstances and negative emotions can be traced back more than 2000 years. Cultural change will be necessary to minimize suicide.
Publisher: SAGE Publications
Date: 04-09-2020
Publisher: SAGE Publications
Date: 12-2009
DOI: 10.3109/00048670903279861
Abstract: Objective: The aim of the present study was to characterize suicide in the Northern Territory (NT) for the 6 year period 1 January 2001-31 December 2006. Method: Suicide death rates by area (Australia, NT), sex, and Indigenous status for the period of 2001–2006 were obtained from the National Coroners Information System through the Victorian Institute of Forensic Medicine. Population f gures were obtained from the Australian Bureau of Statistics. Results: For this period the suicide rate of NT (21.6 per 100 000) was double the national rate ( 11 ), and the rate for NT Indigenous people (36.7) was signif cantly higher (p 0.001) than that of NT non-Indigenous people (14.7). There was a decline in the suicide rate for Australia of −8.6%% for NT, −6.3%% for NT non-Indigenous, −3.3%% and for NT Indigenous, −9.0%%. The sex difference was signif cant (p 0.001) for both Australia and the NT with male subjects having a higher suicide rate than female subjects. With respect to age group, some evidence suggested an earlier peak for NT Indigenous compared to NT non-Indigenous people. Hanging was more common in NT than in the rest of the country and accounted for 87%% of Indigenous suicide. Conclusion: Suicide is more common in NT than in Australia generally, and more common in NT Indigenous than NT non-Indigenous people. There is evidence of a decline in suicide rates across the board.
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Date: 06-2011
Publisher: SAGE Publications
Date: 2009
DOI: 10.1080/10398560802614158
Abstract: Objective: The aim of this paper is to introduce the term ‘predicament suicide’ and add to the evidence that suicide may occur in the absence of Axis I diagnoses. Method: The term ‘predicament suicide’ was described as suicide which occurs when the in idual without mental disorder is in unacceptable circumstances from which they cannot find an acceptable alternative means of escape. Accounts of suicide that satisfied these criteria, and could be illustrated by images, were sought. Results: Four accounts were identified: Ajax, Brutus, Mayor Freyberg and Commander Donnicke. Conclusions: Predicament suicide appears to be a useful designation. This work added evidence indicating that suicide may occur in the absence of an Axis I mental disorder.
Publisher: SAGE Publications
Date: 06-07-2012
Abstract: The objective was to examine the assumption that suicide is inevitably preventable. Suicide may not always be avoidable. This does not mean that every effort should not be made to prevent it or vigorously treat illnesses that are often contributory. The assumption, however, may give rise to undue optimism, and unjustified blame when suicides do occur.
Publisher: Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)
Date: 06-2001
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 10-1999
DOI: 10.1046/J.1440-1819.1999.00603.X
Abstract: Transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) is a new technology that applies the principles of electromagnetism to deliver an electrical field to the cerebral cortices. Well established in diagnostic electrophysiology, TMS is now being studied as a treatment for psychiatric disorders. Evidence suggests this technique is safe and acceptable to patients. The future may see the application of TMS in obsessive-compulsive disorder, post-traumatic stress disorder and mania. There is strong evidence that it will become an accepted treatment of depression.
Publisher: SAGE Publications
Date: 08-2011
DOI: 10.3109/10398562.2011.603331
Abstract: Objective: The aim of this study was to examine the folk stories of Norway, Iceland and Finland with a view to discovering accounts of suicide as an escape option from intolerable predicaments, and to compare any such accounts with material from Southern Europe. Method: The Poetic Edda (Norway/Iceland) and The Kalevala (Finland) were examined for accounts of suicide, and evidence regarding the influence of these texts and in idual accounts was collected. Results: The Poetic Edda provided one account and The Kalevala three accounts of suicide performed as a means of escaping intolerable situations. Both the Poetic Edda and The Kalevala are in public awareness and have influenced the politics and culture of their respective regions. The in idual suicides have been depicted in literature, music and the visual arts, from the distant past to the present time. Conclusion: Suicide as a means of escape from intolerable predicaments has been public knowledge in these regions for a millennium. This is consistent with findings from Southern Europe and substantiates that intolerable predicaments may lead to suicide.
