ORCID Profile
0000-0002-2729-2838
Current Organisation
Deakin University
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Research Topics
In Research Link Australia (RLA), "Research Topics" refer to ANZSRC FOR and SEO codes. These topics are either sourced from ANZSRC FOR and SEO codes listed in researchers' related grants or generated by a large language model (LLM) based on their publications.
Top 5 Research Topics
ANZSRC Field of Research (FoR)
Materials Engineering | Functional Materials | Physical Chemistry of Materials | Macromolecular and Materials Chemistry | Synthesis of Materials | Polymers | Renewable Power and Energy Systems Engineering (excl. Solar Cells) | Nanotechnology | Analytical Spectrometry | Optical Physics | Colloid And Surface Chemistry | Interdisciplinary Engineering not elsewhere classified | Biomaterials | Electrochemistry | Physical Chemistry (Incl. Structural) | Electroanalytical Chemistry | Manufacturing Engineering Not Elsewhere Classified | Environmental Engineering | Environmental Technologies | Materials Engineering not elsewhere classified | Nanomanufacturing | Organic Chemistry Not Elsewhere Classified | Industrial Engineering | Metals and Alloy Materials | Electrical Engineering | Materials Engineering Not Elsewhere Classified | Composite and Hybrid Materials | Optics And Opto-Electronic Physics
ANZSRC Socio-Economic Objective (SEO)
Solar-photoelectric | Energy Storage (excl. Hydrogen) | Expanding Knowledge in the Chemical Sciences | Renewable energy | Organic Industrial Chemicals (excl. Resins, Rubber and Plastics) | Expanding Knowledge in Technology | Energy Storage, Distribution and Supply not elsewhere classified | Energy storage | Solar-thermal | Management of Greenhouse Gas Emissions from Electricity Generation | Wind | Wind Energy | Medical instrumentation | Solar-Thermal Energy | Solar-Photovoltaic Energy | Polymeric materials (e.g. paints) | Energy distribution not elsewhere classified | Expanding Knowledge in the Physical Sciences | Expanding Knowledge in the Biological Sciences | Health not elsewhere classified |
Related Links
Publications
Unique Layer-Doping-Induced Regulation of Charge Behavior in Metal-Free Carbon Nitride Photoanodes for Enhanced Performance
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 13-12-2020
Abstract: Photoinduced charge carrier behavior is critical in determining photoelectrocatalytic activity. In this study, a unique layer-doped metal-free polymeric carbon nitride (C
Investigation of the electropolymerisation of EDOT in ionic liquids
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 09-2005
Zwitterionic versus organic ionic plastic crystal electrolytes with mixed anions: probing the unique physicochemical and electrolyte properties
Publisher: Royal Society of Chemistry (RSC)
Date: 2022
DOI: 10.1039/D1TA10024F
Abstract: Novel solid-state electrolytes based on zwitterionic plastic crystals with Li salts are reported and their application in Li batteries demonstrated. Their properties are compared with those of analogous plastic crystal/Li salt systems.
Enhanced thermo-electrochemical power using carbon nanotube additives in ionic liquid redox electrolytes
Publisher: Royal Society of Chemistry (RSC)
Date: 2014
DOI: 10.1039/C4TA04749D
Abstract: Waste heat recovery with thermo-electrochemical cells is limited by their low power and conversion efficiencies.
Lithium-functionalised silicananoparticles for enhanced ionic conductivity in an organic ionic plastic crystal
Publisher: Royal Society of Chemistry (RSC)
Date: 2010
DOI: 10.1039/B914884A
Atomic layer deposition of transition metal films and nanostructures for electronic and catalytic applications
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Date: 20-09-0003
A novel carbon–PEDOT composite counter electrode for monolithic dye-sensitized solar cells
Publisher: IOP Publishing
Date: 17-12-2012
DOI: 10.1088/0022-3727/46/2/024007
Abstract: The development of a new counter electrode structure for monolithic dye-sensitized solar cells (DSCs) is reported. A conducting polymer, PEDOT, is selectively electrodeposited throughout the carbon layer of the counter electrode, as confirmed by SEM. The formation of this composite allows reduced electrical resistivity, thus improving the fill factor and efficiency of devices. The improved mechanical stability of the carbon/conducting polymer composite layers makes these more suitable for use with flexible substrates, which is advantageous for the development of monolithic DSCs on plastic substrates that can be produced using roll-to-roll processes.
Atomistic simulation of structure and dynamics of the plastic crystal diethyl(methyl)(isobutyl)phosphonium hexafluorophosphate
Publisher: AIP Publishing
Date: 25-06-2013
DOI: 10.1063/1.4811179
Abstract: Molecular dynamics simulations have been performed to investigate the interrelations between structures, transport mechanisms, and phase transitions of an organic ionic plastic crystal material, diethyl(methyl)(isobutyl)phosphonium hexafluorophosphate ([P1,2,2,4][PF6]), in both solid and liquid phases. Examination of the temperature dependence of supercell parameters and radial distribution functions provides evidence of plastic phase transitions. Nonlinear increments of cell size within the temperature range 123–413 K are consistent with the plastic phase transitions identified from experimental analysis. The time- and temperature-dependent microstructure and dynamics have been intensively studied through analysis of trajectory files. The rotational motion and diffusion of the matrix ions are quantitatively analysed via rotational correlation functions and mean square displacements. We present new information on the evolution of molecular motions in different phases, and compare and contrast our findings with previously reported hypotheses based on nuclear magnetic resonance results. This work provides valuable information at an atomistic level to explain the experimental observations, which helps further understanding of the molecular motions underlying the plastic phase transitions.
The influence of alkyl chain branching on the properties of pyrrolidinium-based ionic electrolytes
Publisher: Royal Society of Chemistry (RSC)
Date: 2020
DOI: 10.1039/D0CP03046E
Abstract: Introduction of a branched alkyl chain onto the widely used pyrrolidinium cation has produced a new family of ionic liquids and plastic crystals with advantageous physical, thermal and electrochemical properties.
Autopolymerization of pyrrole in the presence of a host/guest calixarene
Publisher: American Chemical Society (ACS)
Date: 05-02-2005
DOI: 10.1021/MA0401020
Voltammetric Studies on the Reduction of Polyoxometalate Anions in Ionic Liquids
Publisher: American Chemical Society (ACS)
Date: 14-06-2005
DOI: 10.1021/IC050032T
Abstract: The electrochemical reduction of tetrabutylammonium salts of isostructural pairs of polyoxometalates [Bu4N]2[M6O19], [Bu4N]4[alpha-SiM12O40], and [Bu4N]4[alpha-S2M18O62] (M = Mo or W) has been investigated at glassy carbon electrodes in dissolved and surface-confined states in ionic liquids and other media. In the ionic liquid 1-n-butyl-3-methylimidazolium hexafluorophosphate [BMIM][PF(6)], between two and six reversible one-electron-transfer processes were detected. Detailed studies on the process [alpha-S2W18O62](4-/5-) in a range of ionic liquids, water, and conventional organic solvents (containing 0.1 M electrolyte) suggest that the polarity of the medium plays a key role in the determination of the reversible potential. Reduction processes involving very highly charged [alpha-S2W18O62](8-/9-/10-) species are strongly influenced by the purity of the medium.
Improvements of energy conversion and storage: general discussion
Publisher: Royal Society of Chemistry (RSC)
Date: 2016
DOI: 10.1039/C6FD90029A
Ionic Liquids – Further Progress on the Fundamental Issues
Publisher: CSIRO Publishing
Date: 2019
DOI: 10.1071/CH18541
Abstract: Ionic liquids continue to challenge conventional descriptions of liquids and their behaviour. Indeed, the ever-increasing variety of ionic liquid compounds has generated a need for multiple descriptions of the different molecular families, including protic, aprotic, solvate, and metal coordination complex families of ionic liquids, that exhibit very different behaviours. Within families, the balance of long-range electrostatic and short-range dispersion forces plays out in nanoscale heterogeneity that also impacts markedly on properties. In this perspective, we highlight some of the issues in the field that continue to deserve further investigation and development at both the experimental and fundamental levels. We also propose a set of nomenclature abbreviations in an attempt to systematise the plethora of confusing abbreviations that appear in the field. The distinction between ionic liquids, ionic liquid–solvent mixtures, and deep eutectic solvents is also discussed.
Dissolved Organic Carbon Reduces Uranium Bioavailability and Toxicity. 1. Characterization of an Aquatic Fulvic Acid and Its Complexation with Uranium[VI]
Publisher: American Chemical Society (ACS)
Date: 25-02-2011
DOI: 10.1021/ES103330W
Abstract: Fulvic acid (FA) from a tropical Australian billabong (lagoon) was isolated with XAD-8 resin and characterized using size exclusion chromatography, solid state cross-polarization magic angle spinning, 13C nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy, elemental analysis, and potentiometric acid-base titration. Physicochemical characteristics of the billabong FA were comparable with those of the Suwannee River Fulvic Acid (SRFA) standard. The greater negative charge density of the billabong FA suggested it contained protons that were more weakly bound than those of SRFA, with the potential for billabong water to complex less metal contaminants, such as uranium (U). This may subsequently influence the toxicity of metal contaminants to resident freshwater organisms. The complexation of U with dissolved organic carbon (DOC) (10 mg L(-1)) in billabong water was calculated using the HARPHRQ geochemical speciation model and also measured using flow field-flow fractionation combined with inductively coupled plasma mass-spectroscopy. Agreement between both methods was very good (within 4% as U-DOC). The results suggest that in billabong water at pH 6.0, containing an average DOC of 10 mg L(-1) and a U concentration of 90 μg L(-1), around 10% of U is complexed with DOC.
