ORCID Profile
0000-0001-7419-5064
Current Organisation
Murdoch University
Does something not look right? The information on this page has been harvested from data sources that may not be up to date. We continue to work with information providers to improve coverage and quality. To report an issue, use the Feedback Form.
Research Topics
In Research Link Australia (RLA), "Research Topics" refer to ANZSRC FOR and SEO codes. These topics are either sourced from ANZSRC FOR and SEO codes listed in researchers' related grants or generated by a large language model (LLM) based on their publications.
Top 5 Research Topics
ANZSRC Field of Research (FoR)
Plant Pathology | Plant Biology | Conservation And Biodiversity | Genetics | Environmental Science and Management | Gene Expression | Plant Physiology | Forestry Sciences | Pests, Health And Diseases | Environmental Management And Rehabilitation | Management And Environment | Plant Pathology | Forestry Pests, Health and Diseases | Population And Ecological Genetics | Ecology | Environmental Impact Assessment | Wildlife And Habitat Management | Animal Behaviour | Cell Metabolism | Environmental Management | Mycology | Microbial Genetics | Invertebrate Biology | Microbial Ecology | Landscape Ecology | Environmental Rehabilitation (excl. Bioremediation) | Community Ecology | Ecological Physiology | Crop and Pasture Production | Population, Ecological and Evolutionary Genetics | Microbial Ecology | Plant Physiology | Ecosystem Function | Crop and Pasture Nutrition | Forestry Management and Environment | Invasive Species Ecology | Diagnostic Applications | Agricultural Land Management | Biological Adaptation
ANZSRC Socio-Economic Objective (SEO)
Native forests | Control of pests and exotic species | Hardwood plantations | Field crops | Native Forests | Living resources (flora and fauna) | Primary products from plants | Control of Plant Pests, Diseases and Exotic Species in Forest and Woodlands Environments | Integrated (ecosystem) assessment and management | Remnant vegetation and protected conservation areas | Rehabilitation/reafforestation | Control of Animal Pests, Diseases and Exotic Species in Forest and Woodlands Environments | Forestry | Oilseeds | Horticultural crops | Wheat | Biological sciences | Control of Pests, Diseases and Exotic Species in Urban and Industrial Environments | Livestock | Forest and Woodlands Flora, Fauna and Biodiversity | Ecosystem Adaptation to Climate Change | Ornamentals, Australian natives and nursery plants | Environmental Education and Awareness | Ecosystem Assessment and Management of Forest and Woodlands Environments | Control of pests and exotic species | Rehabilitation of degraded mining lands | Remnant Vegetation and Protected Conservation Areas in Urban and Industrial Environments | Soybeans | Land and water management | Living resources (flora and fauna) | Remnant vegetation and protected conservation areas | Integrated (ecosystem) assessment and management | Rehabilitation of Degraded Forest and Woodlands Environments | Rehabilitation of Degraded Mining Environments | Sown legumes |
Related Links
Publications
Re-evaluation of phytophthora species isolated during 30 years of vegetation health surveys in Western Australia using molecular techniques
Publisher: Scientific Societies
Date: 03-2009
Abstract: For 30 years, large-scale aerial photography has been used to map the extent of Phytophthora dieback disease in native forests in the southwest of Western Australia, with validation of the observations involving routine testing of soil and root s les for the presence of Phytophthora cinnamomi. In addition to P. cinnamomi, six morpho-species have been identified using this technique: P. citricola, P. megasperma, P. cryptogea, P. drechsleri, P. nicotianae, and P. boehmeriae. In recent years, many new Phytophthora species have been described worldwide, often with similar morphology to existing species thus, as many of the isolates collected in Western Australia have been difficult to identify based on morphology, molecular identification of the morpho-species is required. Based on lification of the internal transcribed spacer (ITS) region of the rDNA gene, sequence data of more than 230 isolates were compared with those of existing species and undescribed taxa. P. inundata, P. asparagi, P. taxon PgChlamydo, P. taxon personii, and P. taxon niederhauserii were identified based on sequence data. Phylogenetic analysis revealed that nine potentially new and undescribed taxa can be distinguished. Several of the new taxa are morphologically indistinguishable from species such as P. citricola, P. drechsleri, and P. megasperma. In some cases, the new taxa are closely related to species with similar morphology (e.g., P.sp.4 and P. citricola). However, the DNA sequences of other new taxa such as P.sp.3 and P.sp.9 show that they are not closely related to morphologically similar species P. drechsleri and P. megasperma, respectively. Most of the new taxa have been associated with dying Banksia spp., while P.sp.2 and P.sp.4 have also been isolated from dying Eucalyptus marginata (jarrah). Some taxa (P.sp.3, 6, and 7) appear to have limited distribution, while others like P.sp.4 are widespread.
Phytophthora boodjera sp. nov., a damping-off pathogen in production nurseries and from urban and natural landscapes, with an update on the status of P. alticola
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 06-10-2015
Bioturbation by bandicoots facilitates seedling growth by altering soil properties
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 22-06-2018
The challenge of understanding the origin, pathways and extent of fungal invasions: global populations of theNeofusicoccum parvum-N. ribisspecies complex
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 18-01-2013
DOI: 10.1111/DDI.12030
Fungal planet description sheets: 69-91
Publisher: Naturalis Biodiversity Center
Date: 30-06-2011
International variation in phytosanitary legislation and regulations governing importation of plants for planting
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 08-2015
How container media and matric potential affect the production of sporangia, oospores and chlamydospores by three phytophthora species
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 1991
Health and nutrition of plantation eucalypts in Asia
Publisher: National Inquiry Services Center (NISC)
Date: 08-2008
Selection for decreased sensitivity to phosphite in Phytophthora cinnamomi with prolonged use of fungicide
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 19-09-2008
Distribution of understorey species in forest affected by Phytophthora cinnamomi in south-western Western Australia
Publisher: CSIRO Publishing
Date: 2005
DOI: 10.1071/BT04203
Abstract: The introduced soil-borne pathogen Phytophthora cinnamomi Rands infects and kills a large number of species in the jarrah (Eucalyptus marginata Donn. ex Smith) forest of Western Australia, causing great floristic and structural change. Many of the floristic changes can be explained simply by the known susceptibility of species to infection. Some common species, however, are rarely found at infested sites but are thought to be resistant to infection. It has been postulated that such species may be affected by the change in habitat caused by the death of trees, and not by P. cinnamomi directly. If this were the case, such species should cluster around surviving trees at infested sites. The occurrence of a susceptible species in the vicinity of trees surviving at infested sites has also been reported. To investigate the spatial relationship between trees and understorey species, the positions of trees and selected perennial understorey species were mapped at two sites in jarrah forest long-affected by P. cinnamomi. Random sets of plants and trees were generated and used in simulations to test whether understorey species grew closer to trees than expected. Many understorey species, both resistant and susceptible to infection by P. cinnamomi, were found to grow closer than expected to trees currently growing at the sites and closer to the trees that would have been present at the time of infestation. This suggests that not only do these trees enable some resistant species to persist at infested sites but that they also offer protection to some susceptible species against damage by P. cinnamomi. The proximity of many understorey species to trees that are likely to have appeared at the study sites since the first infestation indicates that the maintenance and enhancement of tree cover at infested sites in the jarrah forest may limit the damage caused by P. cinnamomi and assist in the protection of bio ersity.
Phytophthora bilorbang sp. nov., a new species associated with the decline of Rubus anglocandicans (European blackberry) in Western Australia
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 06-2012
Mitosis and meiosis in plants are affected by the fungicide phosphite
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 2002
DOI: 10.1071/AP02025
A new, rapid and non-invasive technique to inoculate plants with Phytophthora cinnamomi
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 2002
DOI: 10.1071/AP01054
Containment and spot eradication of a highly destructive, invasive plant pathogen (Phytophthora cinnamomi) in natural ecosystems
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 10-07-2010
Do woodland birds prefer to forage in healthy Eucalyptus wandoo trees?
Publisher: CSIRO Publishing
Date: 2013
DOI: 10.1071/ZO13045
Abstract: Globally, many forests and woodlands are in decline. The marked loss of canopy foliage typical of these declines results in reduced foraging resources (e.g. nectar, pollen, and insects) and, subsequently, can reduce habitat quality for woodland birds. In south-west Western Australia, patches of Eucalyptus wandoo woodlands have shown a decline in condition since at least 2002. We investigated how changes in E. wandoo condition affect the woodland bird community. Foraging activities of three bird species were recorded for 20 sites in Dryandra State Forest and Wandoo Conservation Park either by conducting watches on focal trees (‘sitting’ method), or following in iduals through the woodland (‘following’ method). Condition assessments of trees used by the birds were compared with those for trees available at the study site. Weebills (Smicrornis brevirostris canopy insectivore) displayed preference for healthy trees (low amounts of canopy dieback), whereas rufous treecreepers (Climacteris rufa bark-foraging insectivore) preferred trees with a higher proportion of dead branches. Yellow-plumed honeyeaters (Lichenostomus ornatus insectivore/nectarivore) foraged in older, larger E. wandoo trees having full canopies with few signs of tree decline. Tree declines, such as that happening in E. wandoo, alter the foraging resources and habitat available to woodland birds.
Climate and landscape drivers of tree decline in a Mediterranean ecoregion
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 2013
DOI: 10.1002/ECE3.437
Soil bacterial functional diversity is associated with the decline of Eucalyptus gomphocephala
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 08-2010
Phosphite and nutrient applications as explorative tools to identify possible factors associated with Eucalyptus gomphocephala decline in South-Western Australia
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 20-08-2013
Suppression of Phytophthora Root Rot by a Composted Eucalyptus Bark Mix.
Publisher: CSIRO Publishing
Date: 1991
DOI: 10.1071/BT9910153
Abstract: A potting medium containing composted Eucalyptus (Eucalyptus calophylla and E. ersicolor) barks (CEB) was suppressive in decreasing order to Phytophthora cryptogea, P. nicotianae var. nicotianae, P. citricola, P. drechsleri and P. cinnamomi infections of waratah (Telopea speciosissima) and Banksia occidentalis. Suppressiveness of the CEB appears to be biological, as the CEB became conducive to root rot after steam-sterilisation. A non-composted commercial mix (nurseryman's mix, NM) was conducive to all the Phytophthora spp. tested. Pathogenicity of each Phytophthora sp. varied between the container media. In the NM, P. citricola was the most pathogenic species. Steaming the NM resulted in pathogenicity being similar for all Phytophthora spp. However, this did not happen when the CEB was steamed.
Defence Signalling Pathways Involved in Plant Resistance and Phosphite-Mediated Control of Phytophthora Cinnamomi
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 11-09-2014
Evaluation of resistance to Phytophthora cinnamomi in seed‐grown trees and clonal lines of Eucalyptus marginata inoculated in lateral branches and roots
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 08-2002
Combining Inferential and Deductive Approaches to Estimate the Potential Geographical Range of the Invasive Plant Pathogen, Phytophthora ramorum
Publisher: Public Library of Science (PLoS)
Date: 07-05-2013
Sequence variation in the rDNA ITS of Australian Armillaria species and intra-specific variation in A. luteobubalina
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 2002
DOI: 10.1071/AP02015
Two novel and potentially endemic species of Phytophthora associated with episodic dieback of Kwongan vegetation in the south-west of Western Australia
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 27-04-2011
Bird communities in small native remnants of contrasting understorey condition within bluegum plantations
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 29-11-2010
Distribution of Phytophthora cinnamomi in the northern jarrah (Eucalyptus marginata) forest of Western Australia in relation to dieback age and topography
Publisher: CSIRO Publishing
Date: 2002
DOI: 10.1071/BT01040
Abstract: The spatial distribution of Phytophthora cinnamomi Rands at seven dieback sites in the jarrah (Eucalyptus marginata Donn. ex Smith) forest of Western Australia was determined by the following two baiting techniques: in situ baiting with live Banksia grandis Willd. seedlings and ex situ baiting of s led soil and root material. Four areas within each site were s led, reflecting dieback age and position in the landscape. Approximate dieback ages of 50, 20 and 5 years were determined by aerial photography. The 50-year-old age class was ided into wet valley floor and dry gravelly slope. Phytophthora cinnamomi was recovered most frequently from the 5-year-old (dieback fronts) and wet 50-year-old areas by both baiting techniques. It was recovered from more than twice as many areas and about five times as many s les when in situ B. grandis baits were used compared with ex situ soil and root baiting. Almost all recoveries from in situ baits were made between October and December. From both methods, it appears that P. cinnamomi has a patchy distribution within dieback sites in the northern jarrah forest. It is easily detected only on dieback fronts and wet valley floors. On dry gravelly sites affected 20 years or more ago, P. cinnamomi is rare and may even be absent at some sites. This makes confident detection of the pathogen difficult. In situ baiting at least allows a temporal component to the s ling and will be a useful method of detection in areas where P. cinnamomi is rare or transient.
Look before planting: using smokewater as an inventory tool to predict the soil seed bank and inform ecological management and restoration
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 24-07-2011
Botryosphaeria spp. associated with eucalypts in Western Australia, including the description of Fusicoccum macroclavatum sp. nov.
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 2005
DOI: 10.1071/AP05073
The long-term survival of Phytophthora cinnamomi in mature Banksia grandis killed by the pathogen
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 06-05-2012
The Microscopic Examination of Phytophthora cinnamomi in Plant Tissues Using Fluorescent In Situ Hybridization
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 29-04-2014
DOI: 10.1111/JPH.12257
Phytophthora cinnamomi
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 08-2004
Phosphite induces expression of a putative proteophosphoglycan gene in Phytophthora cinnamomi
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 2009
DOI: 10.1071/AP08101
Laccase activity and maceration of lupin tissue byRhizoctonia solaniis inhibited by arginine
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 2005
DOI: 10.1071/AP05077
Mycosphaerella species associated with Eucalyptus in south-western Australia: new species, new records and a key
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 03-2003
DOI: 10.1017/S0953756203007354
Abstract: Mycosphaerella ambiphylla sp. nov. (anamorph: Phaeophleospora) and Mycosphaerella aurantia sp. nov., are described from diseased Eucalyptus globulus leaves. In addition, a new fungal record in Australia, M. mexicana, and two new records for Western Australia, M. gregaria and M. parva, are discussed. A key is provided to Mycosphaerella species on E. globulus in Western Australia.
Evolutionary trait‐based approaches for predicting future global impacts of plant pathogens in the genus Phytophthora
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 23-12-2020
Fungal Planet description sheets: 128–153
Publisher: Naturalis Biodiversity Center
Date: 31-12-2012
Seedling mycorrhizal type and soil chemistry are related to canopy condition of Eucalyptus gomphocephala
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 12-01-2013
DOI: 10.1007/S00572-012-0476-5
Abstract: The health of Eucalyptus gomphocephala is declining within its natural range in south-western Australia. In a pilot study to assess whether changes in mycorrhizal fungi and soil chemistry might be associated with E. gomphocephala decline, we set up a containerized bioassay experiment with E. gomphocephala as the trap plant using intact soil cores collected from 12 sites with E. gomphocephala canopy condition ranging from healthy to declining. Adjacent soil s les were collected for chemical analysis. The type of mycorrhiza (arbuscular or ectomycorrhizal) formed in containerized seedlings predicted the canopy condition of E. gomphocephala at the sites where the cores were taken. Ectomycorrhizal fungi colonization was higher in seedling roots in soil taken from sites with healthy canopies, whereas colonization by arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi dominated in roots in soil taken from sites with declining canopies. Furthermore, several soil chemical properties predicted canopy condition and the type of mycorrhizal fungi colonizing roots. These preliminary findings suggest that large-scale studies should be undertaken in the field to quantify those ectomycorrhiza (ECM) fungi sensitive to E. gomphocephala canopy decline and whether particular ECM fungi are bioindicators of ecosystem health.