Publisher: Scientific Research Publishing, Inc.
Date: 2016
Publisher: SAGE Publications
Date: 10-2010
DOI: 10.3109/10398562.2010.498517
Abstract: Objective: The aim of this paper was to examine two cases of suicide (apparently ‘Type 3’, according to a new classification) by in iduals without high public profiles that appeared in the press in February 2010, and to determine shared characteristics. Method: All the available public record evidence was examined. Comprehensive accounts of the events of the lives of the in iduals were compiled, and a comparison of characteristics was performed. Results: Andrew Joseph Stack III and Brodie Rae Constance Panlock differed in country of residence, gender, age, and marital, parenting, educational and employment status. However, neither manifested evidence of a mental disorder and both were in a predicament created by external factors. They met criteria for Type 3 suicide (suicide when there is no mental disorder and the predicament to which the in idual is exposed is very clear to the observer). Conclusion: These cases support the concept of Type 3 suicide. Apart from the absence of mental disorder and the presence of an external predicament, there were no other shared characteristics, suggesting that Type 3 suicide is not restricted to a particular group.
Publisher: SAGE Publications
Date: 2009
DOI: 10.1080/10398560802375982
Abstract: Objective: ‘Theory of mind’ (ToM) arose from the study of primates and their social organization, and scholars in many fields – philosophy, anthropology, psychology, psychiatry and neuroscience – have contributed to this expanding topic. In this paper, we provide an overview of aspects of ToM of relevance to psychiatry. We briefly describe the origins of ToM in primates and humans and some relevant neurobiology, and then touch on possible contributions to psychopathology. Method: We searched for articles on PubMed and Medline, using the terms ‘theory of mind’, ‘mirror neuron system’ and ‘psychiatry’. Conclusion: There is evidence that ToM deficits are important in certain psychiatric disorders. While more research is required, an appreciation of ToM will have an impact on our further understanding and management of at least some mental disorders, including autism and schizophrenia.
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 02-1999
DOI: 10.1046/J.1440-1819.1999.00467.X
Abstract: Non-suppression of post-dexamethasone cortisol is a feature of endogenous/melancholic depression. Normalization of the dexamethasone suppresion test (DST) response is a feature of remission and antidepressant treatment. Twelve consecutive depressed non-suppressers were treated with rapid transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS). Six demonstrated normalization and good clinical improvement which was sustained for at least 1 month. Thus, rTMS has some biological effects in common with other antidepressant treatments.
Publisher: SAGE Publications
Date: 28-07-2021
Abstract: To determine the impact of clustered maintenance transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) on irritability occurring in treatment-resistant major depressive disorder (MDD). A naturalistic study of 106 courses that includes pre- and posttreatment assessments of subjective and objective depression and a subjective measure of irritability developed for this study. Forty-six participants (35 females), mean age 43.2 years (14.3), completed 106 courses. There was a significant reduction in irritability and depression scores ( p .001). The change in irritability scores was significantly correlated with the change in depression scores, r = .40, p .001. TMS has the capacity to reduce the irritability co-occurring with treatment-resistant MDD, known to be responsive to TMS. This increases the possibility of using TMS in the treatment of irritability co-occurring with other disorders or standing alone (should irritability be categorized as a stand-alone disorder).
Publisher: SAGE Publications
Date: 30-12-2022
DOI: 10.1177/00048674211068788
Abstract: Following on from the publication of the Royal Australian and New Zealand Journal of Psychiatry Mood Disorder Clinical Practice Guidelines (2020) and criticisms of how these aberrantly addressed repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation treatment of depression, questions have continued to be raised in the journal about this treatment by a small group of authors, whose views we contend do not reflect the broad acceptance of this treatment nationally and internationally. In fact, the evidence supporting the use of repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation treatment in depression is unambiguous and substantial, consisting of an extensive series of clinical trials supported by multiple meta-analyses, network meta-analysis and umbrella reviews. Importantly, the use of repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation treatment in depression has also been subject to a series of health economic analyses. These indicate that repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation is a cost-effective therapy and have been used in some jurisdictions, including Australia, in support of public funding. An argument has been made that offering repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation treatment may delay potentially effective pharmacotherapy. In fact, there is considerably greater danger of the opposite happening. Repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation is as, if not more effective, than antidepressant medication after two unsuccessful medication trials and should be a consideration for all patients under these circumstances where available. There is no meaningful ongoing debate about the use of repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation treatment in depression - it is a safe, effective and cost-effective treatment.