The effect of anion fluorination in ionic liquids—physical properties of a range of bis(methanesulfonyl)amide salts
Publisher: Royal Society of Chemistry (RSC)
Date: 2003
DOI: 10.1039/B304072K
New insights into the thermal behaviour of organic ionic plastic crystals: magnetic resonance imaging of polycrystalline morphology alterations induced by solid-solid phase transitions
Publisher: Royal Society of Chemistry (RSC)
Date: 2015
DOI: 10.1039/C5CP03294F
Abstract: Morphology alterations induced by solid–solid phase transitions in Organic Ionic Plastic Crystals (OIPC) elucidate molecular dynamics, micro-structural behaviour and conductive properties of OIPCs.
Lewis base ionic liquids
Publisher: Royal Society of Chemistry (RSC)
Date: 2006
DOI: 10.1039/B516961P
Abstract: Ionic liquids which are (weak) Lewis bases have a number of interesting and useful properties different to those of traditional ionic liquids, including volatility and the possibility of being distillable in some cases, a base catalysis effect in others and enhancement of the acidity of dissolved acids.
Ionic liquids and reactions at the electrochemical interface
Publisher: Royal Society of Chemistry (RSC)
Date: 2010
DOI: 10.1039/B923053J
Abstract: Ionic liquids (ILs) represent a fascinating, and yet to be fully understood, medium for a variety of chemical, physical and biological processes. Electrochemical processes form an important subset of these that are particularly of interest, since ILs tend to be good electrochemical solvents and exhibit other properties which make them very useful as electrolytes in electrochemical devices. It is important therefore to understand the extent to which electrochemical reactions and processes behave in a relatively "normal", for ex le aqueous solution, fashion as opposed to exhibiting phenomena more uniquely the product of their organic ionic nature. This perspective examines a range of electrochemical reactions in ionic liquids, in many cases in the context of real world applications, to highlight the phenomena as far as they are understood and where data gaps exist. The important areas of lithium and conducting polymer electrochemistry are discussed in detail.
The effect of alkyl chain length in a series of novel N-alkyl-3-benzylimidazolium iodide salts
Publisher: Royal Society of Chemistry (RSC)
Date: 2009
DOI: 10.1039/B906142H
Structure and interactions of novel ether-functionalised morpholinium and piperidinium ionic liquids with lithium salts
Publisher: Royal Society of Chemistry (RSC)
Date: 2023
DOI: 10.1039/D2YA00348A
Abstract: Investigation of the thermodynamic and transport properties of four novel ether-functionalised piperidinium and morpholinium ionic liquids with LiFSI and LiTFSI salts, and Li-ion coordination in ionic liquids.
Probing crystal structures of dicarbamate phase change materials to inform structural design
Publisher: Royal Society of Chemistry (RSC)
Date: 2023
DOI: 10.1039/D3MA00434A
Unusual phase behaviour of the organic ionic plastic crystal N,N-dimethylpyrrolidinium tetrafluoroborate
Publisher: Royal Society of Chemistry (RSC)
Date: 2010
DOI: 10.1039/B925501J
Abstract: Analysis of N,N-dimethylpyrrolidinium tetrafluoroborate by (1)H and (11)B NMR, Raman spectroscopy and powder XRD shows that this organic ionic plastic crystal material exhibits unusual phase behaviour. (1)H NMR analysis indicates that the mobility of the pyrrolidinium cation decreases when the material is heated into phase I, while the X-ray diffraction pattern changes from a simple, one peak structure in phase II to a more complex pattern in phase I. The possible origins of these unusual transitions are discussed.
Exploration of phase diagram, structural and dynamic behavior of [HMG][FSI] mixtures with NaFSI across an extended composition range
Publisher: Royal Society of Chemistry (RSC)
Date: 2022
DOI: 10.1039/D2CP01910H
Abstract: In this study we present a detailed exploration of the complex structural and dynamic behavior of [HMG][FSI] mixtures with the sodium salt NaFSI across the whole composition range from 0 to 100 mol%.
Quasi‐solid‐State Electrolytes for Low‐Grade Thermal Energy Harvesting using a Cobalt Redox Couple
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 10-07-2018
Abstract: Thermoelectrochemical cells, also known as thermocells, are electrochemical devices for the conversion of thermal energy directly into electricity. They are a promising method for harvesting low-grade waste heat from a variety of different natural and manmade sources. The development of solid- or quasi-solid-state electrolytes for thermocells could address the possible leakage problems of liquid electrolytes and make this technology more applicable for wearable devices. Here, we report the gelation of an organic-solvent-based electrolyte system containing a redox couple for application in thermocell technologies. The effect of gelation of the liquid electrolyte, comprising a cobalt bipyridyl redox couple dissolved in 3-methoxypropionitrile (MPN), on the performance of thermocells was investigated. Polyvinylidene difluoride (PVDF) and poly(vinylidene fluoride-co-hexafluoropropene) (PVDF-HFP) were used for gelation of the electrolyte, and the influence of the different polymers on the mechanical properties was studied. The Seebeck coefficient and diffusivity of the cobalt redox couple were measured in both liquid and gelled electrolytes, and the effect of gelation on the thermocell performance is reported. Finally, the cell performance was further improved by optimizing the concentration of the redox couple and the separation between the hot and cold electrodes, and the stability of the device over 25 h of operation is demonstrated.
An organic ionic plastic crystal electrolyte for rate capability and stability of ambient temperature lithium batteries
Publisher: Royal Society of Chemistry (RSC)
Date: 2014
DOI: 10.1039/C4EE01085J
Abstract: For the first time, practical lithium cell performance is achieved at ambient temperature with an organic ionic plastic crystal solid electrolyte.
Enhanced Electrochemical Properties of Cobalt by Varying the Ethylene Glycol - Choline Chloride Composition in a Deep Eutectic Solvent Mixture
Publisher: The Electrochemical Society
Date: 05-2023
Abstract: The increased demand for portable electronic devices and electric vehicles has resulted in an exponential increase in lithium-ion battery (LIB) waste, and becoming in turn an important secondary source for critical metals. Electrowinning is a commonly used method to recover base and precious metals from a solution, which can also be used to recover valuable metals from spent LIBs. This study unveiled the cobalt electrochemical recovery using model Co sources in increasing amounts of ethylene glycol (EG), 67 molar %, 82 molar % and 100 molar %, in a mixture with choline chloride. The electrochemical results show that increasing the amount of EG together with a small concentration of sulfate anions, in conjunction with chloride anions, in the solution mixture favours the reduction of Co 2+ . This improved electrochemistry seems to be related to changes of Co 2+ speciation easing the reduction process. Additionally, the nature of the Co salt has a significant impact on the recovery efficiency, morphology, and purity of the Co electrodeposit. This work will underpin the science to design safe electrolyte mixtures to enhance the electrochemical recovery of Co 2+ in solution from secondary sources.
Solid (cyanomethyl)trimethylammonium salts for electrochemically stable electrolytes for lithium metal batteries
Publisher: Royal Society of Chemistry (RSC)
Date: 2020
DOI: 10.1039/D0TA03502E
Abstract: Organic salts are being considered for the electrolyte solvent in rechargeable lithium-metal batteries (LMBs).
New Solid-State Electrolytes Based on Organic Ionic Plastic Crystals
Publisher: The Electrochemical Society
Date: 23-11-2020
DOI: 10.1149/MA2020-024803MTGABS
Abstract: The development of new solid-state electrolytes for energy storage devices is important for increasing their stability, reliability and safety. Organic ionic plastic crystals (OIPCs) are a relatively new class of material that show increasing promise as solid state electrolytes for devices such as lithium or sodium batteries. [1] OIPCs are crystalline phases found in many of the same organic salt families as ionic liquids but these materials have elevated melting points and exhibit various forms of disorder, which is the origin of their plastic mechanical properties. One of the keys to the development of OIPCs as solid state electrolytes is expanding the range of cations and anions available, and understanding the structure and dynamics of the resultant material. For application in a device, OIPCs are combined with salts of the target ion (e.g. Li + or Na + ), after which detailed analysis of the electrochemical and device parameters is performed. OIPC-based electrolytes can also be combined with polymer nanofibers to further improve their mechanical and transport properties. This presentation will provide an overview of the new OIPC families that we have recently designed and synthesized, and progress of these materials towards their use in practical solid-state lithium and sodium based batteries. We have also investigated the use of nanoscale polymer composites and the combination of OIPCs with very high concentrations of lithium or sodium salts, 2 and the recent work on developing these composite materials will be discussed. References: [1] H. Zhu, D. R. MacFarlane, J. M. Pringle, M. Forsyth Trends in Chemistry , 2019, 1 (1), 126 [2] D. Al-Masri, R. Yunis, H. Zhu, L. Jin, P. Bruce, A. F. Hollenk , J. M. Pringle Journal of Materials Chemistry A , 2019, 7 , 25389-25398
Ionic liquids and plastic crystals with a symmetrical pyrrolidinium cation
Publisher: Royal Society of Chemistry (RSC)
Date: 2018
DOI: 10.1039/C8QM00016F
Abstract: New salts using the symmetrical diethylpyrrolidinium cation and a range of anions show varied thermal behaviour and good transport properties.
Structural Characterization of Novel Ionic Salts Incorporating Trihalide Anions
Publisher: CSIRO Publishing
Date: 2009
DOI: 10.1071/CH08456
Abstract: The crystal structures of several low-melting salts containing trihalide ions, namely 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium tribromide ([C2mim][Br3]), 1-ethyl-1-methylpyrrolidinium tribromide ([C2mpyr][Br3]), and 1-propyl-1-methylpyrrolidinium triiodide ([C3mpyr][I3]), are reported for the first time. Thermal analysis reveals that the tribromide salts are lower-melting than their monohalide analogues. Analysis of the crystal structures allows examination of the influence of the anions on the physical properties of the salts.
