ORCID Profile
0000-0002-2397-5930
Current Organisations
University of Gondar College of Medicine and Health Sciences
,
University of Tasmania
,
University of Gondar
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Publisher: Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory
Date: 11-12-2018
DOI: 10.1101/493916
Abstract: Background: Iron deficiency is the leading nutrient deficiency in the world affecting the lives of more than 2 billion people, accounting to over 30% of the world’s population. Pregnant women are particularly at high risk of iron and folic acid deficiency. Objective The aim of this study was to assess Adherence to Iron and folic acid supplement during pregnancy and its associated factors among pregnant women attending antenatal care. Methods Institution based cross-sectional study was employed from February 2016 to March 2017. Systematic random s ling technique was used to select the study participants. Data was collected using a structured and pretested interviewer-administered questionnaire. Bivariable and multivariable logistic regression analysis were used to identify associated factors with Adherence to prenatal iron and folic acid supplement among pregnant women. An adjusted odds ratio with a 95% confidence interval was computed to determine the level of significance. Those variables with a p-value less than 0.05 had been considered as significant. Result Adherence to Iron and folic acid was 28.7% with 95% C.I. (24.3, 33.6%). Educational status of mothers(AOR= 9.27 (95%CI: 2.47, 34.71), Educational status of husband (AOR= 0.31(95% CI: 0.11,0.88), Mothers who had a family size of four(AOR=3.70(1.08,12.76), Mothers who had family size of five and above (AOR= 4.88(95% CI: 1.20, 19.85),Mothers who had 2500-3500 birr household average monthly income (AOR= 0.46(95% CI: 0.24,0.89), Mothers who had registered at 17-24weeks with (AOR=0.40(95% CI: 0.22-0.74), registered at 25-28weeks (AOR=0.20(95% CI 0.10, 0.41), Mothers who had collected their iron and folic acid started at first visit at first month of pregnancy and duration of iron and folic acid is taken (AOR= 2.42(95% CI:1.05, 5.58) had significant association with iron and folic acid adherence. Conclusion and recommendation Adherence of Iron and folic acid was relatively low. Maternal and husband education status, family size, registration time, economic status and first visit in the first month with duration of iron and folic acid taken were factors significantly associated with adherence to iron and folic acid supplement. Educating pregnant mothers, improving economic status, early ANC registration can improve adherence to iron and folic acid supplement.
Publisher: SAGE Publications
Date: 30-09-2021
DOI: 10.1177/10781552211040490
Abstract: Studies have shown that cytotoxic drugs are dangerous to health care workers. Health care professionals’ attitude to cytotoxic drugs is vital to apply safety protocols in the prevention of cytotoxicity. The current study aimed to assess health professionals’ desirable attitude and associated factors toward cytotoxic drugs handling in the University of Gondar Specialized Hospital. An institution-based cross-sectional study was conducted on 412 health professionals from June to August 2019. Simple random s ling was used to select participants and a self-administered questionnaire was used to collect data. Epi Info and SPSS 20 were used for data entry and analysis, respectively. Variables with a p value 0.05 were declared as determinants. The number of health professionals included was approximately 412. The mean age of participants was 29.9 ± 5.4 years. The proportion of participants with desirable attitude toward cytotoxic drugs handling was 224 (54.4%) (95% confidence interval: 51.95–56.85). Male (adjusted odds ratio = 1.69, 95% confidence interval:[1.08–2.65]), work experience of 5–8 years (adjusted odds ratio = 1.92, 95% confidence interval: [1.10–3.34]), weekly working hours of 44–55 (adjusted odds ratio = 2.25, 95% confidence interval: [1.02–4.96]), medium work stress (adjusted odds ratio = 1.67, 95% confidence interval: [1.01–2.69]), and good practice of cytotoxic drug handling (adjusted odds ratio = 1.67, 95% confidence interval: [1.04–2.67]) were significantly associated with the attitude of health professionals. A significant proportion of health care workers did not have desirable attitude to handle cytotoxic drugs. Thus, strategies are suggested to improve the positive attitude of health professionals to cytotoxic drug handling. Female health professionals, those who had work experience of less than 2 years and those with higher work stress demand special attention.
Publisher: BMJ
Date: 20-02-2020
DOI: 10.1136/INJURYPREV-2019-043484
Abstract: Drowning is a leading cause of injury-related mortality globally. Unintentional drowning (International Classification of Diseases (ICD) 10 codes W65-74 and ICD9 E910) is one of the 30 mutually exclusive and collectively exhaustive causes of injury-related mortality in the Global Burden of Disease (GBD) study. This study’s objective is to describe unintentional drowning using GBD estimates from 1990 to 2017. Unintentional drowning from GBD 2017 was estimated for cause-specific mortality and years of life lost (YLLs), age, sex, country, region, Socio-demographic Index (SDI) quintile, and trends from 1990 to 2017. GBD 2017 used standard GBD methods for estimating mortality from drowning. Globally, unintentional drowning mortality decreased by 44.5% between 1990 and 2017, from 531 956 (uncertainty interval (UI): 484 107 to 572 854) to 295 210 (284 493 to 306 187) deaths. Global age-standardised mortality rates decreased 57.4%, from 9.3 (8.5 to 10.0) in 1990 to 4.0 (3.8 to 4.1) per 100 000 per annum in 2017. Unintentional drowning-associated mortality was generally higher in children, males and in low-SDI to middle-SDI countries. China, India, Pakistan and Bangladesh accounted for 51.2% of all drowning deaths in 2017. Oceania was the region with the highest rate of age-standardised YLLs in 2017, with 45 434 (40 850 to 50 539) YLLs per 100 000 across both sexes. There has been a decline in global drowning rates. This study shows that the decline was not consistent across countries. The results reinforce the need for continued and improved policy, prevention and research efforts, with a focus on low- and middle-income countries.
Publisher: Hindawi Limited
Date: 02-06-2019
DOI: 10.1155/2019/5863737
Abstract: Background . Iron deficiency is the leading nutrient deficiency globally affecting the lives of more than two billion people worldwide. Pregnant women are at higher risk of iron and folic acid deficiency due to lack of iron and folic acid or due to poor adherence. Adherence to iron and folic acid supplement is taking 65% or more of the recommended supplement, equivalent to taking the supplement at least 4 days a week during 3 months period using recording, reporting, and checking cards. Objective . The current study aimed at assessing adherence to iron and folic acid supplement during pregnancy and its associated factors among pregnant women attending antenatal care. Methods . Institution based cross-sectional study was conducted from February to March 2017. Systematic random s ling technique was used to select the study subjects. Data were collected using structured and pretested interviewer-administered questionnaire. Bivariable and multivariable logistic regression analysis were used to identify factors associated with adherence to iron and folic acid supplement among pregnant women. Adjusted odds ratio (AOR) with a 95% confidence interval (CI) was used to display the level of significance. Variables with a p-value less than 0.05 had been considered statistically significant. Result . Adherence to iron and folic acid in the current study was 28.7% with 95% CI (24.3, 33.6%). Educational status of mothers (AOR= 9.27 (95%CI: 2.47, 34.71)), educational status of husband (AOR= 0.31(95% CI: 0.11,0.88)), family size of four (AOR=3.70(95%CI: 1.08,12.76)), family size of five and above (AOR= 4.88(95% CI: 1.20, 19.85)), mothers who had 2500-3500 Ethiopian birr household average monthly income (AOR= 0.46(95% CI: 0.24,0.89)), mothers who had registered at 17-24 weeks of gestation (AOR=0.40(95% CI: 0.22-0.74)) and registered at 25-28 weeks (AOR=0.20(95% CI 0.10, 0.41)), and mothers who had collected their iron and folic acid starting at first visit at first month of pregnancy (AOR= 2.42(95% CI:1.05, 5.58)) had significant association with iron and folic acid adherence. Conclusion and Recommendation . Adherence of iron and folic acid was only 28.7% in the current study. Maternal and husband education status, family size, registration time, economic status, and first visit in the first month with duration of iron and folic acid taken were factors significantly associated with adherence to iron and folic acid supplement. Therefore, anaemia prevention strategy via improved iron and folic acid supplement adherence should comprise strategies of educating pregnant mothers, improving economic status, and early antenatal care (ANC) registration that can improve adherence to iron and folic acid supplement.