Publisher: SAGE Publications
Date: 12-1995
DOI: 10.3109/00048679509064985
Abstract: Objective: Hereditary spastic paraplegia (HSP) with dementia is a very rare condition. The aim of the paper is to present the first report of HSP in a Fijian Indian family. Method: A psychiatrist and a general physician examined the affected members of the family on five occasions over three years. Results: There are three affected in iduals In a sibship of seven. The parents are without symptoms and the marriage is non-consanguineous. The course of the disease has been remarkably similar. All subjects were healthy and performing well in the early years of school. In two, symptoms of cognitive loss preceded difficulty with ambulation and in the third, these symptoms appeared concurrently. All subjects had both symptoms by 13 years of age they were unable to ambulate independently by the mid to late teens, at which time there was dysarthria spastic paraplegia and dementia. One subject suffered a three month episode of hypomanic behaviour. Over the three-year study period deterioration was slight but noticeable. Conclusions: It is possible that HSP is more commonly associated with pre-senile dementia than is currently recognised. HSP with dementia is a very rare cause of failing school performance. Physical examination of the patient and other family members is indicated if this diagnosis is being considered.
Publisher: SAGE Publications
Date: 04-11-2020
Publisher: SAGE Publications
Date: 06-2011
Publisher: SAGE Publications
Date: 04-11-2013
Abstract: Our aim was (1) to examine global and Australian data with a view to determining the presence of an inverse relationship between suicide and homicide rates, and (2) to examine global Human Development Index (HDI) values and suicide and homicide rates, with a view to determining any statistical relationship. Suicide and homicide rates and HDI values were available for 102 countries, and suicide and homicide rates were available for the states and territories of Australia. The three data sets had non-normal distributions, and the non-parametric Spearman’s ρ was used for correlation statistics with α = 0.05. We found a weak, statistically significant inverse relationship between the suicide and homicide rates of 102 countries ( ρ = −0.244, p = 0.014). No relationship was established for the Australian values, however. As anticipated, we found a significant negative correlation between homicide and HDI values. We unexpectedly demonstrated a positive correlation between suicide rates and HDI values. The notion that suicide and homicide have an inverse relationship now has some scientific support but additional research is warranted to characterise and explain this relationship. The unexpected finding of a positive correlation between suicide rates and HDI values requires further examination.
Publisher: SAGE Publications
Date: 23-09-2015
Publisher: SAGE Publications
Date: 04-05-2022
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 10-1999
DOI: 10.1046/J.1440-1819.1999.00603.X
Abstract: Transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) is a new technology that applies the principles of electromagnetism to deliver an electrical field to the cerebral cortices. Well established in diagnostic electrophysiology, TMS is now being studied as a treatment for psychiatric disorders. Evidence suggests this technique is safe and acceptable to patients. The future may see the application of TMS in obsessive-compulsive disorder, post-traumatic stress disorder and mania. There is strong evidence that it will become an accepted treatment of depression.
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 31-03-2011
Publisher: African Journals Online (AJOL)
Date: 17-09-2013
Publisher: SAGE Publications
Date: 12-04-2023
Publisher: SAGE Publications
Date: 28-08-2013
Publisher: SAGE Publications
Date: 07-2013
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 24-04-2012
Abstract: Suicides among tinnitus sufferers are rare. Indeed, on examining the public record (newspapers and the Web), the authors identified only 4 cases in the past 10 years that had been examined by a coroner. Nevertheless, the deaths of Rick Tharp, Dietrich Hectors, William Morris, and Robert McIndoe prompt reconsideration of the association between tinnitus and suicide that appears to be weak. The article also draws attention to a subject that is receiving attention in the medical literature—namely, the role of “precipitants” (in this case, tinnitus) in completed suicide and the need to screen some cases of severe, disabling tinnitus for the presence or absence of coinciding psychopathology, which is very amenable to treatment.
No related grants have been discovered for Saxby Pridmore.