Towards ionic liquid-based thermoelectrochemical cells for the harvesting of thermal energy
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 12-2013
Optimising organic ionic plastic crystal electrolyte for all solid-state and higher than ambient temperature lithium batteries
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 26-10-2011
Degradation observations of encapsulated planar CH3NH3PbI3 perovskite solar cells at high temperatures and humidity
Publisher: Royal Society of Chemistry (RSC)
Date: 2015
DOI: 10.1039/C5TA00358J
Abstract: The stability of encapsulated planar-structured CH 3 NH 3 PbI 3 (MAPbI 3 ) perovskite solar cells (PSCs) was investigated under various simulated environmental conditions.
Investigation of the Physicochemical Properties of Pyrrolidinium-Based Mixed Plastic Crystal Electrolytes
Publisher: American Chemical Society (ACS)
Date: 16-06-2023
Anionic polymerization of styrene in ionic liquids
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 06-2008
Predicting gas selectivity in organic ionic plastic crystals by free energy calculations
Publisher: Royal Society of Chemistry (RSC)
Date: 2021
DOI: 10.1039/D1RA01844B
Abstract: The free energy calculation shows the different free energy changes of the adsorption and absorption of gas molecules into an organic ionic plastic crystal, successfully predicting the gas selectivity of this new type of gas separation material.
Polyelectrolyte‐in‐Ionic‐Liquid Electrolytes
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 11-2003
The influence of the monomer and the ionic liquid on the electrochemical preparation of polythiophene
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 03-2005
Halide‐Free Synthesis of New Difluoro(oxalato)borate [DFOB]−‐Based Ionic Liquids and Organic Ionic Plastic Crystals
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 17-05-2022
Abstract: The implementation of next‐generation batteries requires the development of safe, compatible electrolytes that are stable and do not cause safety problems. The difluoro(oxalato)borate ([DFOB] − ) anion has been used as an electrolyte additive to aid with stability, but such an approach has most commonly been carried out using flammable solvent electrolytes. As an alternative approach, utilisation of the [DFOB] − anion to make ionic liquids (ILs) or Organic Ionic Plastic Crystals (OIPCs) allows the advantageous properties of ILs or OIPCs, such as higher thermal stability and non‐volatility, combined with the benefits of the [DFOB] − anion. Here, we report the synthesis of new [DFOB] − ‐based ILs paired with triethylmethylphosphonium [P 1222 ] + , and diethylisobutylmethylphosphonium [P 122i4 ] + . We also report the first OIPCs containing the [DFOB] − anion, formed by combination with the 1‐ethyl‐1‐methylpyrrolidinium [C 2 mpyr] + cation, and the triethylmethylammonium [N 1222 ] + cation. The traditional synthetic route using halide starting materials has been successfully replaced by a halide‐free tosylate‐based synthetic route that is advantageous for a purer, halide free product. The synthesised [DFOB] − ‐based salts exhibit good thermal stability, while the ILs display relatively high ionic conductivity. Thus, the new [DFOB] − ‐based electrolytes show promise for further investigation as battery electrolytes both in liquid and solid‐state form.
Energy applications of ionic liquids
Publisher: Royal Society of Chemistry (RSC)
Date: 2014
DOI: 10.1039/C3EE42099J
Functionalised pseudo-boehmite nanoparticles as an excellent adsorbent material for anionic dyes
Publisher: Royal Society of Chemistry (RSC)
Date: 2008
DOI: 10.1039/B715545J
Factors controlling the physical properties of an organic ionic plastic crystal
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 2022
Electrochemical synthesis of polypyrrole in ionic liquids
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 03-2004
Novel ionic liquids and plastic crystals utilizing the cyanate anion
Publisher: Royal Society of Chemistry (RSC)
Date: 2011
DOI: 10.1039/C1JM14055H
Sustainable materials for renewable energy storage in the thermal battery
Publisher: Royal Society of Chemistry (RSC)
Date: 2023
DOI: 10.1039/D2SU00111J
Abstract: This work demonstrates the feasibility of aliphatic dicarbamate PCMs as inexpensive, stable and sustainable materials for the storage of renewable energy in the “Thermal Battery”.
Probing the molecular interactions and physicochemical properties of a cobalt-based redox electrolyte system for thermo-electrochemical cells
Publisher: Royal Society of Chemistry (RSC)
Date: 2022
DOI: 10.1039/D2CP01149B
Abstract: Revealing the molecular-level interactions and dynamics of the Co 2+/3+ (bpy) 3 (NTf 2 ) 2/3 redox electrolyte system, which is promising for thermo-electrochemical devices.
Ionic liquids and their solid-state analogues as materials for energy generation and storage
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 12-01-2016
Photoelectrochemical Solar Cells based on Polyterthiophenes Containing Porphyrins using Ionic Liquid Electrolyte
Publisher: The Electrochemical Society
Date: 2005
DOI: 10.1149/1.2033608
A novel class of gas separation membrane based on organic ionic plastic crystals
Publisher: Royal Society of Chemistry (RSC)
Date: 2016
DOI: 10.1039/C6CC06086B
Abstract: The first demonstration of organic ionic plastic crystal-based membranes for CO 2 separation.
Electrodeposited PEDOT-on-plastic cathodes for dye-sensitized solar cells
Publisher: Royal Society of Chemistry (RSC)
Date: 2010
DOI: 10.1039/C0CC01400A
Abstract: Electrodeposition of poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) onto conducting plastic allows the cheap and facile synthesis of plastic cathodes for dye-sensitised solar cells, having excellent solar cell efficiency (8%), at a fraction of the cost of platinised plastic.
Ionic Liquids in Electrochemical Devices and Processes: Managing Interfacial Electrochemistry
Publisher: American Chemical Society (ACS)
Date: 18-10-2007
DOI: 10.1021/AR7000952
Abstract: Many ionic liquids offer a range of properties that make them attractive to the field of electrochemistry indeed it was electrochemical research and applications that ushered in the modern era of interest in ionic liquids. In parallel with this, a variety of electrochemical devices including solar cells, high energy density batteries, fuel cells, and supercapacitors have become of intense interest as part of various proposed solutions to improve sustainability of energy supply in our societies. Much of our work over the last ten years has been motivated by such applications. Here we summarize the role of ionic liquids in these devices and the insights that the research provides for the broader field of interest of these fascinating liquids.
Ternary lithium-salt organic ionic plastic crystal polymer composite electrolytes for high voltage, all-solid-state batteries
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 11-2018
Molecular insights: structure and dynamics of a Li ion doped organic ionic plastic crystal
Publisher: Royal Society of Chemistry (RSC)
Date: 2013
DOI: 10.1039/C3CP53604A
Abstract: A molecular-level understanding of why the addition of lithium salts to Organic Ionic Plastic Crystals (OIPCs) produces excellent ionic conductivity is described for the first time. These materials are promising electrolytes for safe, robust lithium batteries, and have been experimentally characterised in some detail. Here, molecular dynamics simulations demonstrate the effects of lithium ion doping on both the structure and dynamics of an OIPC matrix (tetramethylammonium dicyanamide [TMA][DCA]) and illustrate a molecular-level transport model: in the plastic crystal phase lithium ions can form clusters with [DCA](-), and this clustering then in turn creates free volume or defect paths in the remainder of the lattice, which enhances ion conduction.
A new approach to very high lithium salt content quasi-solid state electrolytes for lithium metal batteries using plastic crystals
Publisher: Royal Society of Chemistry (RSC)
Date: 2019
DOI: 10.1039/C9TA11175A
Abstract: The combination of a highly conductivity plastic crystal with a very high concentration of lithium salt results in a promising new “plastic crystal in salt” electrolyte for lithium metal batteries.
Improved Efficiency and Stability of Flexible Dye Sensitized Solar Cells on ITO /PEN Substrates Using an Ionic Liquid Electrolyte
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 30-12-2014
DOI: 10.1111/PHP.12399
Abstract: Flexible dye-sensitized solar cells (DSSCs) built on plastic substrates have attracted great interest as they are lightweight and can be roll-to-roll printed to accelerate production and reduce cost. However, plastic substrates such as PEN and PET are permeable to water, oxygen and volatile electrolyte solvents, which is detrimental to the cell stability. Therefore, to address this problem, in this work, an ionic liquid (IL) electrolyte is used to replace the volatile solvent electrolyte. The initial IL-based devices only achieved around 50% of the photovoltaic conversion efficiency of the cells using the solvent electrolyte. Current-voltage and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) analysis of the cells in the dark indicated that this lower efficiency mainly originated from (i) a lack of blocking layer to reduce recombination, and (ii) a lower charge collection efficiency. To combat these problems, cells were developed using a 12 nm thick blocking layer, produced by atomic layer deposition, and 1 μm thick P25 TiO2 film sensitized with the hydrophobic MK-2 dye. These flexible DSSCs utilizing an IL electrolyte exhibit significantly improved efficiencies and a <10% drop in performance after 1000 h aging at 60°C under continuous light illumination.
Electrochemistry of tris(2,2′-bipyridyl) cobalt(II) in ionic liquids and aprotic molecular solvents on glassy carbon and platinum electrodes
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 10-2015
Supercritical CO2 modified organic ionic plastic crystals
Publisher: Royal Society of Chemistry (RSC)
Date: 2004
DOI: 10.1039/B407624A
Solution−Surface Electropolymerization: A Route to Morphologically Novel Poly(pyrrole) Using an Ionic Liquid
Publisher: American Chemical Society (ACS)
Date: 21-09-2006
DOI: 10.1021/MA061395V
Hierarchical hollow metal nanostructure arrays for selective CO2 conversion
Publisher: Royal Society of Chemistry (RSC)
Date: 2022
DOI: 10.1039/D1MA01142A
Abstract: Metal hollow nanostructures have a wide range of potential applications in energy storage and conversion, owing to their low density, high surface to volume ratio, and high contact surface area.
