ORCID Profile
0000-0002-4742-5917
Current Organisation
Murdoch University
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Publisher: Wiley
Date: 03-2008
DOI: 10.1002/J.2055-2335.2008.TB00798.X
Abstract: While new cytochrome P450 (CYP450) enzymes continue to be identified, it is now possible to predict with some confidence the total number of human CYP450 enzymes. This review is an update of the CYP450 superfamily of drug metabolising enzymes. It comprises a brief history of CYP450 research, outlines the standard P450 nomenclature system, and describes CYP450 multiplicity, structure and function.
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 10-2016
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 09-2009
Publisher: MDPI AG
Date: 28-09-2022
Abstract: Kenya and some other African countries are threatened by a serious pest Thaumatotibia leucotreta (Meyrick) (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae), the false codling moth. The detection of T. leucotreta is quite difficult due to the cryptic nature of the larvae during transportation and is therefore a concern for Australia. This insect is a known pest of agriculturally important crops. Here, Maxent was used to assess the biosecurity threat of T. leucotreta to Australia. Habitat suitability and risk assessment of T. leucotreta in Australia were identified based on threatened areas under suitable climatic conditions and the presence of hosts in a given habitat. Modeling indicated that Australia is vulnerable to invasion and establishment by T. leucotreta in some states and territories, particularly areas of western and southern Australia. Within these locations, the risk is associated with specific cropping areas. As such, invasion and establishment by T. leucotreta may have serious implications for Australia’s agricultural and horticultural industries e.g., the fruit and vegetable industries. This study will be used to inform the government and industry of the threat posed by T. leucotreta imported via the cut flower industry. Targeted preventative measures and trade policy could be introduced to protect Australia from invasion by this pest.
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 05-2017
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 09-2018
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 2017
Publisher: American Association for Cancer Research (AACR)
Date: 10-2008
DOI: 10.1158/1055-9965.EPI-08-0140
Abstract: Methionine-dependence phenotype (MDP) refers to the reduced ability of cells to proliferate when methionine is restricted and/or replaced by its immediate precursor homocysteine. MDP is a characteristic of human tumors in vivo, human tumor cell lines, and normal somatic tissue in some in iduals. It was hypothesized that MDP is a risk factor for developing breast cancer in BRCA (BRCA1 and BRCA2) germline mutation carriers. To test the hypothesis, human peripheral blood lymphocytes of BRCA carriers with and without breast cancer and healthy non-carrier relatives (controls) were cultured for 9 days in medium containing either 0.1 mmol/L l-methionine or 0.2 mmol/L d,l-homocysteine, with the ratio of viable cell growth in both types of medium after 9 days used to calculate the methionine-dependence index (MDI), a measure of MDP. We also tested whether MDP was associated with common polymorphisms in methionine metabolism. Viable cell growth, MDI, and polymorphism frequency in MTRR (A66G and C524T) and MTHFR (A1298C and A1793G) did not differ among the study groups however, MDI tended to be higher in BRCA carriers with breast cancer than those without and was significantly increased in MTHFR 677T allele carriers relative to wild-type carriers (P = 0.017). The presence of MTR A2756G mutant allele and MTHFR C677T mutant allele in carriers was associated with increased breast cancer risk [odds ration, 3.2 (P = 0.16 95% confidence interval, 0.76-13.9) and 3.9 (P = 0.09 95% confidence interval, 0.93-16.3), respectively]. The results of this study support the hypothesis that defects in methionine metabolism may be associated with breast cancer risk in BRCA carriers. (Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2008 (10):2565–71)
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 16-07-2012
DOI: 10.1002/PS.3360
Abstract: The recent development of very high resistance to phosphine in rusty grain beetle, Cryptolestes ferrugineus (Stephens), seriously threatens stored-grain biosecurity. The aim was to characterise this resistance, to develop a rapid bioassay for its diagnosis to support pest management and to document the distribution of resistance in Australia in 2007-2011. Bioassays of purified laboratory reference strains and field-collected s les revealed three phenotypes: susceptible, weakly resistant and strongly resistant. With resistance factors of > 1000 × , resistance to phosphine expressed by the strong resistance phenotype was higher than reported for any stored-product insect species. The new time-to-knockdown assay rapidly and accurately diagnosed each resistance phenotype within 6 h. Although less frequent in western Australia, weak resistance was detected throughout all grain production regions. Strong resistance occurred predominantly in central storages in eastern Australia. Resistance to phosphine in the rusty grain beetle is expressed through two identifiable phenotypes: weak and strong. Strong resistance requires urgent changes to current fumigation dosages. The development of a rapid assay for diagnosis of resistance enables the provision of same-day advice to expedite resistance management decisions.
