ORCID Profile
0000-0002-4194-4724
Current Organisation
University of Tasmania
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Publisher: Hindawi Limited
Date: 24-08-2020
DOI: 10.1155/2020/5014916
Abstract: Background . Postspinal hypotension is the most common complication after spinal anesthesia for cesarean section (CS). Hypotension mainly occurs due to the reductions of vascular tone leading to decreased systemic vascular resistance and decreased venous return. The aim of this study was to assess the effectiveness of leg elevation (LE) as a method of prevention of postspinal hypotension in patients who undergo cesarean section under spinal anesthesia. Methods . This is a single-center parallel-randomized controlled trial study, and 52 full-term parturients scheduled for elective cesarean section who meets inclusion criteria were included in the study. The randomization sequence was created by a researcher not participating in patient management using a computer random generator. The participant was randomly assigned to the leg elevation group ( n = 26) or to the control group ( n = 26) of usual perioperative care. Results . The proportions of patients who develop hypotension are lower (8 (33.3%)) in the leg elevation group than the control group (15 (62.5%)) with an X 2 (1, N = 48) = 4.09, P = 0.043 . The relative risk of developing postspinal hypotension in the leg elevation group compared to the control group was 0.47 (95% CI, 0.28–1.00). The proportion of severe hypotension was significantly decreased in the leg elevation group at a P value of 0.02. Conclusion . Performing leg elevation immediately after spinal anesthesia reduced the incidence of hypotension. The trial is registered with PACTR201908713181850 .
Publisher: Frontiers Media SA
Date: 23-02-2022
Abstract: Dyslipidemia is a common public health problem in Africa. It has emerged as an important cardiovascular risk factor. It has been steadily increasing due to economic growth, urbanization, and unhealthy dietary pattern. Therefore, it is essential to identify determinants of dyslipidemia to prevent the condition and reduce its long-term sequel. Combinations of search terms with Boolean operators were used to retrieve studies from PubMed, EMBASE, Cochrane Database, Cinahl, Scopus, Mednar, and Google Scholar. The methodological quality of each article was evaluated based on the 2017 Joanna Briggs Institute (JBI) Critical Appraisal checklist for prevalence studies. After evaluation of each study against these criteria, studies with a minimum score of 7 or above out of 9 JBI checklists were included. We included articles presented in the English language. The Cochrane Q test was used to assess the heterogeneity across studies. The visual assessment of publication bias was done by creating a funnel plot. The possible causes of heterogeneity were explored by subgroup analyses. Egger's weighted regression test was used to assess the presence of publication bias. Statistical analyses were done by using the STATA software version 14. A total of 24 articles involving 37,902 participants from 10 African countries were included. The overall pooled prevalence of dyslipidemia was 52.8 (95% CI 40.8–64.9). In iduals with a body mass index (BMI) & .0 kg/m 2 and waist circumference (WC) & cm were, respectively, 2.36 (95% CI (1.33–4.18), p & 0.001) and 2.33 (95% CI (0.75–0.29) p & 0.001) times more likely to develop dyslipidemia than those with lower values. Furthermore, patients with diabetes mellitus (DM) and hypertension (HTN) were 2.32 (95% CI (0.89–6.05) p & 0.001) and 2.05 (95% CI (1.31–3.21), p & 0.001) times more likely to present with dyslipidemia than non-diabetic patients and those without HTN. This study revealed that the prevalence of dyslipidemia is relatively high among study participants in African countries and the independent predictors of dyslipidemia were BMI & .0 kg/m 2 , WC & 94 cm, raised blood glucose level, and raised blood pressure. Therefore, there should be a pressing public health measure to prevent, identify, and treat dyslipidemia with the special emphasis on obese, diabetic, and hypertensive patients.
