ORCID Profile
0000-0003-2077-0929
Current Organisations
University of Tasmania
,
University of Western Australia
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Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 18-03-2021
Publisher: SAGE Publications
Date: 20-06-2011
Abstract: Schools are an ideal setting in which to involve children in research. Yet for investigators wishing to work in these settings, there are few method papers providing insights into working efficiently in this setting. The aim of this paper is to describe the five strategies used to increase response rates, data quality and quantity in the TRansport Environment and Kids (TREK) project. The TREK project examined the association between neighbourhood urban design and active transport in Grade 5–7 school children ( n = 1480) attending 25 primary schools in metropolitan Perth, Western Australia during 2007. Children completed several survey components during school time (i.e. questionnaire, mapping activity, travel diary and anthropometric measurements) and at home (i.e. pedometer study, parent questionnaire). Overall, 69.4% of schools and 56.6% of children agreed to participate in the study and, of these, 89.9% returned a completed travel diary, 97.8% returned their pedometer and 88.8% of parents returned their questionnaire. These return rates are superior to similar studies. Five strategies appeared important: (1) building positive relationships with key school personnel (2) child-centred approaches to survey development (3) comprehensive classroom management techniques to standardize and optimize group sessions (4) extensive follow-up procedures for collecting survey items and (5) a specially designed data management/monitoring system. Sharing methodological approaches for obtaining high-quality data will ensure research opportunities within schools are maximized. These methodological issues have implications for planning, budgeting and implementing future research.
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 08-2020
Publisher: OMICS Publishing Group
Date: 2014
Publisher: Public Library of Science (PLoS)
Date: 29-04-2015
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 15-12-2014
DOI: 10.1007/S10578-013-0429-Z
Abstract: This paper reports the development and psychometric evaluations of a multidimensional model of loneliness in Australian adolescents. In the first study a new instrument was designed and administered to 1,074 adolescents (ages 10-18 years, M = 13.01). An exploratory factor analysis from data supplied by 694 of these participants yielded a 4-factor structure (friendship, isolation, negative attitude to solitude, and positive attitude to solitude). Competing measurement models were then evaluated using confirmatory factor analysis with data from the remaining 380 participants strong support was demonstrated for the conceptual model. Significant main effects were evident for geographical location (rural remote/urban), age and sex. In a second study, involving 235 Australian adolescents (ages 10.0-16 years, M = 13.8) the superiority of the first-order model represented by four correlated factors was confirmed. The findings have clinical and practical implications for professional groups represented by child and adolescent psychiatry, pediatric and clinical psychology services, researchers, and educators. Specifically, the new self-report instrument identifies adolescents who are at risk of loneliness and its associated adverse outcomes and in doing has the potential to offer new insights into prevention and intervention.
Publisher: Cambridge University Press (CUP)
Date: 20-11-2013
DOI: 10.1017/S136898001300311X
Abstract: Due to rising rates of obesity globally, the present study aimed to examine differences in overweight and underweight prevalence in Western Australian schoolchildren in 2008 compared with 2003. Cross-sectional study at two time points using two-stage stratified s ling, primary and secondary schools in both metropolitan and non-metropolitan Western Australia s le selected was representative of the State's population figures. Seventeen primary and thirteen secondary (2008) and nineteen primary and seventeen secondary (2003) schools. Government and non-government funded schools in metropolitan and non-metropolitan (regional/rural) Western Australia were recruited. Height and weight were measured for 1708 (961 primary and 747 secondary) students in 2008 and 1694 (876 primary and 817 secondary) students in 2003. Overweight and obesity prevalence in primary students was similar in 2008 (22·9 %) to 2003 (23·2 % P 0·05). In secondary girls overweight and obesity prevalence dropped from 23·1 % (2003) to 15·9 % (2008 P = 0·002). Secondary boys showed a slight decrease in overweight and obesity prevalence however, this was not statistically significant ( P = 0·102). Higher proportions of underweight in primary girls were observed in 2008 (9·9 %) compared with 2003 (4·2 % P 0·001) and in secondary girls in 2008 (9·4 %) compared with 2003 (5·5 % P 0·001). Prevalence of overweight and obesity in Western Australian primary students was stable however, it declined in secondary students. Both primary and secondary girls showed an increase in underweight prevalence. Public health interventions are needed for the high percentage of youth still overweight, whereas the observed increase in underweight girls warrants attention and further investigation.