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 24-11-2008
DOI: 10.1007/S00894-007-0252-1
Abstract: Steric molecular field can be represented in a number of ways in comparative molecular field analysis (CoMFA). This study aimed to investigate whether the choice of steric molecular field settings significantly influences the predictive performance of CoMFA and, if so, which is the best. The three-dimensional quantitative structure activity relationship (3D-QSAR) models based on Lennard-Jones, indicator, parabolic and Gaussian steric fields were compared using 28 datasets taken from the literature. The analysis of the predictive ability of these models (cross validated R(2)) indicates that steric fields in which the value drops off quickly with distance (i.e. Lennard-Jones and indicator fields) tend to perform better than the Gaussian version, which has a slower and smoother decrease. Furthermore, depending on the steric field type used, the field s ling density (i.e. grid spacing) has a variable influence on the predictive ability of the models generated.
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 03-2009
DOI: 10.1002/J.2055-2335.2009.TB00705.X
Abstract: The role of in idual hepatic cytochrome P450 (CYP) enzymes in drug metabolism and the factors that modulate CYP activity are becoming increasingly well understood. These advances have resulted in a better understanding of drug‐drug and drug‐ food interactions and an enhanced capacity to predict drug interactions that may occur with new drugs. This final article in the series describes the issues and principles that are important in identifying and assessing drug interactions that involve CYP enzymes.
Publisher: American Society for Horticultural Science
Date: 08-2018
DOI: 10.21273/HORTTECH04030-18
Abstract: Export celery ( Apium graveolens var. dulce ) from Australia has been affected by a natural infestation of purple scum springtails ( Hypogastrura vernalis ). These insects live inside the celery head, contaminating fresh celery, but do not cause any visible damage. As a result, purple scum springtail-infested celery has led to rejection for export with an impact on market value for fresh produce. In this study, fumigation with ethyl formate (EF), phosphine (PH 3 ), and their combination on mortality of purple scum springtails in naturally infested celery was evaluated. Laboratory experiments were conducted using concentrations of 50, 60, and 90 mg·L −1 of EF for 1, 2, and 4 hours 1, 1.5, 2, and 2.5 mg·L −1 of PH 3 for 2, 4, and 6 hours and 20, 30, and 40 mg·L −1 of EF combined with 1 mg·L −1 of PH 3 , for 2 and 4 hours at the laboratory temperature 25 °C. Complete control was achieved at 90 mg·L −1 of EF for 2 hours however, phytotoxicity was observed in celery treated by EF at all concentrations. PH 3 at 2.5 mg·L −1 achieved 100% mortality within 6 hours, and no phytotoxicity was evident. Mortality of 100% was achieved also at 30 and 40 mg·L −1 EF combined with 1 mg·L −1 of PH 3 for 2 and 4 hours exposure time however, phytotoxicity occurred with EF alone treatments and with the combination. From these data, we conclude that PH 3 alone has potential as a fumigant for the preshipment treatment of celery infested with purple scum springtails.