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 12-2020
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Date: 03-2020
DOI: 10.2147/PHMT.S238392
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Date: 12-2019
DOI: 10.2147/PHMT.S233337
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 03-02-2022
DOI: 10.1186/S12886-022-02292-3
Abstract: Visual impairment is a functional limitation of the eye(s) that results in reduced visual acuity, visual field loss, visual distortion, perceptual difficulties, or any combination of the above. Type 2 diabetes mellitus is one of the common causes of visual impairment. Since there is no study conducted in Ethiopia so far in this regard, the current study aimed to determine the prevalence and predictors of visual impairment among people living with diabetes at Dessie town Hospitals, Northeast Ethiopia. Institution based cross-sectional study was carried out from 15 February to 15 March 2020 using simple random s ling to recruit study participants among type 2 diabetes. Visual impairment was measured using visual acuity test. We used Epi Data 3.1 and SPSS version 22 for data entry and statistical analysis, respectively. Bi-variable binary logistic regression was performed to check independent association of each factor with visual impairment. After selecting candidate variables at p 0.25, we computed multivariable binary logistic regression to identify statistically associated factors of visual impairment. The degree of association was determined using adjusted odds ratio with 95%CI. In the final model, statistical significance was declared at p 0.05. Three hundred and twenty-two people living with T2DM participated in this study with 97% response rate. The prevalence of visual impairment was 37.58% (95% CI: 32.3, 42.9). Age (AOR: 1.06, 95% CI: 1.02, 1.09, p or = 0.001), poor regular exercise (AOR = 2.91, 95%CI: 1.47–5.76, p or = 0.001), duration of DM above 5 years (AOR = 2.42, 95% CI: 1.25–4.73, p or = 0.01), insulin treatment (AOR = 14.05, 95% CI: 2.72, 72.35, p or = 0.01), and poor glycemic control (AOR = 2.17, 95% CI: 1.13–4.14, p 0.05) were statistically associated with visual impairment. The prevalence of visual impairment in Dessie town hospitals accounted for more than a third of patients living with T2DM. Visual impairment is associated with increased age, poor regular exercise, longer duration of DM, and insulin treatment. Thus, early detection of VI through screening and regular follow-up is recommended to reduce the risk of VI and vision loss.
Publisher: PAGEPress Publications
Date: 23-12-2020
DOI: 10.4081/MRM.2020.710
Abstract: Acute respiratory infections are a serious public health concern across the globe, they are, however, prominently present in Sub-Saharan Africa. In Ethiopia, different primary studies were conducted in regard to the link between household biomass fuel use and acute respiratory infections among under-five children. However, there is no national study on the association between household biomass fuel use and acute respiratory infections among under-five children. Thus, the aim of this systematic review and meta-analysis to estimate the pooled prevalence of acute respiratory infections and its predictors among under-five children in Ethiopia.The systematic review was reported according to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analysis (PRISMA) guideline. We systematically searched the databases: PubMed/Medline, Cochrane library, Google Scholar, Web of Science, and Scopus were searched to access potentially relevant articles conducted in Ethiopia about acute respiratory infections among under five children. Stata/SE 14.00 statistical software was used for analysis and the pooled prevalence with 95% confidence interval (CI) were presented using tables and forest plots. To assess the heterogeneity among studies, I square (I2) tests were used. Publication bias was checked by Begg’s and Egger’s regression test. The random effects meta-analysis model was employed to estimate the pooled prevalence and predictors of under-five acute respiratory infectionsA total of 7 studies with 8,529 study participants were included in this meta-analysis. The pooled prevalence of acute respiratory infection was 17.75% (95% CI: 16.95, 18.55). Child holding during cooking (OR: 2.84, 95% CI: 1.48, 5.47) and using unclean sources of energy for cooking (OR: 0.38, 95% CI: 0.21, 0.70) were identified predictors of under-five children acute respiratory infection.In the current study, the pooled prevalence of acute respiratory infection among under-five children was relatively high. Child holding during cooking and using unclean sources of energy for cooking were significantly associated with under five acute respiratory infections. Therefore, the policies and regulations enacted should address the barriers that impede the development of clean and efficient energy sources.
Publisher: Hindawi Limited
Date: 07-2020
DOI: 10.1155/2020/3619494
Abstract: Background . Pediculus capitis is a human head lice infestation, a major public health issue that is most prevalent in resource-limited countries globally. The current study aimed to assess the knowledge, attitude, and practice of pediculus capitis prevention and control and their predictors among schoolchildren in North West Ethiopia. Methods . About 402 randomly selected schoolchildren from three schools in Woreta town participated in the study from April to June 2018. The outcomes of this study were knowledge, attitude, and self-reported practice of schoolchildren about pediculus capitis prevention and control. We used EPI Info 7.1 and SPSS 21 software for data entry and analysis, respectively. Binary logistic regression was employed to test the association of covariates with the outcome/response variables. Variables with a p value .2 during the bivariable binary logistic regression analysis were included in the multivariable binary logistic regression analysis. Variables with p value .05 were declared as significantly associated with outcomes. Results . The mean age of the study participants was 10.19 (±1.62) years. About 58.8%, 45.8%, and 78.6% of the schoolchildren had better self-reported pediculus capitis prevention knowledge, attitude, and practice, respectively. Age of children [9 to 11 years ( AOR = 2.24 , 95% C.I (1.10, 4.55)) and years ( AOR = 3.84 , 95% C.I (1.56, 9.46))], better practice ( AOR = 2.93 , 95% C.I (1.39, 6.18)), and those who were not infested ( AOR = 2.25 , 95% C.I (1.14, 4.44)) were predictors of knowledge regarding pediculus capitis prevention. Better practice ( AOR = 4.33 , 95% C.I (1.69, 11.09)) and absence of infestation ( AOR = 2.97 , 95% C.I (1.64, 5.36)) were predictors of attitude of schoolchildren about pediculus capitis prevention. Number of students in a class [51 to 56 students per classroom, AOR = 4.61 , 95% C.I (1.83, 11.67) 57 to 58 students per classroom, AOR = 8.18 , 95% C.I (2.73, 24.46)], less than five family size ( AOR = 2.37 , 95% C.I (1.24, 4.54)), better knowledge ( AOR = 2.93 , 95% C.I (1.32, 6.50)), desirable attitude ( AOR = 4.24 , 95% C.I (1.60, 11.23)), and absence of infestation ( AOR = 3.52 , 95% C.I (1.22, 10.15)) were predictors of self-reported pediculus capitis prevention practice. Conclusion . The knowledge, attitude, and practice of schoolchildren regarding pediculus capitis prevention and control were not satisfactory. To bring change, intensive efforts on factors associated with the knowledge, attitude, and practice should be encouraged.
Publisher: Public Library of Science (PLoS)
Date: 28-05-2021
DOI: 10.1371/JOURNAL.PONE.0251670
Abstract: The occurrence of the Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) affects the mental health situation of almost everyone, including University students who spent most of their time at home due to the closure of the Universities. Therefore, this study aimed at assessing depression, anxiety, stress and identifying their associated factors among university students in Ethiopia during the early stage of the COVID-19 pandemic. We invited students to complete an online survey using Google forms comprising consent, socio-demographic characteristics, and the standard validated depression, anxiety, and stress scale (DASS-21) questionnaire. After completion of the survey from June 30 to July 30, 2020, we exported the data into SPSS 22. Both descriptive and analytical statistics were computed. Associated factors were identified using binary logistic regression and variables with a p-value .05 were declared as statistically significant factors with the outcome variables. A total of 423 students completed the online survey. The prevalence of depression, anxiety, and stress in this study was 46.3%, 52%, and 28.6%, respectively. In the multivariable model, female sex, poor self-efficacy to prevent COVID-19, those who do not read any material about COVID-19 prevention, lack of access to reading materials about their profession, and lack of access to uninterrupted internet access were significantly associated with depression. Female sex, lower ages, students with non-health-related departments, those who do not think that COVID-19 is preventable, and those who do not read any materials about COVID-19 prevention were significantly associated with anxiety. Whereas, being female, students attending 1 st and 2 nd years, those who do not think that COVID-19 is preventable, presence of confirmed COVID-19 patient at the town they are living in, and lack of access to reading materials about their profession were significantly associated with stress. Depression, anxiety, and stress level among University students calls for addressing these problems by controlling the modifiable factors identified and promoting psychological wellbeing of students.
Publisher: Frontiers Media SA
Date: 16-03-2022
DOI: 10.3389/FPUBH.2022.790892
Abstract: Antimicrobial resistance is one of the many health challenges worldwide, particularly in resource-limited countries like Ethiopia. Increasing knowledge of health professionals can reduce the occurrence of antimicrobial resistance. In this study, we determined the antimicrobial resistance knowledge and examined the associated factors among the University of Gondar Hospital health professionals. An institution-based cross-sectional survey was carried out. The s les were randomly recruited. Statistical analysis was performed by using the statistical package for social sciences (SPSS) version 20 after entering the data using Epidemiological information (Epi-Info). To identify associated factors, the authors executed binary logistic regression and multivariate analysis wherein the statistical significance was decided at p & 0.05. Four hundred and twelve health professionals with ages ranging from 20-60 years and mean age of 29.9 years took part in the study. Fifty-three-point-four percent of participants were males. The majority of the total respondents (84.7%, 95% CI: 80.08–88.30) had good knowledge of antimicrobial resistance. It was found that being male (AOR = 1.94, 95% CI: 1.10, 3.52), a work experience of 6–10 years (AOR = 2.45, 95% CI: 1.28, 4.68), having 30–38working hours per week (AOR = 3.93, 95% CI: 1.38, 5.11), and antibiotic intake (AOR = 3.71, 95% CI: 1.75, 7.87) were significant factors of antimicrobial resistance knowledge. In the current study, about 84.5% of health professionals had good knowledge of antimicrobial resistance. Reducing working hours per week and increasing the experience of workers are recommended to increase the knowledge on AMR.