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Date: 08-07-2023
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 18-08-2023
DOI: 10.1007/S13384-023-00648-2
Abstract: Recognition that schools should be responsive to children who are impacted by adversity and trauma is burgeoning internationally. However, consensus regarding the necessary components of a trauma-informed school is lacking. This research developed expert-informed and internationally relevant best-practice trauma-informed principles for schools. A four-phase methodology included (i) identification of school-relevant trauma-informed practice programs, (ii) inductive thematic analysis of the main concepts underlying programs, (iii) phrasing of draft Principles and (iv) Principle revision and finalisation via a two-round Delphi survey with international experts. Excellent agreement by experts on the importance of all Principles was achieved (round 1 ≥ 86.4%, 2 ≥ 92.3%). The final ‘International Trauma-Informed Practice Principles for Schools’ (ITIPPS) include four Overarching (A–D) and 10 Practice Principles (1–10). Summarised, these include that the school: (A) is student focussed (B) models compassion and generosity (C) is understanding and responsive (D) incorporates recognition of their First Nations peoples in the school’s ethos: (1) prioritises safety and wellbeing (2) models positive relationships (3) provides a positive culture and connects (4) consults and collaborates (5) supports vulnerable students (6) teaches social and emotional learning (7) provides trauma-informed practice training (8) is predictable yet flexible (9) identifies and nurtures strengths and (10) reflects, changes and grows. The ITIPPS provide clear guidance for education sectors, schools and other settings about appropriate learning environments for children and young people impacted by trauma. Research is now underway in Western Australian schools to pilot test the feasibility and impact of using the ITIPPS within a framework (thoughtfulschools.org.au) to establish trauma-informed schools.
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Date: 30-06-2020
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 22-01-2015
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 10-10-2020
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 20-03-2021
DOI: 10.1002/HPJA.332
Abstract: To explore adolescents’ experiences of access to and continued use of mental health services, and identify factors influencing their perceived satisfaction with their care. This paper focusses on the role of organisational and policy‐level factors in the mental health system. Qualitative semi‐structured face‐to‐face interviews with 22 adolescents aged 14‐18 years living in Perth, Western Australia. Adolescents identified key policy, systemic and service‐based factors which influenced their access to and continued use of mental health services. These were strongly related to the processes of service intake, level of orientation towards person‐centred care and adequacy of service resourcing and funding. Areas of concern for adolescents included, complex service intake procedures, suboptimal mental health service environments, lack of client‐centred care and the quality of mental health support provided in school settings. Our research has identified a wide spectrum of factors influencing mental health service access and use amongst adolescents. The findings further support the growing national consensus for major reform to address the mental health needs of this age group. The current strengths within mental health services and the system identified by adolescents need to be supported and extended. Although there have been numerous recommendations on ways to improve mental health service access and ongoing engagement for Australian adolescents, a number of the major challenges faced by this high‐risk population have shown little improvement. The findings of this research indicate the importance of now moving towards implementing meaningful plans for action.