Publisher: Portico
Date: 2011
DOI: 10.2212/SPR.2011.3.8
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Date: 12-2009
DOI: 10.3109/13547500903183962
Abstract: An autism spectrum disorder (ASD) diagnosis is based on clinical behaviours as there are no validated biological diagnostic tools. Indolyl-3-acryloylglycine (IAG) is a chemical produced by gut microflora and there are conflicting reports as to whether urinary levels are elevated in children with ASD compared with controls. Urinary IAG levels in morning urine s les were statistically significantly higher in children with ASD whose caregivers reported the presence of chronic gastrointestinal (GI) disturbance than children with ASD without chronic GI disturbance. Urinary IAG, however, was not statistically significantly higher in children with ASD, compared with siblings or unrelated controls without ASD.
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 09-2009
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 06-2018
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 09-2008
DOI: 10.1016/J.CBPC.2008.05.020
Abstract: Cytochromes P450 (CYPs) are critically important in the oxidative metabolism of a erse array of xenobiotics and endogenous substrates. We have previously reported that the obligate Eucalyptus feeder koala (Phascolarctos cinereus) exhibits a higher hepatic CYP2C activity as compared to non-Eucalyptus feeders human or rat, with stimulation of CYP2C activity by cineole. In the present study, we examine CYP2C expression by immunohistochemistry and describe the identification and cloning of koala CYP2Cs. Utilising anti-rat CYP2C6 antibody, the expression of CYP2C was found to be uniform across the hepatic sections, being consistent with that observed in human and rat. Two 1647 and 1638 bp koala liver CYP2C complete cDNAs, designated CYP2C47 and CYP2C48 respectively, were cloned by cDNA library screening. The koala CYP2C cDNAs encode a protein of 495 amino acids. Three additional partial CYP2C sequences were also identified from the koala, indicating the multiplicity of the CYP2C subfamily in this unique marsupial species. The results of this study demonstrate the presence of koala hepatic CYP2Cs that share several common features with other published CYP2Cs however CYP2C47 and CYP2C48 contain four extra amino acid residues at the NH2-terminal, a transmembrane anchor which was reported being a fundamentally conserved structure core of all eukaryote CYP enzymes.
Publisher: Future Medicine Ltd
Date: 08-2008
DOI: 10.2217/14622416.9.8.1027
Abstract: Objective: Chemotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting is a significant clinical problem. The 5HT 3 receptor antagonists are effective anti-emetic medications but approximately 30% of patients do not respond. Method: We examined the HTR3C gene, which is believed to encode a subunit of the 5HT 3 receptor, for genetic variation and association with anti-emetic efficacy in a group of 70 patients receiving cancer chemotherapy. Results: Seven novel mutations were identified three mutations resulted in amino acid substitutions, two were synonymous and two were intronic. No statistically significant associations between either isolated mutations or estimated haplotypes and anti-emetic efficacy were detected. Conclusion: The results of this investigation indicate that the genetic variants that have been identified within HTR3C do not predict response to 5HT 3 antagonists, necessitating further investigation of possible genetic determinants of 5HT 3 antagonist efficacy.
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Date: 22-05-2015
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 07-2009
Abstract: Comparative Molecular Field Analysis (CoMFA) is a popular Three‐Dimensional Quantitative Structure–Activity Relationship (3D‐QSAR) method. The effect of varying molecular fields [CoMFA vs. Comparative Molecular Similarity Indices Analysis (CoMSIA)], lattice spacing and analysis options on predictive performance was assessed based on cross validated R 2 values of 30 datasets taken from the literature. The CoMFA method results in statistically significantly higher cross validated R 2 values compared to CoMSIA when only steric and electrostatic fields are used. When the hydrophobic molecular field is included in the CoMSIA analysis (as is most commonly the case) the difference between CoMFA and CoMSIA is no longer statistically significant. Addition of hydrogen bond field does not improve CoMFA predictivity. Although there was a trend towards increased predictivity with decreased lattice spacing, this was not statistically significant. Altering the default filtering criteria and cut‐off values for Lennard Jones and Coulomb fields also did not generally result in a statistically significant effect on predictive performance.