The tripartite relationship between a bioturbator, mycorrhizal fungi, and a key Mediterranean forest tree
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 25-03-2018
DOI: 10.1111/AEC.12598
Contemporary remotely sensed data products refine invasive plants risk mapping in data poor regions
Publisher: Frontiers Media SA
Date: 15-05-2017
Fungal contaminants of stored wheat vary between Australian states
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 18-10-2016
Habitat islands in a sea of urbanisation
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 12-2017
First record of Mycosphaerella heimii in Australia
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 2005
DOI: 10.1071/AP05070
Topography influences the distribution of autumn frost damage on trees in a Mediterranean-type Eucalyptus forest
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 22-07-2014
In vitro influence of phosphite on chlamydospore production and viability of Phytophthora cinnamomi
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 06-2009
Temperature, humidity, wounding and leaf age influence the development of Alternaria alternata lesions on leaves of Paulownia fortunei
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 2006
DOI: 10.1071/AP06030
Spatial configuration of drought disturbance and forest gap creation across environmental gradients
Publisher: Public Library of Science (PLoS)
Date: 08-06-2016
Variation in sensitivity of Western Australian isolates of Phytophthora cinnamomi to phosphite in vitro
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 02-2001
Eucalyptus forest shows low structural resistance and resilience to climate change-type drought
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 09-02-2016
DOI: 10.1111/JVS.12378
Assessing the potential for biological control of Phytophthora cinnamomi by fifteen native Western Australian jarrah-forest legume species
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 2005
DOI: 10.1071/AP05067
The Tree Decline Recovery Seesaw; a conceptual model of the decline and recovery of drought stressed plantation trees
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 06-2016
First report of oomycetes associated with the invasive tree Parkinsonia aculeata (Family: Fabaceae)
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 30-05-2017
Foraging activity by the southern brown bandicoot (Isoodon obesulus) as a mechanism for soil turnover
Publisher: CSIRO Publishing
Date: 2012
DOI: 10.1071/ZO13030
Abstract: Mammals that forage for food by biopedturbation can alter the biotic and abiotic characteristics of their habitat, influencing ecosystem structure and function. Bandicoots, bilbies, bettongs and potoroos are the primary digging marsupials in Australia, although most of these species have declined throughout their range. This study used a snapshot approach to estimate the soil turnover capacity of the southern brown bandicoot (Isoodon obesulus, Shaw 1797), a persisting digging Australian marsupial, at Yalgorup National Park, Western Australia. The number of southern brown bandicoots was estimated using mark–recapture techniques. To provide an index of digging activity per animal, we quantified the number of new foraging pits and bandicoot nose pokes across 18 plots within the same area. The amount of soil displaced and physical structure of foraging pits were examined from moulds of 47 fresh foraging pits. We estimated that an in idual southern brown bandicoot could create ~45 foraging pits per day, displacing ~10.74 kg of soil, which extrapolates to ~3.9 tonnes of soil each year. The digging activities of the southern brown bandicoots are likely to be a critical component of soil ecosystem processes.
Does habitat structure influence capture probabilities? A study of reptiles in a eucalypt forest
Publisher: CSIRO Publishing
Date: 2009
DOI: 10.1071/WR09014
Abstract: Pitfall traps are commonly used to examine differences in reptile communities among habitat types and disturbance regimes that differ in structure. However, capture rates and probabilities may be influenced by habitat structure, which invalidates comparisons of relative abundance among habitat types. To assess whether pitfall traps provide accurate reflections of density and whether habitat structure affects capture probabilities, we trapped at six sites in various jarrah-forest habitat types in south-western Australia, then intensively searched 150-m2 total-removal plots around each pitfall grid to obtain absolute densities of reptiles. Pitfall captures were significantly correlated with numbers on total-removal plots for Hemiergis initialis and Lerista distinguenda, indicating that pitfall traps provided accurate reflections of density for these species. Capture probabilities of H. initialis and L. distinguenda and all reptiles combined showed no significant correlations with any structural variables, indicating that capture probabilities were consistent across sites. We conclude that trapping provided accurate estimates of relative abundance for some species and that capture probabilities were not influenced by vegetation structure. Because many studies use trapping to estimate abundances among habitat types, we encourage researchers to investigate how vegetation structure influences capture probabilities, so that general patterns can be determined we also suggest improvements for any future studies.
Botryosphaeria species from Eucalyptus in Australia are pleoanamorphic, producing Dichomera synanamorphs in culture
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 12-2005
DOI: 10.1017/S0953756205003989
Abstract: Species within the genus Botryosphaeria include some of the most widespread and important pathogens of woody plants, and have been the focus of numerous taxonomic studies in recent years. It is currently accepted that anamorphs of Botryosphaeria belong to two distinct genera, Fusicoccum and Diplodia. Species within the genus Fusicoccum commonly produce aseptate, hyaline conidia. In the present study, fungi were isolated from foliage and wood of Eucalyptus in native forests and plantations in Australia. Although these fungi produced Dichomera anamorphs in culture, they clustered within the Fusicoccum clade of Botryosphaeria based on their ITS sequence data. Four species, Botryosphaeria dothidea, B. parva, B. ribis and B. australis produced Dichomera conidia in culture. The Dichomera synanamorphs are described for these four species of Botryosphaeria. In addition, falling within the Fusicoccum clade of Botryosphaeria, two species were found to be distinct from previously described Botryosphaeria spp. based on their ITS sequences, but synonymous with D. versiformis and D. eucalypti. These observations are currently unique to isolates from host trees within the genus Eucalyptus in Australia, and the pleoanamorphic nature of these species is discussed.
Restoration treatments improve seedling establishment in a degraded Mediterranean-type Eucalyptus ecosystem
Publisher: CSIRO Publishing
Date: 2010
DOI: 10.1071/BT10211
Abstract: Restoration of degraded Mediterranean-type ecosystems (MTEs) with long, hot and dry summers is challenging. To develop management guidelines, we evaluated techniques that could improve seedling establishment in two degraded Eucalyptus gomphocephala DC (tuart) woodlands, given weed and herbivore control. These techniques aimed to mimic favourable conditions for species that primarily recruit following disturbance events (e.g. fire). Trial 1 investigated the response of 5-month-old seedlings and broadcast seed in plots that contained a created ashbed, were ripped, or were ripped and contained an ashbed. Trial 2 examined the response of 5-month-old seedlings to treatments providing a nutrient or moisture source (slow-release fertiliser tablet, chelating agent, slow-release fertiliser tablet plus chelating agent, zeolite, hydrated hydrophilic co-polymers and dry hydrophilic co-polymers). Results indicated that created ashbeds enhance establishment for a range of species and reduce weed cover, with or without ripping. Broadcast seeding was not successful in returning species to site. Higher growth rates were recorded in seedlings treated with a nutrient source. The present study has shown that it is possible to re-establish local plant species in degraded woodlands through several techniques that mimic disturbance (e.g. fire). Strong early growth may be the vital start seedlings need in MTEs in the face of reinvading weed species, herbivory and a drying climate.
Phytophthora cinnamomi exhibits phenotypic plasticity in response to cold temperatures
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 19-04-2020
Potassium Phosphonate Induces Resistance in Sweet Chestnut against Ink Disease Caused by Phytophthora Species
Publisher: MDPI AG
Date: 22-02-2023
DOI: 10.3390/PATHOGENS12030365
Abstract: Ink disease, caused by Phytophthora spp., represents a serious threat to sweet chestnuts throughout their distribution area. Among the control strategies, new perspectives have been offered by using potassium phosphonate, which indirectly controls Phytophthora diseases by acting on both host physiology and host-pathogen interactions. In this study, we tested in planta the effectiveness of trunk injection with K-phosphonate against seven different Phytophthora species associated with ink disease. For the two most aggressive species, P. cinnamomi and P. ×cambivora, the treatments were repeated at two different environmental conditions (a mean temperature of 14.5 °C vs. 25 °C) and tree phenology stages. The results obtained in this study demonstrated that K-phosphonate could contain the development of Phytophthora infection in phloem tissues. However, its effectiveness varied based on the concentration applied and the Phytophthora species tested. A concentration of 280 g/L of K-phosphonate was the most effective, and in some cases, callus formation around the necrotic lesion was detected. Overall, this study broadens the knowledge of endotherapic treatments with K-phosphonate as an effective measure for managing chestnut ink disease. Interestingly, the increase in mean temperature had a positive impact on the development of P. cinnamomi lesions on chestnut phloem tissues.
Host removal as a potential control method for Phytophthora cinnamomi on severely impacted black gravel sites in the jarrah forest
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 29-11-2014
DOI: 10.1111/EFP.12080
Fostering collaborations towards integrative research development
Publisher: MDPI AG
Date: 10-05-2013
DOI: 10.3390/F4020329
Potential susceptibility of Australian native plant species to branch dieback and bole canker diseases caused by Phytophthora ramorum
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 28-07-2012
A severe canker disease of Corymbia ficifolia caused by Quambalaria coyrecup in native and urban forests of Western Australia
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 13-01-2014
DOI: 10.1111/EFP.12082
Teratosphaeria pseudoeucalypti, new cryptic species responsible for leaf blight of Eucalyptus in subtropical and tropical Australia
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 09-2010
Potential for dissemination of Phytophthora cinnamomi by feral pigs via ingestion of infected plant material
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 27-08-2014
New records of Mycosphaerella leaf disease from Eucalypts in Western Australia
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 2005
DOI: 10.1071/AP05053
Towards Eradication of Phytophthora cinnamomi Using a Fallow Approach in a Mediterranean Climate
Publisher: MDPI AG
Date: 16-10-2020
DOI: 10.3390/F11101101
Abstract: While eradication from haul roads was achieved, more work is required to eradicate P. cinnamomi from stockpiles and bunds. We can now implement different management strategies to the construction of bunds and stockpiles to facilitate eradication. Infestation by Phytophthora cinnamomi results in large financial and management constraints to environmental managers. This pathogen was considered impossible to eradicate until recent success with treatments including host removal, herbicide and fungicide application, soil fumigation and physical root barriers. We investigated the most benign of these treatments keeping the area devoid of living host material. In a Western Australian mine site within a Mediterranean climate, haul roads, stockpiles and roadside bunds had P. cinnamomi colonised Pinus stem plugs buried at multiple depths. Over time, we examined the effects of soil moisture and temperature in different soil conditions and types to compare the recovery of the pathogen. Results: Within 12 months, the pathogen could not be recovered from the haul roads. In the stockpiles, depth produced significantly different results. In 3 of the 4 sites, the pathogen was not recovered at 10 cm after 20 months. By 12 months, at 50 cm, there was an 80% reduction in recovery, but only one stockpile had no recovery from 50 cm, which occurred by 36 months. Bunds were up to 1.75 m high and had variable results for plugs buried at 30 cm, influenced by height, the types of soils and shading. One of the smallest bunds was the only bund where the pathogen was not recoverable (by 22 months). This study provides strong support for using a fallow period to reduce or eliminate P. cinnamomi inoculum.
Antagonism of fungi and actinomycetes isolated from composted eucalyptus bark to Phytophthora drechsleri in a steamed and non-steamed composted eucalyptus bark-amended container medium
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 02-1995
Feeling the cold in a warming climate: differential effects of low temperatures on co-occurring eucalypts
Publisher: CSIRO Publishing
Date: 2016
DOI: 10.1071/BT16064
Abstract: Climate change is altering extreme temperature events, and is expected to drive changes in species composition as a result. To assess the potential for compositional shifts from low-temperature events, the effects of repeated events in 2010 and 2012 on three co-occurring eucalypts were determined in south-western Australia. To examine the climatic conditions that led to tree damage, and the long-term pattern of low-temperature events, temperatures were monitored on affected sites, and modelled from climate-station data. The three species varied considerably in their susceptibility to low temperatures. Corymbia calophylla K.D.Hill & L.A.S.Johnson was most affected (crown-damage index (CDI) = 47), followed by Eucalyptus marginata Sm. (CDI = 17) and E. wandoo Blakely (CDI = 3), which was comparatively tolerant. The temperatures leading to damage in 2010 and 2012 were –3.4°C and –2.1°C respectively. The frequency of low-temperature events (days below 0°C) have been steadily increasing in the study area since the mid-1990s. Because minimal tree mortality was observed, species composition is unlikely to change as a result of low temperatures in the short term. However, continued dieback from repeated events may disrupt regenerative processes, and cause long-term compositional shifts.
Importance of climate, anthropogenic disturbance and pathogens (Quambalaria coyrecup and Phytophthora spp.) on marri (Corymbia calophylla) tree health in southwest Western Australia
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 14-08-2017
Age-related susceptibility of Eucalyptus species to Phytophthora boodjera
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 08-09-2017
DOI: 10.1111/PPA.12592
Identifying unidirectional and dynamic habitat filters to faunal recolonisation in restored mine-pits
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 26-06-2012
The future of phosphite as a fungicide to control the soilborne plant pathogen Phytophthora cinnamomi in natural ecosystems
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 2001
DOI: 10.1071/AP01012
Fish emulsion as a food base for rhizobacteria promoting growth of radish (Raphanus sativus L. var. sativus) in a sandy soil
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 2003
Root and shoot development in Corymbia calophylla and Banksia brownii after the application of the fungicide phosphite
Publisher: CSIRO Publishing
Date: 2002
DOI: 10.1071/BT01018
Abstract: The effects of low-volume foliar application (24, 48, 96 kg ha–1) of phosphite on root and shoot development in Corymbia calophylla Lindley and Banksia brownii ex R.Br. were investigated in a glasshouse study. Shoot growth, root and shoot dry weight and root length were not significantly reduced by phosphite application in C. calophylla 2 weeks and 4 months after phosphite application. Shoot growth, shoot dry weight and root length were not significantly reduced in the non-mycorrhizal B. brownii. However, in plants treated with 24 and 96 kg ha–1, root dry weight was significantly reduced 4 months but not 2 weeks after spray. A discoloration of the root stele was also observed in phosphite-treated plants of this species. At 2 weeks after spray, root concentrations of phosphite in C. calophylla were up to five times higher than shoot concentrations. At 4 months after application, growth abnormalities were observed in B. brownii and these included spindly new shoot growth with rosetted foliage of reduced leaf size. The results of this study, which assessed one mycorrhizal and one non-mycorrhizal native species, suggest that species may vary in their response to phosphite in terms of root development and phosphite applied at rates of 24 kg ha–1 or higher may result in reduced root growth, particularly in non-mycorrhizal species. Further studies on root development in a wider range of species are needed to validate these findings.
First record of 'Candidatus Phytoplasma australiense' in Paulownia trees
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 2005
DOI: 10.1071/AP04089
First report ofAlternariablight ofPaulowniaspp.
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 2005
DOI: 10.1071/AP04087
Distribution and diversity of Phytophthora across Australia
Publisher: CSIRO Publishing
Date: 2017
DOI: 10.1071/PC16032
Abstract: The introduction and subsequent impact of Phytophthora cinnamomi within native vegetation is one of the major conservation issues for bio ersity in Australia. Recently, many new Phytophthora species have been described from Australia’s native ecosystems however, their distribution, origin, and potential impact remain unknown. Historical bias in Phytophthora detection has been towards sites showing symptoms of disease, and traditional isolation methods show variable effectiveness of detecting different Phytophthora species. However, we now have at our disposal new techniques based on the s ling of environmental DNA and metabarcoding through the use of high-throughput sequencing. Here, we report on the ersity and distribution of Phytophthora in Australia using metabarcoding of 640 soil s les and we compare the ersity detected using this technique with that available in curated databases. Phytophthora was detected in 65% of sites, and phylogenetic analysis revealed 68 distinct Phytophthora phylotypes. Of these, 21 were identified as potentially unique taxa and 25 were new detections in natural areas and/or new introductions to Australia. There are 66 Phytophthora taxa listed in Australian databases, 43 of which were also detected in this metabarcoding study. This study revealed high Phytophthora richness within native vegetation and the additional records provide a valuable baseline resource for future studies. Many of the Phytophthora species now uncovered in Australia’s native ecosystems are newly described and until more is known we need to be cautious with regard to the spread and conservation management of these new species in Australia’s unique ecosystems.
Species from within the Phytophthora cryptogea complex and related species, P. erythroseptica and P. sansomeana , readily hybridize
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 08-2016
DOI: 10.1016/J.FUNBIO.2016.05.002
Abstract: During a study on the phylogenetic relationships between species in the Phytophthora cryptogea complex and related species, Phytophthora erythroseptica and Phytophthora sansomeana, 19 hybrid isolates with multiple polymorphisms in the nuclear sequences were observed. Molecular characterization of hybrids was achieved by sequencing three nuclear (internal transcribed spacers, β-tubulin (TUB), heat shock protein 90) and two mitochondrial (cytochrome c oxidase subunit I (coxI), NADH dehydrogenase subunit I (NADH)) gene regions and cloning of the single-copy nuclear gene, TUB. Based on the molecular studies the hybrid isolates belonged to six distinct groups between P. cryptogea, P. erythroseptica, Phytophthora pseudocryptogea, P. sansomeana, and Phytophthora sp. kelmania. In all cases, only a single coxI and NADH allele was detected and nuclear genes were biparentally inherited, suggesting that the hybrids arose from sexual recombination events. Colony morphology, growth rate, cardinal temperatures, breeding system, and morphology of sporangia, oogonia, oospores, and antheridia were also determined. Some morphological differences between the hybrids and the parental species were noted however, they were not sufficient to reliably distinguish the taxa and DNA markers from nuclear and mitochondrial genes will to be necessary for their identification. The parental species are all important pathogens of agricultural fields that have been transported globally. With the apparent ease of hybridization within this group there is le opportunity for virulent hybrids to form, perhaps with extended host ranges.
Re-evaluation of the Phytophthora cryptogea species complex and the description of a new species, Phytophthora pseudocryptogea sp. nov
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 26-10-2015
Defining the phosphite-regulated transcriptome of the plant pathogen Phytophthora cinnamomi
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 30-09-2010
DOI: 10.1007/S00438-010-0579-7
Abstract: Phosphite, an analog of phosphate is used to control oomycete diseases on a wide range of horticultural crops and in native ecosystems. In this study, we investigated morphological and transcriptional changes induced in Phytophthora cinnamomi by phosphite. Cytological observations revealed that phosphite caused hyphal distortions and lysis of cell walls and had an adverse effect on hyphal growth. At the molecular level, the expression levels of 43 transcripts were changed. Many of these encoded proteins involved in cell wall synthesis, or cytoskeleton functioning. The results of both the microscopic and molecular investigations are consistent with phosphite inhibiting the function of the cytoskeleton and cell wall synthesis.
