ORCID Profile
0000-0003-4237-9664
Current Organisations
Murdoch University
,
Western Sydney University Hawkesbury Institute for the Environment
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Publisher: SAGE Publications
Date: 04-10-2017
Abstract: The last decade has seen a slow but steady increase in the number of postdoctoral scholars employed in faculties of education. In this article, seven postdoctoral scholars who worked in the same Canadian faculty of education explore their past positionings within the postdoctoral space. We share personal narratives related to issues of agency and identity in our relatively ill-defined positions. Similar to other early career academics, our reflections expose key concerns surrounding clarity of expectations, workload and work/life balance, and issues related to community and collegiality. In addition, we identify institutional or structural constraints that need to be reconciled in order to support postdoctoral scholars in their aspirations for success on personal and institutional levels. We provide recommendations and invite dialogue with regard to this emerging role in faculties of education.
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 08-2015
Publisher: Korean Society of Horticultural Science
Date: 31-12-2017
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 20-08-2017
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 11-2016
DOI: 10.1016/J.BBAPAP.2016.08.004
Abstract: Isoprenoids and phenylpropanoids are the major secondary metabolite constituents in Ocimum genus. Though enzymes from phenylpropanoid pathway have been characterized from few plants, limited information exists on how they modulate levels of secondary metabolites. Here, we performed phenylpropanoid profiling in different tissues from five Ocimum species, which revealed significant variations in secondary metabolites including eugenol, eugenol methyl ether, estragole and methyl cinnamate levels. Expression analysis of eugenol synthase (EGS) gene showed higher transcript levels especially in young leaves and inflorescence and were positively correlated with eugenol contents. Additionally, transcript levels of coniferyl alcohol acyl transferase, a key enzyme erting pool of substrate to phenylpropanoids, were in accordance with their abundance in respective species. In particular, eugenol methyl transferase expression positively correlated with higher levels of eugenol methyl ether in Ocimum tenuiflorum. Further, EGSs were functionally characterized from four Ocimum species varying in their eugenol contents. Kinetic and expression analyses indicated, higher enzyme turnover and transcripts levels, in species accumulating more eugenol. Moreover, biochemical and bioinformatics studies demonstrated that coniferyl acetate was the preferred substrate over coumaryl acetate when used, in idually or together, in the enzyme assay. Overall, this study revealed the preliminary evidence for varied accumulation of eugenol and its abundance over chavicol in these Ocimum species. Current findings could potentially provide novel insights for metabolic modulations in medicinal and aromatic plants.
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 04-12-2019
DOI: 10.1007/S00425-019-03319-8
Abstract: Exploration with high-throughput transcriptomics and metabolomics of two varieties of Ceropegia bulbosa identifies candidate genes, crucial metabolites and a potential cerpegin biosynthetic pathway. Ceropegia bulbosa is an important medicinal plant, used in the treatment of various ailments including diarrhea, dysentery, and syphilis. This is primarily attributed to the presence of pharmaceutically active secondary metabolites, especially cerpegin. As this plant belongs to an endemic threatened category, genomic resources are not available h ering exploration on the molecular basis of cerpegin accumulation till now. Therefore, we undertook high-throughput metabolomic and transcriptomic analyses using different tissues from two varieties namely, C. bulbosa var. bulbosa and C. bulbosa var. lushii. Metabolomic analysis revealed spatial and differential accumulation of various metabolites. We chemically synthesized and characterized the cerpegin and its derivatives by liquid chromatography tandem-mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS). Importantly, these comparisons suggested the presence of cerpegin and 5-allyl cerpegin in all C. bulbosa tissues. Further, de novo transcriptome analysis indicated the presence of significant transcripts for secondary metabolic pathways through the Kyoto encyclopedia of genes and genomes database. Tissue-specific profiling of transcripts and metabolites showed a significant correlation, suggesting the intricate mechanism of cerpegin biosynthesis. The expression of potential candidate genes from the proposed cerpegin biosynthetic pathway was further validated by qRT-PCR and NanoString nCounter. Overall, our findings propose a potential route of cerpegin biosynthesis. Identified transcripts and metabolites have built a foundation as new molecular resources that could facilitate future research on biosynthesis, regulation, and engineering of cerpegin or other important metabolites in such non-model plants.
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 07-01-2016
DOI: 10.1038/SREP18798
Abstract: Medicinally important genus Ocimum harbors a vast pool of chemically erse metabolites. Current study aims at identifying anti-diabetic candidate compounds from Ocimum species. Major metabolites in O . kilimandscharicum , O . tenuiflorum , O . gratissimum were purified, characterized and evaluated for anti-glycation activity. In vitro inhibition of advanced glycation end products (AGEs) by eugenol was found to be highest. Preliminary biophysical analysis and blind docking studies to understand eugenol-albumin interaction indicated eugenol to possess strong binding affinity for surface exposed lysines. However, binding of eugenol to bovine serum albumin (BSA) did not result in significant change in secondary structure of protein. In vivo diabetic mice model studies with eugenol showed reduction in blood glucose levels by 38% likely due to inhibition of α-glucosidase while insulin and glycated hemoglobin levels remain unchanged. Western blotting using anti-AGE antibody and mass spectrometry detected notably fewer AGE modified peptides upon eugenol treatment both in vivo and in vitro . Histopathological examination revealed comparatively lesser lesions in eugenol-treated mice. Thus, we propose eugenol has dual mode of action in combating diabetes it lowers blood glucose by inhibiting α-glucosidase and prevents AGE formation by binding to ε-amine group on lysine, protecting it from glycation, offering potential use in diabetic management.