Publisher: American Chemical Society (ACS)
Date: 25-02-2009
DOI: 10.1021/CI800390M
Abstract: The 3D-QSAR method comparative molecular field analysis (CoMFA) involves the estimation of atomic partial charges as part of the process of calculating molecular electrostatic fields. Using 30 data sets from the literature the effect of using different common partial charge calculation methods on the predictivity (cross-validated R2) of CoMFA was studied. The partial charge methods ranged from the popular Gasteiger and the newer MMFF94 electronegativity equalization methods, to the more complex and computationally expensive semiempirical charges AM1, MNDO, and PM3. The MMFF94 and semiempirical MNDO, AM1, and PM3 methods for computing charges were found to result in statistically significantly more predictive CoMFA models than the Gasteiger charges. Although there was a trend toward the semiempirical charges performing better than the MMFF94 charges, the difference was not statistically significant. Thus, semiempirical partial charge calculation methods are suggested for the most predictive CoMFA models, but the MMFF94 charge calculation method is a very good alternative if semiempirical methods are not available or faster calculation speed is important.
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 09-2008
DOI: 10.1002/J.2055-2335.2008.TB00845.X
Abstract: Inter‐in idual variability in drug metabolism results from the influence of a myriad of factors, such as concomitant drug therapy and genetic factors. Advances in recombinant DNA technology have enhanced our understanding of the extent of genetic variation in the cytochrome P450 (CYP) enzyme super family, thus clarifying the molecular basis of many clinically observed variations in drug response. This second article in the CYP series describes current understanding of genetic variability in the major drug metabolising CYP enzymes, nomenclature used to describe variant CYP genes, and the clinical significance of such variability.
Publisher: Oxford University Press (OUP)
Date: 11-08-2016
DOI: 10.1093/JEE/TOW178
Abstract: Effective pest management relies on accurate delimitation of species and, beyond this, on accurate species identification. Mitochondrial COI sequences are useful for providing initial indications in delimiting species but, despite acknowledged limitations in the method, many studies involving COI sequences and species problems remain unresolved. Here we illustrate how such impasses can be resolved with microsatellite and nuclear sequence data, to assess more directly the amount of gene flow between ergent lineages. We use a population genetics approach to test for random mating between two 8 ± 2% ergent COI lineages of the rusty grain beetle, Cryptolestes ferrugineus (Stephens). This species has become strongly resistant to phosphine, a fumigant used worldwide for disinfesting grain. The possibility of cryptic species would have significant consequences for resistance management, especially if resistance was confined to one mitochondrial lineage. We find no evidence of restricted gene flow or nonrandom mating across the two COI lineages of these beetles, rather we hypothesize that historic population structure associated with early Pleistocene climate changes likely contributed to ergent lineages within this species.
Publisher: Wiley
Date: 03-01-2013
DOI: 10.1002/PS.3457
Abstract: Control of pests in stored grain and the evolution of resistance to pesticides are serious problems worldwide. A stochastic in idual-based two-locus model was used to investigate the impact of two important issues, the consistency of pesticide dosage through the storage facility and the immigration rate of the adult pest, on overall population control and avoidance of evolution of resistance to the fumigant phosphine in an important pest of stored grain, the lesser grain borer. A very consistent dosage maintained good control for all immigration rates, while an inconsistent dosage failed to maintain control in all cases. At intermediate dosage consistency, immigration rate became a critical factor in whether control was maintained or resistance emerged. Achieving a consistent fumigant dosage is a key factor in avoiding evolution of resistance to phosphine and maintaining control of populations of stored-grain pests when the dosage achieved is very inconsistent, there is likely to be a problem regardless of immigration rate.
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Date: 09-2008
No related grants have been discovered for Rob Emery.