Endophytes as potential pathogens of the baobab species Adansonia gregorii: a focus on the Botryosphaeriaceae
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 02-2011
First record of a phytoplasma-associated disease of chickpea (Cicer arietinum) in Australia
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 2005
DOI: 10.1071/AP05047
Seed caching by woylies Bettongia penicillata can increase sandalwood Santalum spicatum regeneration in Western Australia
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 10-10-2005
Emerging Concepts of Stem Cell Organization in the Normal Lung and in Lung Cancer
Publisher: Springer Netherlands
Date: 27-02-2013
Sample volume affects the number of Phytophthora and Phytopythium species detected by soil baiting
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 03-03-2023
DOI: 10.1007/S10658-023-02661-8
Abstract: More Phytophthora species are detected from environmental s les through DNA metabarcoding than are isolated by baiting. We investigated whether bulking soil s les and baiting ~ 300 g s les in standard 1 L tubs resulted in the isolation of fewer Phytophthora and Phytophythium species compared with using 15 – 20 g s les of non-bulked soil in in idual 200 ml tubs. At each of four sites with dying vegetation, 50 soil s les were collected and baited separately in small tubs, followed by plating of lesioned baits over 7 days. The number of Phytophthora species obtained was compared with those obtained from bulking the 50 s les and baiting subs les in large tubs. Half of the asymptomatic baits were plated on day 7 and the remaining were assessed for the presence of Phytophthora using metabarcoding. Root s les with rhizosphere soil from the bulked soil in each site were also assessed using metabarcoding. A higher number of Phytophthora species was recovered from each site from baiting small volumes of non-bulked soil than large volumes of bulked soils. Metabarcoding of the asymptomatic baits revealed species not isolated from lesioned baits. More species were detected from the roots using metabarcoding than were isolated from baits. Metabarcoding did not reveal any species from the rhizosphere soil and roots that were not also detected from metabarcoding of the asymptomatic baits and/or plating. The numbers of Phytopythium species detected using the different methods followed the same trend as for Phytophthora . It was concluded that baiting small s les from across a site in separate small tubs results in the isolation of a higher number of Phytophthora species than the standard technique of baiting large s les of bulked soils, and that this, together with metabarcoding of asymptomatic baits, detects the highest total number of species.
Plants for planting; indirect evidence for the movement of a serious forest pathogen, Teratosphaeria destructans, in Asia
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 21-04-2011
Phosphite impact on the in vitro production and viability of selfed oospores by Phytophthora cinnamomi
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 04-2009
Potential susceptibility of Australian flora to a NA2 isolate of Phytophthora ramorum and pathogen sporulation potential
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 18-12-2012
Penetration of suberized periderm of a woody host by Phytophthora cinnamomi
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 05-06-2015
DOI: 10.1111/PPA.12244
Corn defense responses to nitrogen availability and subsequent performance and feeding preferences of beet armyworm (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae)
Publisher: Oxford University Press (OUP)
Date: 06-2013
DOI: 10.1603/EC12091
Abstract: Many studies have reported the effect of nitrogen (N) fertilization on plant constitutive defense responses however, little is known about their effects on plant induced defense patterns and its consequence for insect herbivores. In our experiments, the effects of N availability on growth, nutritional quality (N content, protein/carbohydrate [P:C] ratio, modified gross energy [MGE]), and constitutive phenolics of corn, Zea mays L. were quantified. Moreover, the indirect effects of N fertilization on the beet armyworm, Spodoptera exigua Hübner through larval performance and feeding preference were examined. N fertilization increased plant growth, and depressed defense traits by increasing N content and the P:C ratio, as well as decreasing the constitutive concentration of phenolics. Subsequently, beet armyworm showed higher performance and preferentially fed on high-N corn because of its low defense traits. After beet armyworm feeding, high-N corn significantly deterred larval feeding, and had negative effects on the performance of beet armyworm through decreasing P:C ratio and increasing induced phenolics. On the contrary, there were no significant changes in P:C ratio and phenolics in low-N corn after feeding damage. Larval performance and preference were also not affected by induced compounds in low-N corn, which suggested that the expression of induced defense was dependent on N availability. The result indicates that N availability can exert a variety of bottom-up effect on plant defense patterns to influence insect population dynamics, and thereby may represent a source of variation in plant-insect interactions.
Multiple gene genealogies reveal important relationships between species of Phaeophleospora infecting Eucalyptus leaves
Publisher: Oxford University Press (OUP)
Date: 03-2007
DOI: 10.1111/J.1574-6968.2007.00637.X
Abstract: The majority of Eucalyptus species are native to Australia, but worldwide there are over 3 million ha of exotic plantations, especially in the tropics and subtropics. Of the numerous known leaf diseases, three species of Phaeophleospora can cause severe defoliation of young Eucalyptus Phaeophleospora destructans, Phaeophleospora eucalypti and Phaeophleospora epicoccoides. Phaeophleospora destructans has a major impact on seedling survival in Asia and has not, as yet, been found in Australia where it is considered a serious threat to the biosecurity of native eucalypts. It can be difficult to distinguish Phaeophleospora species based on symptoms and micromorphology and an unequivocal diagnostic tool for quarantine purposes would be useful. In this study, a multiple gene genealogy of these Phaeophleospora species and designed specific primers has been constructed to detect their presence from leaf s les. The phylogenetic position of these Phaeophleospora species within Mycosphaerella was established. They are closely related to each other and to other important Eucalyptus pathogens, Mycosphaerella nubilosa, Mycosphaerella cryptica and Colletogloeopsis zuluensis. The specific primers developed can now be used for diagnostic and screening purposes within Australia.
Fishing for Phytophthora from Western Australia's waterways: A distribution and diversity survey
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 24-01-2013
Fungal planet description sheets: 107-127
Publisher: Naturalis Biodiversity Center
Date: 30-06-2012
The opportunistic pathogen,Neofusicoccum australe, is responsible for crown dieback of peppermint (Agonis flexuosa) in Western Australia
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 2010
DOI: 10.1071/AP09085
Diversity of Puccinia boroniae assessed by teliospore morphology and restriction fragment patterns of ribosomal DNA
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 2004
DOI: 10.1071/AP03091
Persistence and degradation of Phytophthora cinnamomi DNA and RNA in different soil types
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 12-08-2020
DOI: 10.1002/EDN3.127
Diversity of endemic rhizobia on Christmas Island: Implications for agriculture following phosphate mining
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 11-2018
DOI: 10.1016/J.SYAPM.2018.07.004
Abstract: Given that phosphate supplies may diminish and become uneconomic to mine after 2020, there is a compelling need to develop alternative industries to support the population on Christmas Island. Former mine sites could be turned into productive agricultural land, however, large-scale commercial agriculture has never been attempted, and, given the uniqueness of the island, the ersity of rhizobia prior to introducing legumes needed evaluation. Therefore, 84 rhizobia isolates were obtained from nine different hosts, both crop and introduced legumes, located at seven sites across the island. Based on 16S rRNA and recA gene sequence analysis, the isolates grouped into 13 clades clustering within the genus Bradyrhizobium, Ensifer, Cupriavidus and Rhizobium. According to the sequences of their symbiosis genes nodC and nifH, the isolates were classified into 12 and 11 clades, respectively, and clustered closest to tropical or crop legume isolates. Moreover, the symbiosis gene phylogeny and Multi Locus Sequence Analysis gene phylogeny suggested vertical transmission in the Alpha-rhizobia but horizontal transmission within the Beta-rhizobia. Furthermore, this study provides evidence of a large ersity of endemic rhizobia associated with both crop and introduced legumes, and highlights the necessity of inoculation for common bean, chickpea and soybean on the Island.
Analysis of the distribution of Phytophthora cinnamomi in soil at a disease site in Western Australia using nested PCR
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 04-2009
The role of chlamydospores ofPhytophthora cinnamomi- a review
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 2005
DOI: 10.1071/AP05038
Do thinning and burning sites revegetated after bauxite mining improve habitat for terrestrial vertebrates?
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 04-05-2010
PCR-identification of Mycosphaerella species associated with leaf diseases of Eucalyptus
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 09-2005
DOI: 10.1017/S0953756205003539
Abstract: A PCR-based technique based on the ITS1-5.8s-ITS2 domain of the rRNA gene for identifying five species associated with Mycosphaerella leaf disease (MLD) of eucalypts was developed. Primer pairs MC2F and MC2R ML1F and ML1R MM1F and MM1R MN1F and MN1R and MP1F and MP1R lified a product for DNA extracted from their single target species, those being M. cryptica, M. lateralis, M. marksii, M. nubilosa and M. parva, respectively. The possibility of false positive lification by each primer pair was tested in reactions with DNA extracts from 16 other Mycosphaerella species associated with eucalypts and against non-infected Eucalyptus globulus leaves. Under the PCR conditions used, there were no false positive lifications of the 16 non-target Mycosphaerella species, or from non-symptomatic E. globulus leaves for the primer pairs ML1F and ML1R MM1F and MM1R MN1F and MN1R and MP1F and MP1R. The primer pair MC2F and MC2R lified a 402 nt product from both the target M. crvptica and non-target M. nubilosa. However, these two species were differentiated by digesting the product with the restriction enzyme Sacc II which resulted in a single 402 nt product for M. cryptica, and two products of 78 and 324 nt for M. nubilosa. All of the primers were able to detect their target Mycosphaerella species from Eucalyptus globulus lesions. PCR reactions with these primers on DNA extracted from Mycosphaerella lesions confirmed the presence of all five species from leaf material collected from three plantations in Western Australia.
New cryptic species of Teratosphaeria on Eucalyptus in Australia
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 20-10-2016
Underappreciated plant vulnerabilities to heat waves
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 23-04-2021
DOI: 10.1111/NPH.17348
Abstract: With climate change, heat waves are becoming increasingly frequent, intense and broader in spatial extent. However, while the lethal effects of heat waves on humans are well documented, the impacts on flora are less well understood, perhaps except for crops. We summarize recent findings related to heat wave impacts including: sublethal and lethal effects at leaf and plant scales, secondary ecosystem effects, and more complex impacts such as increased heat wave frequency across all seasons, and interactions with other disturbances. We propose generalizable practical trials to quantify the critical bounding conditions of vulnerability to heat waves. Collectively, plant vulnerabilities to heat waves appear to be underappreciated and understudied, particularly with respect to understanding heat wave driven plant die‐off and ecosystem tipping points.
Botryosphaeriaceae from tuart (Eucalyptus gomphocephala) woodland, including descriptions of four new species
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 03-2009
DOI: 10.1016/J.MYCRES.2008.11.010
Abstract: Eucalyptus gomphocephala (tuart) is a tree native to the southwest coast of Western Australia, where, in some areas, there is a significant decline in the health of tuart. Botryosphaeriaceous taxa have been isolated as endophytes and canker pathogens from numerous hosts in many parts of the world and have been implicated in the decline of E. gomphocephala. In the present study, endophytic fungi were isolated from a wide variety of native woody plant species (Acacia cochlearis, A. rostellifera, Allocasuarina fraseriana, Agonis flexuosa, Banksia grandis, E. gomphocephala, E. marginata and Santalum acuminatum), at two locations in native E. gomphocephala woodland a site in decline at Yalgorup National Park and a healthy site at Woodman Point Regional Park. Of the 226 isolates obtained, 154 were botryosphaeriaceous taxa, 80% of which were found to be Neofusicoccum australe, isolated from all hosts at both collection sites. Four new species are described, Dothiorella moneti, Dothiorella santali, Neofusicoccum pennatisporum, and a species belonging to a genus only recently included in the Botryosphaeriaceae, Aplosporella yalgorensis. The other species isolated were Botryosphaeria dothidea on the new hosts A. rostellifera, A. cochlearis and E. marginata and Dichomera eucalypti, on the new host E. marginata. None of the new species formed lesions on excised stems of their host species, E. gomphocephala, or a common plantation species, E. globulus. However, Neofusicoccum australe formed lesions on excised stems of E. globulus and E. gomphocephala.
Annual and herbaceous perennial native Australian plant species are symptomless hosts of Phytophthora cinnamomi in the Eucalyptus marginata (jarrah) forest of Western Australia
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 21-11-2013
DOI: 10.1111/PPA.12016
A diverse range of Phytophthora species are associated with dying urban trees
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 2013
The long-term ability of phosphite to control Phytophthora cinnamomi in two native plant communities of Western Australia
Publisher: CSIRO Publishing
Date: 2001
DOI: 10.1071/BT00062
Abstract: This study examined the ability of foliar applications of the fungicide phosphite to contain colonisation of Phytophthora cinnamomi in a range of plant species growing in natural plant communities in the northern sandplain and jarrah (Eucalyptus marginata) forest of south-western Australia. Wound inoculation of plant stems with P. cinnamomi was used to determine the efficacy of phosphite over time after application. Colonisation by P. cinnamomi was reduced for 5–24 months after phosphite was applied, depending on the concentration of phosphite used, plant species treated and the time of phosphite application. Plant species within and between plant communities varied considerably in their ability to take up and retain phosphite in inoculated stems and in the in planta concentrations of phosphite required to contain P. cinnamomi. As spray application rates of phosphite increased from 5 to 20 g L–1, stem tissue concentrations increased, as did the ability of a plant species to contain P. cinnamomi. However, at application rates of phosphite above 5 g L–1 phytotoxicity symptoms were obvious in most species, with some plants being killed. So, despite 10 and 20 g L–1 of phosphite being more effective and persistent in controlling P. cinnamomi, these rates are not recommended for application to the plant species studied. The results of this study indicate that foliar application of phosphite has considerable potential in reducing the impact of P. cinnamomi in native plant communities in the short-term. However, in order to maintain adequate control, phosphite should be sprayed every 6–12 months, depending on the species and/or plant community.
The potential for the biological control of cavity-spot disease of carrots, caused by Pythium coloratum, by streptomycete and non-streptomycete actinomycetes
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 11-1997
DOI: 10.1046/J.1469-8137.1997.00856.X
Abstract: Actinomycetes isolated from carrot rhizosphere were screened for their in vitro and in vivo antagonism to Pythium coloration Vaartaja, a causal agent of cavity‐spot disease of carrots ( Daucus carata L.). Forty‐five streptomycete and non‐streptomycete actinomycete isolates were screened for in vitro antagonism in a carrot bioassay. Of these, seven which reduced or prevented lesion formation were identified using cultural, morphological, physiological, biochemical and cell wall characteristics as Streptomyces janthimts, S. cinerochromogenes, Streptoverticilium netropsis, Actinomadura rubra, Actinoplanes philippinensis, Muromonospora carbonaceae , and Streptosporangium albidum. All seven isolates tested produced non‐volatile antifungal metabolites, but failed to produce inhibitory volatile compounds. Actinoplanef philippincnsis and M. carbonacea grew epiphytically on the hyphae and oospores of P. eoloratum. The external surface of the oospores of the pathogen was heavily colonized by both hyperparasites, their hyphae were found to coil tightly around the oospore wall, and frequently caused cytoplasmic collapse of oospores. Sporangia of A. philippinensis were often seen to emerge from the colonized hyphae and oospores of P. eoloratum. None of the other actinomycete isolates showed hyperparasitism. All seven isolates significantly reduced the incidence of cavity spot in soil artificially infested with the pathogen in the glasshouse. Streptomyces janlhinus and Stfepto. albidum were the most effective in reducing the disease in inoculated plants. In addition, all the actinomycetes species except Ac. rubra and M. carbonacea , in the presence or absence of the pathogen, significantly ( P 0.05) increased mean fresh root weight compared to the treatment which included P. thorium only. This study shows that these actinomycetes have considerable potential for future use as biocontrol agents of cavity spot under natural field conditions. This is the first report of cavity‐spot disease of carrots being controlled by microbial antagonists, and is the first report of non‐streptomycete actinomycetes to control a Pythium disease.
Optimization of headspace solid-phase microextraction conditions for the identification of Phytophthora cinnamomi rands
Publisher: Scientific Societies
Date: 08-2014
DOI: 10.1094/PDIS-12-13-1258-RE
Abstract: A robust technique was developed to identify Phytophthora cinnamomi using headspace solid-phase microextraction (HS-SPME) combined with gas chromatography (GC) coupled to a flame ionization detector (FID) for analyzing volatile organic compounds (VOCs). Six fiber types were evaluated and results indicated that the three-phase fiber 50/30 μm inylbenzene/carboxen olydimethylsiloxane (DVB/CAR/PDMS) had the highest extraction efficiency for both polar and nonpolar GC columns. The maximum extraction efficiency (equilibrium absorption) was achieved 16 h after fiber exposure in the HS. Absorbed compounds on the fiber were completely desorbed in the GC injector after 5 min at 250°C. Compared with the nonpolar column, the polar column showed optimum separation of VOCs released from P. cinnamomi. Under the optimized HS-SPME and GC/FID conditions, lower detection limits for the four external standards was found to be between 1.57 to 27.36 ng/liter. Relative standard deviations .010% showed that the method is precise and reliable. The method also showed good linearity for the concentration range that was analyzed using four standards, with regression coefficients between 0.989 and 0.995, and the sensitivity of the method was 10 4 times greater than that of the conventional HS method. In this study, the VOC profiles of six Phytophthora spp. and one Pythium sp. were characterized by the optimized HS-SPME-GC method. The combination of the VOCs creates a unique pattern for each pathogen the chromatograms of different isolates of P. cinnamomi were the same and the specific VOC pattern of P. cinnamomi remained consistently independent of the growth medium used. The chromatograms and morphological studies showed that P. cinnamomi released specific VOCs at different stages of colony development. Using the optimized HS-SPME GC method, identification of P. cinnamomi from 15 in vivo diseased soil s les was as high as 100%. Results from this study demonstrate the feasibility of this method for identifying P. cinnamomi and the potential use of this method for physiological studies on P. cinnamomi.