Publisher: Hindawi Limited
Date: 20-02-2021
DOI: 10.1155/2021/8896896
Abstract: Background. Self-care practice is the mainstay of management for good glycemic control. Despite the presence of a few pocket studies, no comprehensive study was conducted in Ethiopia to demonstrate the overall good self-care practice among diabetic patients in Ethiopia. Therefore, we intended to conduct this systematic review and meta-analysis to estimate the overall good self-care practice among people living with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) in Ethiopia. Methods. We systematically searched PubMed, Scopus, Science Direct, Cochrane library, Google scholar, and direct Google to retrieve relevant studies. Forest plot was used to present the pooled estimate of good self-care practice using DerSimonian and Laird’s random-effects model. We checked publication bias using Egger’s test and funnel plot. Potential heterogeneity was tested using the I-squared statistic. Moreover, subgroup and sensitivity analyses were performed. Results. In this review, 12 primary studies (with a total s le size of 4030) were included. Because of the presence of heterogeneity, we employed a random-effects model. After running the random-effects model, the pooled estimate of overall good self-care practice was 51.12% (95% CI: 41.90–60.34). Furthermore, the pooled estimate of good dietary practice was 50.18% (95% CI: 32.75–67.60), good physical exercise practice was 48.29% (95% CI: 34.14–62.43), the good footcare practice was 63.61% (95% CI: 45.56–81.66), and appropriate self-monitoring of the blood glucose level was 31.89% (95% CI: −4.62–68.41). In this meta-analysis, there was serious interstudy variation, but there was no publication bias. Conclusions. The overall good self-care practice among people living with T2DM was low which necessitates the need for designing strategies to increase the self-care practice. The health sector has to bolster awareness creation to allow better plasma glucose control and preventing diabetes-related complications. This trial is registered with CRD42019147694.
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Date: 10-2023
DOI: 10.2147/OPTH.S408171
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Date: 07-2020
DOI: 10.2147/IDR.S257667
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Date: 05-2021
DOI: 10.2147/DMSO.S291674
Publisher: SAGE Publications
Date: 29-03-2022
DOI: 10.1177/10781552221090200
Abstract: Health care professionals are potential to be in contact with cytotoxic drugs during their daily work activities. The study aimed to assess the practice of health professionals to care for cytotoxic drugs and associated factors in the University of Gondar Specialized Hospital. Cross-sectional study design was employed. EPI Info 7 was used for data entry and then exported into SPSS 20 for statistical analysis. Frequencies and mean with standard deviation were computed. Logistic regression had been performed to find out associated factors. Crude’ and adjusted Odds’ ratio with 95% uncertainty interval was done. Variables with a p 0.05 were declared as significant factors for practice of cytotoxic drug handling. The study used four-hundred and twelve health professionals took part in the study with 97.4% response rate. The mean age of study participants was 29.9 years ranging from 20–60 years and twenty (53.4%) participants were males. One hundred and fifty-five (37.6%) health professionals had good cytotoxic drug handling practice. Attending an average of 4–9 patients per day (AOR = 2.12, 95% CI: 1.05, 4.22), Medium work stress (AOR = 2.01, 95% CI: 1.04, 3.90), availability of cytotoxic drug handling manual (AOR = 2.51: 95% CI: 1.22, 5.12), and good knowledge (AOR = 4.09, 95% CI: 2.35, 7.11) were significantly associated with cytotoxic drug handling practice. The practice of cytotoxic drug handling care was low. It demands the engagement of the health sector to avert such inadequate practice and has to focus on delivering knowledge and logistics for the practice of cytotoxic drug handling.
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 06-2020
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 10-2021
DOI: 10.1038/S41591-021-01498-0
Abstract: Anemia is a globally widespread condition in women and is associated with reduced economic productivity and increased mortality worldwide. Here we map annual 2000–2018 geospatial estimates of anemia prevalence in women of reproductive age (15–49 years) across 82 low- and middle-income countries (LMICs), stratify anemia by severity and aggregate results to policy-relevant administrative and national levels. Additionally, we provide subnational disparity analyses to provide a comprehensive overview of anemia prevalence inequalities within these countries and predict progress toward the World Health Organization’s Global Nutrition Target (WHO GNT) to reduce anemia by half by 2030. Our results demonstrate widespread moderate improvements in overall anemia prevalence but identify only three LMICs with a high probability of achieving the WHO GNT by 2030 at a national scale, and no LMIC is expected to achieve the target in all their subnational administrative units. Our maps show where large within-country disparities occur, as well as areas likely to fall short of the WHO GNT, offering precision public health tools so that adequate resource allocation and subsequent interventions can be targeted to the most vulnerable populations.
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 30-07-2019
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 07-2021
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 29-04-2019
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 2021
DOI: 10.1002/TRC2.12200
Abstract: Dementia is currently one of the leading causes of mortality globally, and mortality due to dementia will likely increase in the future along with corresponding increases in population growth and population aging. However, large inconsistencies in coding practices in vital registration systems over time and between countries complicate the estimation of global dementia mortality. We meta‐analyzed the excess risk of death in those with dementia and multiplied these estimates by the proportion of dementia deaths occurring in those with severe, end‐stage disease to calculate the total number of deaths that could be attributed to dementia. We estimated that there were 1.62 million (95% uncertainty interval [UI]: 0.41–4.21) deaths globally due to dementia in 2019. More dementia deaths occurred in women (1.06 million [0.27–2.71]) than men (0.56 million [0.14–1.51]), largely but not entirely due to the higher life expectancy in women (age‐standardized female‐to‐male ratio 1.19 [1.10–1.26]). Due to population aging, there was a large increase in all‐age mortality rates from dementia between 1990 and 2019 (100.1% [89.1–117.5]). In 2019, deaths due to dementia ranked seventh globally in all ages and fourth among in iduals 70 and older compared to deaths from other diseases estimated in the Global Burden of Disease (GBD) study. Mortality due to dementia represents a substantial global burden, and is expected to continue to grow into the future as an older, aging population expands globally.
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 06-2021
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Date: 10-2020
DOI: 10.2147/JIR.S277457
Publisher: Public Library of Science (PLoS)
Date: 19-08-2021
DOI: 10.1371/JOURNAL.PONE.0255369
Abstract: Visual impairment (VI) is a decreased ability to see things which is critical problem for health professionals and students to whom normal vision is essential for their daily activity. If it is not timely managed, visual impairment leads to physical, psychological, and socio-economic malfunctions to the victims and nation. Despite the above impacts, currently there is no study in Ethiopia on this topic. Therefore, this study aimed to determine the prevalence of visual impairment and its associated factors among Medical and Health Science students at the University of Gondar. A cross-sectional study was conducted from January to March 2020 among Medical and Health Science students. After recruiting study participants using systematic random s ling technique, we applied pre-tested self-administered questionnaire for sociodemographic variables and also visual acuity measurement was performed using Snellen chart placed at a distance of 6 meters. Visual acuity tested separately for each eye and for both eyes in a well- illuminated area. Pinhole was used for those participants with a visual acuity of 6/9. Participants with a presenting visual acuity of 6/12 in the better eye were diagnosed as having visual impairment. Epi data version 3.1 and stata version 14 were used for data entry and statistical analysis, respectively. Binary logistic regression was used, and the Adjusted Odds Ratio (AOR) with the 95% Confidence Interval (CI) was reported to declare the statistical significance and strength of association between VI and independent variables. A total of 654 students were screened for visual acuity. The prevalence of visual impairment was 12.5% (95% CI: 10.21, 15.31). Age above 25 years (AOR = 1.8 95% CI: 1.02, 3.26) and current alcohol drinking (AOR = 2.9 95% CI: 1.7, 5.00), were statistically significant factors of visual impairment. The prevalence of visual impairment among medical and health science students was high. Age of study participant and current alcohol consumption were statically significant factors. This study warrants the routine screening of Medical and Health science students for visual impairment.