Towards Phosphorus Free Ionic Liquid Anti-Wear Lubricant Additives
Publisher: MDPI AG
Date: 22-06-2016
New dimensions in salt–solvent mixtures: a 4th evolution of ionic liquids
Publisher: Royal Society of Chemistry (RSC)
Date: 2018
DOI: 10.1039/C7FD00189D
Abstract: The important properties and applications of molecular liquid mixtures with ionic liquids and low melting organic salts are discussed.
High Power Density Electrochemical Thermocells for Inexpensively Harvesting Low‐Grade Thermal Energy
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 25-01-2017
Abstract: Continuously operating thermo-electrochemical cells (thermocells) are of interest for harvesting low-grade waste thermal energy because of their potentially low cost compared with conventional thermoelectrics. Pt-free thermocells devised here provide an output power of 12 W m
Anisotropic MRI Contrast Reveals Enhanced Ionic Transport in Plastic Crystals
Publisher: American Chemical Society (ACS)
Date: 27-10-2014
DOI: 10.1021/JA508290Z
Abstract: Organic ionic plastic crystals (OIPCs) are attractive as solid-state electrolytes for electrochemical devices such as lithium-ion batteries and solar and fuel cells. OIPCs offer high ionic conductivity, nonflammability, and versatility of molecular design. Nevertheless, intrinsic ion transport behavior of OIPCs is not fully understood, and their measured properties depend heavily on thermal history. Solid-state magnetic resonance imaging experiments reveal a striking image contrast anisotropy sensitive to the orientation of grain boundaries in polycrystalline OIPCs. Probing triethyl(methyl)phosphonium bis(fluorosulfonyl)imide (P1222FSI) s les with different thermal history demonstrates vast variations in microcrystallite alignment. Upon slow cooling from the melt, microcrystallites exhibit a preferred orientation throughout the entire s le, leading to an order of magnitude increase in conductivity as probed using impedance spectroscopy. This investigation describes both a new conceptual window and a new characterization method for understanding polycrystalline domain structure and transport in plastic crystals and other solid-state conductors.
Exploring the electrochemical properties of mixed ligand Fe(II) complexes as redox couples
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 12-2020
Ionic liquids for energy, materials, and medicine
Publisher: Royal Society of Chemistry (RSC)
Date: 16-05-2014
DOI: 10.1039/C4CC02021A
Abstract: As highlighted by the recent ChemComm web themed issue on ionic liquids, this field continues to develop beyond the concept of interesting new solvents for application in the greening of the chemical industry. Here some current research trends in the field will be discussed which show that ionic liquids research is still aimed squarely at solving major societal issues by taking advantage of new fundamental understanding of the nature of these salts in their low temperature liquid state. This article discusses current research trends in applications of ionic liquids to energy, materials, and medicines to provide some insight into the directions, motivations, challenges, and successes being achieved with ionic liquids today.
Ionic liquids and plastic crystals utilising the oxazolidinium cation: The effect of ether functionality in the ring
Publisher: Royal Society of Chemistry (RSC)
Date: 2021
DOI: 10.1039/D1QM00648G
Abstract: The synthesis and characterisation of a series of new oxazolidinium-based salts shows that ether functionality in the ring can have beneficial impacts on properties including ionic conductivity.
Application of a water-soluble cobalt redox couple in free-standing cellulose films for thermal energy harvesting
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 02-2019
Electrochemical characterization of hexamethylguanidinium bis(fluorosulfonyl)imide [HMG][FSI] based electrolyte and its application in sodium metal batteries
Publisher: IOP Publishing
Date: 09-12-2022
Abstract: With the increasing energy demand for both electronic portable devices and energy storage for fluctuating renewable energy sources, there is a strong need for alternatives beyond lithium batteries. Sodium batteries have been attracting great attention recently due to the abundance and low supply cost of the raw materials. However, they require highly conductive, safe and electrochemically stable electrolytes in order to enable their practical realization. In this work we present the promising physicochemical properties of the electrolyte based on hexamethylguanidinium bis(fluorosulfonyl)imide [FSI] at a sodium concentration of 25 mol% NaFSI. The liquid-state electrolyte supports stable Na plating and stripping at 1 h polarization times at 0.5 mA cm −2 current density in a Na symmetrical coin cell at 50 °C, maintaining a low polarization potential of ≈45 mV throughout 160 cycles. Moreover, this electrolyte is characterized by relatively high Na-ion transference number of 0.36 ± 0.03 at 50 °C. A long cycle life of 300 cycles with 285 mAh g −1 is achieved in a half cell set up with hard carbon. The solid-electrolyte interphase layer on the anode, which contributes to this high capacity, is investigated by x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy and solid-state nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy. The long-term cycling performance of Na|NaFePO 4 cell is also demonstrated with a high specific capacity of 106 mAh g −1 and 80% capacity retention after 110 cycles.
Atomistic Simulation of Gas Uptake and Interface-Induced Disordering in Solid Phases of an Organic Ionic Plastic Crystal
Publisher: American Chemical Society (ACS)
Date: 20-08-2018
Abstract: Organic ionic plastic crystals (OIPCs) are a unique class of materials that exhibit a short-range disorder on the molecular level but are ordered at higher length scales. Recent experiments in our group have shown that the OIPC methyl(diethyl)isobutylphosphonium hexafluorophosphate ([P
Organic Ionic Plastic Crystal-Based Composite Electrolyte with Surface Enhanced Ion Transport and Its Use in All-Solid-State Lithium Batteries
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 04-05-2017
Thermal Degradation of Ionic Liquids at Elevated Temperatures
Publisher: CSIRO Publishing
Date: 2004
DOI: 10.1071/CH03221
Abstract: Ionic liquids based on the imidazolium cation are found to degrade, yielding volatile degradation products, at temperatures significantly lower than previously reported and thus a parameter Tz/x (the maximum operating temperature) is developed to provide a more appropriate estimate of thermal stability.
Plasma treated water – A promising electrolyte to produce nanoporous titanium dioxide nanotubes
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 02-2017
Ionic Liquid Electrolytes for Thermal Energy Harvesting Using a Cobalt Redox Couple
Publisher: The Electrochemical Society
Date: 2014
DOI: 10.1149/2.009407JES
Hydrogels Containing the Ferri/Ferrocyanide Redox Couple and Ionic Liquids for Thermocells
Publisher: CSIRO Publishing
Date: 2019
DOI: 10.1071/CH18395
Abstract: Thermoelectrochemical cells are a promising new technology for harvesting low-grade waste heat. The operation of these cells relies on a redox couple within an electrolyte, which is most commonly water-based, and improvement of these materials is a key aspect of the advancement of this technology. Here, we report the gelation of aqueous electrolytes containing the K3Fe(CN)6/K4Fe(CN)6 redox couple using a range of different polymers, including polyvinyl alcohol (PVA), sodium carboxymethyl cellulose (Cmc), polyacrylamide (PAAm), and two commercial polyurethane-based polymers: HydroMed D640 and HydroSlip C. These polymers produce quasi-solid-state electrolytes with sufficient mechanical properties to prevent leakage, and allow improved device flexibility and safety. Furthermore, the incorporation of various ionic liquids within the optimized hydrogel network is investigated as a route to enhance the electrochemical and mechanical properties and thermal energy harvesting performance of the hydrogels.
The Effect of Solvent on the Seebeck Coefficient and Thermocell Performance of Cobalt Bipyridyl and Iron Ferri/Ferrocyanide Redox Couples
Publisher: CSIRO Publishing
Date: 2019
DOI: 10.1071/CH19245
Abstract: The conversion of thermal energy to electricity using thermoelectrochemical cells (thermocells) is a developing approach to harvesting waste heat. The performance of a thermocell is highly dependent on the solvent used in the electrolyte, but the interplay of the various solvent effects is not yet well understood. Here, using the redox couples [Co(bpy)3][BF4]2/3 (bpy=2,2′-bipyridyl) and (Et4N)3/(NH4)4Fe(CN)6, which have been designed to allow dissolution in different solvent systems (aqueous, non-aqueous, and mixed solvent), the effect of solvent on the Seebeck coefficient (Se) and cell performance was studied. The highest Se for a cobalt-based redox couple measured thus far is reported. Different trends in the Seebeck coefficients of the two redox couples as a function of the ratio of organic solvent to water were observed. The cobalt redox couple produced a more positive Se in organic solvent than in water, whereas addition of water to organic solvent resulted in a more negative Se for Fe(CN)6 3−/4−. UV-vis and IR investigations of the redox couples indicate that Se is affected by changes in solvent–ligand interactions in the different solvent systems.
Conducting Polymers with Fibrillar Morphology Synthesized in a Biphasic Ionic Liquid/Water System
Publisher: American Chemical Society (ACS)
Date: 22-03-2007
DOI: 10.1021/MA062483I
Thermo-electrochemical cells for waste heat harvesting – progress and perspectives
Publisher: Royal Society of Chemistry (RSC)
Date: 2017
DOI: 10.1039/C7CC02160G
Abstract: This feature article provides an overview of recent advances in the development of thermo-electrochemical cells for thermal energy harvesting applications.
The Madelung Constant of Organic Salts
Publisher: American Chemical Society (ACS)
Date: 18-09-2009
DOI: 10.1021/CG900656Z
One‐Step Synthesis of Conducting Polymer–Noble Metal Nanoparticle Composites using an Ionic Liquid
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 17-07-2008
New organic ionic plastic crystals utilizing the morpholinium cation
Publisher: Royal Society of Chemistry (RSC)
Date: 2023
DOI: 10.1039/D3CP00759F
Abstract: The synthesis and properties of new morpholinium-based plastic crystals are reported, expanding the range of OIPCs available for energy applications.