The development and characteristics of periderm and rhytidome in eucalyptus marginata
Publisher: CSIRO Publishing
Date: 2009
DOI: 10.1071/BT08225
Abstract: To understand the pathway used by Phytophthora cinnamomi Rands to penetrate the bark of jarrah, the present study describes unwounded periderm and rhytidome development. Periderm formation is described from its initiation in 4-week-old seedlings to the formation of rhytidome in saplings. Periderm in young seedlings consists of a single type of phellem, namely thin-walled suberised cells. In older seedlings where multiple layers of periderm have formed, layers of thick-walled lignified phellem cells in compacted bands alternate with thin-walled suberised cells. Rhytidome formation in older lignotuberous seedlings and in sapling jarrah occurs through the isolation of secondary phloem by periderm. The rhytidome consists of expanded and partially disintegrated secondary phloem tissue sandwiched between layers of phellem cells. Localised periderm formation beneath stomata results in the formation of lenticels, which are ephemeral features. Superficial periderms occur at sites of leaf and shoot abscission, and of lateral shoot emergence. Concealed axillary shoots lack cuticle on emergence. As the trees age, the internal production of lignified and suberised periderm and rhytidome results in an impenetrable barrier to invasion by P. cinnamomi. However, external sites including lenticels and leaf and shoot abscission and emergence areas, all provide points of ingress in unwounded stems.
Fungal and bacterial endophytes antagonistic to Phytophthora species causing root rot in Cinnamomum cassia
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 22-03-2023
DOI: 10.1007/S11557-023-01878-5
Abstract: Endophytes were investigated for their potential to protect Cinnamomum cassia (cinnamon) from Phytophthora root rot. From healthy cinnamon trees in diseased plantations, 134 bacterial and fungal endophytes were isolated and screened in vitro for their ability to antagonise the root rot pathogens Phytophthora cinnamomi , P. multibullata and P. × vanyenensis . Seventeen endophytes exhibiting high levels of antagonism in vitro (more than 45%) were then tested in a glasshouse study for their ability to reduce the impact of Phytophthora infection in cinnamon seedlings. Trials using cinnamon seeds or seedlings inoculated with an endophyte and then infested with Phytophthora identified three endophytes expressing high levels of disease suppression (based on root damage reduction) and plant growth promotion. These were Penicillium citrinum , Xylaria curta and Clonostachys rosea . These endophytes can potentially be used in the biological control of root rot in cinnamon, but this must be explored further under field conditions.
Phylogenetic reassessment supports accommodation of Phaeophleospora and Colletogloeopsis from eucalypts in Kirramyces
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 10-2007
DOI: 10.1016/J.MYCRES.2007.07.003
Abstract: Species of Phaeophleospora are anamorphs of Mycosphaerella and they include some of the most serious foliar pathogens of Eucalyptus spp. grown in plantations worldwide. Pathogens assigned to this genus and occurring on Eucalyptus spp. were previously treated in Kirramyces and they are also phylogenetically closely related to other anamorphs of Mycosphaerella residing in the genus Colletogloeopsis. The primary aim of this study was to consider the appropriate taxonomic placement of these species. To achieve this goal, morphological characteristics and DNA sequence data from the ITS and translation EF1-alpha gene regions were used to compare the type species P. eugeniae, Phaeophleospora spp. and Colletogloeopsis spp. occurring on eucalypts, using ex-type cultures and herbarium specimens. Phylogenetic data and morphological comparisons supported the separation of P. eugeniae from Phaeophleospora species occurring on eucalypts. The name Phaeophleospora is retained for P. eugeniae and the name Kirramyces is resurrected for the species occurring on eucalypts (genera Eucalyptus, Corymbia, and Angophora). Sequence data from the type specimens of two previously described species of Kirramyces, K. lilianiae and K. delegatensis, show they reside in a clade with other Kirramyces spp. Morphological and DNA sequence comparisons also showed that there is considerable overlap between species of Phaeophleospora and Colletogloeopsis from eucalypts. Based on these findings, Colletogloeopsis is reduced to synonymy with the older Kirramyces and the description of Kirramyces is emended to include species with aseptate, as well as multiseptate, conidia produced in acervuli or pycnidia. Two new species of Kirramyces, K. angophorae and K. corymbiae, are also described.
Spatio-temporal water dynamics in mature Banksia menziesii trees during drought
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 11-03-2014
DOI: 10.1111/PPL.12170
Abstract: Southwest Australian Banksia woodlands are highly erse plant communities that are threatened by drought- or temperature-induced mortality due to the region's changing climate. We examined water relations in dominant Banksia menziesii R. Br. trees using magnetic leaf patch cl pressure (ZIM-) probes that allow continuous, real-time monitoring of leaf water status. Multiple ZIM-probes across the crown were complemented by traditional ecophysiological measurements. During summer, early stomatal downregulation of transpiration prevented midday balancing pressures from exceeding 2.5 MPa. Diurnal patterns of ZIM-probe and pressure chamber readings agreed reasonably well, however, ZIM-probes recorded short-term dynamics, which are impossible to capture using a pressure chamber. Simultaneous recordings of three ZIM-probes evenly spaced along leaf laminas revealed intrafoliar turgor gradients, which, however, did not develop in a strictly basi- or acropetal fashion and varied with cardinal direction. Drought stress manifested as increasing daily signal litude (low leaf water status) and occasionally as rising baseline at night (delayed rehydration). These symptoms occurred more often locally than across the entire crown. Microclimate effects on leaf water status were strongest in crown regions experiencing peak morning radiation (East and North). Extreme spring temperatures preceded the sudden death of B. menziesii trees, suggesting a temperature- or humidity-related tipping point causing rapid hydraulic failure as evidenced by collapsing ZIM-probe readings from an affected tree. In a warmer and drier future, increased frequency of B. menziesii mortality will result in significantly altered community structure and ecosystem function.
Outbreak of Phoracantha semipunctata in response to severe drought in a mediterranean Eucalyptus forest
Publisher: MDPI AG
Date: 30-10-2015
DOI: 10.3390/F6113868
Plant growth promotion and biological control of Pythium aphanidermatum, a pathogen of cucumber, by endophytic actinomycetes
Publisher: Oxford University Press (OUP)
Date: 2009
DOI: 10.1111/J.1365-2672.2008.03926.X
Abstract: To evaluate the potential of Actinoplanes c anulatus, Micromonospora chalcea and Streptomyces spiralis endophytic in cucumber roots, to promote plant growth and to protect seedlings and mature plants of cucumber from diseases caused by Pythium aphanidermatum, under greenhouse conditions. Three endophytic isolates, out of 29, were selected through tests aimed at understanding their mechanisms of action as biocontrol agents and plant growth promoters. When applied in idually or in combination, they significantly promoted plant growth and reduced d ing-off and crown and root rot of cucumber. The combination of the three isolates resulted in significantly better suppression of diseases and plant growth promotion, than where the plants were exposed to in idual strains. The three selected actinomycete isolates colonized cucumber roots endophytically for 8 weeks, promoted plant growth and suppressed pathogenic activities of P. aphanidermatum on seedling and mature cucumber plants. The results clearly show that the endophytic, glucanase-producing actinomycetes used, especially as a combined treatment, could replace metalaxyl, which is the currently recommended fungicide for Pythium diseases in the United Arab Emirates. These endophytic isolates also have the potential to perform as plant growth promoters, which is a useful attribute for crop production in nutrient impoverished soils.
Ecology of the western bearded dragon (Pogona minor) in unmined forest and forest restored after bauxite mining in south-west Western Australia
Publisher: CSIRO Publishing
Date: 2007
DOI: 10.1071/ZO07002
Abstract: Forest areas restored after mining typically take decades, or longer, before they resemble the original vegetation community. Understanding how fauna succession varies with plant succession requires detailed knowledge of an animal’s ecology. Knowledge of an animal’s ecology can also be used to predict faunal responses to management manipulations and enable techniques to be developed that accelerate the return of fauna to restored sites. We radio-tracked western bearded dragons (Pogona minor) in a mix of unmined forest sites and sites restored after bauxite mining, in the jarrah forest of south-west Western Australia, to determine critical resources and important microhabitats for dragons. Dragons were generalists – utilising a range of microhabitats – and adaptable, adjusting their microhabitat use depending on availability. In iduals also differed significantly in their microhabitat use and did not appear to have a defined home range. We concluded that the species would rapidly recolonise restored sites and that no modifications to current restoration practices were required to accelerate their return. Prescribed burning of restored areas could negatively affect this species but the effect would be short-term ( years). The approach used in this study could be used to develop management prescriptions that accelerate the return of late-successional species to restored sites.
Phytotoxicity in relation toin plantaconcentration of the fungicide phosphite in nine Western Australian native species
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 2004
DOI: 10.1071/AP04055
Phytophthora Cryptogea, an Additional Pathogen of Gerbera in Western Australia.
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 1988
DOI: 10.1071/APP9880067
Scratching beneath the surface: Bandicoot bioturbation contributes to ecosystem processes
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 29-08-2017
DOI: 10.1111/AEC.12428
Association of Phytophthora with Declining Vegetation in an Urban Forest Environment
Publisher: MDPI AG
Date: 29-06-2020
DOI: 10.3390/MICROORGANISMS8070973
Abstract: Urban forests consist of various environments from intensely managed spaces to conservation areas and are often reservoirs of a erse range of invasive pathogens due to their introduction through the nursery trade. Pathogens are likely to persist because the urban forest contains a mixture of native and exotic plant species, and the environmental conditions are often less than ideal for the trees. To test the impact of different land management approaches on the Phytophthora community, 236 discrete soil and root s les were collected from declining trees in 91 parks and nature reserves in Joondalup, Western Australia (WA). S ling targeted an extensive variety of declining native trees and shrubs, from families known to be susceptible to Phytophthora. A sub-s le was set aside and DNA extracted for metabarcoding using Phytophthora-specific primers the remaining soil and root s le was baited for the isolation of Phytophthora. We considered the effect on the Phytophthora community of park class and area, soil family, and the change in canopy cover or health as determined through sequential measurements using remote sensing. Of the 236 s les, baiting techniques detected Phytophthora species from 24 s les (18 parks), while metabarcoding detected Phytophthora from 168 s les (64 parks). Overall, forty-four Phytophthora phylotypes were detected. Considering only s ling sites where Phytophthora was detected, species richness averaged 5.82 (range 1–21) for s les and 9.23 (range 2–24) for parks. Phytophthora multivora was the most frequently found species followed by P. arenaria, P. amnicola and P. cinnamomi. While park area and canopy cover had a significant effect on Phytophthora community the R2 values were very low, indicating they have had little effect in shaping the community. Phytophthora cinnamomi and P. multivora, the two most invasive species, often co-occurring (61% of s les) however, the communities with P. multivora were more common than those with P. cinnamomi, reflecting observations over the past decade of the increasing importance of P. multivora as a pathogen in the urban environment.
Variation between plant species of in-planta concentration and effectiveness of low-volume phosphite spray on Phytophthora cinnamomi lesion development
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 18-01-2012
Novel phosphite and nutrient application to control Phytophthora cinnamomi disease
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 07-2015
Effect of phosphite on in planta zoospore production of Phytophthora cinnamomi
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 10-2001
Dieback classification modelling using high-resolution digital multispectral imagery and in situ assessments of crown condition
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Date: 11-2014
Flower visitation by honey possums (Tarsipes rostratus) in a coastal banksia heathland infested with the plant pathogen Phytophthora cinnamomi
Publisher: CSIRO Publishing
Date: 2013
DOI: 10.1071/AM12044
Abstract: The honey possum (Tarsipes rostratus) is a tiny (7–10 g) obligate nectarivore endemic to south-west Western Australia that relies on high floristic ersity for year-round nectar and pollen resources. We investigated flower visitation by honey possums at a site in the presence of the plant pathogen Phytophthora cinnamomi by s ling pollen on the head of captured and radio-tracked in iduals. The aim of the study was to identify plant species that were visited and to compare these with known susceptibility to Phytophthora to assess the potential impact of further spread of the pathogen on honey possums. Nine plant taxa were regularly identified from pollen on honey possums, including four Banksia species. Six of the nine plant taxa identified (Banksia plumosa, Adenanthos cuneatus, Calothamnus gracilis, B. brunnea, B. nutans, B. tenuis) were most frequently visited by honey possums, each making up % of pollen grains for at least one season. Five of the nine plant taxa are known to be susceptible to Phytophthora, which substantially changes vegetation composition in its wake. The inevitable spread of Phytophthora is postulated to result in the localised loss of resources for honey possums and is a concern for on-going conservation management.
Phytophthora versiformis sp. nov., a new species from Australia related to P. quercina
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 17-06-2017
Improving the colonization capacity and effectiveness of ectomycorrhizal fungal cultures by association with a host plant and re-isolation
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 07-1993
Class III endophytes, clandestine movement amongst hosts and habitats and their potential for disease; a focus on Neofusicoccum australe
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 29-07-2011
Identification and pathogenicity ofBotryosphaeriaspecies associated with grapevine decline in Western Australia
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 2005
DOI: 10.1071/AP05018
New records ofMycosphaerellaspecies from Eucalypts in Queensland
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 2005
DOI: 10.1071/AP05019
First record of the mycoparasite Sphaerellopsis filum on Puccinia boroniae in Australia
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 2004
DOI: 10.1071/AP04048
Phosphite primed defence responses and enhanced expression of defence genes in Arabidopsis thaliana infected with Phytophthora cinnamomi
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 12-05-2011
Incidence and new records of Mycosphaerella species within a Eucalyptus globulus plantation in Western Australia
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 06-2008
An advanced slit-type volumetric spore trap for monitoring bioaerosols; new methods for identifying fungal spores
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 2004
DOI: 10.1071/AP04047
New Teratosphaeria species occurring on eucalypts in Australia
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 11-02-2010
Phosphite and mycorrhizal formation in seedlings of three Australian Myrtaceae
Publisher: CSIRO Publishing
Date: 2000
DOI: 10.1071/BT00007
Abstract: Currently in Western Australia, phosphite is being used to contain the root and collar rot pathogen, Phytophthora cinnamomi, in native plant communities. There have been reports of negative effects of phosphite on arbuscular mycorrhiza (AM), so there are concerns that it may have a deleterious effect on other mycorrhizal fungi. Two glasshouse experiments were undertaken to determine the impact of phosphite on eucalypt-associated ectomycorrhizal fungi. In the first experiment, non-mycorrhizal seedlings of Eucalyptus marginata, Eucalyptus globulus and Agonis flexuosa were sprayed to runoff with several concentrations of phosphite, and then planted into soil naturally infested with early colonising mycorrhizal species. Assessments were made of percentage of roots infected with mycorrhizal fungi. There was no significant effect on ectomycorrhizal formation but there was a four-fold increase in AM colonisation of A. flexuosa roots with phosphite application. In the second experiment, E. globulus seedlings mycorrhizal with Pisolithus, Scleroderma and Descolea were treated with different levels of phosphite and infection of new roots by ectomycorrhizal fungi was assessed. There was no significant effect on ectomycorrhizal formation when phosphite was applied at the recommended rate (5 g L–1), while at 10 g L–1 phosphite significantly decreased infection by Descolea.
Isolation and pathogenicity of Phytophthora species from declining Rubus anglocandicans
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 20-07-2016
DOI: 10.1111/PPA.12436
Does woodland condition influence the diversity and abundance of small mammal communities?
Publisher: CSIRO Publishing
Date: 2014
DOI: 10.1071/AM13007
Abstract: Loss of mammal species in Australia in the last 200 years has been attributed to many factors including habitat removal and altered fire regimes. Decline in tree condition could contribute further to the ongoing decline of mammals. Eucalyptus wandoo trees are currently undergoing a decline in condition that can result in a loss of canopy and other changes to the habitat. This paper examines the relationships between E. wandoo tree condition, habitat characteristics and small mammal species richness and abundance. Live-capture trapping was conducted at 24 E. wandoo sites at Dryandra State Forest and Wandoo Conservation Park, Western Australia. Condition and microhabitat variables of E. wandoo were recorded for each site. Generalised additive mixed models revealed a range of habitat and tree condition characteristics that influenced small mammal abundance and species richness, including site litter cover, crown dieback, understorey vegetation cover and tree density. The availability of coarse woody debris played a large role in explaining the abundance of Cercartetus concinnus and Antechinus flavipes, along with other microhabitat and tree condition variables, such as tree leaf litter and crown dieback. Epicormic growth, crown density and the distance to the drift fence from E. wandoo trees were the common variables in the best model for the abundance of Sminthopsis griseoventer. The decline in condition of E. wandoo and the subsequent modifications to the microhabitat are correlated with changes in the small mammal community. A better understanding of how the decline of E. wandoo impacts small mammal communities could improve management practices in E. wandoo woodlands.