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 03-06-2021
DOI: 10.1038/S41562-021-01108-6
Abstract: Exclusive breastfeeding (EBF)—giving infants only breast-milk for the first 6 months of life—is a component of optimal breastfeeding practices effective in preventing child morbidity and mortality. EBF practices are known to vary by population and comparable subnational estimates of prevalence and progress across low- and middle-income countries (LMICs) are required for planning policy and interventions. Here we present a geospatial analysis of EBF prevalence estimates from 2000 to 2018 across 94 LMICs mapped to policy-relevant administrative units (for ex le, districts), quantify subnational inequalities and their changes over time, and estimate probabilities of meeting the World Health Organization’s Global Nutrition Target (WHO GNT) of ≥70% EBF prevalence by 2030. While six LMICs are projected to meet the WHO GNT of ≥70% EBF prevalence at a national scale, only three are predicted to meet the target in all their district-level units by 2030.
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 13-04-2020
DOI: 10.1186/S12199-020-00850-Z
Abstract: Currently, cancer is among the leading causes of morbidity and mortality in the world. Exposure to CDs may occur during drug preparation and mixing, during drug administration, during transport, and cleaning spills and waste disposal. Healthcare workers who prepare or administer antineoplastic drugs, or who work in areas where these drugs are used, can be exposed to these agents. This also affects the public around the exposed area if appropriate disposal system is not known. Several studies reported increased risks of leukemia and breast cancer among nurses handling CDs and not following safety guidelines. Because of the absence of studies in Ethiopia, the current study was conducted to determine the knowledge level of cytotoxic drug handling and associated factors among health professionals in the University of Gondar Comprehensive Specialized Hospital. The institutional-based cross-sectional study was conducted from June to August 2019. Epi info 7.1 was used for data entry and then exported into SPSS version 20 for computing, recording, and statistical analysis. Logistic regression was used to explain the relationship with independent variables. Four hundred and twelve health professionals participated in the study with 53.4% males. The participants’ mean age was 29.9 (± 5.43) years ranging from 20–60. Two hundred and twenty-three (54.1%) health professionals heard about cytotoxic drugs, and 52.7% (95% UI 47.8–57.8%) had good knowledge of cytotoxic drug handling. Being male sex (AOR = 1.84, 95% CI (1.13–3.00)), age of 29–31 (AOR = 1.99, 95% CI (1.03–3.84)), hearing information about cytotoxic drug handling (AOR = 2.53, 95% CI (1.43–4.47)), ever attended training on cytotoxic drug handling (AOR = 3.15, 95% CI (1.13–8.79)), ever taking courses related to cytotoxic drugs (AOR = 2.03, 95% CI (1.15–3.59)), and good practice (AOR = 3.24, 95% CI (1.95–5.37)) were significantly associated with knowledge towards cytotoxic drug handling. It is therefore imperative to train health professionals and to incorporate CDs handling related course contents while revising curricula to raise the knowledge of health professionals about proper cytotoxic drug handling. Above half of the study participants scored higher than the median of the cytotoxic drug handling knowledge questions. Sex, age, information about cytotoxic drug handling, training, taking courses related to cytotoxic drugs, and good practice were significantly associated with knowledge towards cytotoxic drugs handling.
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 12-2021
DOI: 10.1186/S12884-021-04302-6
Abstract: Visual impairment is a major public health concern among women of reproductive age groups in Ethiopia, which is getting worse during pregnancy. Though visual impairment has lots of serious consequences across the life course of pregnant women, there is no previous study on this topic in Ethiopia. Thus, this study determined the prevalence of visual impairment and identified associated factors among pregnant women attending antenatal care units at the governmental health institutions in Gondar City Administration, Northwest Ethiopia . An institution-based cross-sectional study was conducted. A systematic random s ling technique was used to recruit the study participants. We used an interviewer-administered questionnaire comprising of socio-demographic, clinical and pregnancy-related variables to collect the required data. Snellen’s illiterate “E” chart was used to determine visual impairment. EpiData 3 and Stata 14 were used for data entry and statistical analysis, respectively. Both bivariable and multivariable binary logistic regression analyses were executed to identify associated factors of visual impairment. Variables with a p -value ≤0.05 in the multivariable logistic regression analysis were declared as statistically significant with visual impairment. A total of 417 (response rate = 98.6%) participants were involved in this study, with a median age of 27 years. The overall prevalence of visual impairment was 22.5% (95% CI: 18.5–26.6). Thirty (7.2%) and thirty-two (7.7%) of the study participants had moderate to severe visual impairments in their right and left eyes, respectively. Participants aged from 31 to 49 years (AOR = 2.1 95% CI: 1.1–4.0), being 3rd trimester (AOR = 2.4 95% CI: 1.3–4.5), multi & grand multipara (AOR = 2.3 95% CI: 1.2–4.6), and history of contraceptive use (AOR = 2.7 95% CI: 1.2–6.3) had higher chance of v isual impairment. The magnitude of visual impairment among pregnant women was high in the study area. Therefore, routine screening and evaluation of pregnant women for visual condition during antenatal care visits is recommended. Further investigations of visual changes, particularly as a result of pregnancy, are warranted.
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 28-02-2020
DOI: 10.1186/S12887-020-1997-2
Abstract: Acute respiratory infection is manifested by cough accompanied by short rapid breathing which may be associated with death especially when there are other co-morbidities. From an estimated 5.4 million children under –five years that died in 2017—roughly half of those deaths occurred in sub-Saharan Africa and acute respiratory infection contributed to the highest number of deaths. The current study aimed at evaluating the prevalence of, and risk factors associated with, acute respiratory infection hospitalization in under-five years children hospitalized at the University of Gondar Comprehensive Specialized Hospital. An institution-based cross-sectional study was carried out from May 01/2019 to July 10/2019. After the selection of participants using simple random s ling, face to face interview was performed using a semi-structured pre-tested questionnaire. Data were also extracted from medical registration charts. We used EPI Info 7 for data entry and exported into SPSS 21 for analysis. Results were presented by simple frequency, percentage and mean for descriptive variables. Binary logistic regression analysis was used to test the association of covariates and outcome variable. Variables with a p 0.2 during the bivariable binary logistic regression analysis were included in the multivariable logistic regression analysis. Variables with p 0.05 were considered as significantly associated with acute respiratory infection. This study is reported following the Strengthening the Reporting of Observational Studies in Epidemiology guideline. Four hundred and twenty-two under-five years’ children attending the Pediatrics ward were included in this study. The prevalence of acute respiratory infection among under-five years’ children in this study was 27.3%. Children aged below 12 months (AOR:3.39, 95% CI: 1.19, 9.65), maternal age of 16 to 27 years (AOR: 1.95, 95% CI: 1.03, 3.70), maternal age of 28 to 33 years (AOR: 2.73, 95% CI: 1.40, 5.34), lack of maternal awareness of handwashing (AOR: 2.79, 95% CI: 1.15, 6.76), rural residence (AOR:2.27, 95% CI: 1.18, 4.39), and lack of meningitis (AOR: 0.22, 95% CI: 0.08, 0.55), were significantly associated with acute respiratory infection. Acute respiratory infection was common among children under-five years. Child and maternal age, residence and maternal hand hygiene information were significant factors identified to be associated with an acute respiratory infection.
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 02-2021
Publisher: Public Library of Science (PLoS)
Date: 26-03-2020
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 13-09-2019
DOI: 10.1186/S13052-019-0713-Z
Abstract: The burden of communicable diseases within developing countries is mainly influenced by poor personal hygiene practices. Hand washing is considered as most cost effective intervention for reducing health problems such as diarrhoea and acute respiratory tract infections. This study aimed to assess hand washing practice at critical times and identify associated factors among mothers of under five children in Debark town. A community based cross-sectional study design was carried out from May 1–20, 2018 in Debark town. After selection of participants using simple random s ling, face to face interview was performed by using semi-structured pre-tested questionnaire. Data were entered into EPI Info 7 and exported into SPSS 21 for further analysis. Results were presented by simple frequency, percentage and mean for descriptive variables. Binary logistic regression analysis was used to test the association of dependent and independent factors. Variables with 95% confidence interval and p ≤ 0.2 during the univariable binary logistic regression analysis were included in the multivariate logistic regression analysis. At the final model variables with p ≤ 0.05 were treated as significantly associated factors of hand washing practice at critical times. Good hand washing practice at critical times was reported in 52.2% (95% CI: 47.5, 57.2%) of study participants. Desirable attitude [AOR = 3.37, 95% CI (2.03, 5.58)], presence of water for washing hands [AOR = 4.86, 95% CI (1.26, 18.69)] and a good knowledge [AOR = 2.98, 95% CI (1.92, 4.60)] were significantly associated factors with hand washing practice at critical times. The hand washing practice at critical times of study participants was found to be low. A significant proportion of mothers of under five children have a poor hand washing practice at critical times. It is necessary to increase the access to water and to improve knowledge and attitude of mothers to improve their hand washing practice at critical times.