Solid-State Lithium Conductors for Lithium Metal Batteries Based on Electrospun Nanofiber/Plastic Crystal Composites
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 21-07-2017
Abstract: Organic ionic plastic crystals (OIPCs) are a class of solid-state electrolytes with good thermal stability, non-flammability, non-volatility, and good electrochemical stability. When prepared in a composite with electrospun polyvinylidene fluoride (PVdF) nanofibers, a 1:1 mixture of the OIPC N-ethyl-N-methylpyrrolidinium bis(fluorosulfonyl)imide ([C
Isolation and seasonal effects on characteristics of fulvic acid isolated from an Australian floodplain river and billabong
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 06-2007
DOI: 10.1016/J.CHROMA.2006.08.086
Abstract: Fulvic acids from an Australian floodplain river and billabong were isolated using DEAE and DAX-8 resins, and characterised with the use of size exclusion chromatography and solid-state CP-MAS (13)C NMR spectroscopy. Differences between the two resin isolates were evident. Fulvic acids isolated using DEAE-cellulose had higher apparent M(n) and M(w) values, while the DAX-8 resin showed a slight preference for aliphatic components. Fulvic acids from the river and billabong had the same functional groups present, however, the river fulvic acids had higher apparent M(n) (number average molecular weight) and M(w) values (weight average molecular weight), and were more polydisperse than the billabong fulvic acid. There were no significant changes in the characteristics of the fulvic acid isolated from the river at four s ling times: summer, autumn, winter and spring. In contrast, fulvic acids isolated from a billabong displayed seasonal variation in molecular weights. This work emphasizes the importance in ecological studies of isolation procedure for the operationally defined fulvic acids.
Thermal and physical properties of an archetypal organic ionic plastic crystal electrolyte
Publisher: Royal Society of Chemistry (RSC)
Date: 2004
DOI: 10.1039/B400452C
The 3rd Australasian Symposium on Ionic Liquids (ASIL-3)
Publisher: CSIRO Publishing
Date: 2009
DOI: 10.1071/CH09181
A symmetrical ionic liquid/Li salt system for rapid ion transport and stable lithium electrochemistry
Publisher: Royal Society of Chemistry (RSC)
Date: 2018
DOI: 10.1039/C8CC00531A
Abstract: A concentrated lithium salt electrolyte utilising the diethylpyrrolidinium cation and bis(fluorosulfonyl)imide anion shows high ionic conductivity and good Li electrochemistry.
Structure and Transport Properties of a Plastic Crystal Ion Conductor: Diethyl(methyl)(isobutyl)phosphonium Hexafluorophosphate
Publisher: American Chemical Society (ACS)
Date: 29-05-2012
DOI: 10.1021/JA301175V
Abstract: Understanding the ion transport behavior of organic ionic plastic crystals (OIPCs) is crucial for their potential application as solid electrolytes in various electrochemical devices such as lithium batteries. In the present work, the ion transport mechanism is elucidated by analyzing experimental data (single-crystal XRD, multinuclear solid-state NMR, DSC, ionic conductivity, and SEM) as well as the theoretical simulations (second moment-based solid static NMR line width simulations) for the OIPC diethyl(methyl)(isobutyl)phosphonium hexafluorophosphate ([P(1,2,2,4)][PF(6)]). This material displays rich phase behavior and advantageous ionic conductivities, with three solid-solid phase transitions and a highly "plastic" and conductive final solid phase in which the conductivity reaches 10(-3) S cm(-1). The crystal structure shows unique channel-like packing of the cations, which may allow the anions to diffuse more easily than the cations at lower temperatures. The strongly phase-dependent static NMR line widths of the (1)H, (19)F, and (31)P nuclei in this material have been well simulated by different levels of molecular motions in different phases. Thus, drawing together of the analytical and computational techniques has allowed the construction of a transport mechanism for [P(1,2,2,4)][PF(6)]. It is also anticipated that utilization of these techniques will allow a more detailed understanding of the transport mechanisms of other plastic crystal electrolyte materials.
Protic plastic crystal/PVDF composite membranes for Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cells under non-humidified conditions
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 09-2017
Photovoltaic characteristics and stability of flexible dye-sensitized solar cells on ITO/PEN substrates
Publisher: Royal Society of Chemistry (RSC)
Date: 2014
DOI: 10.1039/C3RA45508D
Physical trends and structural features in organic salts of the thiocyanate anion
Publisher: Royal Society of Chemistry (RSC)
Date: 29-10-2002
DOI: 10.1039/B208372H
Ion Transport in Li-Doped Triethyl(methyl)phosphonium Tetrafluoroborate (Li-[P1222][BF4]) Impregnated with PVDF Nanoparticles
Publisher: American Chemical Society (ACS)
Date: 22-02-2022
1-Methyl-1-propylpyrrolidinium chloride
Publisher: International Union of Crystallography (IUCr)
Date: 29-02-2008
Toward protic ionic liquid and organic ionic plastic crystal electrolytes for fuel cells
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 12-2012
Interactions in bisamide ionic liquids—insights from a Hirshfeld surface analysis of their crystalline states
Publisher: Royal Society of Chemistry (RSC)
Date: 2008
DOI: 10.1039/B809606F
Development of New Plastic‐Crystal Based Electrolytes using Pyrrolidinium‐ Bis(fluorosulfonyl)imide Dicationic Salts
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 17-03-2023
Abstract: Dicationic organic salts are an interesting class of solid‐state electrolyte materials due to their unique structure. Here we present, for the first time, the synthesis and characterization of three dicationic‐FSI salts, 1,2‐bis( N ‐methylpyrrolidinium)ethane bi(bis(fluorosulfonyl)imide) ([C 2 ‐Pyrr1][FSI] 2 ), 1,2‐bis( N ‐ethylpyrrolidinium)ethane bi(bis(fluorosulfonyl)imide) ([C 2 ‐Pyrr2][FSI] 2 ) and 1,2‐bis( N‐n ‐propylpyrrolidinium)ethane bi(bis(fluorosulfonyl)imide) ([C 2 ‐Pyrr3][FSI] 2 ). The structure and dynamics of the organic salts were probed using variable temperature solid‐state NMR and were compared with the thermal and transport properties. The investigation revealed that [C 2 ‐Pyrr1][FSI] 2 , with shorter alkyl‐side chains on the dication, displayed increased transport properties compared to [C 2 ‐Pyrr2][FSI] 2 and [C 2 ‐Pyrr3][FSI] 2 . To determine the proficiency of these dicationic‐FSI salts as electrolyte materials for battery applications, 10 mol% and 50 mol% lithium bis(fluorosulfonyl)imide (LiFSI) was mixed with [C 2 ‐Pyrr1][FSI] 2 and [C 2 ‐Pyrr2][FSI] 2 . Increased transport properties were observed for [C 2 ‐Pyrr1][FSI] 2 /10 mol % LiFSI in comparison to [C 2 ‐Pyrr2][FSI] 2 /10 % LiFSI, while pulse field gradient NMR analysis revealed the highest Li + self‐diffusion ratio for [C 2 ‐Pyrr1][FSI] 2 /50 % LiFSI out of the four Li‐salt‐containing mixtures.
Solid state NMR analysis of polypyrrole grown in a phosphonium ionic liquid
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 12-2005
Ionic Liquids—An Overview
Publisher: CSIRO Publishing
Date: 2004
DOI: 10.1071/CH03231
Abstract: Ionic liquids have become an increasingly popular class of solvent in the last decade as the potential applications of these materials become more erse. Rather than being viewed simply as replacement for conventional organic solvent media, research into ionic liquids has progressed to the deliberate choice and design of these materials for reasons of improved rate, specificity, and yield. Design of ionic liquids centres on the development of novel cations and anions to impart the specific physical properties required for each application. Therefore, the materials being synthesized and studied are also becoming increasingly complex and erse. Here we provide an overview of ionic liquids generally, and some of their current applications, as well as an introduction to some of the new cations and anions that have been developed for specific properties.
The zwitterion effect in high-conductivity polyelectrolyte materials
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 21-12-2003
DOI: 10.1038/NMAT1044
Enhancement of ion dynamics in organic ionic plastic crystal/PVDF composite electrolytes prepared by co-electrospinning
Publisher: Royal Society of Chemistry (RSC)
Date: 2016
DOI: 10.1039/C6TA02817A
Abstract: Organic ionic plastic crystal (OIPC) modified poly(vinylidene difluoride) (PVDF) composite fiber membrane with enhanced ion dynamics and almost pure β-PVDF are demonstrated.
Extraction of lignin from lignocellulose at atmospheric pressure using alkylbenzenesulfonate ionic liquid
Publisher: Royal Society of Chemistry (RSC)
Date: 2009
DOI: 10.1039/B815310H
Operando magnetic resonance imaging for mapping of temperature and redox species in thermo-electrochemical cells
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 08-11-2021
DOI: 10.1038/S41467-021-26813-8
Abstract: Low-grade waste heat is an abundant and underutilised energy source. In this context, thermo-electrochemical cells (i.e., systems able to harvest heat to generate electricity) are being intensively studied to deliver the promises of efficient and cost-effective energy harvesting and electricity generation. However, despite the advances in performance disclosed in recent years, understanding the internal processes occurring within these devices is challenging. In order to shed light on these mechanisms, here we report an operando magnetic resonance imaging approach that can provide quantitative spatial maps of the electrolyte temperature and redox ion concentrations in functioning thermo-electrochemical cells. Time-resolved images are obtained from liquid and gel electrolytes, allowing the observation of the effects of redox reactions and competing mass transfer processes such as thermophoresis and diffusion. We also correlate the physicochemical properties of the system with the device performance via simultaneous electrochemical measurements.