Mangrove Forest Landcover Changes in Coastal Vietnam: A Case Study from 1973 to 2020 in Thanh Hoa and Nghe An Provinces
Publisher: MDPI AG
Date: 18-05-2021
DOI: 10.3390/F12050637
Abstract: Mangrove forests can ameliorate the impacts of typhoons and storms, but their extent is threatened by coastal development. The northern coast of Vietnam is especially vulnerable as typhoons frequently hit it during the monsoon season. However, temporal change information in mangrove cover distribution in this region is incomplete. Therefore, this study was undertaken to detect change in the spatial distribution of mangroves in Thanh Hoa and Nghe An provinces and identify reasons for the cover change. Landsat satellite images from 1973 to 2020 were analyzed using the NDVI method combined with visual interpretation to detect mangrove area change. Six LULC classes were categorized: mangrove forest, other forests, aquaculture, other land use, mudflat, and water. The mangrove cover in Nghe An province was estimated to be 66.5 ha in 1973 and increased to 323.0 ha in 2020. Mangrove cover in Thanh Hoa province was 366.1 ha in 1973, decreased to 61.7 ha in 1995, and rose to 791.1 ha in 2020. Aquaculture was the main reason for the loss of mangroves in both provinces. Overall, the percentage of mangrove loss from aquaculture was 42.5% for Nghe An province and 60.1% for Thanh Hoa province. Mangrove restoration efforts have contributed significantly to mangrove cover, with more than 1300 ha being planted by 2020. This study reveals that improving mangrove restoration success remains a challenge for these provinces, and further refinement of engineering techniques is needed to improve restoration outcomes.
Assessment of australian native annual/herbaceous perennial plant species as asymptomatic or symptomatic hosts of phytophthora cinnamomi under controlled conditions
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 13-02-2013
DOI: 10.1111/EFP.12027
Current and projected global distribution of Phytophthora cinnamomi, one of the world's worst plant pathogens
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 11-10-2017
DOI: 10.1111/GCB.13492
Abstract: Globally, Phytophthora cinnamomi is listed as one of the 100 worst invasive alien species and active management is required to reduce impact and prevent spread in both horticulture and natural ecosystems. Conversely, there are regions thought to be suitable for the pathogen where no disease is observed. We developed a climex model for the global distribution of P. cinnamomi based on the pathogen's response to temperature and moisture and by incorporating extensive empirical evidence on the presence and absence of the pathogen. The climex model captured areas of climatic suitability where P. cinnamomi occurs that is congruent with all available records. The model was validated by the collection of soil s les from asymptomatic vegetation in areas projected to be suitable by the model for which there were few records. DNA was extracted, and the presence or absence of P. cinnamomi was determined by high-throughput sequencing (HTS). While not detected using traditional isolation methods, HTS detected P. cinnamomi at higher elevations in eastern Australia and central Tasmania as projected by the climex model. Further support for the climex model was obtained using the large data set from south-west Australia where the proportion of positive records in an area is related to the Ecoclimatic Index value for the same area. We provide for the first time a comprehensive global map of the current P. cinnamomi distribution, an improved climex model of the distribution, and a projection to 2080 of the distribution with predicted climate change. This information provides the basis for more detailed regional-scale modelling and supports risk assessment for governments to plan management of this important soil-borne plant pathogen.
The ‘chicken or the egg’: which comes first, forest tree decline or loss of mycorrhizae?
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 21-07-2017
Signs of wildlife activity and Eucalyptus wandoo condition
Publisher: CSIRO Publishing
Date: 2014
DOI: 10.1071/AM13022
Abstract: Soil disturbance by terrestrial vertebrates when foraging for food and shelter is not only a sign of activity but an ecosystem function required for soil health. Many forests and woodlands worldwide are currently showing signs of a decline in condition due to various causes. Eucalyptus wandoo, endemic to south-west Western Australia, has undergone a decline in condition over the last decade. This paper explores the influence of E. wandoo condition (e.g. loss of canopy) and the associated changes in the habitat (e.g. changes in leaf litter and bare ground cover) on the foraging activities and soil disturbance by vertebrates. The number of diggings and scats, a representation of the foraging effort by some vertebrates, were recorded in Dryandra Woodland and Wandoo Conservation Park, Western Australia. Mixed-model ANOVAs were used to explore the relationships between the number of scats and diggings with tree and habitat characteristics. More vertebrate diggings and scats were recorded beneath healthier E. wandoo trees. Diggings and scats were also correlated with time since last fire and seasonal differences, with more time since last fire and wetter months related to more diggings and scats. Changes in foraging effort, or turnover of soil by vertebrates, could be a result modification of the level of soil turnover and alter many ecosystem services such as tree recruitment and nutrient cycling, in turn altering the habitat quality and even tree condition itself.
New insights into the survival strategy of the invasive soilborne pathogen Phytophthora cinnamomi in different natural ecosystems in Western Australia
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 31-01-2013
DOI: 10.1111/EFP.12025
Intervention study of airborne fungal spora in homes with portable HEPA filtration units
Publisher: Royal Society of Chemistry (RSC)
Date: 2004
DOI: 10.1039/B408135H
Abstract: The concentrations and composition of airborne fungal spores in homes fitted with portable HEPA filtration units were examined to provide information to evaluate the importance of varying levels of fungal spores in residential environments in Perth, Australia. A novel method for simulating activity/impaction on carpeted environments was also investigated. Reductions in fungal (35%) and particulate (38%) levels were achieved in the air filter homes. Penicillium, Cladosporium and yeasts were the most common and widespread fungi recovered indoors and outdoors. Fungal range decreased over the study period but this could be due to an overall reduced dissemination of spores (less spores in the air).
Carbon consequences of drought differ in forests that resprout
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 19-03-2019
DOI: 10.1111/GCB.14589
Abstract: Prolonged drought and intense heat-related events trigger sudden forest die-off events and have now been reported from all forested continents. Such die-offs are concerning given that drought and heatwave events are forecast to increase in severity and duration as climate change progresses. Quantifying consequences to carbon dynamics and storage from die-off events are critical for determining the current and future mitigation potential of forests. We took stand measurements five times over 2+ years from affected and unaffected plots across the Northern Jarrah Forest, southwestern Australia, following an acute drought/heatwave in 2011. We found a significant loss of live standing carbon (49.3 t ha
Bread from stones: Post-mining land use change from phosphate mining to farmland
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 04-2017
Within-Tree Distribution and Survival of the Eucalyptus Longhorned Borer Phoracantha semipunctata (Coleoptera: Cerambycidae) in a Mediterranean-Type Ecosystem
Publisher: MDPI AG
Date: 04-04-2020
Abstract: The attack patterns, infestation success and larval development of woodborers within living trees are complex and are largely shaped by host tree characteristics. Following a severe drought in a native eucalypt forest where outbreak densities of a native Australian beetle, the eucalyptus longhorned borer (Phoracantha semipunctata), occurred, a tree dissection study was conducted in Australia. This involved felling 40 trees each of jarrah (Eucalyptus marginata) and marri (Corymbia calophylla) that were cut into 1-m sections and neonate larval galleries, larvae in pupal cells and adult borer emergence were measured and added to give total numbers per tree to determine the within-tree distribution and survival of P. semipunctata. There was a significant impact on larval survival in both species, in contrast, pupal survival remained high. Within-tree distribution of P. semipunctata was directional with borer emergence and incidence of larval galleries both negatively associated with tree section height above the ground and positively associated with section diameter and bark thickness, reaching a maximum towards the base of trees. High incidence and survival in lower thicker tree sections indicate a more conducive environment for larval development, in contrast to poor larval survival in smaller thinner sections at the top of trees. The dependence of larval survival on tree characteristics controlling the within-tree distribution of borer emergence is emphasized, and needs to be considered when estimating the spread of borer populations during outbreaks.
An overview of Australia's Phytophthora species assemblage in natural ecosystems recovered from a survey in Victoria
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 02-03-2016
Pathogenicity of Phytophthora multivora to Eucalyptus gomphocephala and Eucalyptus marginata
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 19-12-2012
Infection, hyperparasitism and conidiogenesis of Mycosphaerella lateralis on Eucalyptus globulus in Western Australia
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 2004
DOI: 10.1071/AP03068
Morphology of the rust fungus Puccinia boroniae revisited
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Date: 11-2005
DOI: 10.3852/MYCOLOGIA.97.6.1330
Abstract: Puccinia boroniae Henns. is a rust fungus endemic to Australia, infecting various Boronia spp. This study describes and illustrates, using light and scanning electron microscopy, the telial stage, teliospore germination and basidiospore production of specimens collected from commercial Boronia plantations in Western Australia. Unusual formation of a single basidiospore per germinating teliospore, and the pycnial stage, observed on Boronia megastigma leaves, are reported for the first time for P. boroniae.
Effects of hypoxia on root morphology and lesion development in Eucalyptus marginata infected with Phytophthora cinnamomi
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 12-1999
Permanent Genetic Resources added to Molecular Ecology Resources Database 1 October 2010–30 November 2010
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 21-01-2011
DOI: 10.1111/J.1755-0998.2010.02970.X
Abstract: This article documents the addition of 277 microsatellite marker loci to the Molecular Ecology Resources Database. Loci were developed for the following species: Ascochyta rabiei, Cambarellus chapalanus, Chionodraco hamatus, Coptis omeiensis, Cynoscion nebulosus, Daphnia magna, Gerbillus nigeriae, Isurus oxyrinchus, Lates calcarifer, Metacarcinus magister, Oplegnathus fasciatus, Pachycondyla verenae, Phaethon lepturus, Pimelodus grosskopfii, Rotylenchulus reniformis, Scomberomorus niphonius, Sepia esculenta, Terapon jarbua, Teratosphaeria cryptica and Thunnus obesus. These loci were cross-tested on the following species: Austropotamobius italicus, Cambarellus montezumae, Cambarellus puer, Cambarellus shufeldtii, Cambarellus texanus, Chionodraco myersi, Chionodraco rastrospinosus, Coptis chinensis, Coptis chinensis var. brevisepala, Coptis deltoidea, Coptis teeta, Orconectes virilis, Pacifastacus leniusculus, Pimelodus bochii, Procambarus clarkii, Pseudopimelodus bufonius, Rhamdia quelen, Sepia andreana, Sepiella maindroni, Thunnus alalunga, Thunnus albacares, Thunnus maccoyii, Thunnus orientalis, Thunnus thynnus and Thunnus tonggol.
First record of the teleomorph stage of Drechslera teres f. maculata in Australia
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 2004
DOI: 10.1071/AP04032
Multiple new <I>Phytophthora</I> species from ITS Clade 6 associated with natural ecosystems in Australia: evolutionary and ecological implications
Publisher: Naturalis Biodiversity Center
Date: 30-06-2011
In planta selfing and oospore production of Phytophthora cinnamomi in the presence of Acacia pulchella
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 03-2007
DOI: 10.1016/J.MYCRES.2006.11.003
Abstract: This paper provides the first evidence of A2 type 1 and type 2 isolates of Phytophthora cinnamomi producing selfed oospores in planta in an Australian soil and in a potting mix. Oospores were observed in infected lupin (Lupinus angustifolius) roots incubated for 7d either in the substrate under potted Acacia pulchella plants, or in soils collected from under and near varieties of A. pulchella in jarrah (Eucalyptus marginata) forest. The A2 type isolates varied in their ability to produce selfed oospores and none were produced by A1 isolates. The gametangial association was higynous and spores were predominantly spherical with diameters from 13-40 microm. The oospores were viable but dormant. Two A2 type isolates produced small numbers of selfed oospores with higynous antheridia axenically in Ribeiro's liquid medium within 30 d, and one A2 type 2 isolate produced oospores after mating with an A1 strain. Evidence is presented that the presence of roots of Acacia pulchella, and particularly A. pulchella var. glaberrima and var. goadbyi, enhances the production of oospores.
Promoting seedling physiological performance and early establishment in degraded Mediterranean-type ecosystems
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 02-11-2016
Soil amendments and suppression of Phytophthora root rot in avocado (Persea indica)
Publisher: Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory
Date: 02-02-2022
DOI: 10.1101/2022.01.31.478582
Abstract: The ability of microbial or mineral-based soil additives to suppress root rot caused by Phytophthora cinnamomi was assessed. Phosphite and metalaxyl treatments for the control of disease, and glyphosate for weed control were also assessed. A treatment simulating avocado orchard conditions had chicken manure, wood mulch, and mulch from beneath trees in an avocado orchard added to the pots. Soil treatments (three probiotic and two mineral-based) were applied to 9-month-old saplings growing in containers in a glasshouse. After one-month, half of the plants of each treatment were inoculated with the pathogen. Three months after inoculation, plants were harvested and plant growth and root damage were measured. In the first experiment infestation with P. cinnamomi significantly reduced fine root dry weight in all plants except those in soil treated with one silicon-based mineral mulch. Visible root damage was higher in plants treated with probiotics. In this experiment, and in a repeat experiment the reduction of fine root damage achieved by spraying plants with phosphite or addition of a silica based mineral mulch was similar. Phosphite was preferable to metalaxyl as a chemical treatment, as the latter reduced shoot and root growth of non-infected plants. Glyphosate treatment of wheat seedlings growing in the pots with the avocados reduced shoot and fine root growth of both non-infected and infected plants. These observations need to be confirmed under field conditions.
New species of Teratosphaeria associated with leaf diseases on Corymbia calophylla (Marri)
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 28-01-2012
How drought-induced forest die-off alters microclimate and increases fuel loadings and fire potentials
Publisher: CSIRO Publishing
Date: 2016
DOI: 10.1071/WF15028
Abstract: Forest die-offs associated with drought and heat have recently occurred across the globe, raising concern that associated changes in fuels and microclimate could link initial die-off disturbance to subsequent fire disturbance. Despite widespread concern, little empirical data exist. Following forest die-off in the Northern Jarrah Forest, south-western Australia, we quantified fuel dynamics and associated microclimate for die-off and control plots. Sixteen months post die-off, die-off plots had significantly increased 1-h fuels (11.8 vs 9.8 tonnes ha–1) but not larger fuel classes (10-h and 100-h fuels). Owing to stem mortality, die-off plots had significantly greater standing dead wood mass (100 vs 10 tonnes ha–1), visible sky (hemispherical images analysis: 31 vs 23%) and potential near-ground solar radiation input (measured as Direct Site Factor: 0.52 vs 0.34). Supplemental mid-summer microclimate measurements (temperature, relative humidity and wind speed) were combined with long-term climatic data and fuel load estimates to parameterise fire behaviour models. Fire spread rates were predicted to be 30% greater in die-off plots with relatively equal contributions from fuels and microclimate, highlighting need for operational consideration by fire managers. Our results underscore potential for drought-induced tree die-off to interact with subsequent fire under climate change.
Gene flow of the canker pathogen Botryosphaeria australis between Eucalyptus globulus plantations and native eucalypt forests in Western Australia
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 20-07-2006
The plant pathogen Phytophthora cinnamomi influences habitat use by the obligate nectarivore honey possum (Tarsipes rostratus)
Publisher: CSIRO Publishing
Date: 2016
DOI: 10.1071/ZO16019
Abstract: Introduced plant pathogens can devastate susceptible plant communities, and consequently impact on animal communities reliant on plants for food and habitat. Specifically, plant pathogens change the floristic ersity of vegetation communities, thereby reducing availability of food sources for fauna (e.g. pollen and nectar) and result in major changes to habitat structure when canopy and understorey plant species succumb to disease. Phytophthora cinnamomi poses a threat to flowering plant species (e.g. Banksia species) which are important food sources for nectarivorous fauna. The honey possum (Tarsipes rostratus) is the only obligate nectarivorous non-flying mammal living on a restrictive diet of nectar and pollen consequently, these tiny mammals are likely to be particularly vulnerable to the landscape-wide devastation caused by P. cinnamomi. We investigated habitat selection by honey possums in a vegetation community infested with P. cinnamomi to determine how these mammals respond to habitat affected by this pathogen. Over four seasons, 18 honey possums were fitted with radio-transmitters and tracked to identify habitat preferences. Vegetation surveys were compared for locations selected by honey possums (as determined from tracking) and randomly selected sites. Radio-tracking revealed that sites selected by honey possums were significantly taller, denser, and more floristically erse than their paired random locations. The presence of P. cinnamomi influences habitat use by honey possums, but animals show resilience in terms of using the best of what is available in both P. cinnamomi–affected and unaffected locations. Habitat patches comprising less susceptible species, or plants that have yet to succumb to infection, provide refuge and food resources for honey possums. Management to reduce the spread of existing P. cinnamomi infestations and prevent contamination of new locations will benefit vegetation communities and associated faunal communities, while identifying honey possum food plant species that are resilient to the pathogen may support revegetation attempts.