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 03-2021
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Date: 05-2021
DOI: 10.2147/JMDH.S312637
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 20-04-2020
DOI: 10.1038/S41591-020-0807-6
Abstract: A double burden of malnutrition occurs when in iduals, household members or communities experience both undernutrition and overweight. Here, we show geospatial estimates of overweight and wasting prevalence among children under 5 years of age in 105 low- and middle-income countries (LMICs) from 2000 to 2017 and aggregate these to policy-relevant administrative units. Wasting decreased overall across LMICs between 2000 and 2017, from 8.4% (62.3 (55.1–70.8) million) to 6.4% (58.3 (47.6–70.7) million), but is predicted to remain above the World Health Organization’s Global Nutrition Target of % in over half of LMICs by 2025. Prevalence of overweight increased from 5.2% (30 (22.8–38.5) million) in 2000 to 6.0% (55.5 (44.8–67.9) million) children aged under 5 years in 2017. Areas most affected by double burden of malnutrition were located in Indonesia, Thailand, southeastern China, Botswana, Cameroon and central Nigeria. Our estimates provide a new perspective to researchers, policy makers and public health agencies in their efforts to address this global childhood syndemic.
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 09-2021
Publisher: Public Library of Science (PLoS)
Date: 30-07-2021
DOI: 10.1371/JOURNAL.PONE.0255094
Abstract: Though institutional delivery plays a significant role in maternal and child health, there is substantial evidence that the majority of rural women have lower health facility delivery than urban women. So, identifying the drivers of these disparities will help policy-makers and programmers with the reduction of maternal and child death. The study used the data on a nationwide representative s le from the most recent rounds of the Demographic and Health Survey (DHS) of four East African countries. A Blinder-Oaxaca decomposition analysis and its extensions was conducted to see the urban-rural differences in institutional delivery into two components: one that is explained by residence difference in the level of the determinants (covariate effects), and the other components was explained by differences in the effect of the covariates on the outcome (coefficient effects). The findings showed that institutional delivery rates were 21.00% in Ethiopia, 62.61% in Kenya, 65.29% in Tanzania and 74.64% in Uganda. The urban-rural difference in institutional delivery was higher in the case of Ethiopia (61%), Kenya (32%) and Tanzania (30.3%), while the gap was relatively lower in the case of Uganda (19.2%). Findings of the Blinder-Oaxaca decomposition and its extension showed that the covariate effect was dominant in all study countries. The results were robust to the different decomposition weighting schemes. The frequency of antenatal care, wealth and parity inequality between urban and rural households explains most of the institutional delivery gap. The urban-rural institutional delivery disparities were high in study countries. By identifying the underlying factors behind the urban-rural institutional birth disparities, the findings of this study help in designing effective intervention measures targeted at reducing residential inequalities and improving population health outcomes. Future interventions to encourage institutional deliveries to rural women of these countries should therefore emphasize increasing rural women’s income, access to health care facilities to increase the frequency of antenatal care utilization.
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 15-08-2019
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 05-09-2020
DOI: 10.1186/S12955-020-01553-3
Abstract: Excessive daytime sleepiness (EDS) is a condition of sleepiness when a person would not be expected to sleep. University students are prone to EDS due to the competitive learning environment and fragmented night sleep. No study was conducted in Ethiopia on EDS. Therefore, this study aimed to determine EDS and its predictors among University of Gondar (UoG) Medical and Health Science students. Institution-based cross-sectional study was carried out on 383 Medical and Health Science students of UoG who were recruited using a computer-generated simple random s ling technique. We used a validated Epworth daytime sleepiness tool to collect data. Epi-Info™ 7 and Stata 14 were used for data entry and analysis, respectively. Bivariable and multivariable binary logistic regression analyses were performed to find out predictors. Odds ratio with 95% uncertainty interval were computed. In the final model, a variable with a p 0.05 was declared as a predictor of EDS. Three hundred and eighty-three students completed the questionnaire. Males were 69.97% and the mean age of participants was 20.79 (±1.83) years. In the current study, the prevalence of EDS was 31.07% (95% UI: 26.62–35.91). The odds of getting EDS was 1.83 (AOR = 1.83, 95% UI: 1.14–2.96) and 1.84 (AOR = 1.84, 95% UI: 1.13–3.00) higher among students who reported night sleep behaviour disorders and depression, respectively. This study revealed that EDS is high and predicted by depression and night sleep behaviour disorders. These findings suggest the need to set preventive strategies such as counselling of students to reduce depression and night sleep behaviour disorders. Further studies particularly qualitative studies are required to find out more factors affecting EDS.
Publisher: BMJ
Date: 27-07-2022
Abstract: Sleep difficulties are common in people with multiple sclerosis (MS), but whether associations between poor sleep quality and quality of life are independent of MS symptoms, obesity and other MS-related factors remains unclear. Cross-sectional analyses of data from the Australian MS Longitudinal Study (n=1717). Sleep was assessed using the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index, Epworth Sleepiness Scale and International Restless Legs Syndrome Study Group Rating Scale health-related quality of life using the Assessment of Quality-of-Life 8-D. Poor sleep quality was common (67%), and more common than in community s les. Sleep measures clustered independently within MS symptoms. The clusters 'fatigue and cognitive', 'feelings of anxiety and depression', 'pain and sensory', were independently associated with poor sleep quality. Quality-of-Life utility scores were a clinically meaningful 0.19 units lower in those with poor sleep. Sleep quality, daytime sleepiness and restless leg syndrome were associated with reduced quality of life, independent of MS-related symptoms and body mass index. Poor sleep quality is common in MS and was strongly associated with worse health-related quality of life, independent of other MS symptoms and did not cluster with other common MS symptoms. Improving sleep quality may substantially improve quality of life in people with MS.
Publisher: Public Library of Science (PLoS)
Date: 12-02-2021
DOI: 10.1371/JOURNAL.PONE.0246174
Abstract: Refractive error is one of the commonly encountered problems during pregnancy and being the cause of deleterious effects on health. Despite its impacts, there is no evidence on the magnitude and associated factors of refractive error among pregnant women in Ethiopia. This study aimed to determine the prevalence of refractive error and its associated factors among pregnant women attending antenatal care unit at the University of Gondar Comprehensive Specialized Hospital, Northwest Ethiopia, 2020. An institution-based cross-sectional study was employed. An ocular examination was performed using Retinoscope and Snellen’s illiterate “E” chart. The required data were collected using an interviewer-administered questionnaire which comprised socio-demographic, clinical and pregnancy-related variables. EpiData 3.02 and STATA 14 were used for data entry and analysis respectively. Both bivariable and multivariable binary logistic regression analyses were executed to identify factors associated with refractive error. Variables with a p-value ≤ 0.05 in the multivariable logistic regression analysis were declared as significantly associated factors with refractive error. A total of 401 pregnant women with a median age of 27 (IQR = 24–31) years participated in this study. The overall prevalence of refractive error among the study participants was 35.66% (95% CI: 30.95–40.37). Of the total study participants, ninety-two (22.90%) of them were myopic, forty-five (11.22%) were hyperopic and the rest were antimetropic. Increased maternal age (AOR = 1.31 95% CI: 1.16–1.48)), increased parity (AOR = 3.17, 95% CI: 1.92–5.25), increased gestational age (AOR = 1.15, 95% CI: 1.08–1.22), and regular use of computers/ watching television (AOR = 6.19, 95% CI: 2.46–15.59) were significantly associated with refractive error. The prevalence of refractive error among pregnant women was high where myopia was the most common variety. Advanced maternal age, increased gestational age, increased parity and regular use of computer or watching television were significantly associated with refractive error among pregnant women. Therefore, apart from providing other maternal health services, routine screening and evaluation of pregnant women for refractive error during antenatal care visit is recommended to avoid its negative impacts.
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 09-05-2022
DOI: 10.1038/S41598-022-11735-2
Abstract: Cognitive impairment and dementia are age-related major public health concerns in the elderly population. It is a major cause of disability, dependency, and poor quality of life. However, in Ethiopia, the magnitude of this cognitive impairment among the elderly community was not investigated. Hence, this study sought to determine the prevalence of cognitive impairment and associated factors among mature and older adults living in the community of Gondar town, Ethiopia, in 2020. A community-based cross-sectional study was conducted at Gondar town, from February 20 to April 30, 2020. Using a single-stage cluster s ling technique, 403 study participants were recruited. Data was collected by a pretested interviewer-administered structured questionnaire which consisting of sociodemographic variables, the Oslo Social Support Scale, and a Standardized Mini-mental State Examination (SMMSE) tool. Epi data version 3.0 was used to enter coded data and then exported into STATA 14 for analysis. Variables with a p-value 0.25 in the bi-variable logistic regression were included in the multivariable regression. From multivariable logistic regression, variables having a p-value ≤ 0.05 were declared as statistically significant variables. In this study, a total of 403 study participants were involved, and 393 (97.5%) of them completed the survey. Among older participants screened for cognitive impairment, 43.8% was positive for cognitive impairment with a 95% CI (38.8–48.7%). The majority of the participants were (57.5%) male and (44.8%) aged over 60 years. After adjustment, the variables associated with cognitive impairment were age ≥ 75 years [odds ratio (OR) = 7.03, 95% CI 2.78–17.77] and between 61 and 74 years [OR = 3.18, 95% CI 1.81–5.59], and unable to read and write [OR = 5.05, 95% CI 2.04–12.50], low income level [OR = 2.60, 95% CI 1.26–5.20], being female [OR = 2.52, 95% CI 1.50–4.26], poor social support [OR = 2.50, 95% CI 1.30–4.81], and rural residence [OR = 2.39, 95% CI 1.26–4.51]. The prevalence of older participants who screened positively for cognitive impairment was high at Gondar town. The independent predictors of cognitive impairment among older in iduals were older age, being unable to read and write, being female, low income, poor social support, and rural dwelling. Therefore, routine screening and social support, as well as free healthcare services for the mature and older community, are needed. Moreover, we strongly recommend the next researcher to use a diagnosis tool to estimate the actual prevalence of the problems among older people.