Publisher: Cambridge University Press (CUP)
Date: 29-07-2020
DOI: 10.1017/S1368980020001652
Abstract: To investigate the association between energy drink (ED) use and sleep-related disturbances in a population-based s le of young adults from the Raine Study. Analysis of cross-sectional data obtained from self-administered questionnaires to assess ED use and sleep disturbance (Epworth Sleepiness Scale, Functional Outcomes of Sleep Questionnaire (FOSQ-10) and the Pittsburgh Sleep Symptoms Questionnaire–Insomnia (PSSQ-I)). Regression modelling was used to estimate the effect of ED use on sleep disturbances. All models adjusted for various potential confounders. Western Australia. Males and females, aged 22 years, from Raine Study Gen2–22 year follow-up. Of the 1115 participants, 66 % were never/rare users (i.e. once/month) of ED, 17·0 % were occasional users (i.e. once/month to once/week) and 17 % were frequent users (≥once/week). Compared with females, a greater proportion of males used ED occasionally (19 % v . 15 %) or frequently (24 % v . 11 %). Among females, frequent ED users experienced significantly higher symptoms of daytime sleepiness (FOSQ-10: β = 0·93, 95 % CI 0·32, 1·54, P = 0·003) and were five times more likely to experience insomnia (PSSQ-I: OR = 5·10, 95 % CI 1·81, 14·35, P = 0·002) compared with never/rare users. No significant associations were observed in males for any sleep outcomes. We found a positive association between ED use and sleep disturbances in young adult females. Given the importance of sleep for overall health, and ever-increasing ED use, intervention strategies are needed to curb ED use in young adults, particularly females. Further research is needed to determine causation and elucidate reasons for gender-specific findings.
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Date: 22-12-2020
Publisher: Open Access Pub
Date: 23-09-2016
Publisher: MDPI AG
Date: 22-12-2023
Abstract: This instrumental case study explored what suicide postvention might offer workplaces using the ex le of a large metropolitan funeral company. A mixed methods approach was utilized to examine staff experiences with suicide bereavement funerals and responses to a bespoke postvention training package. Staff found funerals due to suicide difficult in terms of communication, engagement and emotionality. These challenges were commonly characterized by increased tension and concern. In the absence of a postvention informed approach, staff had developed in idual ways to negotiate the identified challenges of this work. The introduction of a staff-informed postvention training package delivered improvements in staff confidence with communication, understanding and management of the impact of suicide bereavement, and increased willingness to share information about postvention services with families and mourners. The findings indicated that benefits of the training could be extended through organizational governance and integration of supports. The findings are used to inform a model of workplace postvention together with a methodology incorporating staff experience and organizational context.
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 11-2017
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 13-12-2020
DOI: 10.1002/CASP.2494
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 10-2012
DOI: 10.1111/J.1753-6405.2012.00914.X
Abstract: The objective of this study was to identify school environmental characteristics associated with moderate to vigorous physical activity during school recess, including morning and lunch breaks. Accelerometry data, child-level characteristics and school physical activity, policy and socio-cultural data were collected from 408 sixth grade children (mean age 11 years) attending 27 metropolitan primary schools in Perth, Western Australia. Hierarchical modelling identified key characteristics associated with children's recess moderate to vigorous physical activity (RMVPA). Nearly 40% of variability in children's RMVPA was explained by school environment and in idual characteristics identified in this study. Children's higher daily RMVPA was associated with newer schools, schools with a higher number of grassed surfaces per child and fewer shaded grassed surfaces, and the physical education coordinator meeting Australian physical activity guidelines. Characteristics of the school physical and social environments are strongly correlated with children's MPVA during recess. The school environment is an ideal target for maximising children's physical activity during recess. Future research could examine the impact of modifying these environmental characteristics on children's school physical activity.