Ultrastructural changes observed in Colletotrichum alienum conidia following treatment with cold plasma or plasma‐activated water
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 03-07-2021
DOI: 10.1111/PPA.13422
Abstract: Previous studies demonstrated that a reduction in germination of Colletotrichum alienum conidia could be achieved following treatment with cold plasma (CP) or incubation with plasma‐activated water (PAW). In this study, the mode of action of CP and PAW on C . alienum conidia was explored using transmission electron microscopy. Following treatment of the conidia, noticeable ultrastructural changes were observed, including cell wall maceration, disorganization of the cytoplasm and vacuole, and changes to the nuclei and mitochondria. Disorganization of the cytoplasm was exhibited by 85% of conidia after CP or PAW treatment. Also, 85% of conidia were observed with disorganized vacuoles after 6 min of CP treatment and 65% after 3 hr incubation in PAW. Further, 45% or more conidia had modified cell walls after PAW incubation or CP treatment. Deformation of conidia was observed in 23% of conidia after PAW incubation. These ultrastructural changes are a likely reason for the reduced germination of C . alienum conidia following CP or PAW treatment.
Calcium sulphate soil treatments augment the survival of phosphite-sprayed Banksia leptophylla infected with Phytophthora cinnamomi
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 19-06-2014
Genome sequences of six Phytophthora species associated with forests in New Zealand
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 03-2016
Use of soil solarization to control root rots in gerberas (Gerbera jamesonii)
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 07-1989
DOI: 10.1007/BF00260514
Quambalaria species, including Q. coyrecup sp. nov., implicated in canker and shoot blight diseases causing decline of Corymbia species in the southwest of Western Australia
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 2008
DOI: 10.1016/J.MYCRES.2007.10.005
Abstract: A severe canker disease has been causing decline and death of Corymbia calophylla in the southwest of Western Australia (WA) for some years, but the causal agent has never been investigated. However, there have been historical reports dating back to the 1920s of a canker disease of amenity planted C. ficifolia caused by 'Sporotrichum destructor', though the description and Latin diagnosis were never published. It has been suggested that there may be links between this species and the genus Quambalaria, a group containing leaf and shoot pathogens of species of Eucalyptus and Corymbia. The aim of this study was to investigate the identity of the pathogen historically attributed to canker disease of C. ficifolia, determine whether this pathogen is responsible for the current epidemic of C. calophylla canker, and whether it is synonymous with Quambalaria. Surveys examined the range of Quambalaria spp. on Corymbia spp. endemic to southwest WA. Their phylogenetic relationship to Q. cyanescens, Q. eucalypti, and Q. pitereka was examined using rLSU and ITS sequence data. Morphological characters were also compared. Sequences confirmed that Q. cyanescens and Q. pitereka are present in southwest WA, with the latter associated with leaf and shoot disease. A third group isolated from cankers represent a new species of Quambalaria. Comparisons of disease symptoms and conidiogenesis indicate this species is synonymous with 'S. destructor'. The species is formally described here as Q. coyrecup sp. nov.
Is the loss of australian digging mammals contributing to a deterioration in ecosystem function?
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 30-09-2014
DOI: 10.1111/MAM.12014
Phytophthora elongatasp. nov., a novel pathogen from theEucalyptus marginataforest of Western Australia
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 2010
DOI: 10.1071/AP10014
Characterization of Phytophthora hybrids from ITS clade 6 associated with riparian ecosystems in South Africa and Australia
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 05-2013
DOI: 10.1016/J.FUNBIO.2013.03.004
Abstract: Surveys of Australian and South African rivers revealed numerous Phytophthora isolates residing in clade 6 of the genus, with internal transcribed spacer (ITS) gene regions that were either highly polymorphic or unsequenceable. These isolates were suspected to be hybrids. Three nuclear loci, the ITS region, two single copy loci (antisilencing factor (ASF) and G protein alpha subunit (GPA)), and one mitochondrial locus (cytochrome oxidase c subunit I (coxI)) were lified and sequenced to test this hypothesis. Abundant recombination within the ITS region was observed. This, combined with phylogenetic comparisons of the other three loci, confirmed the presence of four different hybrid types involving the three described parent species Phytophthora amnicola, Phytophthora thermophila, and Phytophthora taxon PgChlamydo. In all cases, only a single coxI allele was detected, suggesting that hybrids arose from sexual recombination. All the hybrid isolates were sterile in culture and all their physiological traits tended to resemble those of the maternal parents. Nothing is known regarding their host range or pathogenicity. Nonetheless, as several isolates from Western Australia were obtained from the rhizosphere soil of dying plants, they should be regarded as potential threats to plant health. The frequent occurrence of the hybrids and their parent species in Australia strongly suggests an Australian origin and a subsequent introduction into South Africa.
Pathogenicity of nineteen Phytophthora species to a range of common urban trees
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 28-08-2020
Survival of Phytophthora cinnamomi as oospores, Stromata, And thick-walled chlamydospores in roots of symptomatic and asymptomatic annual and herbaceous perennial plant species
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 02-2013
DOI: 10.1016/J.FUNBIO.2012.12.004
Abstract: Studies were conducted to determine how Phytophthora cinnamomi survives during hot and dry Mediterranean summers in areas with limited surviving susceptible hosts. Two Western Australian herbaceous perennials Chamaescilla corymbosa and Stylidium diuroides and one Western Australian annual Trachymene pilosa were collected weekly from a naturally infested site from the Eucalyptus marginata (jarrah) forest from winter to spring and less frequently during summer 2011/2012. Selfed oospores, thick-walled chlamydospores, and stromata of P. cinnamomi were observed in each species. Oospores and thick-walled chlamydospores germinated in planta confirming their viability. This is the first report of autogamy by P. cinnamomi in naturally infected plants. Stromata, reported for the first time for P. cinnamomi, were densely aggregated inside host cells, and germinated in planta with multiple germ tubes with hyphae capable of producing oospores and chlamydospores. Trachymene pilosa was completely asymptomatic, S. diuroides did not develop root lesions but some plants wilted, whilst C. corymbosa remained asymptomatic above ground but lesions developed on some tubers. The presence of haustoria suggests that P. cinnamomi grows biotrophically in some hosts. Asymptomatic, biotrophic growth of P. cinnamomi in some annual and herbaceous perennials and the production of a range of survival structures have implications for pathogen persistence over summer and its management.
Does coarse woody debris density and volume influence the terrestrial vertebrate community in restored bauxite mines?
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 04-2014
A quantitative PCR assay for accurate in planta quantification of the necrotrophic pathogen Phytophthora cinnamomi
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 04-06-2011
Edge effects across boundaries between natural and restored jarrah (Eucalyptus marginata) forests in south-western Australia
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 10-09-2015
DOI: 10.1111/AEC.12193
Analysis of volatiles from stored wheat and Rhyzopertha dominica (F.) with solid phase microextraction-gas chromatography mass spectrometry
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 06-07-2016
DOI: 10.1002/JSFA.7274
Abstract: Volatile organic compounds (VOCs) contribute significantly to food flavour and can be used as indicators of quality, age of storage, and hygiene condition of stored products. The VOCs in the headspace of three different s les - healthy wheat, Rhyzopertha dominica, and wheat with R. dominica - were analysed at 25°C by solid phase micro-extraction (SPME) coupled with gas chromatography-flame ionisation detection (GC-FID) and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). All the experimental conditions were kept consistent except a polar column and a non-polar column were used to assess the differences in volatile fingerprints. A total of 114 volatiles were identified by both the polar and non-polar columns, of which 48 were specific to one of the three s les tested. The volatiles were mainly carbonyl chemical compounds such as aldehydes, ketones and alcohols. GC-MS results showed slightly more VOCs were identified from the polar column. The total number for the three s les was 43 from the polar column compared to 39 from the non-polar column. Conversely, 30 VOCs unique to a given s le were identified from the non-polar column compared to 18 from the polar column. The use of both polar and non-polar columns is essential to capture the full range of VOCs produced by the three specific s le types investigated. The data can form the basis of enquiry into the relationship between storage and grain quality, and insect infestation and grain quality by observing the impact that these circumstances have on the production of volatile organic compounds.
Mangrove Dieback and Leaf Disease in Sonneratia apetala and Sonneratia caseolaris in Vietnam
Publisher: MDPI AG
Date: 17-09-2021
DOI: 10.3390/F12091273
Abstract: Even though survival rates for mangrove restoration in Vietnam have often been low, there is no information on fungal pathogens associated with mangrove decline in Vietnam. Therefore, this research was undertaken to assess the overall health of mangrove afforestation in Thanh Hoa Province and fungal pathogens associated with tree decline. From a survey of 4800 Sonneratia trees, the incidence of disorders was in the order of pink leaf spot shoot dieback black leaf spot for S. caseolaris and black leaf spot shoot dieback pink leaf spot for S. apetala. Approximately 12% of S. caseolaris trees had both pink leaf spot and shoot dieback, while only 2% of S. apetala trees had black leaf spot and shoot dieback. Stem and leaf s les were taken from symptomatic trees and fungi were cultured in vitro. From ITS4 and ITS5 analysis, four main fungal genera causing leaf spots and shoot dieback on the two Sonneratia species were identified. The most frequently isolated fungal taxa were Curvularia aff. tsudae (from black leaf spot),Neopestalotiopsis sp.1 (from stem dieback), Pestalotiopsis sp.1 (from pink leaf spot), and Pestalotiopsis sp.4a (from black leaf spot). The pathogenicity of the four isolates was assessed by under-bark inoculation of S. apetala and S. caseolaris seedlings in a nursery in Thai Binh Province. All isolates caused stem lesions, and Neopestalotiopsis sp.1 was the most pathogenic. Thus, investigation of fungal pathogens and their impact on mangrove health should be extended to other afforestation projects in the region, and options for disease management need to be developed for mangrove nurseries.
Effect of solarization of soil within plastic bags on root rot of gerbera (Gerbera jamesonii L.)
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 12-1989
DOI: 10.1007/BF02377081
Phosphite stimulated histological responses of Eucalyptus marginata to infection by Phytophthora cinnamomi
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 15-07-2011
How many mature microhabitats does a slow-recolonising reptile require? Implications for restoration of bauxite minesites in south-western Australia
Publisher: CSIRO Publishing
Date: 2011
DOI: 10.1071/ZO10046
Abstract: If we are to accelerate the recolonisation of restored areas by slow-recolonising species, we must provide suitable microhabitats at appropriate densities. Previous research in south-western Australia has shown that Napoleon’s skink (Egernia napoleonis) rarely recolonises restored areas. We trapped Napoleon’s skink in restoration and unmined forest to confirm the species was late successional. We also radio-tracked six skinks in unmined forest, to determine types and characteristics of used microhabitats, and estimated home ranges to determine required microhabitat densities, with the aim of accelerating skink recolonisation of restored areas. All tracked skinks used logs and hollow-bearing trees. Used logs were larger, and used trees were larger and taller than random s les, probably because large logs and trees were more likely to contain cracks and hollows that provide a refuge from predators. Extrapolations from home-range estimates indicated that a minimum of four logs ha–1 are required in restored areas to facilitate recolonisation by skinks, with skink densities likely to increase with log densities. Our study demonstrated that not all fauna will naturally recolonise restored areas and management of these areas is required to provide suitable habitat for late-successional species. Our approach could potentially be applied to other ecosystems or species.
Fungi and oomycetes in open irrigation systems: Knowledge gaps and biosecurity implications
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 11-04-2014
DOI: 10.1111/PPA.12223
Towards a best practice methodology for the detection of Phytophthora species in soils
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 18-11-2020
DOI: 10.1111/PPA.13312
A threatened ecological community
Publisher: CSIRO Publishing
Date: 2021
DOI: 10.1071/BT20089
Abstract: The rapid expansion of urban areas worldwide is leading to native habitat loss and ecosystem fragmentation and degradation. Although the study of urbanisation’s impact on bio ersity is gaining increasing interest globally, there is still a disconnect between research recommendations and urbanisation strategies. Expansion of the Perth metropolitan area on the Swan Coastal Plain in south-western Australia, one of the world’s thirty-six bio ersity hotspots, continues to affect the Banksia Woodlands (BWs) ecosystem, a federally listed Threatened Ecological Community (TEC). Here, we utilise the framework of a 1989 review of the state of knowledge of BWs ecology and conservation to examine scientific advances made in understanding the composition, processes and functions of BWs and BWs’ species over the last 30 years. We highlight key advances in our understanding of the ecological function and role of mechanisms in BWs that are critical to the management of this ecosystem. The most encouraging change since 1989 is the integration of research between historically disparate ecological disciplines. We outline remaining ecological knowledge gaps and identify key research priorities to improve conservation efforts for this TEC. We promote a holistic consideration of BWs with our review providing a comprehensive document that researchers, planners and managers may reference. To effectively conserve ecosystems threatened by urban expansion, a range of stakeholders must be involved in the development and implementation of best practices to conserve and maintain both bio ersity and human wellbeing.
Pathways to false-positive diagnoses using molecular genetic detection methods; Phytophthora cinnamomi a case study
Publisher: Oxford University Press (OUP)
Date: 12-01-2017
Abstract: Phytophthora cinnamomi is one of the world's most invasive plant pathogens affecting ornamental plants, horticultural crops and natural ecosystems. Accurate diagnosis is very important to determine the presence or absence of this pathogen in diseased and asymptomatic plants. In previous studies, P. cinnamomi species-specific primers were designed and tested using various polymerase chain reaction (PCR) techniques including conventional PCR, nested PCR and quantitative real-time PCR. In all cases, the primers were stated to be highly specific and sensitive to P. cinnamomi. However, few of these studies tested their primers against closely related Phytophthora species (Phytophthora clade 7). In this study, we tested these purported P. cinnamomi-specific primer sets against 11 other species from clade 7 and determined their specificity of the eight tested primer sets only three were specific to P. cinnamomi. This study demonstrated the importance of testing primers against closely related species within the same clade, and not just other species within the same genus. The findings of this study are relevant to all species-specific microbial diagnosis.
The potential of five Western Australian native Acacia species for biological control of Phytophthora cinnamomi
Publisher: CSIRO Publishing
Date: 2004
DOI: 10.1071/BT03089
Abstract: Five Acacia species native to Western Australia were assessed for their potential to protect the highly susceptible species Banksia grandis Wield from infection by the plant pathogen Phytophthora cinnamomi Rands. In a rehabilitated bauxite pit at Jarrahdale 55 km south-east of Perth and in a glasshouse trial, B. grandis planted either alone or with A. pulchella R.Br., A. urophylla Benth., A. extensa Lindl., A. lateriticola Maslin or A. drummondii Lindl., was soil inoculated with P. cinnamomi. It could only be shown that A. pulchella significantly protected B. grandis from P. cinnamomi infection in the rehabilitated bauxite pit trial up to 1 year after inoculation. This confirms the potential of this species for biological control of the pathogen in infested plant communities. The observed protection was not the result of a decrease in soil temperature or moisture. Protection was not emulated in a glasshouse trial where optimum environmental conditions favoured P. cinnamomi. Despite a delay in infection of B. grandis planted with Acacia spp., none of the five species definitively protected B. grandis from P. cinnamomi. However, in the glasshouse trial, A. pulchella, A. extensa, A. lateriticola and A. drummondii did significantly reduce the soil inoculum of P. cinnamomi, indicating a possible biological control effect on the pathogen. The mechanisms of biological control are discussed and the implications for management of rehabilitated bauxite mined areas and forests severely affected by P. cinnamomi are considered.
Use of the Genealogical Sorting Index (GSI) to delineate species boundaries in the Neofusicoccum parvum–Neofusicoccum ribis species complex
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 09-2011
DOI: 10.1016/J.YMPEV.2011.04.026
Abstract: Neofusicoccum is a recently described genus of common endophytes and pathogens of woody hosts, previously placed in the genus Botryosphaeria. Many morphological characteristics routinely used to describe species overlap in Neofusicoccum, and prior to the use of molecular phylogenetics, isolates from different hosts and locations were often misidentified. Two cryptic species Neofusicoccum ribis and Neofusicoccum parvum were initially described from different continents and recently another four species within this complex were described using fixed nucleotide polymorphisms for differentiation. In a survey of eucalypt cankers in eastern Australia, a collection of morphologically similar Neofusicoccum isolates were obtained. This collection was analysed within the framework of the morphological (MSRC), ecological (ESRC) and phylogenetic (PSRC) species recognition concepts. Morphological data based on spore measurements (MSRC), together with pathogenicity trials (ESRC) were considered alongside molecular analysis (PSRC), which included multiple gene phylogenies constructed from four nuclear gene regions. We also used the Genealogical Sorting Index method to provide objective evidence for the status of terminal taxa in the phylogenetic analysis. The isolates examined exhibited overlapping morphological and culture characteristics, similar pathogenicity to excised stems and shared hosts within the same locations. Phylogenetic analysis separated isolates into 8 clades corresponding to six described species: N. ribis, N. parvum, Neofusicoccum kwambonambiense, Neofusicoccum cordaticola, Neofusicoccum umdonicola, Neofusicoccum batangarum, and two new species. GSI support indicated combined phylogenetic data were monophyletic for all clades and all p-values were significant allowing us to reject the null hypothesis that all groups were from a single mixed group. Consequently the description of Neofusicoccum occulatum is presented.