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 09-2022
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 2020
Publisher: Frontiers Media SA
Date: 09-02-2022
Abstract: Cesarean section (CS) has been one of the most frequently performed major surgical interventions and causes severe postoperative pain. Spinal opioid and abdominal field block have been investigated as effective analgesia for postoperative pain and reduce the need for systemic medications and associated side effects. The aim of the current study is to compare spinal morphine (SM) and bilateral landmark oriented transversus abdominis plane (TAP) block for postoperative pain management. In this randomized controlled trial, 114 pregnant mothers scheduled for CS under spinal anesthesia were allocated randomly to receive either SM 0.1 mg (group SM n = 56) or bilateral landmark-oriented TAP block with 20 ml of 0.25% of bupivacaine (group TAP n = 52). A comparison of numerical variables between study groups was done using unpaired student t -test and Mann–Whitney test for symmetric and asymmetric data, respectively. Time to event variable was analyzed by using Kaplan–Meir's survival function. A p -value of & 0.05 was considered statistically significant. A total of 114 patients were recruited and randomly assigned and received interventions. Among them, 108 patients completed this study. Time to first analgesic request was significantly shorter in the TAP block compared to SM. Twenty-four-hour median morphine consumption was reduced in the SM group compared to the TAP block ( p & 0.001). Median postoperative pain score during movement and rest shows statistically significant differences between groups ( p & 0.001). The addition of preservative-free 100 μg SM provides prolonged postoperative analgesia time, superior postoperative analgesia, and less postoperative opioid consumption compared to the TAP block.
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 2020
Publisher: SAGE Publications
Date: 2021
DOI: 10.1177/20503121211034389
Abstract: An emerging respiratory disease abbreviated as coronavirus disease 2019 was first reported in December 2019 in Wuhan city of China. The virus is zoonotic and tends to be transmitted between animals to humans and humans to humans. The major route of transmission of coronavirus disease 2019 is droplet and close contact. The Ethiopian Ministry of Health has initiated training for health care workers at a different level. Thus, the main objective of this study is to assess the knowledge, attitudes, and practices of health workers in Ethiopia toward coronavirus disease 2019 and its prevention techniques. An institution-based multicenter cross-sectional study was conducted in each of eight teaching and referral hospitals. A total of 422 Ethiopian healthcare workers were selected for the assessment of knowledge, attitude, and practice toward coronavirus disease 2019. Data were collected using a structured questionnaire. A logistic regression model was used to identify factors associated with the attitude and knowledge of healthcare workers toward coronavirus disease 2019 at a significance level of p 0.05. Three hundred ninety-seven healthcare workers participated in the study, with a response rate of 94%. Among these, 88.2% and 94.7% of respondents had good knowledge and positive attitudes, respectively. A respondent with a history of chronic medical illness (odds ratio: 0.193, 95% confidence interval: 0.063–0.593), social media, telecommunication, and television/radio as a source of information were significantly associated with knowledge (odds ratio: 3.4, 95% confidence interval: 1.5–7.4, OR: 4.3, 95% confidence interval: 1.3–14.3 and odds ratio: 3.2, 95% confidence interval: 1.4–7.2). In addition, respondents with a history of chronic medical illness were significantly associated with a negative attitude toward coronavirus disease 2019. The knowledge and attitude were good while the practice was relatively low. Sources of information such as social media, telecommunication, and television/radio were positively associated with healthcare workers' knowledge about coronavirus disease 2019.