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 22-03-2019
Publisher: Emerald
Date: 06-11-2019
Abstract: Co-existing health conditions and frequent hospital usage are pervasive in homeless populations. Without a home to be discharged to, appropriate discharge care and treatment compliance are difficult. The Medical Respite Centre (MRC) model has gained traction in the USA, but other international ex les are scant. The purpose of this paper is to address this void, presenting findings from an evaluation of The Cottage, a small short-stay respite facility for people experiencing homelessness attached to an inner-city hospital in Melbourne, Australia. This mixed methods study uses case studies, qualitative interview data and hospital administrative data for clients admitted to The Cottage in 2015. Hospital inpatient admissions and emergency department presentations were compared for the 12-month period pre- and post-The Cottage. Clients had multiple health conditions, often compounded by social isolation and homelessness or precarious housing. Qualitative data and case studies illustrate how The Cottage couples medical care and support in a home-like environment. The average stay was 8.8 days. There was a 7 per cent reduction in the number of unplanned inpatient days in the 12-months post support. The paper has some limitations including small s le size, data from one hospital only and lack of information on other services accessed by clients (e.g. housing support) limit attribution of causality. MRCs provide a safe environment for in iduals to recuperate at a much lower cost than inpatient admissions. There is limited evidence on the MRC model of care outside of the USA, and the findings demonstrate the benefits of even shorter-term respite post-discharge for people who are homeless.
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 22-08-2021
DOI: 10.1111/JHN.12789
Abstract: Energy drinks (ED) are popular among young people despite evidence of associated health risks. Research into the prevalence and pattern of ED intake among young people is sparse. The present study investigates the prevalence and pattern of ED intake among a large s le of adolescents, including how many consume them, how often, for what reasons and in what contexts. In 2018, all students in grades 7-12 attending 25 randomly selected Western Australian schools were invited to complete an online self-report survey about EDs. Of the 3688 respondents, 51.2% reported consuming an ED. Of these 'ever consumers', 23.4% drank them monthly, 19.2% weekly and 2% every day. The average age of first intake was 10.7 years. One-fifth (19.7%) of 'ever consumers' reported consuming more than two EDs in 1 day. Reasons for ED use included taste, to boost energy levels, sport performance and studying. The findings add to limited international evidence about adolescent ED use and provide valuable information to help ensure interventions to reduce intake address the underlying reasons and contexts of ED consumption.
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 22-09-2016
Publisher: Centre for Social Impact, University of Western Australia
Date: 2017
Publisher: Human Kinetics
Date: 03-2014
Abstract: The objective of this study was to develop a multidomain model to identify key characteristics of the primary school environment associated with children’s physical activity (PA) during class-time. Accelerometers were used to calculate time spent in moderate-to-vigorous physical activity during class-time (CMVPA) of 408 sixth-grade children (mean ± SD age 11.1 ± 0.43 years) attending 27 metropolitan primary schools in Perth Western Australia. Child and staff self-report instruments and a school physical environment scan administered by the research team were used to collect data about children and the class and school environments. Hierarchical modeling identified key variables associated with CMVPA. The final multilevel model explained 49% of CMVPA. A physically active physical education (PE) coordinator, fitness sessions incorporated into PE sessions and either a trained PE specialist, classroom teacher or nobody coordinating PE in the school, rather than the deputy principal, were associated with higher CMVPA. The amount of grassed area per student and sporting apparatus on grass were also associated with higher CMVPA. These results highlight the relevance of the school’s sociocultural, policy and physical environments in supporting class-based PA. Interventions testing optimization of the school physical, sociocultural and policy environments to support physical activity are warranted.
Publisher: Routledge
Date: 29-04-2021
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 21-06-2012
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 07-2019
Publisher: SAGE Publications
Date: 07-2015
DOI: 10.4278/AJHP.130522-ARB-262
Abstract: To examine the role of pet play and dog walking in children's and adolescents' leisure time, and the relationship between these activities and physical activity. The study design was observational. The study setting was metropolitan Perth and nonmetropolitan regions in Western Australia. The study included 1097 primary school (mean age, 10.1 years SD, 1.6 years) and 657 secondary school (mean age, 14.0 years SD, 1.3 years) students. Validated measures of total physical activity, dog walking, and pet play activity (prevalence and time) were calculated. Generalized linear models tested for differences between proportions, while adjusting for socioeconomic status, age, and school-level clustering. Approximately one third of primary school and one quarter of secondary school students reported that they walked the dog at least once in the last week. Pet play was the most common play activity for primary and secondary school girls, and the second and third most popular play activity for secondary and primary school boys, respectively. Secondary school students who walked the dog or played with pets spent an average of 1 hour per week on each activity, and they were significantly more likely (p .005) to meet national physical activity recommendations than secondary school students not reporting these activities. Given the significant proportion of young people who frequently engage in dog walking and pet play, and the high level of pet ownership in many Western countries, promotion of these activities to support young people's health is warranted.