Publisher: Hindawi Limited
Date: 15-05-2020
DOI: 10.1155/2020/1810836
Abstract: Introduction . Rapid eye movement sleep behavior disorder (RBD) is characterized by dream-enacting behavior (shouting, punching, and falling out of bed) related to unpleasant dreams and loss of normal rapid eye movement (REM) sleep muscle atonia. Rapid eye movement sleep enhances learning and memory by regulating neuronal synapses, and if it is undesirable, it can lead to cognitive impairment and poor academic performance and may end up with death. To the best of our searching databases, there is no such study conducted in Ethiopia. Therefore, this study is aimed at determining self-reported symptoms of RBD and its associated factors among the University of Gondar medicine and health science students (2019). Methods . We conducted a cross-sectional study from June 1 to July 2019, among medicine and health science students at the University of Gondar using a simple random s ling technique. A self-reported RBD screening questionnaire was used to collect the data. We used Epi Info™ 7.0.8.3 and Stata 14 for data entry and statistical analyses, respectively. Descriptive statistics (frequency with percent and mean with standard deviation) and adjusted odds ratio (AOR) with 95% uncertainty interval (UI) were computed. In a multivariable binary logistic regression, variables with a p 0.05 were declared as significant. Results . Three hundred and eighty-seven students took part in the study. The mean age of participants was 20.81 (±1.83) years. The prevalence of self-reported RBD was 46.25% [95% UI (41.26%-51.24)]. Physical exercise immediately before sleep ( AOR = 2.50 , 95% UI (1.24-5.02)), using Facebook immediately before sleep ( AOR = 1.93 , 95% UI (1.18-3.15)), having daytime sleepiness ( AOR = 1.92 , 95% UI (1.16-3.19)), and self-reported depressive symptoms ( AOR = 2.40 , 95% UI (1.45-3.99)) were significantly associated with self-reported RBD. Conclusion . The current study revealed a high prevalence of self-reported RBD. This remarkable problem suggested a need to design strategies to prevent RBD symptoms among university students through targeting screening of depression, daytime sleepiness, and adjusting bedtime routines such as physical exercise and internet use immediately before going to bed.
Publisher: Public Library of Science (PLoS)
Date: 08-06-2021
DOI: 10.1371/JOURNAL.PONE.0252664
Abstract: In late 2019, a new coronavirus disease known as COVID-19 (novel coronavirus disease 2019) was identified. As there is no any drug to treat this pandemic, the healthcare professionals are disproportionately at higher risk. The mental health outcome is expected to be high. Anxiety is expected to have a significant impact on health professionals, especially among those who work without adequate resources for self-protection. The objectives of this research was to assess self-reported anxiety symptoms and associated factors among Ethiopian healthcare professionals in the early stages of the pandemic. We have conducted an online cross-sectional study to collect information from healthcare professionals in Ethiopia during the early stage of the outbreak from April 7, 2020 to May 19, 2020. GAD-7 was used for measurement of anxiety. We have used a cut of point of 10 and above to report anxiety symptoms. We have used Google Forms for online data collection and SPSS-22 for analysis. To determine associated factors for anxiety, a binary logistic regression model was used. Variables with p-value 0.2 during the bivariable binary logistic regression were exported for further analysis in the multivariable binary logistic regression. Finally, variables with p-value .05 were considered as significantly associated with the outcomes. Three hundred and eighty-eight healthcare professionals filled the online questionnaire Majority (71.1%) were males. Significant number of respondents (78.9%) reported lack of adequate personal protective equipment (PPE) at the work place. The prevalence of anxiety was 26.8%. Being female (AOR: 1.88 95% C.I:1.11, 3.19), visiting/treating 30–150 patients per day (AOR: 3.44 95% C.I:1.51, 7.84), those employed at private healthcare institutions (AOR: 2.40 95% C.I:1.17, 4.90), who do not believe that COVID-19 is preventable (AOR: 2.04 95% C.I:1.04, 4.03) and those who reported lack of PPE (AOR: 1.98 95% C.I:1.04, 3.79) were more likely to be anxious. The anxiety prevalence among healthcare professionals in Ethiopia during early stage of COVID-19 pandemic was high. This study shows that lack of preventive equipment, being female, contact with many patients, low self-efficacy and working in private health facilities were risk factors for anxiety. Anxiety prevention among health professionals during COVID-19 pandemic requires a holistic approach including provision of sufficient PPE, improving self-efficacy and addressing problems both at public and private institutions and focusing more on female health professionals.
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 17-08-2021
DOI: 10.1186/S13098-021-00704-W
Abstract: Diabetes mellitus is a serious metabolic disorder which becomes common in middle and low incomes countries since few decades. Microvascular complications include retinopathy, neuropathy and nephropathy all of which can lead to disability, dependency, accelerate their morbidity, and mortality. In Ethiopia, there is paucity data regarding this topic. Hence, this study aimed to assess prevalence of microvascular complications and its predictors among type 2 diabetes mellitus patients. Cross-sectional study was conducted from February to March 2020 at Dessie town hospitals. We used simple random s ling to recruit study participants and pre-tested interviewer administered questionnaire to collect the data. Data was entered into Epi-Data 3.1 and exported to SPSS-23 for analysis. Binary logistic regression was done to select potential variables to be adjusted at p ≤ 0.25. After running multivariable regression, variables with a p-value ≤ 0.05 were declared as statistically significant. Three hundred and thirty-five type 2 DM patients participated in the study, of which 54.6% were males. One hundred and twenty-seven [37.9% (95% CI 32.5%–43.3%)] of diabetes mellitus had at least one microvascular complications. These were retinopathy 24.8%, nephropathy 16.1%, and neuropathy 8.1%. Age 60–87 years (AOR = 2.76, 95% CI 1.02–7.46), duration of diabetes 5 years (AOR = 4.09, 95% CI 2.40–6.96), mellitus and co-morbid hypertension (AOR = 3.52, 95% CI 2.09–5.95), were statistically significant. In this study, diabetic microvascular complications are prevalent. Increasing the age of participants, longer duration of diabetes mellitus and co-morbid hypertension were independent predictors. Health workers should give emphasis for diabetes mellitus through early screening and health education, abrupt medication for aged patients with long duration of diabetes mellitus, and hypertension, and also early detection and management of microvascular complication.
Publisher: Hindawi Limited
Date: 10-05-2021
DOI: 10.1155/2021/7389076
Abstract: Background. Dyslipidemia is one of the leading causes of cardiovascular complications in diabetes mellitus (DM) patients. Though it is a major public health problem in Ethiopia, there is no a nation-wide study to determine dyslipidemia among DM patients yet. Therefore, this systematic review and meta-analysis intended to estimate the prevalence of hypertriglyceridemia and other plasma lipid abnormalities among people living with DM in Ethiopia. Methods. We systematically searched PubMed, Google Scholar, African Journals Online, Hinari, and direct Google. Studies conducted until May 9, 2020, that reports the prevalence of dyslipidemia among people living with DM were included. The DerSimonian and Laird random-effects model was used to determine the pooled prevalence of lipid profile abnormalities. Heterogeneity was checked using the I 2 statistic, whereas publication bias was tested by funnel plot and Egger’s test. Besides, subgroup and sensitivity analyses were performed. Results. We used 18 primary studies, including 4961 participants living with DM, which met the eligibility criteria for the meta-analysis of hypertriglyceridemia. The estimate of hypertriglyceridemia (≥150 mg/dl) was 48.15% (95% CI: 38.15-58.15, I 2 = 98.4 % ) after performing the main meta-analysis using the random-effects model. The subgroup analysis showed a higher pooled estimate of hypertriglyceridemia among T2DM (57.80% (95% CI: 50.50-65.10), I 2 = 92.5 % ), studies that used probability s ling technique (59.09% (95% CI: 43.58-74.59), I 2 = 98.6 % , p 0.001 ), and studies from primary data sources (51.43% (95% CI: 40.72-62.13), I 2 = 98.0 % , p 0.001 ). Moreover, the estimated pooled prevalence of the total plasma cholesterol ( TC ≥ 200 mg / dl ) was 34.08% (95% CI: 28.41-39.75, I 2 = 92.4 % ), LDL − C ≥ 100 mg / dl was 41.13% (95% CI: 27.15-55.11, I2 = 98.8%), and HDL ≤ 40 mg / dl for men and ≤ 50 mg / dl for women was 44.36% (95% CI: 31.82-56.90, I 2 = 98.8 % ). Conclusions. The pooled prevalence of hypertriglyceridemia and other lipid abnormalities among DM patients was relatively high in Ethiopia. It strongly suggests the need to give maximal attention to the adherence of DM management to reduce the circulatory lipid profile abnormalities and subsequent complications. Prospero Registration. CRD42020182291.