The role of paragynous and amphigynous antheridia in sexual reproduction of Phytophthora cinnamomi
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 11-1997
Digging mammals contribute to rhizosphere fungal community composition and seedling growth
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 21-07-2018
Plasma‐activated water inhibits in vitro conidial germination of Colletotrichum alienum, a postharvest pathogen of avocado
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 24-10-2020
DOI: 10.1111/PPA.13291
Urban remnant size alters fungal functional groups dispersed by a digging mammal
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 29-09-2021
Linking restoration outcomes with mechanism: The role of site preparation, fertilisation and revegetation timing relative to soil density and water content
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 28-06-2013
Action of the fungicide phosphite on Eucalyptus marginata inoculated with Phytophthora cinnamomi
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 02-2000
Effect of the fungicide phosphite on pollen fertility of perennial species of the Eucalyptus marginata forest and northern sandplains of Western Australia.
Publisher: CSIRO Publishing
Date: 2002
DOI: 10.1071/BT01094
Abstract: The fungicide phosphite was shown to affect pollen fertility in a range of perennial species from the south-west of Western Australia. Phosphite was applied to perennial species of the jarrah (Eucalyptus marginata) forest by spraying to run-off with 2.5, 5 and 10 g L–1 phosphite in either autumn or spring. Pollen fertility of Dryandra sessilis was reduced by phosphite for up to 35 and 60 weeks after spraying in spring or autumn, respectively. Trymalium ledifolium pollen fertility was reduced by phosphite 38 and 61 weeks after spraying in spring or autumn, respectively. Lasiopetalum floribundum was less affected with a reduction in pollen fertility being observed for up to 3 weeks after spraying in spring. Other perennial understorey species of the jarrah forest, Adenanthos barbiger, Boronia cymosa, Hovea elliptica and Phyllanthus calycinus were also shown to have reduced pollen fertility after treatment in autumn or spring, as did Comesperma calymega, Eremaea astrocarpa and Hibbertia hypericoides, species of the northern sandplains when sprayed in summer.
A conceptual model to describe the decline of European blackberry (Rubus anglocandicans), a weed of national significance in Australia
Publisher: Scientific Societies
Date: 05-2014
DOI: 10.1094/PDIS-11-13-1124-FE
Abstract: Human activities have had an adverse impact on ecosystems on a global scale and have caused an unprecedented redispersal of organisms, with both plants and pathogens moving from their regions of origin to other parts of the world. Invasive plants are a potential threat to ecosystems globally, and their management costs tens of billions of dollars per annum. Rubus anglocandicans (European blackberry) is a serious invasive species in Australia. Herbicide and cultural control methods are generally inefficient or require multiple applications. Therefore, a biological control program using stem and leaf rust strains is the main option in Australia. However, biological control using rusts has been patchy, as host factors, climate, and weather can alter the impact of the rust at different locations. In 2007, Yeoh and Fontanini noticed that blackberry plants on the banks of the Donnelly and Warren rivers in the southwest of Western Australia were dying in areas that were being regularly monitored for the impact of rust as a biological control agent. The symptoms on blackberry became known as the disease “blackberry decline”. Continuous and intensive investigations are required to discover the different biotic and abiotic components associated with specific declines in plant populations. The only agent so far introduced to Australia for the biological control of blackberry is the rust Phragmidium violaceum.
Vegetation of Phytophthora cinnamomi-infested and adjoining uninfested sites in the northern jarrah (Eucalyptus marginata) forest of Western Australia
Publisher: CSIRO Publishing
Date: 2002
DOI: 10.1071/BT01096
Abstract: The vegetation of seven sites in the northern jarrah forest of Western Australia infested with Phytophthora cinnamomi was recorded and compared with adjoining vegetation. The number of species per quadrat was found to be the same in vegetation affected by P. cinnamomi as in healthy vegetation, although there were more species overall in affected vegetation. Vegetation of uninfested sites had a higher cover and more species per quadrat of trees and shrubs and lower cover and fewer species per quadrat of annual plants than vegetation of infested sites. Although many species that are known to be highly susceptible to infection by P. cinnamomi were rare at infested sites, only two (Banksia grandis and Tetratheca hirsuta) were absent from all of the 50-year-old infested parts of sites. Several species that are known to be highly susceptible to infection by P. cinnamomi were as common at infested as at healthy sites. The presence of such species at infested sites and the capacity of P. cinnamomi to infect species it does not kill suggest that this pathogen will persist and continue to influence future vegetation in the jarrah forest.
Understorey thinning and burning trials are needed in conservation reserves: The case of Tuart (Eucalyptus gomphocephala D.C.)
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 21-07-2010
The efficacy of phosphite applied after inoculation on the colonisation of Banksia brownii stems by Phytophthora cinnamomi
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 2003
DOI: 10.1071/AP02061
Phytophthora inundata from native vegetation in Western Australia
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 2007
DOI: 10.1071/AP07073
New Phytophthora species in clade 2a from the Asia-Pacific region including a re-examination of P. colocasiae and P. meadii
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 02-2021
A thirteen-year study on the impact of a severe canker disease of Corymbia calophylla, a keystone tree in Mediterranean-type forests
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 21-06-2017
DOI: 10.1111/EFP.12292
Is the reptile community affected by Eucalyptus wandoo tree condition?
Publisher: CSIRO Publishing
Date: 2013
DOI: 10.1071/WR13015
Abstract: Context Large portions of the world’s forests and woodlands are currently affected by declines in canopy condition of dominant tree species however, the effects of these declines on faunal communities are largely unknown. Eucalyptus wandoo woodlands in the south-west region of Western Australia have demonstrated declines in condition since the early 1990s. Such declines in tree condition can result in reduced understorey vegetation, increased leaf-litter cover and coarse woody debris, potentially altering the habitat and resource available to reptiles. Prescribed fire events, another mechanism of habitat change for reptiles, are a common occurrence in these woodlands. Aims The present research investigated whether reptile communities were influenced by E. wandoo tree condition, and the changes in the habitat associated with E. wandoo decline. Methods Reptile trapping was conducted at 24 E. wandoo-dominated sites (of varying condition) in Dryandra State Forest and Wandoo Conservation Park, Western Australia. Overall, reptile abundance, species richness and in idual reptile species abundances (only those species captured in sufficient numbers for analysis) were compared with a range of habitat characteristics that are likely to be altered by changes in E. wandoo tree condition. Key results Overall, higher reptile abundance and species richness were observed at sites with longer time since fire and more site litter cover. There was also a greater abundance and ersity of reptiles at sites where E. wandoo trees exhibited fewer symptoms of tree decline. Similar analyses for the five most common skink species indicated species-specific relationships with tree-condition measures, time since last fire, site litter cover, distance to drift fence from E. wandoo trees, understorey vegetation density and the density of coarse woody debris. Conclusions Abundance and species ersity of the reptile communities in E. wandoo woodlands were strongly related to time since last fire, E. wandoo tree condition and habitat characteristics such as site litter cover and the density of coarse woody debris. Implications Decline in the condition of E. wandoo trees and the fire events in E. wandoo woodlands are both mechanisms of change correlated with reptile habitat and resources. Future management of E. wandoo woodlands may include reducing prescribed fire events in areas demonstrating symptoms of tree decline, to conserve reptile abundance and species richness.
Living (and reproducing) on the edge: Reproductive phenology is impacted by rainfall and canopy decline in a Mediterranean eucalypt
Publisher: CSIRO Publishing
Date: 2016
DOI: 10.1071/BT15004
Abstract: Many of the worlds’ forests and woodlands are currently showing symptoms of declining condition due to a range of factors, including changing climatic conditions, drought and insect herbivory. Altered abiotic and biotic conditions can influence the condition of trees that can, in turn, affect tree reproductive cycles. However, the potential impact of tree decline on reproductive cycles has rarely been examined. This study investigated the influence of canopy condition on the reproductive cycle of Eucalyptus wandoo Blakely in south-western Australia. Canopy and seed trap monitoring were used to assess bud production, flowering, fruiting and seed fall over 12 months at 24 sites across two locations (Dryandra Woodland and Wandoo Conservation Park). Time since last fire, rainfall, ambient temperatures and the condition of in idual trees were recorded. We found that bud production, flowering and fruiting was correlated with tree condition: healthier trees were generally associated with higher reproductive effort. Time since last fire was also strongly related to the reproductive efforts at both locations. Declining annual rainfall and increased temperatures also impact on reproduction, made evident by the aborted flowering in Dryandra Woodland. Decline in tree condition, coupled with changes in climate, have major implications for flowering phenology of this species and have the potential to alter reproductive effort, recruitment and future population dynamics. Consideration of these issues should be incorporated into the conservation management of E. wandoo and similar Eucalypt species.
Role of salicylic acid in phosphite-induced protection against Oomycetes; a Phytophthora cinnamomi - Lupinus augustifolius model system
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 30-11-2015
Biological control of Sclerotinia minor using a chitinolytic bacterium and actinomycetes
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 10-2000
Ectomycorrhizal fungal communities of rehabilitated bauxite mines and adjacent, natural jarrah forest in Western Australia
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 02-2008
Metabarcoding shows multiple Phytophthora species associated with individual plant species: implications for restoration
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 05-01-2021
Erratum: Plant growth promotion and biological control of Pythium aphanidermatum, a pathogen of cucumber, by endophytic actinomycetes (Journal of Applied Microbiology (2009) 106 (13-26))
Publisher: Oxford University Press (OUP)
Date: 11-2009
Early differential responses of co-dominant canopy species to sudden and severe drought in a mediterranean-climate type forest
Publisher: MDPI AG
Date: 09-06-2015
DOI: 10.3390/F6062082
Enhancing a eucalypt crown condition indicator driven by high spatial and spectral resolution remote sensing imagery
Publisher: SPIE-Intl Soc Optical Eng
Date: 04-12-2012
Inferring drought and heat sensitivity across a Mediterranean forest region in southwest Western Australia: A comparison of approaches
Publisher: Oxford University Press (OUP)
Date: 15-05-2015
Sporangial responses do not reflect microbial suppression of Phytophthora drechsleri in composted eucalyptus bark mix
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 1991
Acclimation responses of Arabidopsis thaliana to sustained phosphite treatments
Publisher: Oxford University Press (OUP)
Date: 11-02-2013
DOI: 10.1093/JXB/ERT037
Root rot pathogens of Cinnamomum cassia in Vietnam
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 08-08-2022
DOI: 10.1111/PPA.13617
Abstract: A study was conducted to determine the pathogens causing root rot, wilt and dieback disease of Cinnamomum cassia (Chinese cinnamon or cassia) in Vietnam, in nurseries and plantations in the Yen Bai, Quang Ninh, Thanh Hoa and Quang Nam provinces, and streams in the Yen Bai province. Pathogens were identified using morphology and internal transcribed spacer (ITS) sequence analysis. The 204 isolates obtained included 125 Phytophthora isolates and 79 from other oomycete genera. There were 112 isolates of P . cinnamomi , four P . heveae , two P . virginiana , three P . multibullata and four P . × vanyenensis . The pathogenicity and virulence of 16 P . cinnamomi , two P . heveae , two P . multibullata and four P . × vanyenensis isolates were assessed using lesion size after under‐bark inoculation of C . cassia stems, and root damage following inoculation of 4‐month‐old C . cassia seedlings. The most virulent isolate from both assessments was a P . cinnamomi from the Quang Nam plantation. Isolates of P . cinnamomi showed a wide range of virulence, with isolates from healthy trees or seedlings showing the lowest virulence. Isolates of P . × vanyenensis , P . multibullata and P . heveae showed moderate or low pathogenicity. This study showed that although P . cinnamomi is the most common pathogen associated with dieback disease in Vietnamese C . cassia plantations, other Phytophthora species may also cause this disease. Knowledge of the presence of these soil‐ and waterborne pathogens will encourage improved soil and water hygiene in nurseries and implement measures to prevent the spread of the pathogens in plantations.
Novel in vivo use of a polyvalent Streptomyces phage to disinfest Streptomyces scabies-infected seed potatoes
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 12-2001
Time since fire and average fire interval are the best predictors of Phytophthora cinnamomi activity in heathlands of south-western Australia
Publisher: CSIRO Publishing
Date: 2014
DOI: 10.1071/BT14188
Abstract: Fires are features of ecological communities in much of Australia however, very little is still known about the potential impact of fire on plant diseases in the natural environment. Phytophthora cinnamomi is an introduced soil-borne plant pathogen with a wide host range, affecting a large proportion of native plant species in Australia and other regions of the world, but its interaction with fire is poorly understood. An investigation of the effects of fire on P. cinnamomi activity was undertaken in the Stirling Range National Park of south-western Australia, where fire is used as a management tool to reduce the negative impact of wildfires and more than 60% of the park is infested with, and 48% of woody plant species are known to be susceptible to, P. cinnamomi. At eight sites confirmed to be infested with P. cinnamomi, the proportion of dead and dying susceptible species was used as a proxy for P. cinnamomi activity. Subset modelling was used to determine the interactive effects of latest fire interval, average fire interval, soil water-holding capacity and pH on P. cinnamomi activity. It was found that the latest and average fire interval were the variables that best explained the variation in the percentage of dead and dying susceptible species among sites, indicating that fire in P. cinnamomi-infested communities has the potential to increase both the severity and extent of disease in native plant communities.
Kirramyces viscidus sp. nov., a new eucalypt pathogen from tropical Australia closely related to the serious leaf pathogen, Kirramyces destructans
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 2007
DOI: 10.1071/AP07054
Comparison of colonisation by Phytophthora cinnamomi in detached stem tissue of Eucalyptus marginata in relation to site disease status
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 2007
DOI: 10.1071/AP07056
Performance of three endophytic actinomycetes in relation to plant growth promotion and biological control of Pythium aphanidermatum, a pathogen of cucumber under commercial field production conditions in the United Arab Emirates
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 09-10-2010
Seven new species of the Botryosphaeriaceae from baobab and other native trees in Western Australia
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Date: 11-2008
DOI: 10.3852/08-020
Abstract: In this study seven new species of the Botryosphaeriaceae are described from baobab (Adansonia gibbosa) and surrounding endemic tree species growing in the Kimberley region of northwestern Australia. Members of the Botryosphaeriaceae were predominantly endophytes isolated from apparently healthy sapwood and bark of endemic trees others were isolated from dying branches. Phylogenetic analyses of ITS and EF1-alpha sequence data revealed seven new species: Dothiorella longicollis, Fusicoccum ramosum, Lasiodiplodia margaritacea, Neoscytalidium novaehollandiae, Pseudofusicoccum adansoniae, P. ardesiacum and P. kimberleyense.
Pathogenic Botryosphaeriaceae associated with Mangifera indica in the Kimberley Region of Western Australia
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 06-03-2011
Global meta‐analysis of tree decline impacts on fauna
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 05-05-2021
DOI: 10.1111/BRV.12725
Abstract: Significant portions of the world's forests have been impacted by severe and large‐scale tree declines characterised by gradual but widespread loss of vigour and subsequent death of either single or several tree species. Tree deaths represent a threat for fauna that are dependent on forest habitats for their survival. Although tree declines have received considerable scientific attention, surprisingly, little is known about their impacts on fauna. In total, we calculated 631 effect sizes across 59 studies that quantified the impact of tree declines on animal abundance. Data representing 186 bird species indicated an overall increase in bird abundance in response to tree declines (meta‐analysis mean ± estimation g = 0.172 ± 0.053 [CI 0.069 to 0.275], P = 0.001) however, there was substantial variability in responses (significant heterogeneity P 0.001) with a strong influence of diet as well as nesting guild on bird responses. Granivores (especially ground‐foraging species, e.g. Passerellidae species), bark‐foraging insectivores (e.g. woodpeckers), as well as ground‐ and cavity‐nesting species apparently benefitted from tree declines, while nectarivorous birds [and, although not significant, aerially foraging insectivores (e.g. flycatchers) and leaf‐gleaning insectivores (canopy‐feeding)] were less common in the presence of tree declines. Data representing 33 mammal species indicate a tendency for detrimental effects of tree declines on mammals that use trees as refuges, while aerial foragers (i.e. bats) may benefit from opening up the canopy. Overall the average effect for mammals was neutral (meta‐analysis mean estimation g = −0.150 ± 0.145 [−0.433 to 0.134], P = 0.302). Data representing 20 reptile species showed an insufficient range of responses to determine any diet or foraging effect on their responses. Data for 28 arthropod taxa should be considered with caution, as we could not adequately separate taxa according to their specialisations and reliance on key habitat. The data broadly suggest a detrimental effect of tree declines (meta‐analysis mean estimation g = −0.171 ± 0.072 [−0.311 to −0.031], P = 0.017) with ground‐foraging arthropods (e.g. detritivores and predators such as spiders and centipedes) more likely to be detrimentally impacted by tree declines. The range of responses to tree declines signifies substantially altered animal communities. In many instances, altered ecosystem function due to loss of key animal services will represent a significant threat to forest health.