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 10-1997
DOI: 10.1016/S0885-3924(97)00181-4
Abstract: The aim of this study was to investigate the flow performance of the mechanical Springfusor 30 short model and the electronic Graseby MS16A. Flow rate was measured gravimetrically in a temperature-controlled cabinet. There was no statistically significant difference between the Graseby and Springfusor syringe drivers in the flow rate error at 25 degrees C. The percentage of flow rates within +/-20% accuracy during a 35-min periods at 25 degrees C was significantly less with the Graseby, being 91.9% compared with 100% for the Springfusor. Only 58.2% of flow rates with the Graseby were within the manufacturer claimed accuracy of +/-5%. The flow rate of the Springfusor was affected by temperature at 30 degrees C the mean flow rate was 10.8% greater than at 25 degrees C. These results indicate that the Springfusor 30 had less flow rate variation than the Graseby MS16A. However, this would not be expected to cause noticeable clinical effects when used for opioid infusion in palliative care.
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 02-2023
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 03-2021
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Date: 16-05-2017
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 12-2022
DOI: 10.1016/J.SOCSCIMED.2022.115451
Abstract: School bullying is a public health concern affecting the physical and mental health of children and young people. While school-based interventions to prevent bullying have been developed internationally, the effectiveness of many interventions has been mixed and modest. Despite a growing recognition that the school built environment may impact bullying behaviour, few anti-bullying interventions have addressed the built environment. This systematic scoping review explored existing literature for evidence that the school built environment influences bullying behaviour in school students. The review was guided by Arksey and O'Malley's methodological framework for scoping reviews. A search of six databases (Medline, PsycINFO, ERIC, EMBASE, CINAHL Plus and The Cochrane Library) identified studies addressing primary, middle and secondary school students, bullying, school bullying locations, and school built environments. Peer-reviewed journal articles published in English prior to July 19, 2021, were included. In total, 7568 documents were screened by title and abstract. Following a full-text review, 61 studies (63 articles) were selected 43 studies identified school bullying locations, and 19 studies linked features of the school built environment to bullying behaviour. Classrooms, playgrounds, and corridors were identified as common bullying locations. Features of the school built environment linked to bullying behaviour included security cameras, architectural design, aesthetics, seating, and vandalism. This review identified key school settings for anti-bullying interventions and identified gaps in existing built environment and bullying literature. Further analyses of published studies will inform anti-bullying policy and practice.
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 10-2017
DOI: 10.1016/J.JNEB.2017.06.007
Abstract: To determine young people's knowledge of energy drinks (EDs), factors influencing ED consumption, and intervention strategies to decrease ED consumption in young people. Eight group interviews with young people (aged 12-25 years). Community groups and secondary schools in Perth, Western Australia. Forty-one young people, 41% of whom were male and 73% of whom consumed EDs. Factors influencing ED consumption and intervention strategies informed by young people to reduce ED consumption. Two researchers conducted a qualitative content analysis on the data using NVivo software. Facilitators of ED consumption included enhanced energy, pleasant taste, low cost, peer pressure, easy availability, and ED promotions. Barriers included negative health effects, unpleasant taste, high cost, and parents' disapproval. Strategies to reduce ED consumption included ED restrictions, changing ED packaging, increasing ED prices, reducing visibility in retail outlets, and research and education. Because many countries allow the sale of EDs to people aged <18 years, identifying ways to minimize potential harm from EDs is critical. This study provided unique insights into intervention strategies suggested by young people to reduce ED consumption. In addition to more research and education, these strategies included policy changes targeting ED sales, packaging, price, and visibility. Future research might examine the feasibility of implementing such interventions.