Publisher: SAGE Publications
Date: 2021
DOI: 10.1177/20503121211018121
Abstract: Occupational respiratory symptoms are manifestations of respiratory diseases because of exposure to dust or chemicals such as asbestos, silicon and aluminium in the workplace like cement factory, tannery, textile and/or street sweeping, all of which affect the health condition and productivity. In Ethiopia, several primary studies were conducted regarding the magnitude of occupational respiratory symptoms with the prevalence of 68.89% in street sweepers and associated factors with inconsistent results. This meta-analysis aimed to pool the prevalence of respiratory symptoms and their associated factors among Ethiopian adults working in different workplaces. PubMed, African Journals Online, Google Scholar, Cochrane Library and Direct Google were systematically searched to identify primary studies. Two authors performed data abstraction and quality assessment for each included study independently. Cochran’s Q-statistic and I 2 (I-squared) statistic were used to check heterogeneity. DerSimonian and Laird random-effects models were used to estimate the pooled prevalence and associated factors of respiratory symptoms. Publication bias was checked by funnel plot and Egger’s test, and also sensitivity analyses were performed. Ten primary studies with 3441 study participants were included for the narrative synthesis and meta-analysis of the pooled prevalence of occupational respiratory symptoms. The pooled prevalence of overall occupational respiratory symptom was 54.58% (95% CI: 45.37–63.79). Dry cough was the most encountered respiratory symptom [34.93, 95% CI: 29.52–40.35], followed by breathlessness [28.67%, 95% CI: 20.13–37.22]. Work experience of over 5 years [OR = 2.24, 95% CI: 1.21–4.16] and educational level of Grade 8 and lower [OR = 1.28, 95% CI: 1.06–1.55] were significantly associated with occupational respiratory symptoms. In this review, the pooled prevalence of occupational respiratory symptoms was high. The findings of this study dictate the need for the implementation of workplace safety measures. Special attention is required to employees with lower educational level and longer duration of work experience. CRD42020176826
Publisher: Hindawi Limited
Date: 24-09-2020
DOI: 10.1155/2020/9048609
Abstract: Background . Implanon is a long-acting reversible contraceptive method that is 99% effective in preventing unintended pregnancy. Despite its effectiveness, the rate of Implanon discontinuation is high. In Ethiopia, there is limited information about determinants of Implanon discontinuation. Therefore, this study aimed to identify the determinants of Implanon discontinuation among women who used Implanon at Bahir Dar town health institutions. Methods . We employed an unmatched case-control study to find out the determinants of Implanon discontinuation at Bahir Dar town health institutions from March to June 2019 using the multistage stratified s ling technique to select study participants. Cases were women who had discontinued Implanon before completion of 3 years, and controls were women who had removed Implanon at the date of appointment (3 years). A pretested, structured questionnaire with face-to-face interviews was used. Binary logistic regression was performed to identify determinants of Implanon discontinuation. In the final model, variables with a p value of .05 were considered significant at 95% confidence interval and the strength of association was measured using odds ratio. Results . Primary education (AOR = 0.104, 95% CI (0.02–0.48)), secondary education (AOR = 0.48, 95% CI (0.24–0.952)), women who have no child (AOR = 2.04, 95% CI (1.2–3.4)), women who had no discussion with their partner (AOR = 2.2, 95% CI (1.39–3.57)), mass counseling (AOR = 3.5, 95% CI (1.75–7.01)), women who had no counseling about side effects (AOR = 1.7, 95% CI (1.07–2.07)), women who experienced side effects (AOR = 2.2, 95% CI (1.4–3.4)), and purpose of family planning use (AOR = 2.5, 95% CI (1.14–4.8)) were determinants of Implanon discontinuation. Conclusion . Implanon discontinuation is attributed by multifactorial involvement. Women’s educational status, nulliparity, no counseling, not informed of side effects, and no partner discussion are significant factors. Health sector stakeholders need to tailor counseling services at in idual level to bolster family planning utilization until the desired time.
Publisher: Public Library of Science (PLoS)
Date: 02-09-2021
DOI: 10.1371/JOURNAL.PONE.0254094
Abstract: Knowledge of the ovulatory cycle (KOC) aids women to refrain and engage in sexual intercourse to avoid and to get pregnancy, respectively. The effect of community-level factors on KOC was not yet known in Ethiopia. Therefore, we aimed to investigate the community- and in idual-level determinants of KOC among women of childbearing age. We used the 2016 Ethiopian Demographic and Health Survey, and total weighted s les of 15,683 women were included. Intra-class correlation, median odds ratio, and deviance were executed for model comparison in which a model with the lowest deviance was the best model i.e. model III in this case. A multivariable multilevel logistic regression model was employed to identify community- and in idual-level factors of correct KOC. In the ultimate model, an adjusted odds ratio (AOR) with a 95% confidence interval was reported and variables with a p .05 were considered as statistically significant. In this study, 3,698 [23.58% (95% CI 22.92–24.25)] participants had correct KOC. Women’s age in years, i.e. 20–24 (AOR = 1.46 .28–1.68) 25–29 (AOR = 1.72 1.49–1.99), 30–34 (AOR = 2.21 1.89–2.58), 35–39 (AOR = 1.78 1.51–2.09), 40–44 (AOR = 1.97 1.65–2.37), and 45–49 (AOR = 1.78 1.44–2.19), knowledge of contraceptive methods (AOR = 3.08 2.07–4.58), increased women’s educational level, i.e. higher (AOR = 4.24 3.54–5.07), secondary (AOR = 2.89 2.48–3.36), and primary (AOR = 1.57 1.39–1.78), higher household’s wealth index, i.e. richest (AOR = 1.71 1.35–2.16), richer (AOR = 1.42 1.16–1.72), middle (AOR = 1.29 1.07–1.56), and poorer (AOR = 1.24 1.03–1.48), current contraceptive use (AOR = 1.26 1.13–1.39), menstruating in the last six weeks (AOR = 1.13 1.03–1.24), women’s media exposure (AOR = 1.20 1.07–1.35), and being in the community with a high level of media exposure (AOR = 1.53 1.24–1.88) were statistically significant with KOC. Knowledge of the ovulatory cycle was low in this study, which demands health education for women of childbearing age. Special attention should be given to teenagers, those with lower educational, and lower economic status. Besides, the strengthening of media c aigns could increase women’s KOC, which is crucial for preventing unintended pregnancy.
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 06-2020
Publisher: Public Library of Science (PLoS)
Date: 25-02-2022
DOI: 10.1371/JOURNAL.PONE.0263884
Abstract: Dream enactment behavior is one of the features of rapid eye movement sleep behavior disorder. It might be a manifestation of neurodegenerative diseases and can lead to fall associated injuries. There is no evidence of dream enactment behavior and its associated factors in Ethiopia. Hence, this study targeted to pinpoint the predictors of dream enactment behavior among Medical students at the University of Gondar. The cross-sectional survey was carried out at the University of Gondar among Medical students selected by simple random s ling technique from Dec 2020 to Feb 2021. We used a structured pretested questionnaire to collect the data and dream enactment behavior was evaluated using rapid eye movement sleep behavior disorder single question. Descriptive statistics were computed, and determinant factors were identified using binary logistic regression model. In the final model, explanatory variables with a p .05 were considered as predictors (statistically significant) of the dream enactment behavior. The strength of association was determined using adjusted odds ratio (AOR) with its 95% CI. Four-hundred and twelve students took part in the study with 97.4% response rate. The mean age of participants was 20.82(±1.88) years and 291(70.63%) were males. The prevalence of dream enactment was 34.47% (95% CI: 30.02–39.20). Daytime sleepiness score (AOR = 1.104 95% CI: 1.053–1.160), age (AOR = 1.15 95% CI: 1.019–1.290), monthly pocket money (AOR = 0.9991 95% CI: 0.9985–0.9997), alcohol drink (AOR = 2.71 95% CI: 1.076–6.846), and perceived stress (AOR = 3.854 95% CI: 1.802–8.242) were statistically significant factors of dream enactment behavior. In this study, the magnitude of dream enactment behavior was high which was significantly associated with daytime sleepiness score, age, monthly pocket money, alcohol drink, and perceived stress all of which are modifiable except age. The University of Gondar has to plan a strategy to avert the condition via the prevention of the determinant factors. Students need to reduce stress and avoid alcohol drink. We strongly urge forthcoming scholars to ascertain association of dream enactment and academic performance of university students.