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 2019
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 2020
Publisher: Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)
Date: 19-10-2020
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 08-2022
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 2020
Publisher: Research Square Platform LLC
Date: 04-03-2020
DOI: 10.21203/RS.3.RS-16055/V1
Abstract: Background Caesarean delivery (CD) has been one of the most frequently performed major surgical interventions, and causes severe postoperative pain. Abdominal field blocks like TAP block are mostly preferred as post-operative analgesia for this operation. Using different adjuvants like dexamethasone by different routes increases the quality and duration of block and maximizes patient satisfaction. The objective of this study was to compare the effectiveness between perineural and intravenous dexamethasone as an adjuvant on bilateral transversus abdominis plane block for post cesarean delivery pain control. Methodology An institutional based prospective cohort study was conducted on 87 patients. Study participants were selected by systematic random s ling technique. Data collection methods include preoperative chart review, intraoperative observation and postoperative patient interview at 4 th , 6 th , 8 th , 12 th and 24 th hours. Sociodemographic variable were analyzed by ANOVA and chi square test. Kruskal Wallis with post hoc analysis was used to compare post-operative severity of pain score and cumulative analgesic consumption. Time to first analgesic request was analyzed using Kaplan Meier survival analysis with log rank. Categorical variable were analyzed by chi square. Result Time to first analgesic request was significantly longer in TAP-IVD and TAP-PD compared to TAP alone (p 0.05). The postoperative NRS score at rest and on coughing were significantly lowered in TAP-PD and TAP-IVD group compared to TAP alone group (p .05).The total analgesic consumption in the first 24h was significantly lower in TAP-IVD and TAP-PD group compared to TAP alone group (p 0.05). Conclusion and recommendation dexamethasone 8mg both intravenously and perineurally is effective adjuvant to bupivacaine on bilateral TAP block with prolonged and potent analgesia and reduced analgesic consumption. Based on our finding we recommend use of dexamethasone as an adjuvant to bupivacaine on bilateral transversus abdominis plane block.
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 2020
Publisher: African Journals Online (AJOL)
Date: 09-02-2021
DOI: 10.4314/AAS.V18I1.3
Abstract: Background: Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is a common cause of mortality and disability in young age populations, particularly in children and adolescents. The objective of this systematic review and metaanalysis was to assess the prevalence of TBI among trauma patients in Ethiopia. Methods: A three-stage search strategy was conducted on PubMed/Medline, Science Direct and African Journals Online, and a grey literature search was conducted on Google Scholar. Data were analyzed with R version 3.6.1. Results: The pooled prevalence of TBI in Ethiopia was 20% (95% confidence interval (CI), 11–32). Subgroup analysis revealed that road traffic accident was the commonest mechanism of injury in Ethiopia at 21% (95% IC, 15– 30), next was assault at 18% (95% CI, 5–48). Conclusion: This review shows a high prevalence of TBI among trauma patients in Ethiopia when compared with continental and global reports. Policymakers and stakeholders should work on regulatory laws on transportation pre-hospital emergency medical care system is also in high demand.Keywords: Head injury, Road traffic accident, Assault, Ethiopia
Publisher: Public Library of Science (PLoS)
Date: 13-08-2020
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Date: 23-10-2020
Publisher: Public Library of Science (PLoS)
Date: 07-07-2022
DOI: 10.1371/JOURNAL.PONE.0268318
Abstract: Spinal anesthesia with bupivacaine has side effects such as hypotension, respiratory depression, vomiting, and shivering. The side effects are dose-dependent, therefore different approaches have been attempted to avoid spinal-induced complications including lowering the dose of local anesthetic and mixing it with additives like Neuraxial opioids. To compare the Hemodynamic and analgesic effects of intrathecal fentanyl as an adjuvant with low and conventional doses of bupivacaine in patients undergoing elective cesarean section under spinal anesthesia. An institutional-based prospective cohort study was conducted on 90 patients. Data was collected with chart review, intraoperative observation, and postoperatively patient interview. Data was entered into EPI INFO and transport to SPSS version 23 for analysis of variables using one-way ANOVA, Kruskal Wallis H rank test, and chi-square. Hypotension but not bradycardia, was significantly frequent in a conventional dose of bupivacaine alone (CB) group and a conventional dose of bupivacaine with fentanyl (CBF) groups than that of the lower dose of bupivacaine with fentanyl (LBF) groups. Duration of analgesia was significantly longer in LBF (248± 35.6 minutes) and in CBF groups (260.3±40.3 minutes) than in CB group (167.10 ± 31.45 minutes). Time for the first analgesic request was significantly later in LBF (304±47.8 minutes) and CBF (294.6±99.5 minutes) groups than that in CB group (177±25.88 minutes). The Lower dose of bupivacaine is associated with less risk of hypotension and faster recovery. Adding fentanyl with the lower dose of bupivacaine in spinal anesthesia for cesarean section could provide comparable anesthesia with the lower risk of hypotension and longer postoperative analgesia.