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Date: 29-11-2020
Publisher: Scientific Research Publishing, Inc.
Date: 2014
Publisher: The Centre for Excellence in Child and Family Welfare
Date: 30-10-2017
DOI: 10.1017/CHA.2017.40
Abstract: Background: This research examined the impact of a programme integrating therapeutic music and group discussions (Holyoake's DRUMBEAT programme) on disadvantaged adolescents’ mental wellbeing, psychological distress, post-traumatic stress symptoms and antisocial behaviour. Method: Students displaying antisocial behaviours in grades eight to ten at three socio-economically disadvantaged secondary schools in Perth, Western Australia were invited to participate in a 10-week DRUMBEAT programme (incorporating drumming with djembes, therapeutic discussions and a final performance). Eight DRUMBEAT programmes were held in 2014. Pre- and post-intervention questionnaires measured mental wellbeing (Warwick–Edinburgh Mental Wellbeing Scale), psychological distress (Kessler-5), post-traumatic stress symptoms (Abbreviated Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder Checklist- Civilian Version) and antisocial behaviours (Adapted Self-Reported Delinquency Scale). Results: Of the 62 students completing DRUMBEAT, 41 completed pre- and post-questionnaires. Post-programme boys scored an average 7.6% higher mental wellbeing (WEMWBS) ( p = .05), 19.3% lower post-traumatic stress symptoms (A PCL-C) ( p = .05) and 23.9% lower antisocial behaviour (ARSDC) ( p = .02). These changes were not evident for girls. No significant differences were detected for differences in psychological distress for either gender. Conclusion: This research highlights the potential of the DRUMBEAT programme as an effective, targeted strategy to reduce post-traumatic stress symptoms and antisocial behaviour and increase mental wellbeing in socio-economically disadvantaged adolescent boys.
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 11-02-2014
DOI: 10.1002/9781118539415.WBWELL061
Abstract: This chapter identifies characteristics of child‐friendly neighborhoods and summarizes the research underpinning these elements. Neighborhoods that support children and young people incorporate “places to go,” “things to do,” and features that provide contact with nature. The walkability, perceived safety, and aesthetic appeal of neighborhoods are also important. Places for active and imaginative play are vital, and, as children get older, so too areas for informal socializing with friends. Consulting with children and young people about what they like and want to be able to do within their neighborhood assists with enhancing sense of community and meeting the needs of the younger population.
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 08-2023
DOI: 10.1016/J.CHIABU.2022.105594
Abstract: Exposure to family and domestic violence (FDV) in childhood can have a detrimental effect on children's health and social outcomes. However, research on the school outcomes of children exposed to FDV is scant. To investigate the impact of FDV exposure on school attendance and suspension in Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal children. A population-based retrospective cohort study of school children, in grade 1 to 10, born from 1993 to 2006 in Western Australia (n = 26,743) using linked administrative data. Multivariate logistic regression analysis was used to calculate odds ratios and 95% confidence intervals to determine the association with school attendance and suspension outcomes for children exposed to FDV compared to non-exposed children. Compared to non-exposed children, children exposed to FDV have an increase of poor school attendance: Aboriginal children adjusted odds ratio (aOR) = 1.91, 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.75-2.07, non-Aboriginal children aOR = 2.42, 95%CI: 2.12-2.75. FDV-exposed children also have an increased risk of school suspension: Aboriginal children aOR = 1.60, 95%CI: 1.47-1.74, non-Aboriginal children aOR = 2.68, 95%CI: 2.35-3.05, compared to non-exposed counterparts. Exposure to FDV is associated with an increased odds of poor school attendance and school suspension. Evidence-based and innovative strategies are needed to support children who are exposed to FDV. This involves responding in ways that does not cause further trauma to children a restorative and trauma-informed approach is vital.
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 10-03-2016
DOI: 10.1002/FSN3.355
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 12-2017
No related grants have been discovered for Karen Martin.