Temperature dependence of the electrode potential of a cobalt-based redox couple in ionic liquid electrolytes for thermal energy harvesting
Publisher: Royal Society of Chemistry (RSC)
Date: 2016
DOI: 10.1039/C5FD00238A
Abstract: Increasing the application of technologies for harvesting waste heat could make a significant contribution to sustainable energy production. Thermoelectrochemical cells are one such emerging technology, where the thermal response of a redox couple in an electrolyte is used to generate a potential difference across a cell when a temperature gradient exists. The unique physical properties of ionic liquids make them ideal for application as electrolytes in these devices. One of the keys to utilizing these media in efficient thermoelectrochemical cells is achieving high Seebeck coefficients, S e : the thermodynamic quantity that determines the magnitude of the voltage achieved per unit temperature difference. Here, we report the S e and cell performance of a cobalt-based redox couple in a range of different ionic liquids, to investigate the influence of the nature of the IL on the thermodynamics and cell performance of the redox system. The results reported include the highest S e to-date for an IL-based electrolyte. The effect of diluting the different ILs with propylene carbonate is also reported, which results in a significant increase in the output powers and current densities of the device.
Flexible and non-volatile redox active quasi-solid state ionic liquid based electrolytes for thermal energy harvesting
Publisher: Royal Society of Chemistry (RSC)
Date: 2018
DOI: 10.1039/C8SE00224J
Abstract: Towards the development of stable thermocells for harvesting low-grade waste heat, non-volatile and flexible electrolyte films are reported.
Recent progress in the development and use of organic ionic plastic crystal electrolytes
Publisher: Royal Society of Chemistry (RSC)
Date: 2013
DOI: 10.1039/C2CP43267F
Abstract: Significant progress has been made recently in the development of Organic Ionic Plastic Crystals (OIPCs), a unique family of solid state electrolytes with applications in electrochemical devices such as lithium batteries and dye-sensitised solar cells. The negligible volatility of OIPCs renders them more suitable than molecular species for long-term device use, while the high thermal and electrochemical stability of many OIPCs fulfils an essential requirement for solid state electrolytes for many device applications. However, the complex mechanisms of conduction through these materials, both in their pure state and in the presence of a small amount of a second component (such as lithium salts to enable their use in lithium batteries) are still not fully understood. At the same time, the range of anions and cations utilised in the synthesis of plastic crystal phases continues to increase. This perspective concentrates on recent research into both fundamental and device-oriented aspects of these materials. Important fundamental understanding of the physical properties and transport mechanisms of different OIPCs has been achieved through use of techniques including variable temperature solid-state NMR and crystallographic analysis, as well as detailed molecular dynamics simulations. In parallel, the applicability of these materials as electrolytes for dye-sensitised solar cells and lithium batteries is being more widely demonstrated. The possibility of using OIPCs as solid state electrolytes for fuel cells is also discussed.
Redox-Active Quasi-Solid-State Electrolytes for Thermal Energy Harvesting
Publisher: American Chemical Society (ACS)
Date: 09-2016
Insights into the transport of alkali metal ions doped into a plastic crystal electrolyte
Publisher: American Chemical Society (ACS)
Date: 26-03-2015
Investigation of properties and performance of three novel highly concentrated ether-functionalised ionic liquid electrolytes for lithium metal batteries
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 11-2023
Molecular patterns in the thermophysical properties of pyridinium ionic liquids as phase change materials for energy storage in the intermediate temperature range
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 09-2022
Bioavailability of dissolved organic carbon and fulvic acid from an Australian floodplain river and billabong
Publisher: CSIRO Publishing
Date: 2007
DOI: 10.1071/MF06085
Abstract: Dissolved organic carbon (DOC) is a vital resource for heterotrophic bacteria in aquatic ecosystems. The bioavailability of fulvic acid, which comprises the majority of aquatic DOC, is not well understood. The present study examined the bioavailability of bulk DOC and fulvic acid from two contrasting but inter-related water bodies: the Murrumbidgee River and adjacent Berry Jerry Lagoon. Bacteria utilised fulvic acids however, bulk DOC was more bioavailable. Bacteria were able to utilise Murrumbidgee River DOC and fulvic acid more readily than Berry Jerry Lagoon DOC and fulvic acid, suggesting that the quality of carbon may be an important factor to consider when evaluating lateral exchange of nutrients between the main channel and floodplain. Chemical characteristics of fulvic acids appeared to explain some of the variation in fulvic acid bioavailability. The higher the molecular weight and complexity of the fulvic acid, the longer it took for bacteria to utilise the substrate (lag phase), but the larger the number of bacteria that grew on the substrate. The present study calls attention to the need for further multidisciplinary studies to address the quality of carbon in riverine-floodplain ecosystems.
The influence of ionic liquid and plastic crystal electrolytes on the photovoltaic characteristics of dye-sensitised solar cells
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Date: 10-2011
Understanding the Effect of the C2 Proton in Promoting Low Viscosities and High Conductivities in Imidazolium-Based Ionic Liquids: Part I. Weakly Coordinating Anions
Publisher: American Chemical Society (ACS)
Date: 14-11-2011
DOI: 10.1021/JP208573Y
Abstract: 1,3-Disubstituted imidazolium ionic liquids have been the subject of numerous theoretical and experimental studies due to their low viscosity-often the very lowest for any given cation/anion family. One of the mysteries in the imidazolium family of salts is the sharp increase in viscosity that is observed on methylating at the C2 position in the ring. In the nonmethylated case, the C2 proton is observed to be distinctly acidic and, where this is undesirable, substitution of the C2 position removes the problem, but produces an unexpected increase in viscosity. Methylation at other positions on the ring does not produce such a significant effect. In this study, two possible structural or energetic sources of the increased viscosity were investigated: (1) ion association, as probed by the Walden rule, and (2) differences in the potential energy surface profiles that favor ionic transport in the non C2-methylated imidazolium ionic liquids. The second hypothesis was investigated using high-level ab initio theory. The higher viscosity of C2-methylated imidazolium ionic liquids is shown to be a result of high potential energy barriers (significantly above the available thermal energy) between the energetically preferred conformations on the potential energy surface, thus restricting movement of ions in the liquid state to only small oscillations and inhibiting the overall ion transport.
Organic salts utilising the hexamethylguanidinium cation: the influence of the anion on the structural, physical and thermal properties
Publisher: Royal Society of Chemistry (RSC)
Date: 2019
DOI: 10.1039/C9CP01740B
Abstract: The synthesis and characterisation of new solid-state electrolytes is a key step in advancing the development of safer and more reliable electrochemical energy storage technologies.
Investigation of the kinetic and mass transport limitations in thermoelectrochemical cells with different electrode materials
Publisher: Royal Society of Chemistry (RSC)
Date: 2014
DOI: 10.1039/C3CP54577F
Abstract: Thermoelectrochemical cells (TECs) have the potential to offer a continuous renewable electricity supply from a variety of thermal energy sources. Because of the thermal gradient, the device characteristics are a complex function of temperature dependent electrolyte transport properties, electrode electro-catalytic properties and the Seebeck coefficient of the redox couple. Understanding the interplay between these functions is critical to identifying the limiting factors that need to be overcome to produce more advanced devices. Thus, in this work we have developed a theoretical model for TECs and have measured a range of properties required by the model. We focused attention on the Co(n)(bpy)3(NTf2)n in a [C2mim][B(CN)4] ionic liquid electrolyte as one of the optimal systems for >100 °C operation. The exchange current densities on a range of electrode materials were measured in order to explore the role of electrode function in the simulation. Alternatives to platinum electrodes (maximum output power, Pmax = 183 mW m(-2)), including platinized stainless steel, Pt-SS (Pmax = 188 mW m(-2)) and poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) deposited on stainless steel, PEDOT-SS (Pmax = 179 mW m(-2)), were shown to be viable options. From the simulations we conclude that for further development of ionic liquid TECs, modifications to the redox couple to increase the Seebeck coefficient, and increasing the rate of diffusion of the redox couple to minimize mass transport resistance, will yield the greatest improvements in device performance.
Organic Ionic Plastic Crystals as Solid-State Electrolytes
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 04-2019
Front Cover: Enhanced Dissolution of Metal Oxides in Hydroxylated Solvents – Towards Application in Lithium‐Ion Battery Leaching (ChemSusChem 15/2023)
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 31-07-2023
Development of tris(amino)phosphonium electrolytes for high performing sodium batteries
Publisher: Royal Society of Chemistry (RSC)
Date: 2023
DOI: 10.1039/D3TA03741J
Novel Nano‐Structured Silica‐Based Electrolytes Containing Quaternary Ammonium Iodide Moieties
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 05-09-2007
Titanium Carbide and Titanium Nitride-Based Nanocomposites as Efficient Catalysts for the Co2+/Co3+ Redox Couple in Dye-Sensitized Solar Cells
Publisher: American Chemical Society (ACS)
Date: 31-03-2014
DOI: 10.1021/JP4127418
Seebeck coefficients in ionic liquids –prospects for thermo-electrochemical cells
Publisher: Royal Society of Chemistry (RSC)
Date: 2011
DOI: 10.1039/C1CC11501D
Abstract: Measurement of Seebeck coefficients in a range of ionic liquids (ILs) suggests that these electrolytes could enable the development of thermoelectric devices to generate electrical energy from low-grade heat in the 100-150 °C range.
Spin-crossover, mesomorphic and thermoelectrical properties of cobalt(ii ) complexes with alkylated N3-Schiff bases
Publisher: Royal Society of Chemistry (RSC)
Date: 2015
DOI: 10.1039/C4TC02923B
Abstract: Cobalt complexes of alkylated N 3 -Schiff bases show mesomorphic and spin-crossover behaviours, and high S e values.