Publisher: BMJ
Date: 03-2021
DOI: 10.1136/BMJOPEN-2020-042071
Abstract: This study aimed to assess households access to improved drinking water sources and sanitation facilities and their associated factors in Ethiopia. Cross-sectional study. Ethiopia. Household heads. Access to improved drinking water sources and toilet facilities. We conducted an in-depth secondary data analysis of 2016 Ethiopian Demographic and Health Survey. Data from a total of 16 650 households and 645 clusters were included in the analysis. The households were selected using a stratified two-stage cluster s ling technique. Multilevel binary logistic regression analyses were performed to identify factors associated with access to an improved drinking water source and toilet facilities. Adjusted OR with a 95% CI was reported with p value .05 was used to declare a significant association between the covariates and the outcome variables. The proportions of households’ access to improved sources of drinking water and toilet facilities were 69.94% (95% CI: 69.23% to 70.63%) and 25.36% (95% CI: 24.69% to 26.03%), respectively. Households headed by women and households with a better wealth index were positively associated with access to improved drinking water sources. Whereas rural households, ≥30 min round trip to obtain drinking water and region were factors negatively associated with households access to improved drinking water sources. A higher probability of having access to improved toilet facilities: households with heads who had attained higher education, households having better access to improved sources of drinking water and households with better wealth index. While the following households were less likely to have access to improved toilet facilities: households with heads were widowed, households with four to six members, rural households and region. The study found that the proportions of households’ access to improved drinking water sources and toilet facilities in Ethiopia were relatively low, which demands the need to tailor strategies to increase the coverage of access to improved drinking water sources and toilet facilities.
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 19-05-2022
DOI: 10.1186/S12872-022-02661-2
Abstract: Cardiovascular diseases are the most causes of mortality and morbidity among diabetes mellitus (DM) patients. Electrocardiographic (ECG) changes are common in the early course of the disease. Little is known about the electrocardiographic abnormalities among type 2 DM patients in Ethiopia. This study determined the overall prevalence, its patterns, and the associated factors of ECG abnormalities among people living with T2DM in Amhara National Regional State referral hospitals, Ethiopia. A multicenter institution-based cross-sectional study was conducted from 01 April to 30 May 2021. A simple random s ling and systematic s ling techniques were employed to select the referral hospitals and study participants, respectively. A digital electrocardiograph was used to measure the ECG parameters and the other data were collected using an interviewer-administered questionnaire. Epi-data version-4.6 and Stata-14 were used for data entry and statistical analysis, respectively. The descriptive statistics were presented with tables and graphs. A binary logistic regression model was fitted to identify associated factors of ECG abnormality. In the final model, statistical significance was decided at p ≤0.05, and the strength of association was indicated using an adjusted odds ratio with 95% CI. Two-hundred and fifty-eight participants (response rate = 99.6%) were included for the analysis. The prevalence of overall ECG abnormality was 45% (95% CI: 39, 51%). On the basis of the electrocardiographic patterns, 57 (21.1% 95% CI: 14.6, 32.6%) were presented with T-wave abnormality, 36 (14% 95% CI: 10.1, 18.8%) left axis deviation, and 24 (9.3% [6.3, 13.5%]) sinus tachycardia. Higher monthly income ( 90$) (AOR = 0.51 [0.31, 0.83]), over 10 years duration of DM (AOR = 4.5[1.05, 18.94]), hypertension (AOR = 3.9 [1.6, 9.40]), fasting blood sugar of ≥ 130 mg/dl (AOR = 5.01[2.13, 12.20]), and overweight (AOR = 2.65[1.17, 5.98]) were statistically significant factors of overall ECG abnormality. Nearly, half of the participants had at least one ECG abnormality. Higher-income, prolonged disease duration, hypertension, higher fasting blood sugar, and overweight were significantly associated with ECG abnormality. The findings of this study suggest the need to institute routine ECG screening for all T2DM patients to reduce ECG abnormalities and further complications.
Publisher: Public Library of Science (PLoS)
Date: 08-07-2022
DOI: 10.1371/JOURNAL.PONE.0270480
Abstract: Shift-work disrupts circadian rhythm, resulting in disturbed sleep time and excessive sleepiness during the work shift. Little is known about shift-work sleep disorder among health care workers in Ethiopia. This study examined the magnitude and associated factors of shift-work sleep disorder among health care workers in Public Hospitals in Sidama National Regional State, Southern Ethiopia. An institution-based cross-sectional study was carried out on 398 health care workers selected using a systematic random s ling technique. A self-administered structured questionnaire consisting of insomnia, sleepiness scales and international classification of sleep disorder criteria items was employed. Epi data version 4.6 and Stata 14 were used for data entry and statistical analysis respectively. Binary logistic regression was fitted to determine associated factors and decision for the statistical significance was made at p .05 in the multivariable binary logistic regression. Three hundred and ninety-eight health care workers (female = 53%) were included in the analysis with a response rate of 94.8%. The prevalence of shift-work sleep disorder was 33.67% (95% CI: 29.17%-38.45%). Being married (AOR = 1.88 (1.01–3.28)), three-shift (AOR = 1.078 (1.00–3.16)), ≥11 night shifts per month (AOR = 2.44 (1.36–4.38)), missing nap (AOR = 1.85 (1.04–3.30)), daily sleep time 7hours (AOR = 1.88 (1.05–3.38)), khat chewing (AOR = 2.98 (1.27–8.09)), alcohol drinking (AOR = 2.6(1.45–4.92)), and cigarette smoking (AOR = 3.32 (1.35–8.14)) were significantly associated with shift-work sleep disorder. This study showed a high prevalence of shift-work sleep disorder. Two shift schedule, napping, and reduction of substance use might reduce shift-work sleep disorder.
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Date: 06-2022
DOI: 10.2147/IBPC.S361789
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 10-2021
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 02-07-2020
DOI: 10.1038/S41591-020-0972-7
Abstract: An amendment to this paper has been published and can be accessed via a link at the top of the paper.
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 08-2021
Publisher: Public Library of Science (PLoS)
Date: 17-06-2021
DOI: 10.1371/JOURNAL.PONE.0253126
Abstract: Maternal and neonatal tetanus remains a global public health problem affecting mainly the poorest and most marginalized subpopulations. In spite of the problem, studies conducted on the associated factors of births protected against neonatal tetanus are scarce in Africa. Therefore, this study aimed to identify both in idual and community-level factors associated with births protected against neonatal tetanus in the region. The most recent Demographic and Health Survey datasets of five African countries (Ethiopia, Burundi, Comoros, Zimbabwe and Zambia) were used to investigate the associated factors of births protected from neonatal tetanus. STATA Version 14 statistical software was used for the analysis. The data were weighted before doing any statistical analysis and deviance was used for model comparison. Multilevel binary logistic regression was used to identify the associated factors of births protected against neonatal tetanus. Finally, the adjusted odds ratio (AOR) with its 95% confidence interval (CI) was calculated for each potential factors included in the multivariable multilevel logistic regression model. A total weighted s le of 30897 reproductive age women who had a birth within 5 years preceding the survey were included in the analysis. Those women with age of 20–34 (AOR = 1.32, 95%CI: 1.18–1.48) and 35–49 years (AOR = 1.26, 95% CI: 1.10–1.44), high community level of women education (AOR = 1.13, 95%CI: 1.04–1.23), being from poorer(AOR = 1.23, 95% CI: 1.14–1.33), middle (AOR = 1.31, 95%CI: 1.21–1.43), richer (AOR = 1.21, 95%CI: 1.11–1.32) and richest households (AOR = 1.59, 95%CI: 1.44–1.74), having antenatal care follow up (AOR = 9.62, 95% CI: 8.79–10.54), not perceiving distance to health facility as a big problem (AOR = 1.18, 95% CI: (1.11–1.25) had higher odds of having births protected against neonatal tetanus. Both in idual and community level factors were found to be associated with births protected against neonatal tetanus in Africa. This suggests that a variety of factors are affecting births protected against neonatal tetanus in the region. Hence, the impact of these factors should be recognized while developing strategies to reduce neonatal tetanus in the region.
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Date: 03-2020
DOI: 10.2147/NDT.S248409
Location: Ethiopia
No related grants have been discovered for Baye Dagnew.