Publisher: Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)
Date: 04-2023
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 08-2022
Publisher: Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)
Date: 05-2022
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Date: 12-2020
DOI: 10.2147/IJGM.S276878
Publisher: Medknow
Date: 2019
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Date: 2021
DOI: 10.2147/RMHP.S277904
Publisher: Research Square Platform LLC
Date: 22-05-2020
DOI: 10.21203/RS.3.RS-29437/V1
Abstract: Background: An emerging respiratory disease was abbreviated as COVID 19, after it has been first reported in December 2019 in Wuhan city of China. The virus is zoonotic which has a tendency to be transmitted between animal to human and human to human. The major route of transmission of COVID-19 is droplet and close contact. Ethiopian ministry of health has initiated training for health care workers at a different level. WHO and CDC also initiated a multidisciplinary approach to tackle COVID-19 of which awareness creation is the main. Thus, the main objective of this study is to assess knowledge, attitude, and practices of health workers in Ethiopia towards COVID-19 and its prevention techniques. Method : an institutional-based multicenter cross-sectional study was conducted in each of eight teaching and referral hospitals. A total of 422 Ethiopian healthcare workers were selected for the assessment of knowledge, attitude, and practice towards COVID-19. Socio-demographic characteristics and data related to the KAP of the participants were collected using a structured questionnaire Logistic regression model was used to identify factors associated with the attitude and knowledge of healthcare workers towards COVID-19 at a significance level of p .05. Result : Three hundred ninety-seven healthcare workers participated in the study with a response rate of 94%. Among these, 88.2% and 94.7% of respondents had good knowledge and positive attitude respectively. A respondent with history of chronic medical illness (OR: 0.193, 95% CI: 0.063-0.593), social media, telecommunication, and television/radio as a source of information were significantly associated with knowledge (OR: 3.4, 95% CI: 1.5-7.4, OR: 4.3, 95% CI: 1.3-14.3 and OR: 3.2, 95% CI: 1.4-7.2). Additionally respondent with history of chronic medical illness was significantly associated with negative attitude towards COVID-19. Conclusion: The overall level of knowledge and attitude was good. However, the practice was relatively low. Source of information like social media, telecommunication, and television/radio were positively associated with healthcare workers' knowledge about COVID-19. Strategies for enhancing the capacity of healthcare workers to develop practice are needed. Keyword: COVID-19, Knowledge, Attitude, Practice, Healthcare worker, Ethiopia
Publisher: African Journals Online (AJOL)
Date: 09-2020
Abstract: BACKGROUND: Injury has become a life threatening community health problem associated with significant mortality and morbidity worldwide. The aim of this study was to assess the burden of injury in Dilla University Hospital.METHODS: Institution-based retrospective cross-sectional study was conducted from January 2015 to June 2019. Data was collected using questionnaire adapted from WHO injury surveillance guideline. Bivariate and multivariate logistic regressions were performed to determine the factors associated with hospital mortality.RESULTS: Road traffic accident was the commonest cause of injury 178(47.3%) followed by interpersonal violence 113(30.1%). Revised trauma score (RTS) 10 (AOR=2.5 95% CI, 1.8-25.6), Glasgow coma scale (GCS) (AOR =0.3 95% CI, 0.13-0.5), length of hospitalization (LOS) 1-7 days (AOR=0.1 95% CI, 0.01-0.8) and time of arrival hr were predictors of mortality in a patient with injury.CONCLUSION: Lower extremity injury was common and mostly associated with RTA. Pre-hospital emergency medical service system and trauma registry need to be established to decrease the burden of injury.
No related grants have been discovered for BEDRU JEMAL ABAFITA.