Organic Ionic Plastic Crystals and Low Viscosity Ionic Liquids Based on the Dicyano(nitroso)methanide Anion
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 09-10-2012
Use of Ionic Liquids in Dye‐Sensitised Solar Cells
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 07-11-2012
High Seebeck coefficient redox ionic liquid electrolytes for thermal energy harvesting
Publisher: Royal Society of Chemistry (RSC)
Date: 2013
DOI: 10.1039/C3EE41608A
The influence of different nanoparticles on a range of organic ionic plastic crystals
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 12-2010
Superior performance of plasma treated water as an anodizing electrolyte for producing nanoporous titanium dioxide nanotubes
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 17-07-2017
Operando MRI for quantitative mapping of temperature and redox species concentrations in thermo-electrochemical cells
Publisher: Research Square Platform LLC
Date: 21-06-2021
DOI: 10.21203/RS.3.RS-568214/V1
Abstract: Low-grade waste heat is an abundant and underutilised energy source, and the promise of thermo-electrochemical cells to harvest this resource and power applications such as wearable devices and sensors is increasingly being realised. However, despite substantial advances in performance in recent years, understanding the interior processes occurring within these devices remains a challenge. Here we report an operando magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) approach that can provide quantitative spatial maps of electrolyte temperature and redox ion concentrations in functioning thermo-electrochemical cells. Time-resolved images are obtained from liquid and gel electrolytes, allowing the effects of redox reactions and competing mass transfer effects such as thermophoresis and diffusion to be visualised and correlated with the device performance via simultaneous electrochemical measurements. This method offers valuable insights into these devices and will greatly aid their future design and optimisation.
Development of new solid-state electrolytes based on a hexamethylguanidinium plastic crystal and lithium salts
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 10-2020
Evaluation of Electrochemical Methods for Determination of the Seebeck Coefficient of Redox Electrolytes
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 12-2015
Thermal, structural and dynamic properties of ionic liquids and organic ionic plastic crystals with a small ether-functionalised cation
Publisher: Royal Society of Chemistry (RSC)
Date: 2022
DOI: 10.1039/D2QM00045H
Abstract: A series of new salts with a small ether-functionalised trimethylammonium cation are synthesised and characterised to probe their unique structure–property relationships.
Tailoring the fibre-to-matrix interface using click chemistry on carbon fibre surfaces
Publisher: Royal Society of Chemistry (RSC)
Date: 2017
DOI: 10.1039/C7TA00922D
Abstract: A convenient and effective strategy to control the surface chemistry of carbon fibres is presented, comprising electro-chemical reduction of aryl diazonium salts onto the surface, followed by ‘click chemistry’ to tether the desired surface characteristic of choice.
The additive effect of zwitterion and nano-particles on ion dissociation in polyelectrolytes
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 04-2005
Plastic crystal-based electrolytes using novel dicationic salts
Publisher: Royal Society of Chemistry (RSC)
Date: 2022
DOI: 10.1039/D1CP04314E
Abstract: The thermal and structural properties of novel pyrrolidinium dicationic salts with varying alkyl-chain lengths are investigated, neat and in combination with lithium salts.
Phase Change Materials for Renewable Energy Storage at Intermediate Temperatures
Publisher: American Chemical Society (ACS)
Date: 23-11-2022
DOI: 10.1021/ACS.CHEMREV.2C00407
Abstract: Thermal energy storage technologies utilizing phase change materials (PCMs) that melt in the intermediate temperature range, between 100 and 220 °C, have the potential to mitigate the intermittency issues of wind and solar energy. This technology can take thermal or electrical energy from renewable sources and store it in the form of heat. This is of particular utility when the end use of the energy is also as heat. For this purpose, the material should have a phase change between 100 and 220 °C with a high latent heat of fusion. Although a range of PCMs are known for this temperature range, many of these materials are not practically viable for stability and safety reasons, a perspective not often clear in the primary literature. This review examines the recent development of thermal energy storage materials for application with renewables, the different material classes, their physicochemical properties, and the chemical structural origins of their advantageous thermal properties. Perspectives on further research directions needed to reach the goal of large scale, highly efficient, inexpensive, and reliable intermediate temperature thermal energy storage technologies are also presented.
Enhanced Dissolution of Metal Oxides in Hydroxylated Solvents – Towards Application in Lithium‐Ion Battery Leaching
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 14-06-2023
Abstract: The recovery of critical metals from spent lithium‐ion batteries (LIBs) is rapidly growing. Current methods are energy‐intensive and hazardous, while alternative solvent‐based strategies require more studies on their ‘green’ character, metal dissolution mechanism and industrial applicability. Herein, we bridged this gap by studying the effect of dilute HCl solutions in hydroxylated solvents to dissolve Co, Ni and Mn oxides. Ethylene glycol emerged consistently as the most effective solvent, dissolving up to four times more Co and Ni oxides than using aqueous acidic media, attributed to improved chloro‐complex formation and solvent effects. These effects had a significant contribution compared to acid type and concentration. The highest Co dissolution (0.27 M) was achieved in 0.5 M HCl in 25 % ( v / v ) glycerol in water, using less acid and a significant amount of water compared to other solvent systems, as well as mild temperatures (40 °C). This solvent was applied to dissolve battery cathode material, achieving 100 % dissolution of Co and Mn and 94 % dissolution of Ni, following what was concluded to be a mixed mechanism. These results offer a simple alternative to current leaching processes, reducing acid consumption, enhancing atomic efficiency, and paving the way for optimized industrial hydrometallurgical processes leaning to ‘greener’ strategies.
Enhanced thermal energy harvesting performance of a cobalt redox couple in ionic liquid–solvent mixtures
Publisher: Royal Society of Chemistry (RSC)
Date: 2016
DOI: 10.1039/C5CP04305K
Abstract: Significant improvements in thermocell power output have been achieved using a cobalt-based redox couple in an ionic liquid/molecular solvent electrolyte mixture.
Ionic liquid electrolyte porphyrin dye sensitised solar cells
Publisher: Royal Society of Chemistry (RSC)
Date: 2010
DOI: 10.1039/B926087K
Abstract: Ionic liquid electrolytes based on a number of imidazolium, quaternary ammonium and phosphonium cations have been developed for porphyrin dye sensitised solar cells yielding efficiencies of up to 5.2% at 0.68 Sun.
Probing the secrets of hydrogen bonding in organic salt phase change materials: the origins of a high enthalpy of fusion
Publisher: Royal Society of Chemistry (RSC)
Date: 2021
DOI: 10.1039/D1MA00603G
Abstract: We work towards a rational design process for organic salt phase change materials, using X-ray crystallography to probe the structure–property relationship between hydrogen bonding and the enthalpy of fusion in these materials.
Conducting polymer and titanium carbide-based nanocomposites as efficient counter electrodes for dye-sensitized solar cells
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 08-2013
Conducting polymer nanoparticles synthesized in an ionic liquid by chemical polymerisation
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 07-2006
Protic ionic liquid-based thermoelectrochemical cells for the harvesting of waste heat.
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 2013
DOI: 10.1557/OPL.2013.647
Abstract: The ability to efficiently harvest heat as a source of sustainable energy would make a significant contribution to reducing our current reliance on fossil fuels. Waste heat sources, such as those produced in industrial processes or through geothermal activity, are extensive, often continuous, and at present severely underutilised. Thermoelectrochemical cells offer an alternative design to the traditional semiconductor-based thermoelectric devices and offer thepromise of continuous and cheap operation at moderate temperatures, low maintenance and with no carbon emissions. They utilise two electrodes, held at different temperatures, separated by an electrolyte containing a redox couple. It is the temperature dependence of the electrochemical redox potential that generates the potential difference across the device as a result of the appliedtemperature difference. The magnitude of this redox potential temperature dependence is given by the Seebeck coefficient, S e . Until recently, research into thermoelectrochemical cells had primarily focused on aqueous media, predominantly with the Fe(CN)6 3-/4- redox couple.[1] However, the good thermal and electrochemical stability, non-volatility and non-flammability ofmany ionic liquids make them promising alternative electrolytes for these devices. The use of ionic liquid (IL) electrolytes offers potential advantages that include increased thermoelectrochemical device efficiencies and lifetimes and the ability to utilise low temperature (often “waste”) heat sources in the 100 – 200 °C temperature range.[2] Here we discuss our research into the use of the Fe(CN)6 3-/4- redox couple in protic IL electrolytes, with different amounts of added water, in a thermoelectrochemical device with platinum and single walled carbon nanotube (SWNT) electrodes.
Physical Properties and Structural Characterization of Ionic Liquids and Solid Electrolytes Utilizing the Carbamoylcyano(nitroso)methanide Anion
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 16-04-2013
Porphyrin dye-sensitised solar cells utilising a solid-state electrolyte
Publisher: Royal Society of Chemistry (RSC)
Date: 2011
DOI: 10.1039/C1CC13205A
Abstract: We describe a porphyrin dye-sensitised solar cell utilising a solid state electrolyte containing the I(-)/I(3)(-) redox couple, which yields a performance of 5.3% under moderate light intensity and 4.8% at full sun.
Plastic Crystals Utilising Small Ammonium Cations and Sulfonylimide Anions as Electrolytes for Lithium Batteries
Publisher: The Electrochemical Society
Date: 05-01-2020
Abstract: Organic ionic plastic crystals (OIPCs) are increasingly promising as a class of solid-state electrolyte for developing safer lithium batteries. However, their advancement relies on expanding the range of well-characterised cation/anion combinations. Here, we report the synthesis and characterization of OIPCs utilising small ammonium cations tetramethylammonium ([N 1111 ] + ), triethylmethylammonium ([N 1222 ] + ) and tetraethylammonium ([N 2222 ] + ), chosen to encourage significant rotational and translational motion, with the charge-diffuse and electrochemically stable bis(fluorosulfonyl)imide ([FSI]ˉ) and bis(trifluoromethanesulfonyl)imide ([NTf 2 ]ˉ) anions. To investigate the physico-chemical properties of the OIPCs, the free volume was measured by positron annihilation spectroscopy (PALS) and correlated with the ionic conductivity and thermal analysis (DSC). Solid-state NMR analysis of the salts, is also reported. The salts with the less symmetric cation, [N 1222 ][FSI] and [N 1222 ][NTf 2 ], were identified as the most promising electrolyte materials, and thus the electrochemical properties after mixing with 10 and 90 mol% lithium bis(fluorosulfonyl)imide (LiFSI) or lithium bis(trifluoromethanesulfonyl)imide (LiNTf 2 ), respectively, were investigated. This study demonstrates the efficacy of these OIPC materials as new quasi-solid state electrolytes with advantageous properties such as high conductivity, good thermal and electrochemical properties, the ability to incorporate high lithium salt concentrations and support efficient lithium electrochemistry.