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 04-2016
DOI: 10.1016/J.BBRC.2016.03.090
Abstract: The genus Ocimum has a unique blend of erse secondary metabolites, with major proportion of terpenoids including mono- and sesquiterpenes. Although, β-Caryophyllene, bicyclic sesquiterpene, is one of the major terpene found in Ocimum species and known to possess several biological activities, not much is known about its biosynthesis in Ocimum. Here, we describe isolation and characterization of β-caryophyllene synthase gene from Ocimum kilimandscharicum Gürke (OkBCS- GenBank accession no. KP226502). The open reading frame of 1629 bp encoded a protein of 542 amino acids with molecular mass of 63.6 kDa and pI value of 5.66. The deduced amino acid sequence revealed 50-70% similarity with known sesquiterpene synthases from angiosperms. Recombinant OkBCS converted farnesyl diphosphate to β-caryophyllene as a major product (94%) and 6% α-humulene. Expression variation of OkBCS well corroborated with β-caryophyllene levels in different tissues from five Ocimum species. OkBCS transcript revealed higher expression in leaves and flowers. Further, agro-infiltration based transient expression manipulation with OkBCS over-expression and silencing confirmed its role in β-caryophyllene biosynthesis. These findings may potentially be further utilized to improve plant defense against insect pests.
Publisher: No publisher found
Date: 2019
Publisher: Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory
Date: 13-02-2023
DOI: 10.1101/2023.02.10.528097
Abstract: Grasslands are integral to maintaining bio ersity and key ecosystem services under climate change. Plant and soil bio ersity, and their interactions, support the provision of multiple ecosystem functions (multifunctionality). However, whether plant and soil bio ersity explain unique, or shared, contributions to supporting multifunctionality across global grasslands remains virtually unknown. Here, we combine results from a global survey of 101 grasslands with a novel microcosm study, controlling for both plant and soil microbial ersity to identify their in idual and interactive contribution to support multifunctionality under aridity and experimental drought. We found that, plant and soil microbial ersity independently predict a unique portion of variation in above- and belowground functioning, suggesting both types of bio ersity complement each other. Interactions between plant and soil microbial ersity regulated primary productivity, nutrient storage, and plant productivity. Our findings were also context dependent, since soil fungal ersity was strongly associated to multifunctionality in less arid regions, while plant ersity was strongly linked to multifunctionality in more arid regions. Our results highlight the need to conserve both above- and belowground ersity to sustain grassland multifunctionality in a drier world and indicate climate change may shift the relative contribution of plant and soil bio ersity to multifunctionality across global grasslands.
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 11-2020
Publisher: Oxford University Press (OUP)
Date: 25-04-2023
Abstract: The assembly history of the Milky Way (MW) is a rapidly evolving subject, with numerous small accretion events and at least one major merger proposed in the MW’s history. Accreted alongside these dwarf galaxies are globular clusters (GCs), which act as spatially coherent remnants of these past events. Using high precision differential abundance measurements from our recently published study, we investigate the likelihood that the MW clusters NGC 362 and NGC 288 are galactic siblings, accreted as part of the Gaia-Sausage-Enceladus (GSE) merger. To do this, we compare the two GCs at the 0.01 dex level for 20 + elements for the first time. Strong similarities are found, with the two showing chemical similarity on the same order as those seen between the three LMC GCs, NGC 1786, NGC 2210-, and NGC 2257. However, when comparing GC abundances directly to GSE stars, marked differences are observed. NGC 362 shows good agreement with GSE stars in the ratio of Eu to Mg and Si, as well as a clear dominance in the r- compared to the s-process, while NGC 288 exhibits only a slight r-process dominance. When fitting the two GC abundances with a GSE-like galactic chemical evolution model, NGC 362 shows agreement with both the model predictions and GSE abundance ratios (considering Si, Ni, Ba, and Eu) at the same metallicity. This is not the case for NGC 288. We propose that the two are either not galactic siblings, or GSE was chemically inhomogeneous enough to birth two similar, but not identical clusters with distinct chemistry relative to constituent stars.
Publisher: Public Library of Science (PLoS)
Date: 06-08-2014
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 22-06-2020
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 24-10-2022
Abstract: Understanding the relative importance of soil microbial ersity, plants and nutrient management is crucial to implement an effective bioremediation approach to xenobiotics‐contaminated soils. To date, knowledge on the interactive effects of soil microbiome, plant and nutrient supply on influencing biodegradation potential of soils remains limited. In this study, we evaluated the in idual and interactive effects of soil initial bacterial ersity, nutrient amendments (organic and inorganic) and plant presence on the biodegradation rate of pyrene, a polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon. Initial bacterial ersity had a strong positive impact on soil biodegradation potential, with soil harbouring higher bacterial ersity showing ~ 2 times higher degradation rates than soils with lower bacterial ersity. Both organic and inorganic nutrient amendments consistently improved the degradation rate in lower ersity soils and had negative (inorganic) to neutral (organic) effect in higher ersity soils. Interestingly, plant presence/type did not show any significant effect on the degradation rate in most of the treatments. Structural equation modelling demonstrated that initial bacterial ersity had a prominent role in driving pyrene biodegradation rates. We provide novel evidence that suggests that soil initial microbial ersity, and nutrient amendments should be explicitly considered in the design and employment of bioremediation management strategies for restoring natural habitats disturbed by organic pollutants.
Location: Australia
No related grants have been discovered for Ramesha H. Jayaramaiah.