Sudden forest canopy collapse corresponding with extreme drought and heat in a mediterranean-type eucalypt forest in southwestern Australia
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 17-02-2013
Detecting phytophthora
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Date: 27-03-2009
DOI: 10.1080/10408410902831518
Abstract: Species of the genus Phytophthora are arguably the most destructive plant pathogens causing widespread damage to many horticultural and ornamental species, and to native ecosystems throughout the world. Globalization has increased the volume of plants being transported over long distances and has increased the spread of Phytophthora species. As traditional detection methods such as baiting or direct isolation are incapable of handling the large volume of material to be tested, researchers have developed more rapid and specific antibody and DNA based tests. This review compares the performance of the different types of tests used for detection of Phytophthora.
Effects of sterile and non-sterile leachates extracted from composted eucalyptus bark and pine-bark container media on Phytophthora spp
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 1991
Phytophthora multivora sp. nov., a new species recovered from declining Eucalyptus, Banksia, Agonis and other plant species in Western Australia
Publisher: Naturalis Biodiversity Center
Date: 30-06-2009
A Critical Evaluation of Interventions to Progress Transdisciplinary Research
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Date: 14-01-2015
Temperature and inoculation method influence disease phenotypes and mortality of Eucalyptus marginata clonal lines inoculated with Phytophthora cinnamomi
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 2002
DOI: 10.1071/AP01078
Landscape-scale assessment of tree crown dieback following extreme drought and heat in a Mediterranean eucalypt forest ecosystem
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 09-11-2013
The effect of phosphite on the sexual reproduction of some annual species of the jarrah ( Eucalyptus marginata ) forest of southwest Western Australia
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 07-2001
The effectiveness of ectomycorrhizal fungi in increasing the growth of Eucalyptus globulus Labill. in relation to root colonization and hyphal development in soil
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 03-1994
DOI: 10.1111/J.1469-8137.1994.TB04250.X
Abstract: Forty‐seven different isolates of ectomycorrhizal fungi, from the different genera, were screened for their effectiveness in increasing the growth of Eucalyptus globulin La hi 11. where supply of P is deficient. Plants were grown in a P‐delicient sand, in pots, in a temperature‐ control led glasshouse. Seedlings we re harvested 6‐S and K7 d after planting, and were assessed for dry matter production and mywirrhizal colonization. Selected treatments were also assessed for P concentrations in the plant and hyphal development in the soil. Dry weights of inoculated plants ranged from 50 to 350% of the dry Weights of uninoculated plants. Growth increases in response to ectorriycorrhizal inoculation corresponded with increased P uptake by the plant.‘Early’colonizing fungal species ( Descolea maculata, Hebeloma westraliens, Laccaria laccata and Pisolithus tinctorius ) were generally more effective in increasing plant growth than‘late’colonizing species ( Cortinarius spp. and Hyutenmgium spp.), although there was also variation in effectiveness among isolates of the same fungal species. Plant dry weights were positively correlated ( r 2 = 0·79‐0·84) with the length of colonized root, indicating that fungi which colonized roots extensively were The most effective in increasing plant growth. For some fungi, however, plant growth responses to inoculation were not related to colonized root length. These responses could not.be related to the development of hyphae in soil by the mycorrhizal fungi.
A direct chemical method for the rapid, sensitive and cost effective detection of phosphite in plant material
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 11-2014
Phosphite does not stimulate a wounding response in Eucalyptus marginata seedlings
Publisher: CSIRO Publishing
Date: 2011
DOI: 10.1071/BT10252
Abstract: Phosphite is used to protect plants from the soilborne plant pathogen, Phytophthora cinnamomi. While several studies have reported a stimulation of defence mechanisms in response to the infection of plants treated with phosphite, the effect of phosphite on abiotic wound repair is unknown. The aim of this histological study was to detail the effects of phosphite on previously undescribed wound repair in Eucalyptus marginata, an important forest tree of south-western Australia, which responds to phosphite treatment. Clonal lines of young plants of E. marginata without a periderm, considered resistant and susceptible to P. cinnamomi, were sprayed with phosphite and the green stems were wounded with liquid nitrogen, where a small area of the vascular cambium was damaged. Transverse hand sections showed phosphite had no effect and there was no genotypic difference on wound responses in E. marginata. Wound periderm and a ligno-suberised boundary zone formed within 7 days. The generation of new phellogen derivatives occurred and by 14 days the vascular cambium was almost fully restored with wound wood formed by 21 days. In the absence of a pathogen, phosphite did not interfere with the quality and speed of wound repair in the E. marginata clones suggesting that wound repair will not be affected when phosphite is used as a prophylactic treatment.
Phenotypic variation in a clonal lineage of two Phytophthora cinnamomi populations from Western Australia
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 09-2001
Pycnoporus cinnabarinus is pathogenic on living Paulownia trees
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 2007
DOI: 10.1071/AP06079
Foliar pests and pathogens ofEucalyptus dunniiplantations in southern Queensland
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Date: 2011
The importance of naked grasstrees (Xanthorrhoea preissii) as habitat for mardo (Antechinus flavipes leucogaster) during post-fire recovery
Publisher: CSIRO Publishing
Date: 2007
DOI: 10.1071/WR07035
Abstract: Grasstrees (Xanthorrhoea) are an important structural component of many Australian ecosystems and also an important resource for many fauna species. Grasstrees have distinctive morphologies, with a crown of long thin leaves and skirts, the latter of which are accumulated dead leaves both are incinerated by fire. This study determined the morphological features of Xanthorrhoea preissii, which change in response to fire from 6 months to 21 years post-burn. In addition, using radio-telemetry and spool-tracking, we determined that grasstrees are utilised as foraging and nesting resources for mardos (Antechinus flavipes leucogaster (Gray, 1841), Marsupialia: Dasyuridae). Recently burnt grasstrees (6 months post-burn) appeared not to be used by mardos at all. We found few mardos in these recently burnt sites, and the one in idual we managed to track for 126 m utilised only a single grasstree: a 2-m-tall multiple-crowned grasstree that had escaped the fire was used as a nest site. For sites 5 years post-burn, mardos selectively utilised grasstrees with larger crown areas and those with a greater number of crowns compared with a random s le of available trees. At the 14-year post-burn sites, mardos still demonstrated some selection for grasstrees, although no specific single feature could be determined as most significant. We recorded humidity and temperature buffering effects in association with post-burn accumulation of grasstree skirt material and found that even dead grasstree ‘logs’ were an important resource for nests. We conclude that mardos utilise both live and dead grasstrees for foraging and nest sites, possibly owing to the availability of dense cover, a buffered microclimate, and potentially also food resources. Fire-management policies that promote habitat heterogeneity and retain several intact-skirted grasstrees within the landscape are likely to benefit mardos.
Headspace solid-phase microextraction and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry for analysis of VOCs produced by Phytophthora cinnamomi
Publisher: Scientific Societies
Date: 08-2014
DOI: 10.1094/PDIS-01-14-0049-RE
Abstract: Volatile organic compounds (VOCs) from Phytophthora cinnamomi–infected lupin seedlings were collected by headspace solid-phase microextraction (HS-SPME). The s ling was done 28 to 44, 52 to 68, and 76 to 92 h after inoculation (HAI). The HS-SPME s les were analyzed by gas chromatography-flame ionization detector (GC-FID) to assess the differences in volatile compounds between the P. cinnamomi–infected lupin seedlings and the control. Three specific peaks were identified after 52 to 68 h with the infected lupin seedlings, at which time there were no visible aboveground symptoms of infection. Subsequently, the VOCs of five different substrates (V8A, PDA, lupin seedlings, soil, and soil + lupin seedlings) infected with P. cinnamomi and the corresponding controls were analyzed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC/MS). A total of 87 VOCs were identified. Of these, the five most abundant that were unique to all five inoculated substrates included: 4-ethyl-2-methoxyphenol, 4-ethylphenol, butyrolactone, phenylethyl alcohol, and 3-hydroxy-2-butanone. Therefore, these metabolites can be used as markers for the identification of P. cinnamomi in different growing environments. Some VOCs were specific to a particular substrate for ex le, 2,4,6-rrimethyl-heptanes, dl-6-methyl-5-hepten-2-ol, dimethyl trisulfide, 6,10-dimethyl- 5,9-undecadien-2-ol, and 2-methoxy-4-vinylphenol were specific to P. cinnamomi + V8A heptanes and 5-methyl-3-heptaneone were specific to P. cinnamomi + PDA 3-methyl-1-butanol, ethyl acetate, 2-methyl-propanoic acid, ethyl ester, and ethyl ester 2-methyl-butanoic acid were specific to P. cinnamomi–inoculated lupin seedlings and benzyl alcohol and 4-ethyl-1, 2-dimethoxybenzene were only detected in the headspace of inoculated soil + lupin seedlings. Results from this investigation have multiple impacts as the volatile organic profiles produced by the pathogen can be utilized as an early warning system to detect the pathogen from contaminated field soil s les. Data from this investigation have also illuminated potential metabolic pathways utilized by the oomycete during infection which may serve as potential targets for the development of specific control strategies.
Suppression of the auxin response pathway enhances susceptibility to Phytophthora cinnamomi while phosphite-mediated resistance stimulates the auxin signalling pathway
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 2014
Managing small remnants of native forest to increase biodiversity within plantation landscapes in the south west of Western Australia
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 04-2011
When losing your nuts increases your reproductive success: Sandalwood (Santalum spicatum) nut caching by the woylie (Bettongia penicillata)
Publisher: CSIRO Publishing
Date: 2015
DOI: 10.1071/PC14924
Abstract: To regenerate sandalwood (Santalum spicatum) stands in south-western Australia it is necessary to understand the complex relationship between woylies (Bettongia penicillata ogilbyi) and sandalwood. Sandalwood requires a seed disperser for successful recruitment and in the past the critically endangered woylie played an important role in dispersing and caching seeds, but it is not clear whether this mutualistic and antagonistic relationship is beneficial to regeneration efforts. An enclosure in a woodland and 46Scandium-labelled seeds, enabled study of the in situ predation of seeds, caching, the fate of cached seeds, the detection of cached seeds and predation of germinated seeds. Woylies preferentially cached sandalwood, then S. acuminatum seeds, before any interest was shown in Acacia acuminata and Gastrolobium microcarpum seeds, which were virtually all eaten in situ. Of a further 500 radiolabelled and in idually numbered sandalwood seeds deployed, 42.2% were eaten in situ, 20.8% had an unknown fate and 37% were cached, with some seeds being recached up to four times. After nine months, only four cached seeds remained undisturbed. Olfaction appeared to be the primary method of cache detection. To examine the recruitment rate of cached seeds, the fate of 89 transplanted sandalwood seedlings at two study sites was followed. After one month 38% were intact and growing, but half of the transplanted seedlings were dug up and the remaining endosperm was eaten in situ or taken away. The results highlight the potential of providing seed supplies, including sandalwood seeds and seeds of their hosts, to seed-dispersal marsupials for passive ecosystem repair.
Phosphorus nutrition of phosphorus-sensitive Australian native plants: Threats to plant communities in a global biodiversity hotspot
Publisher: Oxford University Press (OUP)
Date: 17-05-2013
Microbial, chemical and physical changes during composting of a eucalyptus (Eucalyptus calophylla and Eucalyptus diversicolor) bark mix
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 10-1989
DOI: 10.1007/BF00266489
Increased susceptibility of Eucalyptus marginata to stem infection by Phytophthora cinnamomi resulting from root hypoxia
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 12-1999
Additions to the host range of Phytophthora cinnamomi in the jarrah (Eucalyptus marginata) forest of Western Australia
Publisher: CSIRO Publishing
Date: 2001
DOI: 10.1071/BT99028
Abstract: Pathogenicity tests with Phytophthora cinnamomi were conducted on 25 perennial species from the jarrah (Eucalyptus marginata) forest of Western Australia. Most species tested had been found in a separate study to be scarce on sites affected by Phytophthora cinnamomi but frequently found in unaffected vegetation. Some species that were known to be field-tolerant of P. cinnamomi and some that were highly susceptible to infection were included in the study for comparison. Phytophthora cinnamomi was recorded from 13 of 17 species not previously known to be susceptible. Phytophthora cinnamomi was subsequently isolated from dead plants of two of these 13 species in the field. The interpretation of results from the glasshouse trials was difficult for some species because of inconsistent patterns of death and P. cinnamomi isolation in the glasshouse trials. Phytophthora cinnamomi probably causes decline in wild populations of Stylidium amoenum, based on the ease of field and glasshouse isolation of P. cinnamomi and the scarcity of this forb on dieback sites. It may also contribute to decline in populations of Boronia fastigiata, Hybanthus floribundus, Labichea punctata, Scaevola calliptera and Stylidium junceum, although further field s ling is required to confirm this.
Relationships between the crown health, fine root and ectomycorrhizae density of declining Eucalyptus gomphocephala
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 06-07-2013
Related Organisations
Related Funding Activities
Linkage Projects - Grant ID: LP0776252
Start Date: 06-2008
End Date: 07-2012
Amount: $675,000.00
Funder: Australian Research Council
View Funded ActivityLinkage Projects - Grant ID: LP140100690
Start Date: 07-2014
End Date: 05-2019
Amount: $341,291.00
Funder: Australian Research Council
View Funded ActivityLinkage Projects - Grant ID: LP0349226
Start Date: 12-2003
End Date: 12-2007
Amount: $160,000.00
Funder: Australian Research Council
View Funded ActivityLinkage Projects - Grant ID: LP160100441
Start Date: 10-2016
End Date: 2022
Amount: $200,000.00
Funder: Australian Research Council
View Funded ActivitySpecial Research Initiatives - Grant ID: SR0354745
Start Date: 01-2004
End Date: 12-2004
Amount: $20,000.00
Funder: Australian Research Council
View Funded ActivityLinkage Projects - Grant ID: LP120200581
Start Date: 07-2012
End Date: 12-2016
Amount: $275,000.00
Funder: Australian Research Council
View Funded ActivityLinkage Projects - Grant ID: LP130100573
Start Date: 03-2014
End Date: 11-2018
Amount: $549,484.00
Funder: Australian Research Council
View Funded ActivityLinkage Infrastructure, Equipment And Facilities - Grant ID: LE0775763
Start Date: 2007
End Date: 12-2007
Amount: $189,000.00
Funder: Australian Research Council
View Funded ActivityLinkage Projects - Grant ID: LP100200808
Start Date: 07-2010
End Date: 12-2013
Amount: $230,000.00
Funder: Australian Research Council
View Funded ActivityLinkage Infrastructure, Equipment And Facilities - Grant ID: LE0989071
Start Date: 01-2009
End Date: 07-2012
Amount: $600,000.00
Funder: Australian Research Council
View Funded ActivityLinkage Projects - Grant ID: LP0455309
Start Date: 01-2005
End Date: 12-2008
Amount: $223,536.00
Funder: Australian Research Council
View Funded ActivityLinkage Projects - Grant ID: LP0349190
Start Date: 12-2003
End Date: 06-2009
Amount: $84,000.00
Funder: Australian Research Council
View Funded ActivityLinkage Projects - Grant ID: LP0776740
Start Date: 07-2007
End Date: 06-2012
Amount: $76,881.00
Funder: Australian Research Council
View Funded ActivityLinkage Projects - Grant ID: LP150100936
Start Date: 01-2016
End Date: 12-2019
Amount: $281,506.00
Funder: Australian Research Council
View Funded ActivityLinkage Projects - Grant ID: LP0227820
Start Date: 06-2002
End Date: 12-2005
Amount: $67,635.00
Funder: Australian Research Council
View Funded ActivityLinkage Infrastructure, Equipment And Facilities - Grant ID: LE0230245
Start Date: 2001
End Date: 12-2002
Amount: $600,000.00
Funder: Australian Research Council
View Funded ActivityLinkage Projects - Grant ID: LP0346931
Start Date: 05-2003
End Date: 12-2007
Amount: $258,000.00
Funder: Australian Research Council
View Funded ActivityLinkage Projects - Grant ID: LP0668195
Start Date: 2006
End Date: 12-2009
Amount: $607,000.00
Funder: Australian Research Council
View Funded ActivityDiscovery Projects - Grant ID: DP0343600
Start Date: 03-2003
End Date: 12-2006
Amount: $260,000.00
Funder: Australian Research Council
View Funded ActivityLinkage Projects - Grant ID: LP0882687
Start Date: 2008
End Date: 07-2013
Amount: $557,267.00
Funder: Australian Research Council
View Funded ActivityLinkage Projects - Grant ID: LP0454140
Start Date: 06-2004
End Date: 12-2008
Amount: $84,398.00
Funder: Australian Research Council
View Funded ActivityLinkage Projects - Grant ID: LP0219473
Start Date: 06-2002
End Date: 12-2004
Amount: $284,548.00
Funder: Australian Research Council
View Funded ActivityLinkage Projects - Grant ID: LP0455349
Start Date: 02-2005
End Date: 06-2009
Amount: $107,448.00
Funder: Australian Research Council
View Funded Activity