Organic ionic plastic crystals: recent advances
Publisher: Royal Society of Chemistry (RSC)
Date: 2010
DOI: 10.1039/B920406G
Ion Conduction in Plastic Crystals
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 13-04-2005
High Thermal Gradient in Thermo-electrochemical Cells by Insertion of a Poly(Vinylidene Fluoride) Membrane
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 06-07-2016
DOI: 10.1038/SREP29328
Abstract: Thermo-Electrochemical cells (Thermocells/TECs) transform thermal energy into electricity by means of electrochemical potential disequilibrium between electrodes induced by a temperature gradient (ΔT). Heat conduction across the terminals of the cell is one of the primary reasons for device inefficiency. Herein, we embed Poly(Vinylidene Fluoride) (PVDF) membrane in thermocells to mitigate the heat transfer effects - we refer to these membrane-thermocells as MTECs. At a ΔT of 12 K, an improvement in the open circuit voltage (V oc ) of the TEC from 1.3 mV to 2.8 mV is obtained by employment of the membrane. The PVDF membrane is employed at three different locations between the electrodes i.e. x = 2 mm, 5 mm, and 8 mm where ‘x’ defines the distance between the cathode and PVDF membrane. We found that the membrane position at x = 5 mm achieves the closest internal ∆T (i.e. 8.8 K) to the externally applied ΔT of 10 K and corresponding power density is 254 nWcm −2 78% higher than the conventional TEC. Finally, a thermal resistivity model based on infrared thermography explains mass and heat transfer within the thermocells.
The zwitterion 1-butylimidazolium-3-(n-butanesulfonate)
Publisher: International Union of Crystallography (IUCr)
Date: 23-10-2003
A comparison of the impact of cation chemistry in ionic liquid-based lithium battery electrolytes
Publisher: Royal Society of Chemistry (RSC)
Date: 2023
DOI: 10.1039/D3YA00336A
Advancement in knowledge of phenomena and processes: general discussion
Publisher: Royal Society of Chemistry (RSC)
Date: 2016
DOI: 10.1039/C6FD90032A
5th Australasian Symposium on Ionic Liquids
Publisher: CSIRO Publishing
Date: 2012
DOI: 10.1071/CH12481
Strategies for Integrated Capture and Conversion of CO2 from Dilute Flue Gases and the Atmosphere
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 05-03-2021
Zwitterionic materials with disorder and plasticity and their application as non-volatile solid or liquid electrolytes
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 18-11-2022
Structural analysis of low melting organic salts: perspectives on ionic liquids
Publisher: Royal Society of Chemistry (RSC)
Date: 2010
DOI: 10.1039/C003519J
Abstract: Ionic liquid-forming salts often display low melting points (a lack of crystallisation at ambient temperature and pressure) as a result of decreased lattice energies in the crystalline state. Intermolecular interactions between the anion and cation, and the conformational states of each component of the salt, are of significant interest as many of the distinctive properties ascribed to ionic liquids are determined to a large extent by these interactions. Crystallographic analysis provides a direct insight into the spatial relationship between the cations and anions and provides a basis for an enhanced understanding of the physico-chemical relationship of the ionic liquids. This perspective article examines the crystallographic studies of relevance to ionic liquid-forming organic salts as a basis for the rational design and synthesis of novel ionic liquids.
Designing Solid‐State Electrolytes through the Structural Modification of a High‐Performing Ionic Liquid
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 10-2020
N-ethyl-N-methylpyrrolidinium bis(fluorosulfonyl)imide-electrospun polyvinylidene fluoride composite electrolytes: characterization and lithium cell studies
Publisher: Royal Society of Chemistry (RSC)
Date: 2017
DOI: 10.1039/C6CP07415D
Abstract: LiFSI doped [C 2 mpyr][FSI]–PVdF composites were developed as solid-state, self-standing electrolyte membranes.
Corrigendum to FOREWORD [Electrochimica Acta 175 (2015) 1–4]
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 10-2015
Ionic liquids and organic ionic plastic crystals utilizing small phosphonium cations
Publisher: Royal Society of Chemistry (RSC)
Date: 2011
DOI: 10.1039/C1JM10417A
Ion Conduction in Organic Ionic Plastic Crystals
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 02-03-2011
Reversible self-polymerizing high Tg lyoprotectants
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 10-2002
DOI: 10.1016/S0011-2240(02)00127-X
Abstract: One mode of action of protectants in the storage of biological materials is by promoting the formation of a vitrified state on cooling or drying. In the case of preservation by drying, the glassy material comprises a low water content mixture of protectant and organic material. The protectant must on drying form a glassy state of glass transition temperature (T(g)) above the desired storage temperature. However, in some applications it must also be easily transported through cell membranes and this restricts the choice to a relatively limited number of small molecules, which typically exhibit very low glass transition temperatures. In this work we describe a self-polymerizing protectant comprising an inorganic salt and a small hydroxy functional molecule such as glycerol. This forms co-ordinate polymer chains of high T(g) on drying but rapidly depolymerizes into the original components on rehydration. The polymerization process is general for polyhydroxy compounds including glucose and related compounds.
Fluorine-free ionic liquid electrolytes for sustainable neodymium recovery using an electrochemical approach
Publisher: Royal Society of Chemistry (RSC)
Date: 2021
DOI: 10.1039/D1GC00361E
Abstract: The application of a fluorine-free ionic liquid electrolyte has enabled cleaner and sustainable Nd recovery via electrodeposition.
Organic ionic plastic crystal electrolytes; a new class of electrolyte for high efficiency solid state dye-sensitized solar cells
Publisher: Royal Society of Chemistry (RSC)
Date: 2011
DOI: 10.1039/C1EE01062J
The electrochemistry and performance of cobalt-based redox couples for thermoelectrochemical cells
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 04-2018
Molecular simulation study of CO2 and N2 absorption in a phosphonium based organic ionic plastic crystal
Publisher: AIP Publishing
Date: 28-09-2017
DOI: 10.1063/1.4993654
Abstract: An organic ionic plastic crystal (OIPC), methyl(diethyl)isobutylphosphonium hexafluorophosphate [P122i4][PF6], was investigated for CO2 and N2 absorption using molecular simulations. Ab initio calculations showed that both the cation and anion exhibit larger binding energy for CO2 compared with N2. The CO2 absorption, as calculated from classical molecular dynamics simulations, increased by a factor of 7.5 from 275 K to 325 K, while that of N2 showed low absorption at both temperatures. The simulations suggest that the significant increase in CO2 absorption at 325 K is attributed to a higher degree of disorder and increase in the free volume due to the gas/solid interfaces. While the ab initio calculations were helpful in identifying specific interaction sites on the constituent ions, the classical MD simulations elucidated the importance of interfaces in gas absorption studies in this material. The results show that the OIPC can be a promising material for CO2 separations from CO2/N2 mixture.
Ionic liquids for renewable thermal energy storage – a perspective
Publisher: Royal Society of Chemistry (RSC)
Date: 2022
DOI: 10.1039/D1GC03420K
Abstract: This Perspective discusses the evolution and promise of the emerging application of ionic liquids for renewable thermal energy storage.
PEDOT-Coated Counter Electrodes for Dye-Sensitized Solar Cells
Publisher: CSIRO Publishing
Date: 2009
DOI: 10.1071/CH09006
Abstract: Poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) (PEDOT)-coated counter electrodes for dye-sensitized solar cells have been prepared at ambient temperature and without the use of iron-based oxidants, using an ionic liquid for the synthesis of the PEDOT. These electrodes show comparable electrocatalytic performance with conventional Pt-coated counter electrodes (solar cell efficiencies .5%).
An environmentally friendly in situ plasma and anodization method to produce titanium dioxide nanotubes
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 17-08-2018
Efficient and Stable Solid-State Dye-Sensitized Solar Cells by the Combination of Phosphonium Organic Ionic Plastic Crystals with Silica
Publisher: American Chemical Society (ACS)
Date: 04-09-2018
Abstract: Remarkably efficient quasi-solid-state dye-sensitized solar cells (DSSCs) have been fabricated using organic ionic plastic crystal electrolytes based on a small triethyl(methyl)phosphonium [P
Exploring the influence of the cation type and polymer support in bis(fluorosulfonyl)imide-based plastic crystal composite membranes for CO2/N2separation
Publisher: Royal Society of Chemistry (RSC)
Date: 2021
DOI: 10.1039/D1TA07831C
Abstract: A range of organic ionic plastic crystal-based composites for CO 2 separation are reported. A variety of analytical techniques were used to elucidate the influence of ion and polymer type on the properties and gas separation performance.
Conformational Dynamics in an Organic Ionic Plastic Crystal
Publisher: American Chemical Society (ACS)
Date: 16-05-2017
Abstract: Understanding the short-range molecular motions of organic ionic plastic crystals is critical for the application of these materials as solid-state electrolytes in electrochemical devices such as lithium batteries. However, the theory of short-range-motions was originally developed for simple molecular plastic crystals and does not take account of strong interionic interactions that are present in organic ionic plastic crystals. Here we report a fundamental investigation of the dynamic behavior of an archetypal ex le triethyl(methyl)phosphonium bis(fluorosulfonyl)amide ([P
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